201 ASME Boiler and f Pressure Vessel Code AN INTERNATIONAL CODE aN Rules for Construction Bo of Power BoilersSe umd 2013 ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code 2013 Edition ror RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION OF POWER BOILERS [ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee n Power Boilers oe) SR Bangte tec ly 202, ‘This international code or standard wat developed under procedures accreditod as meotng the erie for Amer= ican National Standards and tan American Naonal Standard. The Standards Commaltte that approved the code ‘or standard was balanced to asure tht individual from competent and concerned interests have ha an oppor tunity to participate, The proposed code or standae was made avalable for public review and comment that pro vides an opportunity for adtionsl pubic inp from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, an the public ee. "ASME doesnot “approve” “ats” or “endorse” any tem, construction, proprietary device, or activity. [ASME doesnot tae ay position with spect ta the val f any patent rights asserted n connection vith any items mentioned inthis document and doesnot undertake ofsure ayone ulin a standard agzins ably for Infringement of any appiable eters patent nor assume any such ably. Users of a code or standard are ex- presiy advised that determination ofthe vliityof any such patent rights, andthe risk of Infringement of such Fights i endely thir ow responsibly, Participation by federal agency reprsentative(s) or person(s) flated with Industry i notte interpreted as goverment or industy endorsement of ths code or standard. "ASME septs responsibilty fr only those Interpretations ofthis document issued in accordance with the estab- lished ASME procedures and polices, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individual. “The endnotes inthis document (Wf any) ae part ofthis American National Standard Act meses rk These ASME sb spe he US, Paes ee “WS the edema o The Aran Socio Mecanil Bgs. opus canat uy be read a ay fam banca rei “Stor abe ote lr ten peri e pase, rary Cones ag car aber 363986 ‘na ne Utd Sater mene tye Coun Tdi ace Mec ape 194 et en 2015, “he Ameria Sect of echimal Brg “ok rma oe 0038 380 yi © 2013 ‘i ansacan SOCEFY oF MSCRICAL ENGINEERS ‘lig see |oO TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Sctions ane Foreword ae . ‘Statement of Policy onthe Use othe Crifcaon Mark and Code Astoria in havering". Satement of Plcy an the Use of ASME Marking t dently Mamuseture Items sas» Submit of Techn Ingures othe Bol end Pressure Vessel Standars Commits : Personnel. ne oe = Preamble ea oo = Summary of Changes mo SUE Ls of changes n Record Nur Order ae : aa ‘Cross-Referencing and Sse Changes nthe Baran PresrreVesel Cade... Part PG General Requirements fr all Methods of Construction... Gener . DOIN roa Slope soos sussesssessenunneneee SNE P62 Serle Limitations 020 = . Pos Referenced Standard Peet ait . : tere oo a rs. Genera ae ———— Pos. Pie 202000 —— 767 orginge voto . ro. Catigs 220020 P03, Pipes Tubes and Pressure Conisining Pare. P10 teil Vented with or Produced aa Specicton wot Periind tis ‘Section, and Motel not Fully ented sess me Poa Miscellaneous Pressure Parts — mo PA? ‘Water Level Indeatrs and Conestor Natal : oo Pos Says : 7 : an Pot vote : : : Design : . Poste (Genera 5 : ———— Poa? ‘arcacon by Combination of Methods... —— Pos Design Validation by Preof Test : racy (ald Forming of Reni Materas 5 R20 oid Forming OF Crop Strength Enhanced Ferric Stee =. reat Maximum Alowable Working Pressure : ren toads = ren Sess Values fr CalitonForilas at Peas (Qual Factors for Stel Casings mo 626 Weld joint strength Reduction factor a 5 Poz7 ‘hire Components Under Internal Pressures : Poa8 Components Under External Presare = : 7629 Dihed ends : . 7630 Stayed Dice ends es Post Unstayod Fla Heads and Cavers = : ‘Openings and Compensatin =... : Pose ‘Openings in hel, Headers, and Died Heads... Poss ‘Compesaton Required for Openings in Sells ni shed cas Pose angen Openings in Forted Heads 5Pear P68 639 Pete Pets Pose Pets Poa? P68 P69 Pose G33 Poss Pose P89 Post Posr P68 P58 Pon Per Per Pers P76 Per Pere 2679 e-80 Poe P90 Post P98 P98 Poa0L P08 P05 205 Peso? pean Peso) Peat pean ret Compensation Reuter Operns Fst Used Hs en at tae ates Lunt of Meal Availabe for Componsaion Strong of Campensation so cccreeseeess Compensation fr Multle Openings Methods of Atathnent of Ppe ata Nozae Ndi to Vessel Wats General Roguirements for Pings, anges and Vales o.oo. onl Neck Thickness Inspoction Openings stayed Sintces Stybals ween Location of Staybots Dnnsions of Styles Ugaments ane Ligaments : Supports and Aachneat Lage = Boiler External Piping abé Ber Proper Ganections 20.0 ‘Outlets and Beteral Ping Appleton Requlrement fo: the Bolt Proper Design and Appian «-.-..- Desig an Ata semen fr Msi Fp, Vesa "ngs eon 7 eedwater Supply vases Overpressure Protection Reuireents 1 Baler e Sperheter ad Rehestr Cottiston of Capac of Presrure Rll Vales Capac of Pressure Rei Valves ‘Mounting of Pressure Ree Valve 02 (Operation of Pressure Rel Valves ‘Minumum Requirements fr Pressure Rie Valves Fabrication So Genera (ating ites ard Other Sack Plt leenieton Repairs of Defecs tn Materia ‘The Holes and Ends =. Pormiesble Out Roundnese of Cyindel Shals 7 ‘oleance for Farmed ead = Hales for Say Inspeton and ests : ‘eneral es (uslicaton of inepecors Examination snd Repir fat lt a Commer aa Hydrosatle Tes Caries by Stamping and Data Report Heating Surace Computation so. General venceensneessses ee (ariestin ari : Stamping of Boles 7 Feld Avery Stamping for Felé-Asomble Ballers Staring of Pressure Piping =. ‘Stamping of Boller Pressure Ral Vales. Location of Sampings a Manufacture’ Data Report Forms»Pears Master Data Repor Form oso. - cS Part Pw Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding co 86 Genera nes co a6 Pw Genera ae co a6 Naterials ae any pws (enerat mo oo 8s Design ——— SEUUNINEEIID ar Pw Genera ar Pus Desi of Welded oits =. ° Pwo est Trestment Pw Volumetric amination of Welded But fits a Pw ean ange Requtenents«.. eioioicnenseercescccnnns 0B Pw (Openings in or Adjacent Welds, SNIIEIIID pe Pw Welded Connections ee Pwaé Minor Requirement for itachment Wid. ot Pwo Welded stays essen 9% Fabrication : : ” Pw26 General a ar pwr Wolang Processes. aa SII a9 Pw.20 ‘Welding Qulitatin and Weld Records 98 Pw.29 Base Metal reparation sesso 39 pwal Assenily oo 9 pws ‘Alignment Tolerance Sls aod Vessels (lading Pipe or Tube Used as a ‘tel) a ence 100 pws Alignment Tube apd Pipe sss. csssesesessssunsusnensesee 100 Pw.as Fished ongtucnal and Cramfrental joins : 100 Pw.as ‘Miscellaneous Welding Requirements, a 100 P33 Prokessng eee ior Pws9 ‘Reguirement for Posi Heat Treasnent a 101 Pw40 Repair of Defects az Put CGreurfereaal joints a Pipes, Tubes and eaers 13 Pw Joie n Valves and Other Baler Apurtenances us Pies Loading on Structural Atsemente is Pus Friston Rules fr imctalie Tbes When the Gad Sivength i induded 116 Inspection and Test cvs us pw General oo oe us Pwr Check of Welding Pocadire : un Pw48 ‘heck of Welder and Welding Operator Performance Qialiieations 19 rwa3 Check of Heat Trestmens Prace 7 ns Pw.50 Qualiteaton of Nondestructive Examination Personnel... nis pws Radiographic Examination oe . 3 pws Uestone Examinations. oo 20 pws Tesh Paes wyeveeeentssssisusnonesessseuuonnnoneesensnene 20 Pwse HyrosateTes 2222020 : 1 Part PR [Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Ret <--.s-ceccsssoneee 126 General ysvvoyseecetsniavtvsseeesetsrse oo 2s Pra Scope». : oo as PRD Responsiig 620000000 : oo 26 Matera : : ae 26 Pra. Genera ae 2s Design I 2s PR 6 PRs, 6 PR. 26 Per 26mee PR. Preto PR prea pres Pei Pris PRIS Pear Pras Peis R20 Prat R22 peas PRE Pras PRE Paar PROB pareee Foie Biiency and the Thicknes of Shells and Drums “hice of Busan Longin! Jos : CGreumferetal ois «.. ‘Transverse Pitch (Bak Pitch) of Rows OF IVES cn cece para fags or Can Bige Disance Riveted Connections . oo Reiforement of Openings. oo Reiocing hal of Watertubs Boilers oo Fabrication one Genera : Welded Connediana Ia Rivetod Ballers Butstraps " River Holes : Assembly of oase mo Riveting! esvessecsessseinence Join Tigers Inspection, Test, and Data Reports Gener Hammer Test yostate Test, Data Rporss e-toc Requirement for Boilers Fabricated by Brazing General nn nverrseren Genet 000020) : ater 02000022 Branng Fer eta esses Funes and Atmospheres Design Genera 00222 ‘Seng of Brad joints raed Jen Eiieeney : ‘Allain of Bracing Fler Mets : Permisile Types of ints : Jot larance =~ : Toin Brazing Procedure — pea one : Braved Connecti Frbrleton sen : Senet : Qealcation of Bracing Procedure : Qualifcation of Bracers and Braing Operaors cys .cscesee aning of Surfaces to be Bred =. Cesrenee banween Safest be Bred Postranng Operations my Repal of Defecve Bracing ae Inspoction and Tess my Genera. COIN (Gheak of Bring Procedure 0 ‘Braver and Bring Operator 0.00. Visual Branton ee empaons Marking abd Reports : Generates.Cc Pare Pwr ewrs pwns Pure Pera Pwrae Pweas pwrie Pwras Pare PFT Requirements for Watertube Boilers. (Genera Genera General —— Design as Genera : Tubes and Pipe ‘Tube Connections Staybating Box Type Headers Saying Segment of Hens Fring Doors ‘cess a Fring Doors Requirements for Fretube Bollers (General enerat Materae General Design oo Genera mm Thlcness Rogen ‘Shall flats - ‘tachment of Heads and Tubeshots Tubes a Combustion Ghambers Combustion Chamber Toeshot General Pan crcie Fara 1 Ring Reaforeed Type =. toss (Conmugsted Furnaces <0. ‘Combined Plain Cri and Cosugsted Type ‘Asachment of Farmacet rebates and Watereps Stayed Surfaces ss Generate Working Pressure for Sayed Curved Surcas ‘Saying Horzonal earn Tube Boilers, Saying Segments of Heads ‘Area Supported by Stay Maximum Spacing Staybots and Stays Flexo Staybots Crown Bars and Gider Stay. Sty Tubes mn Srsses in lagonal Sage 0 Doors and Openings vores. cncsess Welded Door Openingr tose (Openings in Wrapper Shee esi Access Opening Requirement for Inspection Openings ‘pening Between Boor and Pressure Rat Valve Domes nee Requirement fo Doni sating — Method of Spport ss. Piping ings, and Applances 19 1 ry a ry a 139 140 1a a Fe we we we we wa Fo ma a a 1 18 1 ives us 6 ue M6 ar we ue ue 180 150 150 180 181 182 12 158 153 133 15 15 154 154 156 154 156 155verar Wat Lave Indctors =i irs none : 2 ire Bove hg & rr noomannn COUNIIIIISIS a rect pa enn ed eter (hen Li wa pearson a . rs : 5 ec Aeqaronents Mtr Bates cae wai! : : S teow : g sae cocunnn) S ing 2ST co Wit pig 100000 co Sart coum os ‘tage on = race crooan : Pe atts : : Heap) : = SSenntoene f 2 teres pan f » Aegan rears = 8 O oat : mo 8 a COUIIUUEIIIIISE. i ‘isco os seal He eae is mms : FA ra : a mene Noli : ote rnin (omer Sa comun a mn rte 000 f ‘a Pepe ‘Pressure Gages : 161 OQ is ae i rei ‘omic oS coum ig nei wep os 8 tee sia ng rice ‘8 re agate fr rp Pid Yprs— Pn we con ; 8 oie cou : 8 wee cama : a nes Sore ca mS moO Ree ran : apveat Drain Vales ooo ecessseseeeenvensnenenee ie Cwm Pe feo comin ia rcs feqene bret eatery Sm net Pine cee : ig Bast oe Fe uses Tei Seri br ni Comets ce sc 4 oasis : i ase eo on ie nary Amen! mo ae Mandatory Append! Standard Ut or Un Equa SD a ondary Aen! cera for Replat af Crean Mark. Com (CsA tain Asn ses ania sie emee ‘ia ms Mons Appendix ¥ Anal for lr Ptr y ving ™ Mandatory pends VI sablahing Goes af ations, Addenda and Cae a ars ‘semen Pa 1 Noonondsory Apes A fhnon oft Cfe Consning Me Manny Unless Spey Referee Re ote Cade 1s Noonan Apes Pot Mtr denieation Pract ane ures SEZ Numa eal of ell Aes open pr 2 oO Post ‘Some Acceptable Types of Unstayed Flat Heads and Covers 24 cr con 8 font Sarkayunme nina boro eis z hess Gut lnaramngiantae fe i eat’ tsa fh Rade P6354" ae z Pesta Meng n'est os oe coun z eset nt opis rts ees i PeSai Dig tr earn be tiny ong sda ian Spenng nce Ss ® vessaa_ tastes Ph iss iin ow ® Fesd3.— femoleotmte seni Pe ef tne equ ney Seca ew & este Remiscene spe ass vos ny sd ri ow & reas rie Sane wate ste bat a st Om renga an sn oi ine peng min See 2 ossasta colli unt agro ales g POSES) Glutton! Unts rege Rona cies Fear ing a eli pent ak San Po s osu3i)cofuton! nts or Png Reto dH Sol ed Sage ‘ua ae “ osuaa colicin ini igh en edd oun ex wih sel Suom or vaeroe ® suas clu! ntti oS ip aes Sel ony so ed Sea oe “ vos pl eer i cuuunnunnn 5 Feeta — Eppeaan wane Ceo & Fests yp trngemet ander Cans i ia i 8 CO Meee? RENEE pecs Ptah Go &pwaie2 pwa94(e) Pw-l94() pws pws pws Pwsa2 Pwaa(e) Pw330) Pras Pease pRarad preanast Pos Pwr Pwr pwra22 Petar Persea Pera Perzsa ers pera? era Petes pers62 Pvc ksi ‘Taptes Peis Po2e Pas 6-99 Pose Poearm Poes23 Maximus Permissible Deviation frm Circ Farm fr Cindi Pars Under ternal Presire nn ni et Acinic age ead forBolers orm of Sting ‘Ut Welding of Fats ofUrogil Taine o.oo Prohibited Weld Tot. rampls of Weld Strong Gilat Some Acceptable Types ef Weld Nous and Otber Connectan o Sells runs and Headers ne reee Some Acceptabi ors of Weds for Lag angers and Braces on Shia, Dra and Headers sn. Soe Accept Types of Diagonal races or nstilaon by Wing Unaecepale Types of Dagoal Braces fo stalation by Welding Method of Computation of Atarhinets Tubes hae for Determining Lod Far, ove. “Test Specimens fo Longtail Weld Test Plates Method of Forming Langudnal Test Pts, Dez of Tension Tet Specimens Desi of Bend Test Specimens ‘ypc! Pate Edge Beveled fr Sealing by Cling ns Reed Joint : eatin of Seams sie and Outside Cling Boundaries ‘Boundary of Reinforcing Plate on Outs and Ise of Brum ‘Alowasi Welding of Pats Eales t Ends OF Buesrap> Somme Acceptable Types of Breed Jin os Examples of Acopabe Farms of Tube ataciment Boxype Heder ont. a ethod of Foming Wate Jans by Welding Some Accprble forms of fabs Anaciment ot Pc Bs ‘Aeceplaile Type of Rag eoredPurace orton Purntce Connection etwecn Pan and Corrugated Furnace Welding Ope ing Some Acceptable Methods of Forming Ware ons by Welding ==... Stayed wrapper Sheet of tacomotve Type Baer oo sample of Saying of Heads Adjacent indi Furnaces oo Pech of tayo Ace to Upper Comers of Probes = a Measurement for Deering Stresses in Dagosl Stas Spacing an Weld Dea for Wal Support Lags Sen Fas on Boron Ren Tabular Bo vv sseesnse Weide Bracet Connection fo orion ear Tubular Bers : Const fr Vapor Relate! Rat of Specie Het k= fe.) Some Acceptabl DesupeeaterSpraywater Protection Devic Arrengemeats Gide for Comping the Create of Conformance or Replicator ofthe Cristi ‘ae ee : ost Cla Forming tai Limi and Heat Trestment Requirements ooo. ors Cla Frming Stain Limite And Hest Treatment Requirements <.-..-. ‘Wild strength Reduction Factors be Applied When Caleulating Maxitoum Allowable Working Presa Mninum Rue The of Cmpenens Fabre With Lng! Seam Weld - Minimum Number of Tzeede For Connection : Superheat Correction Facer, Kee. Supetheat Corcetion Fac, Ky : ‘SuperetealCoreton Factor, ” n ® % 92 ” us us ma rr rrr a 8 3 0 a 5 a 5 146 rr wr 18 1 180 181 183 ass 1s 168 a 2 16 2 a76-6923 Supereritst Creston Fata, K : Pw pws Pw384 Pw.29-2 Pw.a9-3 pws94 pws, Pw397 Pws98 Pw2989 Requled Volume Examination of Wied But ots : ‘Algnmon Tolerance of Sectors to be Butt Welded. ‘Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Treztment of Pressure Pars and Atahments weno Mandatory Reguicmens for Pst eat Teste of Pressure Parte ad aches wpNe. 3 - ‘Mandatory Requirrens for Powel Heat Tresen of Frsture Par and Attachments ‘Mandatory Reguiremtnts for Postweld Heat Treatment of Pressure Parts and Atachments [Mandatory Regirrent or Posweld Heat Tecate f Presta Parte and ttachimants PNG ASE rere Mandatory Reglment or Poseld Heat ‘Tresnen f Presrare Parse tnd Attaches pKa 6 “Mandaory Regiment or Poswald cat Treson of Presvure Pars and tac PN? en Mandatory Regulrment Tor Pasi eat Tretnt ofPrescue Pare and Atco ety a Mandatory Reirrent for Posiweld et Tretment of Pressure Pars and Asche oT PNo 108 a PW.99-10 Mandatory Requrinents for Postweld Het Treatment of Pressure Pats and Athens Pa 10! PW.39-11 Mandatory Requirements for Posted eat Trestmant af Pressure Pts and Atachments PW.39-12 Mandatory Requirements for Postweld Heat Tresan of Pressure Parts a “PN a ‘aeschmence wpNe PW.39-13 Mandatory Requirniats or Postel Hea: Treatment f Pressure Parts and Aachments Pw.39.14 Mandatory Requirements or Postel Heat Teestmen f Pressure Pars aa Attachments pws Pweg PRL PRIS Allowable Stress on fet in Tension — Po Pots aR Fons, mea Pe Pan Pan Pa. Pan Pa Pan Pa Ps Pe 9 Pa wp RaSL ners ee _Atornate Post Het TeectmenéRegurenents for Carbon and Law hiloy Sis ‘Tube Atacment Ang Design Factor, a — Minium Toeess of Butstaps cy coooeeeee ‘Mavieum Design Temperatures [' (or Bring File etal Recommend eit Clearance a raring Temperate. vss. Maimum Dasa Po Ste CO Ceriicateof Conformance for Reaplcation ofthe Cerifation Ma oss sess Manufacturer's Data Repor forall Types of Bors : an “Manufactre’s Data Report forall Types of Electr Biers... a Manufacture’ Data Report for Elec Superbetes and Restore mea Manufacturer's Data Repor for Watertibe oles, Superestrs, Water, nd Economizre nglcering Conacor Data Report fra Complete Boer Unit Manufacturer’ areal ata Report = Manufacture’ Data Repor for Fabrice Piping = anes as Reprod ital Mech Asn in Summary Data Report fr Proce Stam Generators. Manufacturer Dasa Report Supplementary Steet =v sone oo anufoturer’s Dasa Report for Pressure Reb Valves. Manufacture’ or Assembler’ Certate of Confermance for Pressure Rael Vlves «1... Sea a0 ao 208 105 107 108 108 108 0 a0 mu 42 MS a 129 cy 16 18 SESRRS 51 257 259 2 262LIST OF SECTIONS secrioNs. m wm vn x Rules for Construction of Power Boers Matariale «Part A — Ferrous Matorl Spolcatons 1 part 8 — Nonfersous Mater Spefestons {Part C— Speieatons fo Welding Red, loctrodes and Flor Seals ¢ Part D — Properties (Customary + Part — Properties Merc) ale for Consrtion of Nuclear Fact Components «Subsection NCA — General Requirements fr Divison 1 and Division 2 + Appenies| Dison 1 ~ Subsection NB— Clas 1 Components Subsection NC— Cass 2 Components Subsection ND — Cas 3 Components Subsection NE — Cass MC Components Subsection NF — Supports Subseation NG — Core Support Structures Subsection NH — Cass 1 Component in Blevate Temperature Service + Distion 2-~ Code for Concrete Containents * Dission 3 — Containment for Transporation and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level Radioactive Matera and Waste Rules for Construction o Heating Bolles Nondestructive Exasnation ‘Recommended Rules forthe Care and Operation of Heating Bolles Recommend Guidlines fr the Cae of Power Ballers Rules for Contraction of PresireVoseie Dirsion 1 1 Disson 2 — Alternative Rules * Divison 3— Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels Wilding, rang and Pasig Qualifications ber Relforced Paste Pressure Vessels les for Inservice Inspection of Nucear Power Plant Crrponents Rules for Contraction and Connued Service of Transport Tals0 INTERPRETATIONS. ASME issues wrton reps to Inulios concerning interpretation of technic aspects ofthe Code. Interpretations othe Code ae posted n January and jl tht /estolsasmoearg/ntrprettions.fm. Any Inverpr- ‘ations sed during the previous two calendar yes ae Snldde with he publication ofthe appliable Seton of he (Coda. Interpretations of Section Il, ivstons I and ? and Section I Appendoes are fnsaded with Subsection NCA. CODE CASES ‘The Boer and Presure Vest Code comtees moot regulary to consider propased adios ad revisions tthe Code and to formulate Cases to lary the inte of existing requirements or provide, when te ned ir urgent, roles for materiale or constructions not covered by evsting Code rules. Those Cases that have Been adopted vl spear fo ‘he appropriate 2013 Coe Cases ook “Bolles and Pressure Vessel” or "Nuclear Components Supplements vl be Sen automasaly the purchases of the Code Cazes books upc the publiaton ofthe 2015 Cae.a FOREWORD (This Boceword i provided stan sd to the user and ie not part ofthe rules ofthis Code) ‘In 1911, The American Society of Mechanical Enginers established the Roller and Presure Vessel Commute to or. ‘multe standard rules or the construction of steam bles and eter pressure vessel. In 2008, the Boer and Presse ‘estl Commitee wor superseded by the following committees: (@) Commitee on Power Boilers (0) (©) Commitee on Natori (0) (@ commines on Construction of Nuclear Fact Components (1 (@) Commitee om Heating Bales (1) (@) Commitee o» Nondestructive Examieation (Y) @ Commitee on Pressure Ves VI) G@) Commitee on Welding rating and Fusing (09 (0) conmitee on Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessel () @ Commitee on Nace Ineevce Inspection (1) ©) Commitee on Transport Tanks Wihere references made to "the Commitee” in thls Foreword ech ofthese commtens is incued inavidualy and callecively ‘The Commlteo's function Isto establish rules of safety relating ony to pressure integrity, which govern the construction’ of blr, pressure vessel tanspot tanks ad mudear composes, andthe inservice Inspection of {Gear componenss and wansport tanks. The Commitee also iterprets these rules when question arse regarding hei Intent Ths Cade does nat adres other safety issues rating to the contruction bales pressure vesrele transport tanks, oF mucaar components, a the inzervce Inspection of ler components or anspor tanks Users ofthe Code shoul refer to the pertinent codes sanded, laws relation, rater reran ovuments frst feos other than ‘ose elting to pressure iter. cept fr Sections MT and HI and witha few ether exceptions the rales donot, of racial neces elect the ieibod and consequence f deterioration in serie relied specie core or txteral operating environment, I formulating the rules, the Commitee considers the needs of users manufacturers, and inspectors of pressure vessels The bjctive of te rules to afford reasonably crt protection of fe and prop "ey, ant provide a margin fr deterioration in serie to gv a reasonably lng ste partd of usehiness. Advance ‘ent in deign and materns and evidence of experience have been recania ‘hls Code contains mandatory reqlrements, pectic prohbitons, an ponmundstor guidance for contruction av es apd inservice inspection and testing activites The Code doesnot adares al apes of these sete and those ‘spect that ar not specially addressed should tot be considered prolubted The Cade ents handbosk and cannot ‘place eduction experince, and the use engineering judgment The phrase engineering gent refers ec) Fotpnents made hy Inowledgesble engineers erpeinced tn the applic of the Code Brgnering judgments mt be ‘nite wis Cede phlosophy, and such udgents must never be ued to verale mandatory rqaiement or pene robo of the Code ‘The Commitee recognizes the tools and technique ued for design and analy change as techclogy progresses and ‘expt eginors to use god Judgment inthe application ofthese tok. The designe responsible for complying with (ade rules and demonstrating complance with Cade equations when such equations are mandatory The Cade neler requis noe probit the use of computers forthe design oF anayss of components constructed the requirements ofthe Code. However designers and engineers using computer programs for sign or analysis ar outioned that they fare espensible oral technical sssupuans inherent inthe programs they we andthe applation of these programs 8 hel design ~Canractn ed thFrvor en abet em camping mer eg bon mat spon in. a‘The ues etablishd by the Commas are not tobe etrpreted a approving recommending, endorsing hy o- prety or spec design ofa tng in any way the mankfacturers reedom to cave any med of design o ny form of construction that conforms othe Carles ‘Th Comite meets regulary to consider revisions ofthe rules ne rules 2 tated by tecnologia development Code Cases. and requests fr interpretations. Only the Comite has the auchary to provide ola iterpretatons of this Code. aquest fr revisions, new ues, Cte Cases, or ntorpetstions shal be sddresed tothe Secretary in rng snd shall give fl patiaars In erder to rceve consideration abd acon (Se Suita of Teehnicl Inglis to the Boer and Pressre Vessel Standards Commitee) Proposed esos othe Cde esting fom ins wl be ee “sed to the Commie for appropriate ction The acten of the Commitee becomes eee aly afer confirmation By Balla e comme snd approtal by ASME Proposed revisions tothe Code spproved by the Commitee ar submited tothe American National Standards Institue (ANSI) and published at hitp://estotsarmeorg/esconnoct/publin- excloePubliceview=Revisions to vite commments fom ll interested persons. Aer pub review andl s9Pr0a) "yy ASME, revisions are plished at regular itrvalsnEduons of the Cade. “The Committee dacs hot rale on whether 2 componens shale hall not be constacted to the provisions of he Cage ‘The sope ofeach Section hasbeen established te deny the components an parser onideed bythe Commie Informing te Code rules. ‘uostions or sues regarding compliance of specie component wit the Cade rules ar tobe dst to the ASME ‘erieate oder (Hanufotre) Ings conersing the earpreation ofthe Code are tobe drected othe Commi ‘ee. ASME isto be nti should quastons aie conserning improper ase of an ASME Cera Marke ‘When required by conten this Section the singular shall be interpreted asthe plural an vce vers, and the fm Inne, mascline or neuter gender hall be rested a sich ater Render a poropiats‘STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF THE CERTIFICATION MARK AND CODE AUTHORIZATION IN ADVERTISING ASME has established procedure to authori gulf ganizations to peform various cts in aeconance with the requirements of the ASME Boler and Pressure Vessel Cce, es the aim of the Socaty to provide recognition of ifzations so authorized An organization balding authorzaion to perform various atts i accordanes with the fleets ofthe Code may stat hs capably i ts adveresng erature Orginzations tat re authored to use to Corian Mark for marking es constructions tat have ben can structed end inspected in compliance wit the ASME Boer and Pressure Vesel Code ate sed Cerifeats of tor lation Is tha am ofthe Soca to malatale the standing ofthe Certieaon Mark forthe bene ofthe ers, the norman jurists, and the hairs of te Cerieaion Mar who comply wrth al requirements Based on hese cjetives, the follwing policy has ben established onthe wage In averting of facil ofthe certieation Mark, Corifises of Auta, and reference to Cade construction The American Soy of Mehans Engines doos mat "approve “erator endare” any iem, construction ora and hee sal ben tate sens oF inplistions that might so nde. An orgaizaton holding the Certfcation Slark and/or a Cartes of ‘Auchoration may state fn advertising Ieratie that ems, consretons or acres “ae ul produced or per formed) oe aesvites condicted in secordance with the requirements ofthe ASME Boller and Pressure Vesel Cade” for eet the reqirements of the ASME Boiler and Presrure Vere Coda” An ASME corporate logo shall ot be used "The Crifstion Mark stall be ase only fr stamping and nameplates s spell protded i the Cole. However, facsimles maybe used or the purpose of festering the seo such construcson. Such sage may be by an asacaton oF 3 scl, or by ldo of to Ceriieation Marc who may aso use the focal is advertising to show tht ery spe ‘io Roms wl cary the Cerseacon Mark General usage's permitted only when ll fa maafctare’ ts 3 0 ‘STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF ASME MARKING TO IDENTIFY MANUFACTURED ITEMS ‘The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides ules fer the contruction of bles, pressre veel and nicest empooens his icles reqlrements for mater, design fabrication examination, nepecton, snd amping Rem fenstrctd in accordance wit alo the applicable rules of he Code re wend wih the offal Cerio Mark ecrbed in the goveraing Seton ofthe Cae Marking chee ‘ASME? “ASME Standard or any ther marking incuding ASHE” orth Crifcation Mark stall not be used on any lem tate not constructed i accordance with allo the applicable regurenentso the Code tems shall ote desrbed an ASME Data Report Forms nor on sie for referring o ASME that on op tat all Cae requirements have been ret when fn fc they ave not boo Data Report Fors coverages tly co ving wit ASME reguirement sould not reler to ASME or they should ceri identify al exceptions to the ASME CCw » SUBMITTAL OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES TO THE BOILER AND © PRESSURE VESSEL STANDARDS COMMITTEES 1 INTRODUCTION (2) The folowing information proves guidance to Code ses forsubmting toric ngs to the comnts, Se Guideline onthe Approval of New Materia Uncer th ASME Bor and Pesrure Vessel Cde in Section Pats Cad D for addtional requtrersent for requss involving aiding new mate tothe Coe. Techical inguin requests for evsionsor aaluons tothe Cade ule, quests fo Code Cases, and reste for Cad interpretations, dered teow (2) code Revisions Code eisions are considered to accommodate tecnologia derelopmneats adres afte tive equrenens, incorporate Cade Cates, orto day Cod intent (2) cade cass Coe Cases represent aernatves or a8tns to eting Code ules Code Cases ae writen a 2 ‘uetian and reply, an are uly intended tobe ocerprated ito the Codes later dae When sed Cade Caves pre Senbe mandstory requirements in the same sense as the tet af the Cod. However, ses ar aon that ot or Indctons or owaers automaticly accep Code Cases. The most common applications for Cade Cases ate (6) to permit ary implementation of an approved Cade revision based on an urgent aced (8) perm he use of new mater fer Code anstrveton () gun experience with new materials a teraative rues prio incorporation decyl the Cade (2) Code nerpretatons Code lterpretations provide catiaton ofthe meaning of existing rales inthe Code and ‘are also presented in question and ep format Interpretations donot intodce new requiremen, In caes where Ibn Cade eat doe aot aly contey te mening tar was tended, a Tevson ofthe es eg a sport Interpretation ap Intent Inerpreation ll be sued andthe Ce wl be seine (2) The Code aes Cade Cases, and Cole Interpretations extablihed by the commits arent to be considered as approving recommending certljing or endorsing any proprietary or spec desig, ra iting in any way te foe dom ofranafatres constructors or aera chose any method of esgn or any form of constriction tet ons tothe Code rules, (6) inquires ea do not comply wit these provision or that donot provie suficient information for &commts’s full understanding may res hte request bring returned tothe ingure wa no acon 2 INQUIRY FORMAT Submits oa commie sal inte (a) Purpose. Spey oe ofthe fllowing (2) reson of preset Cac als £2) new or aditona Code rele (3) Code case (4) Code ieterpretation (2) Bachoound Provide he iormaton needed forte commits’ understanding ofthe lng, beng sre neue relerence tothe appliable Cod Seton, Divsion, Elion, Addenda (i appliale), paragraphs, Sgurs and tables, Pr {erably provide a copy of te specif referenced portions of the Code (6c) Presemaions Te inquirer may dsr or be asked tated «meting of the comntee to make formal presets tion ort answer qustons fromthe commits members with regardto the inguy. tenance at commie meeting ‘lle atte expense of the ingle. The inquires altendance oko atendane at meeting sal not bea bas fo ‘cceptance oe ecton of the nary by the commas3. CODE REVISIONS OR ADDITIONS: Requests fr Code revisions o aitons sal provide the flowing (Proposed terion or Adtons Fr revisions, identity the rules ofthe Code tha require revision and submit a opy of the appropriate rule as they appear nthe Code, rearkt up with te proposed version. Fr addons, provide the Fecommended wording referenced tothe exiting Code rules, (2) Statement of Nec Provice a bri explanation of the ned forthe revision or adlion (e) Background toformaion. Provide background information o support the revsion a addon lading any data or changes in technology tat fr to bass or he request hat wil low the commit to adequately ovate the ro- pase revsion or addition Steches, abe, Egures and gras sould be subnated as appropriate. When applicable Identify any pertinent paragraph in the Cade tat would Wo afected bythe revision oration and deny parsraphe ‘nthe Code that reference the paragraphs that are to be revised or ae, 4 CODE CASES Roquess for Coe Cases shall provides Statement of Need and Background information simiar to tat defined in 30) 0d 30 respectively for Cade revsons er dons. The urgency ofthe Code Case eg, projet underway ot amines, ‘now procedure etc) met be defined and must be confirmed thatthe rues sin connection with equa ha ‘oar the Certcaton Mark, with he exxption of Seetion XI sppictions The propose Coe Care should Ment te (Code Section and Division, and be writen a5 a Question and a Repl inthe same format as enstng Cade Cases Requests for Gade Cases shoulda indicate the apie Coe Eons and Aden (if apple) to whic the proposed Cade ase applies. 5 CODE INTERPRETATIONS. () Requests fr Cade interpretations shal provide he folowing: (2) aur. Peovidea condensed ana precise question omit superiuous background information and, when pos- sie onposed a sucha int aye" nu" Rey, ls re proves Knee, eaeapeable Te gueeton snd betechncally and editorial correct (21 Rep Pre proposed Rel tat wil larly and consely answer the Inguty question, Prefers the Rely Should be "yes" or "no" with bref provisos needed. (@) Background Information. Provide any background lfermaton that wil sist the commie in understanding the proposed Inn’ end Reply (0) Requoss fer Code Interpretations mst be ited to an nerpretation os partcalar requirement inthe Code oF & Cote Case. To camitee cant consider consuling type request such asthe lowing (ja review of calculations, dsign reengs, welding qualeatons, of deserptions of equipment or parts to deter tie complance with Cade regalremente (2) a request for asistance in performing any Code prescribed fancions relating but nt ted ome = twcton, desis,ealulstions,fabreaton ispecon pressure testing, or instalation, (3) request coking the ational for Code requirements 6 SUBMITTALS Submits to and responses from the commits shall mest he flowing {) Submit toques trom Code uses shal bn English and profersby be submitod In ypewrten orm: however, leita handwritten ngs wil aso be conridered. They sal nade he name, addres, tlepone nue, nm be, and eal adres, avalable of he inquirer an be mallet the flowing adress: Secetary ASME Boer and Pressure Vessel Commits “Two Par hvonae Now York NY 100265950 ‘Asan aernativ, nguies may be submit via malt: Secreta BPV@asne.rg (0) Response Th Secretary ofthe appropiate commit sll acnowiedge ecto each property prepared inquiry nd shall provide a ween response tothe ingute upon completion af the requered acon by ye commie. ©oy PERSONNEL ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees, ‘Subgroups, and Working Groups Fansary 3, 2013 ‘TEAL OMS WANN COMMITEE (TOME sux conreneercxour 1 roa Oe peta xine ar ie Xian char Geter [Steamer Sp Sartey 2 hae 1Stiambewe ef ean WH Stet O RE Presa Sa {unter Tne Cem Doon i es te cect, Reaoes trea set we Tete Rive Ek ages — cto {LW eer Ha Cte sense sumo LESS FP atom MH fowad Meh oan a ied ss ee aaa wise hee ion 1 Saag Sen oo a TiS eee! ENS” SSMOTRES yeti be ous cme [Sromionce a Sere Cpa wre Mon ie" shim Be ee OQ im bray ooo sue wise oo =,REET TAN O HYDROGEN TNS Sag Gera Reuramens BY eceeeeeeeeneeees SSMces Nt Cc Me See ce, EA ioe Aiken BRR Game amie ies og Meter See Seagate ‘ae ies ta ge ieee Lae step tne mre YD Ns SES ato eel ay sche” NE, Sy i= ee ee ae ee Sewanee EME ae tebe Rb Shade Cc Sere 2 Tampin comers ones or REMC eine FA ial ‘Subgroup on Lcamote Ballers (V0) iiss tte SW. Cameren LT Pllow arian 1% Rommsh BA nance Ave tbs al osama hes inst. Tle he ss he od a = MA Et cnanig amir CO) tease at ERS bere ey naa te ere ti he a te sae 9 Heo Hecwor ke Serop onDsten CV Pra aan PA Mats Coir Mose Kayes 1. LAR ey Ea ht sen ‘som 8 oO SE omen ‘uteroap on Frans saint (1) ioe or tse Heed Seng te tnwe subeap St Baler (Ercan ey Creme ae hee Re help Evimmaian Seriya Cer Rie Bie ea C ehalren RY Welgmeakt Dt kee Irae2B en ir Reclaim iin Sor hots ewotmer Pcl Frrcame Better ‘connrre oN ATA cE ‘Bla ci ne Stoa Ne Sa Sey ican eae Ser beeen 2 om at bet cmen tan ogee ee serpy tram ‘rnd bv cin Soe nee resi ine nme Meer met Ech Ena Brent £ Dp ort hear a Eocene ser wee waar ineey ae fae) imho ete Ec hohr fA No our er Eine tpn cry ster Habs ‘i Eee ocean Sura oer Pres (BH) ea cr Gg Mer Prem Surges cnn Vie ent Sto omnes (BV ED seomeey tim, Hite SNS Peer eon ee i= Moe Se santo = Ee i £2Blne iS ne a faced ae -bolype welded connection to Flgure PW-163, and stray revised and redesignated ustrations() and (2) as 9-1) and (2-1), respectively Revised PW-166 to include reference to new dustratons (2) and (22). Revised Pw-403 to elude No.1 all groups. Added new subparagraph PW-40:34(@) (Change the word stesso "ustation’ in gues PW-18, PUES, and A. Deleted PFT-S2 [Addo Table 39-12 showing mandatory postweld heat weatment requirments fr P-N0. 43. Revised PHRSG3.1 and aed PHRSG3'5 soa when the HRSC sa mulile-pressue stan gears tor (ee PG-10612) the requirements of PIRSG-3 apply onl tothe supereater sections ofthe hgh pressure section and tothe rebeate. Drain requirements of PO-394 are applicable fr supereater econ net covered by HRSG ‘Added $4390 to PCS. atoll corrected dscipcon of unit conversion in PC-682.300. atrial corrcted PVCS Revised 66, 4-67, and A-69 to correc identi ars avalabe in welds and to correct eference In ‘ft ner ile ‘Changed the term ‘aye penctrant' to qui ponorant” in P6-252.23, P2522, and PBA83, tn 96312 aad P34 eelaced cose reference to lta gf Figure P31 ath relrence to ‘lustations (gt) and (62) Revised Table PW39-2 fo impose carbon content hntaton on the pressure pat Revised 6-69. to refer plt-operted pressure ri ales ony mata correction. See Suamatyof Changes for deta ‘Added "on the sue component (eg, drum, economizer, superheate, tc) to second paragraph of Por, PoRecord Number 1453 user 493 1-602 ame na 1882 11-806 nit mans a1210 ana maas as? ses snasee aus? aun 987 atis78 ieee ase aia wie ae 12450 ae 12369 2399 change ‘Moved the marking requirments or organic fd vapors from PVGT2S to PG-110(0) whe her service marking requirements. Felton revseé PC-110(@() and PG-10(0)(3). nat coecion See Summary of Changes for dal. In second paragraph of P6273, changod the eros-efrences“P6-162, PG-163, and PG-164" to "Po63,PG-44 and 76-165" Revised P6-323.2 to sperm In tems of inde dames, Changed post weld" “postin PW-383, PH-S8432 PW-595.1.2, PW-395.2, PW-2953, nd Table Porat Revised PW.271 fo Include the hyd plasma gas meal are welding proses Corrected the tte of ASME B16-1-2010 to “Gray iron Pipe Hanger snd langed Ring” instead of “cat ron Pipe Flanges and Page ings in G8, 0-401, PO-424 ed Table A360 Upse Table A360 to vference ASME 81634-2009 and the 2009 Supple. Updated Table A360 to eference ASTM 126-2006 (R209). ‘Replaced tha sentence in Part PR dretng Cade utes tothe 1971 aon of Sesto I wih the mod rized Pat PA Added Mandatory Appendix V. hdd A trough 46 sad 7S to Nonmandatoy Appendts Changed the terms “inspect” and “inspection” to examine’ and “examination” respectively, a Poab.21, Pe25213, PO-25214, P62522, P2522 thorough PG-25224, PG 93, 98.1, PW.A87.1, PW-4472, PH-449, P49 and endnote 33. Changed the term "the close examination to the close visual examination" i FO-99 2. changed the term “esting” to “examination” In PG-252.24, P4481, and P44 82 Changed th word done" perormedinPO-252.24 Chat sed the term “inspection” f "vs examination” in PE-32. Amended P49 to ctf the val ex {mination performed by the Manufacture. Revs P6110 e rqule meta nepates, dary Crtifcaton Mark and" Desigstrapplkaton, and perm alternate metods of marlag of boiler presse ei aes ‘Updated cross-references to 6-274 subparagraphs 9 P27 1. Correctd cross-reference toPG274 ‘slbparagraphs in PC-27.22 Deleted “Nate” designation rom PO-17.4 subparagraph and revised text Sipe In 27410. Corrected cromreferenca PG? 215, Noe i fe PWLALL Revised definion of i PFT-27-1 and roved Figure PET-27 Changed ross-telerence"PG-677 to “P7324” in POAZAAL, ‘Erattcorrction. Se Summary of Canges for deals ‘Revised Table PW-39-, Genera Notes (a1) an (a() to reference PW.393 forthe dfiiton ofthe nominal hclnes of» wel Added SA/GB 713 In P-.. [Exata correction Soe Summary of Changes for deta 66923, revised Stunts or 1.500 psig and 3200 pai to MPa gage. Added mito tous oe ‘ection factor only fits eater than or equal fo 1.0. ‘ded units of mexsre to the norenlsture of PW 43.1.1, PW43.1.2, and PW-43.24 Add the com ‘stant "tthe equation and nomncatre I PW-43.24, pdt Figure PW-432 and paras. A772 1734, an AT Revised PC-32.12 and PO-32.1.4 that gg piles only to P.82:.4 Removed the P3212 re. _girement in PO-521 and P63. rat corection Soe Summary of Changes for details torial revised PW.3 to remove he exception a provdedin the previous P9322 and replace it ‘rh there fron the ew P92, ‘aed new paregraps PEE. rats cprection- See Surry of Change for dtl ‘Added 1, NPS, 17 NPS, nd 2 NPS alert the table a PO-2958.2. ‘Updated Table A360 wo rference ASTM 39-2007 ‘Uae reference in Tale A360 for. ASTM 63.2004 to ASTM B8/RSY-11, ‘Added ASME B1812-1972 (2006) and ASTM E909 to Table A360. In Table 7-20, linnae reference to Grade 92 and added reference to Note (2) to Grae ‘Grouped together all requirements forthe number of required gage glasses n PG-60.1.1. Renumbered "660.6 and 96-0117, ana changod the cosseerences ix 9680.37 and PG 60.37. scaring ‘rata correction, Se Summary of Changes ordeals Cc O° oOosord Number 24m 0 12533 am 29148 2975 2790 296 moe wz1193 i264 seam wins wie wan reas rae 121517 i258 12519 121820 waist 21828 w2ss7 szassa ies ras saaseo ras x27 124057 cn edad dimension npn ow oie F-S3.8tFor psbe® Dead etn InWesS2" Rvoed FSS29 eheetey, Change eo saan Spectro S69 3548 n tone rine Weal Stel Paes {er ecue Soap” ‘Sat cometin ee Samar of Cage for dais Due the words Table? of rem 20492 soit ow reads: “The imam wal kaos of ‘Snot pp ne ASHE B3GI0ME ktnged crow eeence “P1340 cPU-134" i PO-904.91 Delt eran ferent uraes nur aet (P¥-205 no longer ea). "age teeing Dion 1 apes econ I Apenins "Er cometon ee umn huge fer eta Revel #6163 essing at emi tins fr pert han NSS eased on te Suter tn (om) othe nema hear ostanr al piped in AME 636100, ime Modes P1051 oe Destin of “bl tama? Bir crcl. Se mayo Changes date Stan carton. Se Summary of hangs or dei hanged ein rene POLE, PCL, P23, PBS and 7-282 ee w allot ‘Stn ane P24 tec 1062 fr th econ om etree estan by ove Marte Changed cosrsferenee P0324 t0"P021409" in P0353, Etc constr “ig PE, oaton ("gre P32, craton (eT. evel the uo S266 nF 9 to “cron Se Pring or rene Yess Conpone thoi o 40 ‘Any Sarg or Presa ghempery Pcs InsP coecte enscerece gre PAST oP PAB ad cone he maton frets ome Saher Ups ale 60 rence 2012 Eied coves Peat P87 ond P49 0 P9049, Added cross rfonces F992, Fess and 7b. to Poon... aed cross eetrenes Poo, P20 Ftd snd ANS Pootit Aled cosretrnee PE9S1, P44 rand F448 t P9012. And cos eens PB, OUDD PHRF aod PED to C9043 Abed orerelerence PLAS Fess0ii¢ nd 8690435 Changed ere rafrence "P4032" t-0" mn PESO {tod al 60 rece Ae es 2 Upnted ale he etree ASME e203 Updo Tale 0 aerence ASME e283 {plated Tale het rene ASME BIEAS 042 Uplate ale ew reece ASME 81624-2011 Updste ale wo serence ASME BI6422011 Updated Tale how etree ASME Be 104008 (2010, eel Mandstoy Append with gio the eppenton oft Cerfeton Mar Revel sso: see thaws nd bth compen nile a oon tad apie Update al 60 a efrence ASHE 1:20:19 (208) Ded the presen om Subang th ae an rire ‘sl mney ton ater: ae Mansy Ape Fetoratp nme peaaz ma eaten ved fs tetenceef FW sete the ssguent wo ubpsrgraphs Revd es 71 Sewagh As tobe sepre fes. Era rvand Pa a 9H1363. Eat cet Se ima of ge fr ural revised AME SA rata pcheno sn 99 and 2 to emai consent ‘ith nml pcentlon is ASME Seon a A nd Par Tove he ne rad Ginn 76273 f= erat of fader 09-8 {ture eynde for pipe, the ide dase he amin ouside rads mise ‘oa al lasRecord Number i200 na21 9 on Revised the dimension betvoon the shel and manway i igure 16, aarti (@). Correia mete qutalent of length mension in Figure A19, lotion (8). Daleted reference to PATA nthe In at rata correction See Smmaryof Changes for dtl rata correction. See Smmaryof Changes for dtl“ qs) CROSS-REFERENCING AND STYLISTIC CHANGES IN THE BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE ‘There have been structural and stylistic changes to BOVE, starting whe 2013 Addenda at shoul be noted od navigating the contents The flowing ean overview ofthe changes: ‘Subparagraph Breakdowns/Nested Lists Hierarchy Frstlevel breakdowns are designated a (3), (2 eat nthe past Secondevel breaiowns are designated a (1) (2) (3) tea nthe past Third lea reakdowrs ae ow designated a (9), CB, C2 ee Fourt-eve breakdown ae ow designated 8 (1), (2), (3a Fiore! brakes ace now designated a (9), (0) (0), Srvlvel bres kdowns are nw designated a (3), (2) ee Footnotes With the exception of hate included in the font mater (oman-qumbered pags) al footnotes are tested a en notes Te endnotes ne referenced in netic onder and appent tthe end ofeach OPV ecton/sabeetion ‘Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boller and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees. ») ‘Subtat f Teena! Inquire Holer and Presure Ves StandarsCommtoes has been moved tthe front, ratte Ths information now appear ial Hele Code Sains (excep fr Code Cas book). Cross-References ‘ti aur intention to estab ces reference lin fanesonalty inthe eueat eton and moving forward To faite this, eru-ralerence sens changed Cros references withina subsection or subartie'e wl nt inca the designator) ‘tier of tat subeecon/svbatle Examples flow 1 Sub: Paragraph rs References Te rose reference to subparagraph breakdowns wil flow te blerarchy othe ‘lesgnators der which the breakdown appears i subparagraph Ca) appears n 3) andi reference in X1(0() 1 lhe reference a (2). I subparagraph Ca) appears in XA(E)C) bat referenced in 12), be eeerenced as (1) TF subparagraph (3) appears n XAG) but referenced in Xe) 1), # wl be referenced as (9 IF sparegrph (3) appears in X3(0)Q) bute referenced n32()2), wl be efarenced es X2(Q(0) 3 + EqwationCratefrenes. The coss-eferences to equtons wil follow the same loge. Forex (2) ap- pes inX(3)1) buts referenced in X1(b), wll be referenced as (210 et (1) appears XAG) Batis rerened ina front subsection sre /pargrap, wl be retereeed 89, X1()((0,INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANKPART PG GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION GENERAL such thermal Muld hester may be constructed and caiiecern "np in accordance wh he Seton, provided all ab= ‘The equrements of Part 6 aply to power bolls and igh pressure high-temperature water boilers and to arts snd appurtenances ther sd sal be sedi 30 faneion wat the spetic requirements in the spoliable Parts of his Seewo that pera othe methods of eon- strveson use| PG-2 SERVICE LIMITATIONS PG-24 The ruler of this Section are applicable w the folowing services (bier whch seam or other vapors pentated at apresure of mre ton 13 pag (100K) forse enteral tote @) high-temperature water bolers intended for opera- stom aepressures exceeding 150 Pog (11 Ma) and/or tempermtares exceeding 50°F (120°) 722 Forsercestelow those specified in PGI lelnended that rsler of Secon V apy however, bors forth serces may be contructd ad stamped In 2 erdance with hr Secon provided al pple requo- 6-23. cilaype hot water Biles where the water can fla a steun when eased cre othe a0 sphere through a manvaly operated nozle may be x “mpted (rom the rules of this Section provided the following conditions ae wet (0) Tere no drum, Header, or oter steam space (2) No steam is generated win te co. (6) Tubing outside diameter doesnot exceed 1 in. mm. (@) Pipe sine doas not excod NPS, (ON 20). {@) Nominal water capacity doesnot exceed 6 gal ey. Wate temperature doesnot excoed 350° (175°, {Adequate prossre role! valves and controls are provided PG-24_ The rules ofthis Section are not intended to apply to thera id hetes in whidh i other han ‘water i ested by the appleation of eat resulting rom the combustion of ol ligula or gaseous fuel but in ‘ich no vapartaton of he Tl takes pace; however, iene requirements are met. PG-3 REFERENCED STANDARDS ‘Th Manulactrer hal stable the eectve Code = tion ded and Cade Css fortllrs andreplaement parsinseordance with Mandatory Appenix Wi. Specific ‘alos of standards referenced ins Sotion re shown in Table 8300 PG-4 UNITS. Either US. Customary, Sl, o any loa exstomary units maybe used to demonstrate eomplance wth a rete ent of ti edition (2, ter, desgn fabrication ‘mination, inspection, esting cates, and over= pressure Tn genera is expected that single syst of units halle ured forall aspect of dasignexcpt where unfea- ‘hie orimpractial. When components are manufacared St dierent locations where local castomary wats red [erent than thre ued forthe general desig the load tne may be sed for the design and documentation of that componeat. imlarly, for peoptetry components tr those uniguely aot wih syste of units eer- ft than that so forthe general design, the alternate Units maybe se or the Sesign and documentation of that component. Foray single uation al variables shal be expressed sna ingle pst f unt When separate equations are provided for US Cartomary abd St uni, hose equations hist be executed wring varlables inthe units associated ‘wth the specie equation. Data expressed in ater uns ‘hall be converte to US. Customary or $1 unt for ase In these equation, The rel obtained from execution tthe equstons may be covered 0 oer unis Production, measurement and tst equipment raw ngs, welding prosedore pescatons, weg proce fod performance qualifeatons, and ther fariestion Alocurente may be in US. Castomary, SL oF local custo ‘sty unite im accordance withthe fabriator' practice. ‘Wien values shor in soutians and aalss able ton documents or measurement and tes eqpoent are In different units, any conversions necessary (or201 seen) verieaton of ade compllanc and ensure tha dimen- Sonal cnsstncy Is malatained, shall be in accordance wit the folwange {@) Conversion factors shall be accra to atest four sgniteane gue (@) he eesltsofconvorsons of wits shall be ex prec toa minima of thee sigan ges ‘Conversion of units sng the preston speed above salle performed tense tat denne consistency IsimaintiedConersio factors between US Customary snd St units maybe found in A391 through £393 of Nonmandatory Appendix A Whenever loa customary nits are used the Manufctrer shall provide te source ‘ofthe conversion factors which skal be subj veri tion and accoptance by he Astnorindinpactor oF Cert fed naval. Matern that ha been manufactured and certied to cither the US. Customary or SH material specication 6g, S4-515K0 ay be uot regardless ofthe nit sytem ‘son desig Standard iting og lange lows te) that have boon ceried to ether US. Customary or St uns may be used regardless of te unit ystems ip sig “Alene na Manafctrers Data Repor and daa for Code equred nameplate marking sl be nuit consi tent with the fbrieaton drawings forthe component ‘using US, Customary Sor ea eastomary uit eae ‘capable to show alternate units parently Users of {hls Code are cautioned that ce eceving Joredcion ‘Should be coma to ensure the unit re aeapable, (MATERIALS: PG-5 GENERAL PG-5.1 Except as otherwise permitted in P82, 6.83, POO, and PO-11 material bjt ostres dle topresurshalleonfirm io ane ofthe pecetons gen InSecton and shale med t thor tht ae ted In ‘the Toles of Section I Pr. The Manfacuer shal ee ‘sure that the correct materi hat Been received aid properly identified before proceeding with constuction {Go 3024). Matra shal ot be ed at temperatures ove hose or which stra aloe ae ind fr Section Teonstuction, nthe Tables of Section I Part Specie additonal requirements described in PGs through oS shal be met ae appsble PG-5.2 Material covred by specifications i Section Is mot ested as tothe metho of prdeon unless so-staod inthe spaction, and a longa the product ols wit the requirement ofthe speciation. PG-53_ UC inthe development ofthe ataf alle con: stroccon iis desire te materi othe than those herelndescebed data shoslé be submited tothe Baller land Pressure Versel Committe naccordance withthe re ‘utrements of Agpendie 5 of Section I Part. Matera ‘not completa ened wih any approved Cade spc ‘ations may be used inthe constuction of oles under the condone otned in P10 PG-5.4_ Size Limits and Tolerances. 'PG-5.4.1 Materials outido the iis of sxe or ‘Gickness given nthe ie or Scope ase a any specie ‘atlon in Section may be sed te mater com Dilance withthe other roquirements ofthe speciation, fnd no similar limitation Is given inthe rales for PG5.42 Pipe having tolerance of 21% on ether ‘the OD. o the LD, rather than the tolerance pede in ‘the material specifzauon, may be wd provded the tere complies with al other requirements af he speci cations. When used under external pressure, such pipe Sal be Limite to maxima of 24 bs (60 mn nine ‘meter. The pipe sal include the designation 1% 0D. or 196 1D, a appropriate. in any required documentation and enn of the seri, PGS. These of austentic toy sale pert for bolle pressure pars that ar steam touche! in otal ‘operation. Except as specifically provided tn PG3.1., PO-12, and PEB-S3, te eof such austenite ays fo boler pressure pars tat re ater wetted a normale oes prohibited” 6-56 PoNo. SE, Group 1 Materials. P65. If curing aap phase of manuacurng oF rection any portion af he component tht does no fo {ain a weld I heated to tcmperstare greater thes 11470°F (800°C), one ofthe faloting ations shall be perormed: (@) The component sll be reaustentined and reten ered ints entroty in atcordanee with te spelcaton Feguirement. (@) That portion oF the component heated above ATW (800 ncing the hetatacted zone crested ‘bythe local heating mst be replaced or muse be eave ‘eaustentieed and retempered in aecordanes withthe Speciation requtements and then replaced i the Component (6 tthe allowable strese ales tobe wear less than orequal to thote provided in Tale 18a Seton I, Pare D forGrade9 (eg. Sh 21373 84-335 P, or quale ro- duet pesicatons) atthe design terperstare then there ‘quirements state above maybe wale, provided tat the orton ofthe component heated above 1 470°F (B0"C) is etempered In accordance with he speciation reqs ‘ant The use ofthis proviso hl noted onthe Ma facture’ Date Report P6562 i during any phaso of manufacturing or 02) ‘rection ofthe component any porto that os onan 2 wo heated above 1445°F (765°C) chen the equ: Inent of Notes (3) and (4) of Table BH-29-5 for Fea, 158, Group 1 Materials, shal apply fr ceheat testmene C6-6 PLATE P61 Steal plates for any part of «ote subject to pressure, whethor or ot exposed othe fire or products of {ombuston, shall be of pressure vessel quali In acor- ‘dance with one ofthe flowing speciation: 'SA-202 Pressure Verse Plates, Alloy Stel, Chromium Manganssescon ‘SA-204, Pressure Vessel Plates, Alloy Steel, Maden ‘A210, Type 405 ony) Pressure Vessel Plates Alloy Stoel Forse Stainless}, Chroma 'SA-2AS, Pressure Vessel Paes, Carbon Ste, Low-and Inearmodite Tense Strength '$4-299, Pressuve Vessel Plates, Carbon Stecl Mangenese icon 58-302, Pressure Vessel Mates, Alloy Sts Manganese Molybdenum and Manganese Moiybdeousr- Nike, 4-387, Pressure Vessel Plates, alloy Steel, (Chromiam-lybdenun ‘SW-515, Presrure Versl Plates, Carbon Stel or Iotermedte and Higher Temperate Service ‘S516, Pressure Vessel Plates, Carban Stel, for Moderate and Lower Temperate Service SSA/AS 1548, Fine rained, Weldable Stel Plates for Pressare Buipment 'SA/BN-10028-2, Fat Products Mado of Stel for Pres: sure Purposes ‘S/0B 715, See Pau or Boles and Presse Vases A/S G5138, Carbon Stel Pate for Pressure Vessels for teoediat and Moderate Temperture Serice 6-7 FORGINGS 6-72 Seales tel drum forgings made accor dance with $826 or Carbor-Stzl and SA-336 for Alloy ‘Stel may be Wed for any par of ole for which pres: se vessel quality is specie er permite P72 Forged fangs, tings, orale, valves, and ‘othr pressure prs of te be shall be of materi that ‘onforms to one ofthe foging speciation as sted in Pea, PG-73 rams, shal, or domes may be of seamless raw eanstetion, wi oF without ntgral eas, pro: ‘ited the material confirms to the equlements of he (Code for shell materia. 6-8 CASTINGS 6-0. Except fr the liked usage permitted by G82 and PG, cast met used a the constrain ‘of yestls and vase! part stl conform pone af he spe ‘iestions fisted in PG for which maximum allowable ‘Sree value ar ven in Tables 1A and 1 of ection I, Pate D The allorble stress values shall be multiplied by te appleabe carting quality factor given In PG-2S forall act materials eco stro Wher cst ton ed allowed in POA frstan- dard pressure parts (shall conform to one ofthese sandards ‘ASME 816.1, Gray Io Pipe Flanges and Flanged itings ASME B16, Cast ron Threaded ings Material conforming ASTM A126 may be used subject ‘wall raquiamens of th parser standard. Suck wage I subject also to al he roqulrements for thease af est iron ven 6-82 and other paragraphs ofthis ection. 76-02 castiron. 6-821 Cast ron shal ot be used for neues or Aanges tached direct tothe Bole fr any pressure ar temperate, 6-822 Cast ionas designated nSA-278 may be used for bole and superheater connections under pres re, sues pipe tings water columns, valves and thelr bones fr pressures Up t 250 pal (1.7 MPa). provided ‘he steam temperature doesnot exceed 480°? (230°C, 6-03 CastNodular lon Cast radu ron as dsig- nated n S395 may be used fer baler and superbeasat Connections under pressure, such a pipe tings asst ‘ohirns, and ale and their bonnets, for pressures not ‘exceed 350 pt (2.5 MPa), provided the stem tempera ‘ure doesnot excoed 50°F (230°). PG-84 Nonferrous. Bronze casting shall norm to spe, SB.62 and SB 208, nd may He ase onl forthe folowing 6-041 For anges and flanged or thoadod St tings complying with the pressure and temperature == (tremens of ASME B16.15 oF B16.24, except at uch ‘tng shall ot be ued here sel or oer materials spelaly required. Threed Ring shal mot be used ‘where flanged types ae species, 6-042. For valves a allowable tres aes otto exceed those ven in Table 1B of Section I Par Dy with maximum allowable temperatures of SSO"F (290°C) for SBS and $B-148, and 408°F (208°C) for sben, PG-84.12 For parts of pressure reli! valves subject Ifans of P7333. PG-9 PIPES, TUBES, AND PRESSURE-CONTAINING PARTS Pipes tubes an preseure-contaling prt wen bo Jers hl conform tone othe speciation eed in is ‘paragraph for which maim allowable seeses ae ‘ven in Tables 1A and 10 of Seton Il, Pat D. The sess ‘sls ven tn thas tables ined the appliabe out Tene factor for welded pipes and tubes. ‘Opener ert furnace, or asioxygan steel shall be ued for boiler pressive pars exposed to the re or produce of combunion When ied foriaterral pressure,ox seenow1 the material stress and dimensions shal mee the appro rate rouirmont of P27 and Par PW ana bein acer ‘Sance wih the flong 6-9. Bole parts shale af teflon spec ons one SA-53, Pl, Stel, Black and Hot Dipped, Zin-Cste, Welded and Seales (exluing galvanized) ‘i105, Carbon Sto orpng or Piping Applctons SA-106, Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High: ‘Temperature sevice SA-178, ElectrieResstance Welded Casbon Stee and Carbon- Manganese Stel Bofor and Supeheatr Taber ‘SA-B1, Carbon Ste! Forgings, for General-Purpose Ping SA-102, Forge or Rolled Alloy Stee! Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High Tomperatare Service (eae ony} 'Sf-192, Seamless Carbon Sto Boller Tubes for High resute Service ‘54.209, Seamless Caron Molybenam Alloy Stel Baie lerand Sperber Tubes '5A-210, Seamless Medium-Carbon Stel Boller and Superheter Tubes Si-213, Soamloss Ferrie and Austenitic Alloy Stel Bote, Separate, and Hest Fachangor Tubes (frie nis) Sh-216, Suwe Castings, Carbon, Suitable for Fusion Welding for High‘Terperatare Service SA-217, Sto Castings, Martens Stainless and Alloy, for Pressure-Contaning Parts, Suitable for Aig ‘Temperature Serie, ‘54234, PipoFitngs of Wrought Carbon Stel and Alloy Sta for Moderato and High-Temperature Service| 5-250, lecrc Resistance Weed Ferrite Aly Se, Bote and Superbester Tubes 'i-266, Carbon Stool Forging components SA-268 Seamless and Welded Ferstc and Martenste Stainless Steel Tubing for General Service S433, Seamless and Welded Stel Pipe for Low- “Temperate service ‘5435, Seamless Ferrite Alloy Stel Pipe for High- ‘emmparatre Service ‘534336, Alloy Sel Forging for Press ‘Temperature Pars '5f-350, Carbon and Law-Aly Stel Forgings Rearing Notch Toughness Testing for Piping Components 'f-423, Seamless and Electric Welded Low Alo Sse. ‘Tuer A660, Centrally Cast Carbon Stel Pipe for High “Temporature Service SA-731, Seamless, Wolded Ferrite and Martersitic stain tel Pipe for Pressure Vosrl and High SA/N 102162, Searls Stel Tube for Prosar Par poses — Part 2 Technical Delivery Condition for Non. ‘Aly and Aly Sel Tubes With Speed Hlvated Tem. erature Properties SIYEN 102222, Stee Forgings fr Pressure Purposes — Part 2 Ferric ana Martone Steals With Specified [levated Temperature Properties 69.11 Bole parts on oncethrogh lle shall bo any of te speteations stein PG-94 oF ay ofthe folowing ‘SBl07 Neko-rn-Chrosium Ale Seams Pipe and Tite ‘E-408 Nice ron Chroma Ally Red and Bar ‘B-409, cke-rn-Chromium Alloy Pate, Sheet. and sep ‘0-423, Nickel. ion-Chromiun Melybdensim Copper Aly Seamless Pipe and Tube S8-424, Nickel ion-Chromim- Molybdenum: Copper ‘ly Pat, Shee, and Seip 58-425, Nicke-Ion-Chromium Motybdenun-Copper ‘Moy Rodan Bar SBS, Welded Nickalron-Chromium Allo Tubas ‘SB.564, Nickel Alloy Forgings PG-9..2 Materials or ue in cannector ppg oF tubing andthe pressure chamber for remote wate ee: sensing devices ar referenced n P122 shal be one of ‘he speaieatins Listed in PG. o ne ofthe follwing ‘Sh213,Seamiess Ferrite and Austen Alay Ste Bo ler, Superheater, and Heat Exchanger Tabor ‘SASIZ Soules and Welde Aston Stalls Stel Pipes 58-163, Seamless Nlkel and Nickel Ally Condenser and Heat changer Tubes 88-167, Niekel-Chromlum-tron Alloys and Nickel= (Chromium-Cobae Mlydenui Aly Seales Pipe ad ‘Tbe ‘SB-407 Nlekabon Chromium Alloy Seams Pipe and ‘be ‘1-423, Nikel-Ion-Cheomium Molybdenum Copper Aly SeaessPpe ana Tube 'SB-515, Welded Nie ron-Chomium Alo Tubes SB-S16, Welded Nike-Chromiumsron Alloy Tubes ‘SB-517, Welded Nike Chramiumeon Aly Pipe ‘SB-615, Welded Nil apa Nickel Coble Aly Pipe 50-622, Seamless Nickel and Nickel Cbs Alloy Pipe and Take 'SB-626, Welded Niland Nickel Cobalt Aly Tube 6-92. superheater parts shall be of anyon ofthe (3) specications listed in FG-91, P6-5:13, of one ofthe Fong ‘i182 Forge or Raed Ally and Snes Stes! Pipe anges, Forged Ftngs,and Valves and Pars for gh ‘Temporstre Service 'SR-213 Sault Ferrteand Austen Aly Ste oi Jor Supereater, and Hox Exchanger Tubes Cc C oO‘SA-240, Chromium and Chromium-Nickal Steines ‘Stet Pats, Sheet ad Srp for Pressure Vessels and for ‘General Appeauons “S249, Welded Austen Stel Bor, Superate, Heat Exchanger, and Condenser Tes ‘4-312, Seumlss and Weld Atseite Stns Stel Pipes SA-351, Castings, Austen, AusteitcFertic (Du let for Pressre-ontaning Pars (Duplex encoded) SA-369, Gaon and Fore Alloy Steel Forged Bored Pipe fo High-Temperature Service 'SA-376, Samloss Austeiti Stel Pipe for High Temporatre Contra Staton Service ‘A-475, Stanlese Stel Bars and Shapes for Use noi vers and Other Presse Versi 'SA-965, Stel Foruings, Austenitic for Pressure and igh Temperature Pars ‘SIs 6 4303, Speeaton fr Stans Stel Bars 58/163, Seamless Nickel and Nickel Ally Condenser an ese xcanger Tubes ‘$8166, Nickel: chromium (ro Alloys and Nickel- ‘Chromiun-CobaleSoybdenum Aly Rod, Ba, and Wire 'SB-167, Nickel ‘he eat analysis ms ofthat tobe made for only thos Cc © Cpermitted specifies However consderauon shuld be {gent making analyses fo lent not speci inthe [pefcation bat which would De deleterious present in 76-10222 Mechanical propery tests are made inaceordanc withthe requirements athe permed spe efistion and the rests the sts conform ote spec Fd rquieren 7610223 For applications in which the max ‘um allowable stresses are subject toa note of Table 1h of Section I Part reqarng the us of kid steel, bbw saves P2522 All surfaces of cach casting Incl sng machine gasket seating surfices, shall be examined iter heat treatment bythe magnetic parte method i Ssecordance with P6-25.2.1.2.3 or bythe quid penetrant method in scordaace with PG252122, 76252121 ‘The edaiquefor magnetic par- ticle examination sal be in accordance with Arte 7 of ‘Section V. perfection using magne parle indies- tions exceeding degree 1 of Type, degree of Type I and agree Sof Type Il and excoding Segre 1 of Typesa a a and V of ASM E125 Standard Reference Phetographs for Magnetc Particle fadieatons on Ferous Casings, a unacceptable P6-25.21.22 The technique for liquld pene trant examination shall bein accordance with cle 6 ‘of Section ¥, Surface Inlestlons determina by igi pe- heant examination are unacoplable if they exceed the folowing (a) al eracks and hot wears (@) any group of more than si near Indeaons other than those in (a) in any rectangular area of 17 ts ‘61m, 8mm» 150 mn) ores, oF ay cular area hav Inga diameter on (89 min) aes, hase areas blr ‘take nthe mast unfaorable locaton relative to he ‘atone being evaluated (6 exher linear nations more han fi (6 long for thicknesses up to qn (19 nm) susve, mare hae ‘ges of the thickness in lng for hikes fom Yin. to 2% in (19 mm t057 mm) and more than (9 mim) long for thicknesses over 2%. (57 ma) (Uilgod acceptable Indications separated from one at ‘other by distance egal tothe length of the longer ne ‘aio are seepitle) (@)allindieations of noalnear imperfections that have any dimension exsoting he (tom) 6-25.29 Where more than one casting ofa parelar designs produced cach othe fet ve carting Shall be examined as above Where more than Sve castings are beng produced, he examination shall be performed ‘on the fst ive plus one adivonal casting to represent each five adtional easing. If his atonal casting proves tobe unacceptable, echo he remaining castings Inthe group sall be examined. P6-25.2.1.4 Any indications in excess ofthe rasimum porated i 9625211 snd P252.12 shall, ‘be ease for reletionuness the casting I repaired by ‘welding fer the base metal hasten examined to naire thatthe imperfection has ben removed or reduced to 38 acceptable sie. The complete repair sll be subj eesarinaton by the same method as was use nto ore {Bal examination andthe epared casting sal be post toed eat rested 76-25.21.5 All welding shall be performed ‘using welding proceeures qulifed in accordance with ‘Secon The proedarequalfication sal be performed fon tet specimens of east materi ofthe same specie: ‘on and subjeced tothe samme hext treatment before tnd after welding ae will be applied tothe work All welders and opertors performing this welding hall so be quaifed in accordance with Seton IX 6-25.22 Al steel castings having a boy greater than 4 n, (114 men) nominal thine shal Be exam Ine as spatied in PO-282.21 through P6-252.26, P6-252.21 Al surfaces of ach casting, nelude ‘ng machined gasket seating surfaces, sal be examined alter heat treatment bythe magnate parte matod ix ‘ecodance with PG-25.21.21 oq penstant method in acordance with PO252.122, P6-25.22.2 All parts of castings shall be sub- Jected to compete radiographic examination in aceor- dance with Arle 2 of Section V, and the radiographs Sal eonform to tho regulements of ASTM F280, Stax- Gard Reference Radlographs for Neary Walled [27 In to12 i. (114 am to 205 mun] Sel Casing, ‘The maximum acceptable severity level fora 100% quality factor sal be Terie ge Seely tk Fiend tne 2nd 30 2 deme onesie P6-25.2.2.3 Any indications in exces of the ‘maximum permitted in PO-252.21 and PO-252.22 ae "neeeptable, The easing may be repatred by welding after the bare metal bas been magnetic parte o gud Denetraneeramined to ensure thatthe imperfection has Deen removed or reduced oso sceeptae size 6-25.2.24 All wld repairs of depth exceeding 1 in. (25 mm) oF 208 of te seton tikes, whichever (sles, shal be examined by radiography in accordance ‘with PG-252.22 and by maguetc parte liga pene= ‘Gant examation ofthe he wel ura. All ld als of depth Less than 20% ofthe sertion thickness, or in. (25 mn, whichever i ss, anal weld reais of secons which cannot be effectively radiograph shall ‘be examined by magnate parte of Igo ponetrnt ex minaton ofthe irst ayer, ofeach Yin (6 mn hens ff depoted weld metal and of he fished wld surface, ‘Magnetic parsl or qui penetrant examination ofthe ‘nished weld surface sal be performed after postweld heat treatment P6-252.2.5 When repair welding is done ater eat treatment ofthe casing te csting hal be posted hea reste, on test specimens of ast material ofthe same species tion and subjected tothe same heat treatment before find after welding ae wil be applied to che work. All ‘welders and epertors performing this welding hall lo ‘be qualified in accordance with Secon D. 76-2523 dentifeation and Marking. Fach cast Ing to which 2 quality factor grotr than 80% sapped Sal be marked vith the namo trademark or eber Wace ‘ble identfention ofthe manufacturer andthe cating ‘drsfeaton inctuding the casting aly factor ad mse teri esiationC o P6-25.2.4 Personne performing radiographic magnetic parte or igud penetant examinations under ‘hs paragraph sal be quaied in accordance with De mpoyers written practice SIT-TCIA® op CP.188 shal bo used as &guldeline for employers to establish thelr writen practes for quaieation apd cotieon of tel personnel ‘When personnel have ben certified acordng to hei employer's written practice based upon an ection of SNT-TCLA or CP-109 ear than tat referenced in ‘4360,thel cristo hal eval for erfoming non. destructive examination required by this Section unt thelr nex scheduled certain, Any secretions, ‘eexaminaton, or new examinations shall be performed to the employers writen practice based on the eion (fSNT-TCIA or CP-189 referenced in A260 6-26 WELD JOINT STRENGTH REDUCTION FACTOR At elevated temperatures the longterm strength af weld jin ean be lowe than the long-term strength of the base material. Table PG-26 specifies & weld joint strength reduction factor, w to be sed to ero fortis lower long-term strength in determining the required thidkness of components operating in the creep range. This factor shal be ape the desig of einers com taining longitudinal bt welds and to hemispherical beads or another parca sacsons at comprie 208 ‘nents oted by welding As defined in PW112 ong al butt welds shall be interpreted to include spiral (atc) welds: Weld strength reduction factors apply to Such seams made by any welding proces, with or without ‘ler metal added, regardless wheter tho welding I et formed as par of material manufacture oy the Cert cate Holder as pat of Section I fabrication. The designer 'S responsible or datermning the appllsblty of wel Jolt tenth reduction lator a aher eg, ccumfre ia weld The weld oot strength reduction factor nat rogulred when evaluating ocasonal leads such a wind and eaniquake. 6-27 CYLINDRICAL COMPONENTS UNDER INTERNAL PRESSURE 6-27. General. Unless te requirements of A317 of Noomandstory Append Aare selected the equations Under paragraph shall be used to detorine the mi mum eguied thickness or the maxim allowable work Ingpessure of piping tubes, drums Sls, and beadersia sccrdance withthe appropriete dimensional categories sven in B-2721, 06-2722, and PG-272.3 fr tem peratures not exceeding those given forthe varous nate lal sted i Tables 1A and 18 of Section Part. "Te ealeulstd and ordered thickness of mntertal mst snchide the requirements of PG-16:3, 00-164, and ‘16S. Sete calculations must Incl the loadings a8 defined in P22 unles he formula fe noted oterie, ‘When require by the provisions of this Code allowance must be provided in mater tickers or threading and ‘ison structural stably (See P2743, FG-27.45, and PWT 32) Fea hin areas are present in etna sels the regured thickness maybe les than the ike dots Inited in PG27 provided the reqlrements of mandatory ‘Appendix W are et P6272 Equations for Calesation. 6-27.21 Tubing — Up to and Incuding 5 in. {825 min Outside Diameter, For bare tubes or bree tubes when te strength of he cd is not included use ‘he fllowng equations: ~ ety + c008 +6 a See P6-274.2, PO-2744, P6-27.48, and PC-2749, For bimetallic tubes wien the strength ofthe cla ie sncladed use the following equations oof | S00 PO-2744, PO-2748, PG-27.49, and PO-27 4.10, 6-27.22 The wal thickness ofthe ends of tubes strengthvwelded to headers o drums need not be tae renter than then ofthe whe ab derermined BY these enuations, 6-27.21 the wall thickness ofthe ends of tubes permite tobe atached by trending under the Timiatons of PWT. shall be not less than #8 deter= ‘med by this Formula pls 08/n (20/n), where n equals the numberof heads pe nc (pe PG-27.2..4 A tube in which 3 fase pug isto be installed shall be nt les han 0.22 in (56 mi) ‘Biers a he plugin order eo securo four fall heads forthe plug (se also 420). P6-27.2.18_Bimetallc tubes for which the strong of the clad snot inciuded and meeting the re- (quirements of 6-94 shal use an ouside diameteD, Ln {he appropriate equation a PG-27.21 no less than the ca- ‘usted outlde dateter of the core materia Tee outa “laeter ofthe core mater sal be detetined by se ‘wating tie te minimum thieknes ofthe dadeg fom,“Table PG-25 Weld Strength Reduction Factors to be Applied When Calculating Maximum Allowable Working Pressure oF Minimum Require Thickness of Components Fabricated With a Longitudinal Seam Weld TemnararcY 700 760 ba 0 90 950 1p JAD 3100 1350 1200 1250 ia00 as” LawD 4450 452 |__Ympertre_308 300 cay se tax 5i0_son_see_imo_ext_cin_e7v_ou_7a2_ uo a0 tie [ew te) TOW Wr MF eM OP PWM WP NP [roe Oey Thad O95 Obs One Uaz Ory Goa bao Oo MOR OM wr OP OW fasrqresyme oie ~~” ” 1o0 095 oo) 085 052 077 NP MP WP POPP aa [eran owen. tm — 10 050 050 ase ost ast ast MP NP NP NP NPP ro ‘toe ab peosionnd abr Bow ae a4) [nena wars: ning he sb cnsrodo pet mt tat gt pred y POS nau PE of Sect [mie meer a tenperser rend mtasne athe yh Soon Soul matt oveed alee as permit Sia apes ny nce [0 cane Mae: Terma art ys fs dec cna eprint ‘hitcuedin aa fad reg ean ict Fr cam arnt ah itor cir Piste psine nw same) or a ttn ae ere eth ya ee [eat cel of oredr ern li Nees perc 13) Comme mae oun on sre temp um te eure of #26 and Tale PK (9) tent ences am mcs cen oer co rena ot permite Fr ‘Stein fue ea popes maton re eee > Sie ve ince atc are tinal SF mart nun ese | reopens nn es WHF ui ne 19 al br cr where eae fl Site wen he aon ero hs esa ae oe lc» tensa am een eed tracon at ppm ro te shore BS SV, [@) tnt ry era fg oct eh GE Me Lge we hl ker oie meee ninatinymr nan ty [Gy Ns nrmatangs eens PHT. (3) Tm sth eee seen rit tl ne rae 91,92, 3,322, nd 2 (i) she sahntca Pm roa eons os PT porter PAT wan entre sl act here ‘ten aber Mt eons Phish. te sknne PO rarest fe Pw Stee [ox atom bth none npr ce orc entrench een of] {eperrentn cer an bo er nse tomo eiemant cn i nels alt i tl {opens of ele components pring led erpersrer heron sen arrest wa se | pnrenpme (9 tee the bowing cor yb se ae ed ttre econ tr fr th mit a waa os “enperte'? v0 p00 os 400 aso ago Nats ‘ne sea dain ar paises eels sTaaae UGS nt aa Lb ‘Bote mann a ‘geste se wie wih SPAS22 100 085090097 059.08 musasoitieasWeta. Pressure ores cour ay Seaton Table PG-26 Reduction Factors to be Applied When Calculating Maximum Allowable Working nim Required Thickness of Components abriated witha Longton Seam ld [3) anor wel oho we ler ta in se Sr ave heen se SRE 90 op 1540 (6% prone ‘tthe product sine sme far ang an res noedrtucie ec roe cance Ve ate the outsde ameter of the bumetale abe icing the ‘uni pls tolerance ofthe ear tube. The minum quired thickness, shall apply ony tthe care materi. ‘Tubes for which the strength ofthe dad i ineuded nd ecg the requiement of P-94 stall we an ouside Aiameter, , inthe appropriate equation In P6-27.2<1 ual othe autside diameter ofthe bimetalc tbe n= ‘hing the maximum ps tolerance fo both he core abe ‘lamer and dad thine 6-27.22 Piping, Drums, hels, and Headers, ‘Based on strength of weakest course. oe ‘ neege 6" sep yp te ta e-9 we" Reh MeO See PG-27.4.1, P6-27-43, and PG-27.45 through ro274, 6-27.23 Thickness Greater Than One-Half the Inside Radlus othe Component. The atimum allowable working pressure for pars of Bolles of ejndrial rose Section, designed for temperatures upto that of saturated steam atrial pressure (70548 (3741°)]} sal bs do- fermned by the equations in 125 G-27.3 Symbols. Symbols used inthe preceding custo are dened follows (C= minimum allowance for threading and structural stabi (ste 6-27.43) Dati diameter of cinder icy (se P6274) thickness factor for expanded tube ends (see Pozraa) ‘maxim allowable working pressure ste PO-21) Inside rads of elinde; fo pipe, the side radius determined by the nominal outside rus minus th nominal wal ticnes= ‘$= maximum allowable stress value atthe design tem erature ofthe metal as std inthe ables sped Fed m P623 (600 PG-27 4.2} a) © ‘86 = maximum allowable stress value 3th design tem perature ofthe Base metal 2s Istd inthe tables {pected in PG-23, for bimetallic tube In which the da strengths tobe included (ee PO-27 410) ‘matimum allowable ses ae athe desig et perature ofthe clad metal slit In Seton I, Pare D Tables 18 or 1B, fora bimetallic tube in ‘hich the clad strength Isto be included (see Po-27410) Incimum requrad thickness ete P2747) ‘inspum required thickness ofthe base etal ora Pima tbe n whch the clad strength i tobe Included See P27-4.10) imum requled eiknes ofthe cad fora bine Talc tube in which the clad strongth ito be Ine ded (0e P2741) effective clad thicken for strengih pur. poses fora bimetalli cube im which the Clad ‘Strang is tobe incuded (60 P2740) ‘wel Jon strength eduction factor pr P26 iy = temperate confident 00 PC27.45) PG-27.4 ‘The following paragraphs aply to PO-27 ‘equations a referenced Poznan E = 10 for seamless cylinders without openings spaced to form ligaments ~ theligament efcieny por PO-52 or P53 for seam less liners wt laments = w,the weld join strength reduction factor per P26, for Tongitudinaly welded cylinders without ligaments For longtednally welded oladrs with games lo- ‘ated st that no pet ofthe loti weld sar pe rota bythe openings forming he Higarent, shall be ‘taken a5 the lesser of othe gament efclency from POS2 oF FOS. any prof the logan seam wld Is penetrated by te openings that foes the Ligament, shall be te asthe product of w umes the ligament dency. PG-2TAZ The temperature ofhemetal to be used In selectng the 5 value for tabes shal not be les tha he ‘mavimum expected mean wall temperature, the Sum Df the outside and inside tube surface temperatures se oein. (9) amid _Tophot ea (2) Stee or nonferrous pipe lighter Gan Schedule of ASME 836.104, Welded and Seamless Wrought tel ie, ‘Bal nor be tended (2) The values of Csipulated above ae such thatthe cual stress due to internal pressure inthe wal f the pipe it no greater than the values o 5 given Table 14 ‘of Seton Pare D a5 applicable the equations (6) The dept of thread hin in (rm) may be deter inined from the foroslah =08/n (h= 20/n) where 2 [ithe number a threads per inch (25 mm) or rom the following er) 8% _onssecu7 POA {= 004 (0) overa length at east equa to the length of {ho soat pus 1 In. (25 mm) for tubes expanded nto tube seas xc = Ofor tubes expanded into tube seats provided the {alles ofthe ube ends over a length ofthe seat pls 1 (25 man snot ss than the fowing (a) 0095 (241 mam) for tubes 17 in. (32m) (oD. and salle (0.105 In (2.67 mm) for tubes above 1% in. (62 mm) OD. and yp wo 21a (50 mm) OD, in (@) 0.120 i. (3.05 mim) For tubes above 2 i. (60 um) OD. and up wo 3 ta (75 mm) OD, inc. (4) 0.135 in (3:43 mm) for tubes above 3 In (75 mm) OD. 2nd up to 4p (100 mi} 0. ne (0.150 in. (3:81 mm) for tubes above 4 in (100m) 00 snd up to $(125 mm) OD, net 1 O or tubes strength-elded to tubeshees headers, and drums. Stength-weléed tubes sal comply with {he minimum weld ses of PWS. 6-275 _Wiilethe thicknss given bythe formula 1s thoretially ample take care of both bursting es fue and material etave in theading when sel pipe Is throaded and used for steam pressures of 250 pat (17 mPa) and over, shal be seatless and ofa weight least equal to Schedule in order furash added me- chanical strength PoarA6 17 © a coofclent having values allows: iy om Vales ofybetwoon omperatures sted may be deter ‘mined by lntorpoltion. For nonforrous materials not sted y «0, P6-27.4.7 I pipes ordered by its nominal ‘hieloss, ai customary in wade prac, he muniic- ‘uring taerance on wal thikness mst be taken nto oe- count. After the minimum pipe wall thickness 1s ‘termined by the formula this nium chess shall ‘be lnreaod By an amas sufens to prowde the man- sctiring tolerance allowed in the appleable pipe spect eaton. Th net beaver constr wal thickness ay then be selected fom Standard thickness schedules a2 ‘contained in ASME 836.0M. The manulacuring oer laces are glen inthe Several pipe speiiations ste npGs. POL2748 When computing the allowable presture fora ppe ofa dette misimum wall icloess, devalue stand by te equations ray be ounded upto the nex higher uni of 10 pt (01 MPa}© 6-27.49 The maximum allowable working pret sure P need not include the hydrostale head loading, 6.22, when ised nis uation. PG-27.410 The Following requirements apply to bimetaicabes when te strength ofthe clad is included ‘or additonal fabrieaton requirements, see PW-44. For sich bali tbes to thermal conduc ofthe base ‘metal shall be equal to or greater than he thermal conduc tlvgy of che clad material. The cladding process shall achive a metalurgtal bond between the cad and the base metal (core tbe), “The temperature ofthe metal tobe used in selecting the Sb value for eare tubes hal othe ass han the mad Jum expected mean wall trperature eaesated sing ‘he base metal thermal properties fer atube wth he sme ‘cubic daeter nd tata wall thikness the ad ee, ‘Se, the sum af the outside and inside tbe surface fom peta of an equivalent core tube, divided by 2 “The temperature ofthe metal tobe used in seeing the ‘Serva forthe cad stall not be lee than the maximumh ‘expectod moan wal tomporeture of the dad Le, the sum ‘ofthe ouside surface temperature and the base metal- ‘a lntrfacetmperatare, vided by 2. “Te value of Se shal be taken as that for an annealed ‘wrought material wth nominally equivalent strength 1nd compton ae the dad. Vase applicable either ‘Section Section VI Division 1 may be use. two ‘tres valves are sted fra materia the higher ‘ale maybe sed “The sizing equation is subject to te following constrains 1» end dns) + < Hala etal) uff) = tects nbc () < vaeumntn nthe caiin PG-28 COMPONENTS UNDER EXTERNAL PRESSURE PG-28.1 Thickness of Clinical Components Un- er External Pressure. PE-2B.L1 Design Temperature shall be not loss ‘han the mean expected wal tomperatire PG-281.11 | Terperauresin excess ofthe max- ‘mum tempera ised for each marl pen in Tables {Unand 1 of Seeton Il Par D, ae not permite PG-28.12 Temperatures in exes ofthe max. mur temperature sven on the extoral pressure charts se ne permit. P2813 Rounding of equation rsults tote rent higher uni of 10s permitted see PC-27.48). 6-282. Welded Acess oF Inspection Openings Un- er Extemal Pressure, The maximum allowable working pressure for welded sees oF inspection openings, wit Inward projections subjected to extrnal pressure (such fas mane or bandhole rings with interna covers), may be determined in soordance withthe rales ofPC-2 when ‘he fllowangrequrrenss ae met The length ofthe In tural projection af the ing extending pas the toe of he ‘tachment weld onthe ring shall at exceed the tice- bas oth ng. The length pst thetef the wed mes "ed athe lation of the shortest ing pejection ito the vessel (ee Fagure PE-28), For elipal ings the value ft be ued in the prooedurer of 6-27 shal be dter- tied in asordane with he allowing equation or elip- eal ings bade here 4 = outside majoras ofthe ese 1 outed minor axe ofthe slp: ‘This provision dos not apply to flanged in manholes covered by PO-29.3, P29. anéPO-20.12 PG-28.3 Maximum Allowable External Working Prasare fr Cylindrical Components. PG-283.1. The maximum allowable working pres- sure of linia components under extarsal pressure all be as determined by he following rales. ters Dressure chars fo sein determination of minima f= fulemens are given n Secon I Part D, Subpart 3. Fig Ure numbers shown this Aree are cosine in est Subpart PG-283.11 The fllowing symbols are used in the procedures ofthis Artic: ‘A= factor determine fom FigreG and used to enter the applicable material chart i Seton Tl, Par. or the ease of eyinders having D,e values less ‘han 10 see PO-203 1200) rsssctonlaea of stiffening ring {actor determined from the applicable materi chart in Section Tl Pat, for sax design be {al tempertire outside damete of india component ‘modulus ofelastity of mail at desig temper ture. (For thie vale se the applicable materials ‘har in Section IL, Pat D. Interpolation may be rade between the lines for intermediate tenperatres} 1g required moment of inertia of tiesng sng about Is nual ats pol othe ans the furnace 1» total length, of ylndicl component between, ns of suppor or desig length of furnace ken ‘5 the largest of the folowing: a) the greatest center-o-center dstance be- tween ny wo adjacent seni ingsFigure P28 ‘Maximum Interal Projection of Welded Accessor Inspection Openings [exara NOTE: Fo sor acoble wel contprates 6 ge FYE {0)the cstance otween the tubeseet and the conor of the st tering (rg related) {@) te distance from the centor ofthe fst sti foaing ring toa creumferentia ine ona formed Ia toner th eth fom the Rend tangent line 4, © ones of the dance rom the contr ne ofthe Stlfesing ring tothe nex line of suppor: on one Side, plus one-half ofthe centerline distance to ‘he het line of supportan the other side of the st ening ng both measured pra wo the xs ofthe cejinder. (See PPT-7.11 for desge of stenting, ngs) A ine of suppres {@)a sifenng ring tat mets the reguremente oeprrazst (8) sclreurfrentil connection to hesheet or Jacket fora jcetedseton of ena shell. {@)a cecumferential ine on a formed hea at one-thied the dpe ofthe head from the hen ta sent ne P = oxormaldssign pressure = eaelatod vac of allowable eters working pres- sur for te sesumed value of ‘= themaximum allowable sess values esgn metal temperate {= minimum required thickness of cylindrical ‘components 5 = nominal ines of cide] components P6-28:3..2 Cylindrical Components. The ro- quired minimum thickness of eyindrialeomponentus- erercrna pressure eter seamless o wth ngludnat butt Joints shall be determined by the following (dering Dues gutta renters ‘Step 1 Assume a value of ¢ and detarmsine the ratios Dg a Deft ‘Step 2. Enter igure Gof Section I Part, atthe ale of L/D, determined i Sep 1 For values of L/D, preter ‘han 0, ener the carta al of /Dy =50.Forvalues (OF L/D, less than 0.05, enter the chart ata value of 1D, «005. ‘Stap 3.Move horizontally tothe ip forthe value of, ‘g/t determined in Step 1 Interpolation may be made ‘or inermedit values of Dé om tis pin of tter- sition move versal dewnovard to determine the ale ot Faced ‘Step 4 Using te val o 4 caleulated in Step 3, eter the applicable material chart In Seton Fat Do the Istria under consideration. Move vray to an ner section wth te material temperature ine fr the design ‘temperature Interpolation may be ade between ies or Intermediate temperaares. fn cases where the A value falls to the right ofthe end of he material emperatare Tine assume ah ntersection withthe azo prjeton ‘ofthe upper end of th materia/emperatare ine Fora Tues off fling othe left ofthe material/emperstae line se Step 7 ‘Stop 5. rom the intersection obtained i Seep 4, move honzomtally fo the right nd reod the valu of Factor 8.op 6.Using the vale of 8, calelate the value ofthe smasimum allowable extornal pressure, using te fo- lowing equation o a7 ‘Sep 7. For values of falling tothe eff the apleale ‘uate temperate line, the value of Py shal clea tated ing the flowing equation: 2 574 Sap f.Compare te caeaated value of Py abiained in ep 6 or Sap 7 wih IP is smaller than Pst lr- fervaive fort and repeat he dog procedure atl fhe of Py i obtained that sequal to grater than P. (@) onder aving Dy /t values oflss than 10 Sap sing the same procedure as gien in (2) above, obtain the va of 8, Forealues of D,/t Tse than the ‘alco shal be caluated using the following esustion “Rak For values ofA preter than 0.10, use a value of 010. Sup 2 Using the vase of 8 obtained n Sep, ealete valve of Pye using the ellowing equation srs ylues at design metal temperature rom Tables 1A ‘nd 19 of Section Pat Da, tines the yi strength ‘ofthe materi st Design Metal Temperature Irom Table tof Section I Par. ‘Step 4The smaller ofthe values of Py cleat in Step 2, of Paz eaeated in Step 3 shal be wie forthe ratimum allowable external pressure Pf, Is smaller than Py aslect a lager value for an rope the design procedure unt a vale for P, Is abtaned that fs equal to or grater than P PG-2831 The design presur or maximum a lovable working pressure sal be not ls hath max Iu expected ference in operating pressure that may fie hotween the outsce and the sie ofthe eine ompanent at anytime, a P6-203..4 When ncessary, furnaces sal be proved wt stiffeners ar ther aden means of sup+ ort to proven overstes or lage distros under the frternal loadings listed in DG-22 other than pressure snd temperature G-29 DISHED HEADS P6-29.1 ‘The thickness of blank unstayed dished ead with the pressure onthe concave se, when Is 2 segment of sphere, hl be elated by the fling ust: where = radusto whieh the head is ished, meesured onthe ‘concave side ofthe head '> = mazimum allowable working pressure Qhydrostase ‘had Ioacing need not be ineaded) = maximum allowable working sues using valves - ‘en in Table 1A of SectinU, Part ‘mine thes of hed ‘Wel jon strength eduction factor per P26 PG-20.11 If local thin ares are present in the spherical portion of dhe dished head, the requed tile ness may be las than the thickness determined in 16.201 prove he rquiements of Meaory AP ax iv are met. 6-292 The rates to which hens hod salle sot rete than the ote ameter of fang porto of {he head. Where ora are usd tho longe shal = ton eth viv of inthe equation 6-293 When eat dsed to asegment ofa sphere asa flangein inasholeo aces opening that exceed ‘in. (150 min) nay dmonsion the thickness sal be ‘creased by not ess han 159 ofthe gure tikes for 1 Dla ead computed by the above frmula, bu In no ase les than in (8m) additonal thickness over a ‘Blank head Where sucha dhe head has a aged opene Ingsupporte by an attached fue am inresein thickness ‘ove that for a bln head int required more than ove anhaleismertedin hea the teknest of which cal ‘lated by thi rule, the minimum distance between the ‘openings shall be not ess than oneourth ofthe ouside ‘ameter ofthe hed P6294. Brceptas otherwise provided for in 293, 6-28, and PO-29.12 al openings which require reifor- ‘enmen placed in ead dished to a segment ofa sphere, brn an elipsoidal heed, oF na fl-bemsphorea! head, Incding all types of manele excep those o te intgral ‘angen yp, shale rlnored In accordance with he rules in PO, When sreinfored the thickness of such ahest maybe the same a fora bank unstayed head6-295 Whore th radius L to which the head is ished is lss than 809 ofthe outside diameter of the ead the thickness ofa head with anged-in anole ‘opening ebal beat leat tat found by making L equal 1 AD ofthe ontededatetr ofthe ad and with the ded thickness forthe manhole This thickness shal he ‘he minimum thickness ofa head wit a angen nae hole opeteg fr any farm of hea andthe maar = lowabl working stress shall not ented the values ven {im Table 14 of Set I, Pare. P6-29.6 to head except fulrhemisphercal head, shall be of lesser dhe than tht requ for Sea Jes hell of te same dame, PG-29:7 A blank head of somilipsoidal frm ‘whlch half the minor axis or he depth ofthe head sat Teas qual ro one-quarter ofthe inside diameter of he ea sal e ade least a hick a the resid thie nes ofa stale shell ofthe same ameter ae provided. $5 6-2722. Is Mangesin manhole tht meee the Cade raguiramants i placed ina elpsoldal head he tick res ofthe hen shal be the same a for» head dished toa segment ofa spor sce P-281 and PG-29.5) with dish radius equal to elghttonts the outside dlameter ‘ofthe head and with the added lle for he mane 45 specied In P0293, P6-29.8 When heads are made to an opprosnate ae lipsoial shape, the inar surface of such beads must he uti and rot insd fet eipse drawn wih te mae Jor axis equal tothe Inside ameter of the bead and ene alte minor aris equal tothe depth of the bead. The ‘maximum vant fro tetra lps hall no eed (00125 times te Insigedameter of the head. 629.9 _Unsayed dished heads with th pressure on the convexide shal Rave a maximum allowable working resure equal 1 60% ofthat for heads ofthe same die ‘Rensons with de peesoure on the concave side. ead thicknesses obtained by using the equations 62841 for hemispherical heads and PC297 for Banke semielpsidl heads do nt apply to beads with pressure fon the convex ie, 6-29.11 The thickness ofa blank unstayed fl Inspec bed withthe pressure an the concave sie shal be elelsted bythe folowing equation: m where 1 = radius to which th head was formed, measured on the concve side of the head P= maximum allowable working presure 5 = maximum allowable working ses, usiagvalves ‘Yen in Table 18 of ection I Pare D ‘tum thickness of head ‘wed jolt strength reduction fator per PC-26 2 ‘The above equation hal ot be used when the regulred thiclness ofthe hea give by this formula eoreds 35.6% ofthe isi rads, ad instead he flowing equation Shall be uses eu =) were or + 1 Br o7 Joins in fl bemlpbercl heads nding the join to tho sel shal be governed by and meet all he require: ‘moet for longitudinal Joints In eylndrieal sels, except that na butwelded joint ataching ahead ta bel he tude lines ofthe plate thicknester need not Be In ligament. "ca thi areas are presont inthe ul-bemispbereal hea, the required theess may be less than the ick ness determined above provided the requitements of Mandatory Appendix IV are met. 6-20.12 ifs fangein mantole that mest the Cade ‘aguiements i placed in afall-hemispherieal head, te {hickness ofthe head shall be the same a for a head dished to.a segment ofa sphere (ees PG-29.1 and G-285) witha dish radi qua eight nths the out ‘de dimater ofthe hesd ane wl the aed tke for the manhole epee in P6283, 6-29.19 The corner rade ofan unstayed dished ‘ead measured on th coneave side ofthe hen sal be ‘ot es than vee Une he thickness of the meri the hea; but in no eve les han 636 of he onside dn ‘mater af the bead. Ino ese shal the thinning Sov de to the process of forting of tho knuckle portion af any dished head consisting of sepment of w sphere en- led by apart of trurcontatng the knw por ton (Lorispherial), exceed 10% of the thickness ‘equized bythe formalin n 96291, Other types of ads Shall ave a ehcres after forming of ot les han that ‘equired by the aplable equation, C-20.14 Fa dishod bead concave to presare is formed with a Matened spo o surface, the ameter of ‘th lat spr shall nt exer that allowsble for fat eae 235 ven bythe equation in PG, ung C = 0.25, PG-30 STAYED DISHED HEADS 6-301 Whon dished beads are af thickness less than ale for by P29, they shal be stayed as Mat sur- faces no allowance belbg made in such staying for he Ioling power duo to the spel form less ofthe foloeng condos are met PG-20..1 That thoy be at least twothrs sthlek scaled for by the rales for unatayed dished ads PG-302 That they bo at east im (22 mm) In thicose 3) oOa PG-30..3 That throughs be used tached to the ished head by outside and inside nuts PG-20:L4 That the maxinum allowable working pressure shal ot exc that called by the ules fr nunstayed dished bead plus the pressure eoresponding to the sregph ofthe says or braces secured bythe oF tml for braced or stayed surfaces gen is PC, using 1 forte value oF P6302 1fastayed dished head concave pressure ‘is formed with a attend spat o surface, the dameer Df the Nat spot shal not exzaed that allowable fr at heads a given by the formula n PO, wsng C= 025. PG-3L_UNSTAYED FLAT HEADS AND COVERS PG-3LL The minimum thickness of unstayed Mat heads cover plate, and blind flanges abl! conor to ‘he eguremans given this paragraph These equce: iments apply to both circular and noneeelar™ herds and covers Some seneptable types of fachends and covers fe sown n Figure FO. In hs fue, he dimensions ofthe welds are exsive of xtra metal required for ar rosin swan. PG-SL2_ The notation ued inthis paragraph and in Figure PO-31 ar define 3 lows = auctor depending onthe method of atachment of heal and onthe sel pipe or header dimensions nb oter ein sated i POST bo din ‘onl. Th facor for welded over ae nelade ‘factor of L667 tat fective increases the allow {ble ster for sch constracons 9 136. = long span of noncirelor hens or covers measured especial to shore span 4» Ghameter, or short span mearored a indicated in gure Pst ‘ng = gasket moment arm, equal tothe radia distance from the centerline ofthe bots the in of the fst reacion as shown a gure PO, Must ons end (9 | 1 = parimeter of nanelecuar bolted head measured Slang the centers of he bal ales Teng of fange of Banged heads measured rom the tangent line of tnuckie, as indietted in ‘igure PE, tasrtins (2) snd 6) rato t/t dimensiones ‘maximum llowable working pressure 7 = inside comer radius on ahead formed by aging or focring ‘= manimum allowable stress value, ps (KPa) using ‘aes pire in Table 1A of Seton Pact D = minimum requied thickness of Bat ead or cover {© pomina thickness ofthe fang on 2 forged ead at the large end, as indicated in igure PO, str: tion @) ‘fy = nominal less af at bead or cover 2 = thie required for pressure of seamless shal, ie, or header 1, = mtnimum specifed thickness of shell pipe, oF eater y= theese drough the weld joining the edge ofa neato the inside of ram pip, o ead, i iad in igre PO-3,Mastations (gt) ae (2) ‘ty = throat dimension ofthe closure wel as indicated in Figure PO ilusraton() |W = toa ole load a farther define in P3432 12 = factor for noncrelar herds and cover that de- [ends on the rato of short span o long span 25 ‘en ip PO-313, dimensionless PG-3L3_ The thickness of at wnstayed heads covers, and blind Manges shall conform to one of the Flowing {hoe requirements PG-313.2 Ciel blind flanges of ferrous mater- ls conforming to ASME B165 shall be acceptable for the lameters and pressure-terperture ratings In Tae 2'of that Standard when of the typer shown in Figire PO, leone) a P6132. The minimum required thickness of far unstayed crular heads, covers, and blind lange shall Iecaletlte bythe allowing equation: c= AOrrs o except when the hes, cove, or lind anges atached by bok causing a edge moment [igure Ps, lusrauons (and (ete whieh ease the hice shall be cleulted bythe folowing equation: rents] @ When using 0, (2) tho thickness ¢ shall be caleulated for both desga conclions snd gasket seating, and th fester ofthe two value shall be used For dasign cond flons, he value of P all be the maximums allowable working pressure, the valu ofS at design temperatare Shall be ued, and shal be the sum ofthe ble ods re- (quired wo resist the en pressure load and to malts {ighnes ofthe gasket” For gasket seating P equals 20, the value ofS a atmosphere tmperatre shall be used, and W shal be the average ofthe required bot lod and {he load aval rm the bol area seul wed PG-31.3.3 at unstayod heads, covers, or bind ‘anges may be square, rectangular, epic cbround, ‘segmental or ohewise novela. Thalr required thick es shall be calelted bythe folowing equation: 07S o‘fated gobo gronarthan Figure P31 Some Acceptable Types of Uastayed Flat Heads and Covers score ots int, +o ia = eranorecow & ‘eg i. ata 3.284 4, ‘at fed tbe pram nf -s no ee ES Proeionbvons ‘tis opto Eo Li noi Sc releeeteat taut ‘Mis. gap Yi. (2 mm) + dopenthenesd ‘in nl agin 29a wh a ” a a) Fr uration (a (eet can, = 035, Cin. = Bat sneer cer C= 03, 2} Wen pip tre are se aeRO secede tere | ||)/ pana om! LA 2 ead fot | oy | i Scant enh -020 clas c= opanin sats ht [coe OTE: to sto lstaos x agrnmat ely Or case at meet he reget of A whe apoO QO Oo una seeron bere rom 2 ® withthe timation that Z need not be greater than 2%, "Equation (3) dos nt apply to moncreular hea, cov rs, or Bnd fangs attached by bls causing ol edge ‘omene [igure P31, usratins () and For now threular heeds ofthis type the regured thickness shal be falealated bythe allowing equation ‘When using (5) the thicines sal beclelated in ‘he same way a specied above far og PC-313.2@2) PG-3L4 For the types of construction shown In Figure PG-31, tho minimum values of € to be used in ge, PG-31-32(1), PG313 202), PO-BL3-(3), and 76513305) ae" gure P63 stration (2 C= 0.7 for ange ere Jar and noncicular heads forged integral with o butt ‘welded tothe shel pipe, oF header with an inside ‘Somer rade not es than themes th requ esd ‘hikes, with uo special requiremont with coger to length of ange, and where the welding mets thee _uvernent for decunferental os given in Far. PW. {2 010 fr cna head, whore te ange eng for heads of the above design snot es han 1 a(is —ontel a 6 When C= 010 use, the lop of the tapered sections shal eno rete han 1:1. gute P=, Hustraton (2): € = 0.7 for crear and nopatrelar heads forged itgral with or buttelded to {he shell pipe, or header, where the corner radius on tho inside snot ess than three times the thickness of fh fangs and whore the welding mess all he regure- ‘mont for creumferentl ont given in Part PW. Figere P34, leseration (eC = 0.30 for clrcular Aanged plates screed over thes ofthe shel pe, healer, with nie corer rcs ot ss than 3 ic the design of the threaded Join gang far by shear, tension, or compression, resulting from the end free {ue to pressures based on fact of safety of atleast 4 andthe threeded parts are atleast a5 strong asthe ‘Heads for standard piping of the same diameter Sel ‘welling may be use, ested gute PC-3, stration (2) = 013 for itera at ‘cular heads when the eninsiond does not exceed 24 n. (600 mam; the rato of thickness of the head to the dasension ds not lose than 0.05 nor grestor shan (025; the bead thcness ts notes than the shel le nes, the nid corner rai isnotless han O25, and as the constructions obtained by speci echniques af ap sein and spanng the end of the sel pipe or bene, ‘Such as are employed in closing header en gure PC-34 ilustatons (2) (9 and (1): C= 033m ut nt less than 01.20 for cular pats and C= 033 for onitular Bates welded to thelnsdoof drum, ppe oF onde, and otherwise meeting the requremeats forthe respective ype of welded doer drums lnludlng post Wweld hea reatment when required forthe drum, but ting volumete examina vale of es than ‘ised calelating eth hell hekness, shall Be Imani long tance inwardly from the ede face ofthe ead eoual tat art2. Ja Thetroatthicknes of ‘ho le weés in strains () and () shall be atest (7eqThe sie ofthe wel yi stration (g) shal be not ss than 2 nes the routed tikes of 2 seamless hell nor es than 125 ties the nominal shel eickest butaced not be greater thas the head thc the weld shall be deposited na welding groove with the oat ofthe ‘wed af the fone face ofthe eed shown in he igre. Figure PG-31, station (g-2) C= 039 fr telar lates, welded fo the lnelde of «drum pipe, or hese, 2 otherwise meting the requirement or the respec lve pest welded baller runs, incluaingposveld beat ‘eetient when requled forthe dum, but mig vol: ‘merc examination, When the weld not deposed tthe ‘ner fac ofthe header, he thks the had hat re ‘rane uweded shal be inant ase ho hea ealelated per PG-31.3.2.The drum or header shall elimi 9 NPS 4 es. (033 fr nonceulr pater, welded tothe ini of Arum pipe ar beer, an okervise meeting the egure- ment forthe respective types of welded bole dru lading postweld heat treatment when required fr the ‘drum, but omitting volumetric examination, The throat ‘hls ofthe et welds in Figure 3, lstrations (2) fd (P shal be a lease 78, The sn fe weld yin useatio (1) shal be pot less tan 2 times the required thlelese of senles hell ores than 1.25 mes he oma shel thickness but ned nt be rete an the ead tickress the weld shal be deposed in wen spoove with the root ofthe weld atthe inne fac of the eae shown nthe igure igure PG-31, stration (0): € = 023m but not less ‘han 0.20 for crear plates welded othe end ofthe drum, ie. or header, when an asldo weld with minimum host thidiness of 0.74 (susod The wid at the botom of the ‘weding groove sal be ntlase thon (2m) andthe ‘xpos edge nt lees than oi (6 ms), whichver ‘Semler The inside lot wld may be tes, providing trot less than 125t, andthe factor ¢ sake a5 033, Figure P31, stations () and (1): C= 03 fr cre Jarand nontrealarheads and covers bolted tthe shel ‘ange, rsd plate as inated nthe gues Note thet ‘9. PC3132(2) or eg P3136) sal be used becuse ‘ofthe exra moment applied othe cover by the bolting.Wes the cover pate grooved for peripheral gate = oven testo (the ne over pl hice der the groove o between the groove a the outer eae ‘ofthe caver plate shal be not ee tan afta for crear heads an covers, nt loss han fon, a for nocirelar heads nd covers igure FG, lusaions(m) (9) and (0) €=03 for cirular plate inserted ino he end shel pps othe rand eld nplce by a postive mecanel locking ar angement and when ll pasibe means offre eter Dy Shou, tension, compression, or rain deformation n= lading Maring esuling fom pressure ae deena (ermal expansion, are resisted ith fetor of safety of at east Seal welding may be used, desired. Figure POI, stration (p): C= 025 for crear and once covers belted with fllace gasket Stl, Manges or ste ples Figure F631, lustration (a) C= 0.75 for eter Plates srewed into the end fsb pp or header hoy Ing an inside dameter dot encoding 12 In (300 mm) for bends having an integra lange screwed over the fad as shel, or header having anne Ameer ‘not exceeding 12 in. (00 mm) and when the design ‘ofthe headed int gas alte by shea, cnsion com pression o radial deformation, including Marin reuling from pressure and diferent thermal expan, based ‘onafacor of safe of at ast a eapere pipe red ie "sed, to requirements of Table P39 shall be met Sel ‘welding may be weed, desed Fare P31, stration (1): ¢ = 0.3 for relates having sdimenin d not exceding 18. (450 mm) ine sated Into the sh peor header snd welded shown, and otheroise meting the requtemens fr welded boler drums including poste eat reatment butemitngvo- lumetric examination. The nd ofthe sel pip or header sal be crimped over at eat 30 deg but not more than 45deg The crimping rnybe done cold only hon sop ‘raton vl not fjre the meta. The throat a the weld Stall be not less than the thickness of te iat head or ‘he shel pipe, or header, whichever greater Figure PC-1,sustration (9: C= 033 fr cro be sled plates having a diameter, d, not exceeding 18 In (450mm) inserted into a sbl pipe, or heuer, the end ‘ofwhicn crimped over at act 30 dep ut ot ore thas 45 deg and when th undercutting for seating leaves at least 803 of the shel thickness, The eveling shall be ‘ot las than 75% of th heed thickness, The ming ‘al be dane when the entire crunference ofthe yi ‘eri normaly heated othe proper forging enperature forthe moteral wed For his eonstruston, hero /d ‘shall be nat ss than the ato B/S nr le than 0.05. The maximum allowable weeking pressure forthe construe ton shall ot exceed P=55/d (P= 1255/4, OPENINGS AND COMPENSATION"? PG-32 OPENINGS IN SHELLS, HEADERS, AND DISHED HEADS. PG-324 The rules for openings and compensation it 6.32 through PC-39 shal apply tal openings in shel, header and shed heads exept as otherwise provided Jn PG-203, 0.29.7, PC-29.12, P3212, PO-32LA, POSES, and PFT. 6-321 The ntstions used throughout PG-2 ae defined a foows 4.9°= the finished opening dhametrs of any two Inked openings ander consdertion, in et) (seed betow) D = the ouside diameter of the shel, header, ot ‘sed ead containing the opening in (rm) {d= dlamoter of a fnished opening. In. (rmlfeoe P0333) 1 the maximum permissible finished opening a: ‘metr for an uncampensitd opening (0) (eee Po3212) = PD/1025 (hve sal no eon 0990) 1 = the dstanes between contar of tho to ope {ngs meatured on she rrfce of he shed head dy = the distance between centre ofthe to oper {ngs measured on the surface ofthe shell oF eater = the maximum allowable working pressure ‘= the masimom allowable sess valu, taken frm ‘Table IA and 18 of Seton I, Pak D = the nominal hckness of te hea, bell hed fein fm) 1 = th limts of compensation paral othe vessel wall (6 965382) P6-52..2 Multiple Openings. Groups of epenings (3) may be designed in acordance withthe rles for Vig ‘ents n P52 or PG53. Mule openings tat are ok ‘lesgned a gnments shal comply with PE. 6-32.13 Single Openings. Single openings are 03) etn ar openings hat havea since oer stance between adjacent openings motes than Ly OL, vohere fa = ft Byate «2 PG-521.4 Openingsin Shes and Headers No cle (3) ‘ulation need be made fo determine the avaaiiy of Compensation fora single opening, not covered by C C@ ox seers 6-38, 76-52 or P53, shells or headers when the di sete ofthe finished opening da fined it P6333 oes not exceed the larger of) oF) below. (athe vale of dy 2 lows: (someon te) anton 0) dau afoe(s- 1 (0) the smaller of ne fourth tho insite ameter ofthe shall or header o 2m (60: P6-32:5 Openings in ished Heads, No clela- tion need be made to determine the avaabilty of com ponsitio for igl apening i dished hea under he ame conditions stipslted for openings in shells ad ‘oad in P6214 provided the oovang ational re- ulemens re met P6215. The openings stall be located com: lel win he conta portion af ished head bounded ‘bythe angnt ine between the spherically dished person land the kee reas, but nt esr than the hens of thehead tothe edge ofthis crcieortoa fangstin mam ‘way For a 2:1 ellipsoidal head the opening shal be lo= fated completly within the centr porson of to head ‘bounded bya le equal to 80% ofthe isle diameter, tuto lover than th ches ofthe hen tothe edge tthe cee, 6-32.52 for dished heads other than ful: ‘mispercl beads the maximum allowable opening ir eer sal ot excead tat permitted in PC-22.1.4 for an ‘equivalent sell constactd ofthe same materia Raving the sume outside diameter ex the ange ofthe head od the sine manu alloweble working pressure asthe head 6-32.53 For fll-tomlspherical beads the ‘maximum allowable opening diameter stall not exceed that persed in PO-32.4 foram equivalent shell co tructed ofthe same material, having the seme outside ‘ameter asthe lange of the bead andthe same maximum lew working pressure as he head: where the value fused inthe elcultons of C3214 shall be one all the valve elated by he equation in POZA. 6-322 Shape of Openings 6-32.21 Openings in clindrical portions a ves sels oi formed heads shall preferably be cela lip ‘Sea or obra” ‘When the long dimension ofan elite or obround opening exoods twat sar densi, the compen ‘ton acoes the sor dimension shallbe laresod a8 ‘essary to provide agaist excessive distortion due to ‘sting moron 76-3222 openings may be of other shapes than ‘ose glen P3221, anal comers shallbe provided ‘vith sutable rads When the openings ae a sue p= postions tht thelr streng canna be computed witha Sarance of accuracy, of when doubt exists a2 tothe ‘fey ofa vessel with such openings, the pat ofthe vessel siected shal be subjected toa proof ytrostate est as prescribed P5-18. 5-323 sizeof Openings. PG3231 Properly enforced openings inctindrle ‘land spherical shls are not ime ato Sze and stall, ‘omply with te pevisions that follow, and wih te ad ‘nal provisions given under P3232 7.3232 The rules given era for compensation ‘ppl to openings ot exceeding he allowing dimension: {for vessel 60 (1500 mm nse dameter and less, oneal the vessel inside dlameter but not over 20. (500 rm). (for vessels over 60 tn. (1 500 mn) inside ameter, ‘one-thid the vessel nside diameter but nt one 40 fn (00 mn) 763233 Larger openings should be gen spec attenton std may be provided with compensation i 2 “able manner thas complies withthe Intent ofthe Code fuls Ii recommended thatthe corspensation provided be dstribated cose tthe opening (A provision of about two-thirds ofthe required compensation within estance taneous of the nove diameter on each ide ofthe fished opening ts suggested) Special consideration should be given to the fabiatondetas used and thei Secon employed on crcl openings compensation of ten may be advantageously obtained by use of a thicker Shall plat for a vase course or Inserted locally around {he opening welds maybe ground to concave contour nd th Inside corners a the opening rounded toa gener ‘us radius to reduce stress concenratians. Appropriate roo testing maybe advisable In ertreme cases of large ‘openings approaching fll vessel diameter, openings of ‘asa shape ete PG-33 COMPENSATION REQUIRED FOR OPENINGS IN SHELLS AND DISHED HEADS G32 Genera. The rules in the subporagraphop- nly all eesing ter than Magen openigs 6-29.22, openings nt ada covert by PAS and penings covered within PG-32.1.2, PG-32.1.4, end PoszI5, a‘When roquiredscomponsation shall be provided ia such amount and distbuton that the requlements for aren af ompenstion ar satisid forall planes though he cen terof the opening nd normal othe eee src. For a ecalr opening tm acylincial shel the plane containing ‘the aso he shal the plane of greats lading i 9 pressure 6-332 Area Required. The total cross-seedonal area ‘of compeasationrogtred in any given plane ora vessel ‘under ntral pressure shallbe hotles than 48 tied inPpre P0331. PG-32.3 The notation use inthis paragraph is de- fined flows: f= dlameter in the plane under consideration of tho ‘nished opening (see Figure F332) += the maximum diameter ofthe threads nth plane tnder consideration inthe rise opening fer n> Side tapped NPT Binge Dy = outside dameter of enforcing Cement (The actual Se of reinforcing element may exceed the its of feinforcement established by PG-36; however, freditcannot be taken for any material outside these nts) P= factor fom PO33 and gure PC-333, which com onsites forthe vation in pressure stresses on {Eferoat planes with respect to the longa {sofa elidel shall F= LD for formed ort Jr = Soong eduction factor not pester tan 10 (50° gure Po-33), fir =3il8 Gea = Neste of, oF 5)15- Gis = S118 {t= ahtance norte projects inward rom the outer su ce of he vest wall Extonsion ofthe moze be- md the inside surface of the vessel wall not ited however, for reinforcement ealeuations, credit shal not be taken for material outside the limits of forcement etblsted by Fo-36) 2g = Inside rads ofthe note under coideration 13 5 allowable sress vuoi tension (fom Tables 1A fn 18 of Scion I, Part Sy © allowable stress home (se) 5S} © allowable sess nveinfocing element (ate) (86 a 5, = alae stress i vessel oe 5} 1 thst of the vessel wall = thls of attached reinforcing pad or height of the ages 50 deg eight rangle oppor By te ‘sel and nore outside dimeter projected r= faces and ying completly within the area of int tral reinforcement (sre Figure P6332), ori hisknas of mori al = required thickness ofa seaness shel head com pte bythe rules ofthe Code forthe desigaced pressure, exept whe {te opening and ts compensation are nator ‘spherical head andare entirely within the spberiat orton; the thickness requed fora seamless emisphercal head ofthe sume rads os ht the spherical portion (@) the opening nits compensation arian e- lpsoidal headin which ae al ft mori qual 0 one fourth of the inside ameter, ana located ental wie dele the eater of ich eines with the centr ofthe ead an the a= ‘eter of which sequal to BD¥ of the sel nde Alameter fe th thickness requ for a esr hemisphere heal of radius equal 090% ofthe Inside meter ofthe shell reuired tikes of samiecs nove wall fund bythe formula use for ¢ fr the shel, tating the C factor (dhe value ofS used tn determin {shall be based onthe nome materi). The vale (Foy shall be taken a5 20o for the entire wal of ‘mane and handbole rings projecting stereliy ‘withthe ever onthe inside wg = wide ofthe nezl inserted int the vessel wal be yond y, ot greater han Che larger of 2 =f oF¢ {eee Piguce 832.) PG-34FLANGED-IN OPENINGS IN FORMED HEADS 6-34. All openings in torsphrl lipid and berepherical ead al be provide with renforamont In ccordance wth P63, except or heads that mothe requirements In PG-34'2 and PG-29.3,PC-297, and Poza, PG-342 A flanged manhole opening ina dished ‘nea shall be flanged tos depth of not ese than three les the required thicker ofthe fd for plate upto pin. (30 a) in heer. For ple exeseding 1 Ih {Gi mun in thickness, the depth sball be the hones of the plate plus 3 i, (75 mn). The depth of flange shall, be dermined by placing a staght eg across he aut sie opering along the major axis and measuring from the staph edgs to the edge af the Hanged opening. A ‘nantol opening maybe compensated bya manboe Png ‘rother tachment in plac of angi accordance ith Poss PG-35 COMPENSATION REQUIRED FOR ‘OPENINGS IN FLAT UNSTAYED HEADS |AND FLAT STAVED PLATES 6-35. Genora. The rues nhs paraprph apply 2 all openings other than small openings covered by PoseLaty, G-35.2. Hat unstayd heads tht have an opening with ¢ diameter tha der not exc anal af he head “Uametr or shorts pan sted in P31, shal have ‘oul cos-sectional area of eompensaton not les than 15 tes the required arce specie n PO332. Cc Cc ©2o1ssecnon Figure PG-33. ‘omenclature and Equations fr Reinforced Openings sates Nees tou ein ‘Sena tne note 8. te renin EEE A = oer | near “Sioa Zahm ftom) a “lene 2a Steet tata) 1 nf rota Sraecing asm SS) Ae ‘ate te = Att Acazrie neste SE. by «ah bono aes wet = he =e a = Ole Peart nines P= ta = Pa da eo A hee gsAeyeAg>A————_ pring aot nod Wetvsarsa hu A——— ea accra a est ‘alarskinemerteinceos gern gj Dac A= mae a= Omaha Naeem, EEE Ar = y-d-20ea [Aen peril EA hey ay gs Aes By A Opin dy nd a) Tae arses canon ee ences ot nde ooh ter srs pres bye Gace fo) Seeassarareastorccntaes of honencacre la) Forehand oh rt (2) Tommi pee ecg or ecin cen ht tin en of rem2019 Seno Figure Po-33.2 ‘Some Representative Configurations Describing the Dimensions th, and d [enna None te strain (6 trie with tion oo (2) apes ‘ant earn re ‘estan fe) {S)the 0 em want hw ot sate) yp lr Baron (en (2.Figore P6333 (Chart for Determining Value of F ‘aot a oss] > ‘Aoi wih pan th longi aig 3 ws 8) 7% Bm Asanahernativ, the ilaess may be merase pro= vide the necessary openings compensation as specie in PG-8521 and P9822 6-35.21 Ry using 2 oF 0.75 m place of whleh- ver eles eq PO-3132(1) or eg. POST3S(3) for cae Cultig ead thes in P13 or 7695.22 Ineq PO-3132(2) or og 06-3136) by dabling she quay under the square ot sgn, PG-35.3 Flat unstayed hands that have an opening vwithadlameter tat excess oneal ef thehead dete ‘rshortst spun, as defined In P33, shal be designed Ss provided in POEL PG-35.4_ Openings nat stayed pats such 5 water- laps andtubesets of firetube bollers shal have eal rossectonal ares of empensation ne less than OS, a where 4 = for clcular openings, the diameter ofthe Snished ‘opening: for eliptiesl openings, the major ses of $e asked opening of for oter shapes, he mx ‘mun span 1 the requir thickness forte stayed surface ele lst in accordance with C-46 using the menu alstance between stays, tubes oF eter suppor it the aren where the opening resides PG-36 LIMITS OF METAL AVAILABLE FOR ‘COMPENSATION PG-361 The boundaries ofthe crose-sertional rea in ‘ny ple norma othe vsel vl andl passing trough the center ofthe opening within which aea metal must be located in order to have alia compensation ae = slgnted asthe Limits of compensation fr tat plane (see gure PO-33.). PG-362_Thelintsofcompenston, measured pra Jato the vessel wall shall be aa ance en each ie of the axis of the opening, equal tothe greater ofthe folowing PG-2621 The dlametr of th riche opening. 6-36.22 The ats of he Srished opening rls ‘he theless of he vessel wal plus the hcknes of he eae wall P-363 The tints of compensation, measured noe rma othe vessel wall shal conform tothe contour of the surfoe at a stance fom each surace equal to the smaller of ie lowing: 6363.1 2% times the nomial sll heres. 6-36.32 24 times the nozzle thekness plas the thickness of any added compensation, exclusive of ‘ed metal onthe sie ofthe shell under consideration. P6364 Metal within the lint of rnforcement that ‘maybe considered to have enforcing vale shall clude fhe flowing 6-36.41 Metal nthe vse wall ver and above the thickness required to rest pressure. The ares of he ‘esol wall aval as compensation is hearer of the Values of 4; given by the equations shows 18 gure FO 7-36.42 Metal over and shove the thins re gle sn revit pressre in hat par of 4 nozle wal 2 fending ove the vesa wall The maximum are in the nol wal avaable as compensation ithe smaller ofthe values ofA given by the equations shown in Figure PO-351, ‘Al etal in the nore wal tending sd the vest wal may be inde. allowance shal be taken or the fac thts ferent pressure an an inwardly extend nozzle may cause opposing sess to tha ofthe stres in {ho stl around the openingPG-36.43 Moral added as compensation (contin ‘uy beut the nel) when welded to both the vesel ‘hd nome and metal provided in stachment welds 76-365 Typical examples ofthe appleation of the shove rules represented n 65 Coun A. PG-37 STRENGTH OF COMPENSATION P71 Matera used for eompenstion ball ave an lovable stress value agua to or grester than ht of Ee ‘material nthe vesel wal, exept tat materi OF lower Ssrangh may be used provided the area of compensation Istnereasod a averse proportion tothe rat ofthe al se stess values ofthe two materials to compensate for the lower allowable stress vale ofthe compensation No ceditmay be taken forthe atonal strength of any com pensation having higher lowabl stress value than that ff the vessel wal Depostd weld metal outside of ether the vessel wall ran reinforcing pad usod as reinforce: tment shall be credited with an allowable stress value ‘eulvlent othe weakor of the materials connected by the wld. Vossel-e-nazle of pad-tomosale attachment ‘weld metal within the vsel wal within te pad may be crded witha sess value egal to that ofthe vessel all or pad respectively. 7-372 ‘The welds that stach elements of compense- ton that are not a integral pare of he wees! wal hall Inve a strength, nat es than te aae ere hy thoee semen fine x flow wads, where 4, Ay and Sy are defined in PG-33.3 and gure P33. 0-373 When a reinforcing pad is roqulrd by he rules of F6-35,the welds attaching the nezle tothe pad nd sel shall be checked independently to asure that ‘the oa avid bythe nda laments an be tans nt by the atsching wel For detalld equitemente and examples of eaealating the strength of welds, see Pus. PE-374 Welds attaching elements of compensation reed not satity the weld stent requirements of 6372 under the folowing dreumstances (openings that are exempt in PC fom compensa ‘son caleaatone (0) openings designe by ligaments rues of POS? and Po-S3 and/or (6) openings with sements of compensation attached by fl ponetraon weds sted im P86 P6375 Theminimum weld ses shal not be smaller ‘tha to minimum requeed by PUES. 2 PG-38 COMPENSATION FOR MULTIPLE ‘OPENINGS PG-38.1 When any two adjcent openings that r= ‘quire compensation ae spaced a less than two timer the distance defined in P3162 stat hc site of come pensation ovrap the two openings (or silly for ay larger group of openings) shall be ompensted in accor dance With P33 with a compensation tht ean area ‘ua to the combined are ofthe emerson regard {forthe separate openings No portion afte cro section ‘hall be copsidered as applying to meore than one opening for be evaluated more thas oe ina combined area, G38 Two ascent openings bl ve distance between centers not Tess than 1 times ther average diameter PG-383. When a group of perings is provide with ‘compensation by a thicker satan butwelded ino the Shell or head. the ees ofthe inserted section shal be ered at pressed in P53, 6-384 When shellor dram aca sels of ie in 4 definite pattern, the net ersesetona area betwee ‘nye Hnished opening within ths Inte othe acta Shell wall excluding the portion ofthe capesten not fused tothe shell wal, shall equal at least O.7F ofthe ‘cross-sectional are obtained by mlipying th one o- tear distance ofthe opetings bythe required tines fra seamless shel, where the factor i taken fom Figure PG-383 forth plane under consideration (roe gure P30) PG-39 METHODS OF ATTACHMENT OF PIPE AND NOZZLE NECKS TO VESSEL WALLS 6-30. General Except ae Lad in PC-2, noes ‘may be attached othe shell or heed of a ese By ny of the metods of attachment given Is dus pargraph, 6-302 Welded Connections. tachment by weld ing shal be in accordance withthe requirements of PAS and PWG. PG-39.4 studded Connections. Connections may be mado by meas of tet studs The vest sl ave 9 At surface machined on the shell or ona bul. pad, or fn. properly atache plate or fiting. Dried hoes to be taped for straight treads shal not penetrate within ‘ne fourth ofthe wal tekness from te nsde surface Df the vessal ules ala the minimum hckners ‘ure as above s maintained by adding metal tthe Eide surface ofthe verrel. Where tapped holes are provided for studs, th treads shal be fll and ceay, ZA [ta nut cath re a ere sry eSrand timelpie oy 04°F nuk fs vale Feo ger s33s0d4 the ged ns a ani Si nd stall engage the stud fr alent not ss than he ar erotd, or Mayu aowae srs vf Redcat tein temporte nam alevatie sear vahof apart desperate 0784, « In whlch di the dismeter of the std, excope thatthe ‘Heead engagement neod no excoed 1d, Studded eon ‘estion shall met the reglroments for compensation, ‘ere for compensdtion shall be alowed for any eeas stated by studs oly. PG-395 Threaded Connections. 7-29.51 Wheres threaded connection sto bo made to a alles component tesball be into 2 theaded holes The threads shall conform tothe requirements of [ASME 81203 and provide forthe pe to engage the mn- ‘ur number of treads spoced in Table PG9 after = Towance has ben made for carature of he vessel wal A Dull pad oe propery attached pate fing may be {sed to provide the metal thlekness and sumer of threads equte in Table P39, rt ari eompense tion when rege 2 6-38.52 Threaded joint for boiler connections a) xerel piping shal ei accordance withthe follow Sea and pressute limitations and shall not be used whore the emperatreeroods 925°F (495°, asian Fer sam sm ne5¢00) | 300) oom 7h son3) 20, so san) Son's) re9 B00 1) (8) {4.20 mae 0000) P6-2853 Tiveaded connections for pg closures used for inspection openings, nd closes and siniar ‘Purposes may be used win the sks and pressure iit- ‘on of Table PGS. P6-38.6 Expanded Connections. Provided the surements for eompensatin are meta pip, ub, fr fing rot exceeding 6 i (150 mm) in outside diameter thay be tne ose ead, headers o tings by n> ering trough an opening and expanding in accordance trith the rales for eube attachment in Parts PWT end ET, whichever apleable "the sharp edger leftin delig tube ols shall bo re moved on both tee of th ple with leo er tak ‘The ina surface of he tube olen any form of aache iment may be grooved or chamfered P6-29.7 All welded connections sal be posted heat ented after attachment ules speitaly allowed stherwic, PG-42 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FITTINGS, FLANGES, AND VALVES 6-421 Applcable ASME Standards. Sxcopt when supplied as misalnenus pressure parte under the prov ‘Sons of PG al tng, anges, and valves shall moot the egurement ofthe flowing ASME Standards, ined ing the restriction contained within he standards and sy ted ae pat of thie Cod The product standard e- tales the basi for presrure-temperature ating abd arking P6421 | ASME B16:, Gray rn Pipe Fangs and anged zoe 6-42.13 ASMF.816.2, Maleale Iron Threaded ‘tinge, Clases 150 (PH 20) ane 300 (PH 50) PG-A21.4 ASME B16.t, Gray Iron Threaded Pings 6-42.15 ASM B16S, Pipe Manges and Flanged ings 622 FC-422) PEARLS Pressre-Temperstre Ratings por ‘rebe2 awanus secrow Table PG-39 ‘Minimum Number of Threads Per Connection 1S aber Uae ‘raw ding 0 pe She eine mmo 5, = te haz thee sas 8 Beatle 2 tO > oo ff in pt ie raged - ee rere one 0 ot veto 5) hah rmth thas awe eat pg ¢ 7 8 ee in pte ogee os a ‘Tres wptoant nang Suet np onmcin BY = Bam fase swim esas ae aw. ‘reas : 7 ee > te Rh Micra) boo he Rom OG Set oe eto) sae suet sm toes am aso te i ee 4 Moog se P6-42152 Focing Dimensions oterthan ring PO-A2..14_ASWEB1642, Duce ron Pipe anges Jom pee Tae and Mange iting chases 150 (PN 20) a 309 (PSD) P6-42.1.83 Facing Dimensions forRingjoint OPER) Fangs pee Table 5 P-42.2_ Marking. Avalos and fing: cal be marked withthe name, wademareo other entation 20-2154 Dimersns of Flanges Presents tae or er entiation ating Cases pe Tables @ rough 28 {ng except thatthe pressure rating marking may be PG-A2.1.6 ASME 8169, Factory-Made Wrought omited om: Stee Barwelding Frings 6-42.21 Cast om threaded fing for Cass 125, ‘When pressure raings are established mdertheprvl- (py Nopamrtngpeeena a sons of prs 21 a ASME B16 thy hal be east se forsirghtseandessppeiaccordance wih ASME S311. PG-4222_Mallale ron threaded ings for Cass Pars suchas lap-joint stub ends fabricated by welaing 250 (PN 20) working pressure wit ler metal aed may not be used in Code Constroe ton, unless they are fabriested in accordance with PG-#2:23._Nonfurous threaded tings for Classes Pon, 125 (PN 20) and 250 (0M 50) working presse P6W2.7 ASME 516.11, Forged Ping, Socket: PG-42.24 Cas ron and nonferrous companion Wilding and Threaded (see P6422), anges PG-42.1.8 ASME BI6.15, Cast Copper Alloy P4225 Adina! markings for btwn ‘Threaded ltngs, Clases 125 and 250 (et PG.4 and tings as called or by srveral Cade Standart foal valves Powzainy nd fitigs are recommended Ifthe sae ad shape of he valve ing permit. PG-A2..9 ASME 816.20, Metalic Gaskets for Pipe “sr "anges: Ringo spra-Wound, and jackem 6-423 Flange Materials. Flanges sal be mate of ‘naterls permit by ts Seon a of material pe PO-a2L10 ASME B:6.24, Cast Copper Ally Pipe Cy itd in the applcable praduet andar ited i anges and Flanged Pings (ee PO-34). PC-A24, bot not of material spetealy prod or be- POLI ASME 81625, Butea Ende ‘yond th use limitations listed in tis Seton, Reled or forged Manges may be made from material conferting 6-42.12 | ASwE 916.34, Valves — Flanged, to any forging epedeton among these pert male ‘Tread and Welding End (ee PG-422 and PG-4243) als excep tat SA-181 shall not be use for anges *aon secron ose presse rating higher than Class 300 (PN 50) Hub-sype flange shall ot be cot or machined fom pte material, PG-42.4 Additional Requirements. Flanges made of ‘other materials permitted under tis Section stall be at Inst eal tothe stength equrenants, and the acing rensons and ble ces shall saree wit the Standard horse requ 6-42.41 The thickness of al fitting and valve ods subject to pressure shall bo not los han tat re quired by the applicable ASME Standard listed (a 6-421 forthe coresponding maximum allowable woke Ing ressre nd tmperture forthe material used. The ‘lindrel ends of eas steal welding end valves ana ft ‘Sngrconfrmingto ASME D165 or 1634 nay be proper toned sth cating quality factor of 100% provided {hoe aren are Anish machined both side and eutsce, Sr eotflly inspected, and thatthe contour ofthe weld {ng end transton complies with PG-#242. PG-A2A2 The welding ends of component bois such as fitings and valves, whether constructed of east products, wrought products or any oe abriestion pro- eer acroptable under the Code, shall provide agadal ‘hang in hicknes om tat ofthe alin pe to that ofthe component ody. Any coniguration of Weld end transom thts entirely win de envelope shown ia "gore PO-#2 nace provided tht (a) he allthis inthe tration region no ess han the smaller ofthe ting or vale thickness requred by P6244 or the mama value of he pipe tices in dlibed under Figure P42. {B) the transiton region including the weld ont shall sro sharp reenran snes and abrupt changes slope. ‘inen the needed angle betweun any to ajlnng St Faces of taper transition les ha 150 de, te int Section or corner (except forthe wed relnfocement) Shall be provided with as of at east 00S qi “The configurations and tlaraces suggested by suck wellend standards as ASM 8169 and ASME 616.25 ‘reacepiabl nl tothe extent hat the resulting product Sd weld jose wi comply with these regutrements of 6-42.42. In Figure P21 the thickness in the plane tthe en ofthe tng o valve shall not be ethan ne Sod shall no exceed # maximum of eter: the greater oF [emia 015 (4m oF 115¢qip won ordered on 8 ‘minim wal basis, ofthe greater of [Emin O25 In. (fmm)} oF 110tyon when Sedered on 2 nomial wal at PG-42.4.3 Fittings in which thore are minor shang inthe centr-zfaco dimensions orn whieh the rae of eliows dle from thoso given in an ASME Sa ‘ard in PG-421 may be conedord fall win the scope ‘ofthe standard provide the eer requirements formate Fal densi and thickness are met 35 PG-42-44 Flanges and fange tings meeting the requirements of ASME 3165 or valves meting the re ‘gltemient of ASME 81624 may be wed athe pressure Tenipereture rains erase by tose standards Sas ‘ard Class, Special Ges, or Limited Class valves may be ‘se, provide that al parts ofthe valves ae stable forthe presure-temperature conditions a which they eta be used. Valves of intermediate rating or Class, a¢ ‘descrted in ASME BU634, or permite. 6-42.45 When the service requirements exceed the permissible values gven In ASME B16.5 or ASME ‘82634, the roglrements ofthe Coe willbe met Ifthe bong material Mange thickness, and/or boty thickness fe incase co thot the deflection limits 00 rater the act of Safty sno les than that ofthe nearest Pressure Haling Css In ASHE BI6S or ASME BIG34. 6-42.46 Stel butowelding xmas may be used ‘provided tey area Tenet equal the roglrements of ASME B16. 6-42.47 ASME Standard slip-on farges shall not ‘vcoed NPS ¢ (DN 100) Aachen fiom Danges shal ‘be by double files welds The trroat of the filet welds Shall ot be les han 07 tines the theknes ofthe part to which he flangos attache. P6WA2.8.8 ASME Standard socket welded Manges maybe aed in piping or bolt nosis provided the ce tensions do nat exceed NYS 3 (ON ) for Class 600 (@N'110} and Tower, and NPS 2Yy (DNS) i Classes 500 (150) and 1.500 (PN 260). P6249 Threaded fing of cst on or male se fon conforming tothe requirements ofthe ASME Standards for Classes 125 (PN 20), 150 (PN 20), 250 {(®N'S0), and 300 (PN'50) pressure may be used except ‘whore atric specifiy prohibited or where flanged ‘ings are specially require hey shallot be si for temperatures ove #508 (230°C). PO-A2A10 Castor forgesteal threaded fitings ‘or valves that are alent equal othe strength requ tent of he ASME Standsrd tings hat would oterwise berequiet maybe used inal cases except where Nanged Frings ae speiesly rene. PG-42.411 The casting quality factors given in 6.25 donot apaly eo ASME Standard cas sto tings ‘whowe dimensions and ratings are incorporated inte Cote Bronze threaded or Aang type Atings or valves may ‘beused povided they are atleast qual to tbe sreagth re ‘quirements of ASME 8161 gray iron figs that would ‘there be reqlred. Bronze threaded figs may be se if they comply wits ASME 1615, The material hall ‘comply with PSO snd the allowable working sees oto exced the values given in Tble 1B of Secon Ti Port D, exept as provided in PO-73:34 Bronze shal a201s secron Flgure P6121 Welding End Transitions Maximum Envelope Man 45405 maximum Component rig Mam pm see hate acu 9 Wt 205, 2a, "TaonRagion Genera nores: (Woe bevels town for Bust ony (61 Theva entree: pamites by PHS maybe ode he maxima evens ores: (1 Te aus ft whchoer fh fon is appt (3) te mints oaerac va eines te pge o ‘8, theminimar erred wel hens fhe be oe 16) R875 tee the nominal wal hoes specced pissed wal ‘helnass at has on undenlranaeo T2 ako {a hemi oraad wel ticks: ft ea waling end component or ‘ting fr ein oe wel when thee bate wo comport, (2) Thomacrim betnos the nao he cormorant {te grentorof ft 018 rn 1 ng, han Oe an a iia wal bs (0) terest +018 ma or 10h, when ores on snoring wl atinotbe ued where sted a other mater s specially squire. Thesded type fitings shall not bo used were Tange types ar specie. 6-43, NOZZLE NECK THICKNESS “The minimuin thickness of nozle nek (icuding 2 ess opnlngs and openings for inspection) shall not be less than oh tlcness required forthe aplicable load ‘ngs. Additonal, the minimum thickossof= poze neck (Creep for acess openings and openings fr inspection) hl be not les tha the salle of tho flowing ‘PG-43.1 The minimum required thickness ofa seam tees solo ead to which ti atached PGe43.2_ ‘The minimum wal thickness of standard wal pipe listed in ASME 36.108, PG-44 INSPECTION OPENINGS PG-44. Albis or parts thereof shall be proviced ‘with suitable manhole, hindole, or other Inspection pening for examination o leaning. exopt fr spect ‘Gpes of balers here sich openings ae manifestly not ede or uce ‘Spesfc requirements for accezs openings in certain ‘ypes of oles appear nother paragrapts ‘a elliptical manhole opening stall be not less than 32'n + 16 in (00 mm = 400 me) ie, ‘Accor masdele opening sal be notes han 15 in (680 mn In dametr ‘Ahatahole opening na bole ram o shel shal be rot os tha 27 37 (20 ram» 89 rm) but ferecommended that, where pssbl age sles be usd nol, handbole inspection, ad washout openings ‘na shel or unstayd head shal be designed i aecordance withthe eles of FO-32 to PO-42 ‘Whee a dhveaded openings tobe usd fr inspection or washout parposes,rchal Be not estan Ln (25 rn) Die ste The casing plug or cap skal be of nonferrous ‘itera exept for presses of oer 250 psi (17 MPa} "The thread shall be satdard tapered ppe thread, ec ‘opti stright fred of equal seength maybe used if ‘othr sling surfaces to prevent leakage are provided. 442 Manhole and handhole cover plates and yokes shall be of rolled forged of east sve! except that for pressures at exceeding 280 ps (1.7 MP2), and/or temperatures not exceecng 450° (230°) etter hand hoe cover plates of yokus may be made of stron com iyi with A278. "The strength ofall such pars together with the Dols sd yes, any, sal be proportioned forthe service for wah they ae ese 6-443 The minimum with of esrng surface for a ‘gsherona marae opening shal Yo (17m). No [Btkt ors ona manhole or handball stall, have a thickness greater than in. (6 mm), when compressed v PG-46 STAYED SURFACES PG-46.1. The minimem thickress and maximum lowable working premir for stayed flat plates and hose ars tht by these rules, require staying as at plates ‘with stays orstaybots of uniform damete smmetcly Spaced, shall be calculated by the flowing equations: on a a poe a for welded stays or stays serewed throush plates not over gl (1m im thes wth vend over += 22 for welded stays or stays serwed trough ats oer Jag (1 mm) tikes wth oes vetod over = 25 forsayeserewed trough plates an ted with Sng nuts outside of pat or with nie and out ‘Side nut, oiting washers 23 for stays wth heads no ls than 13 times the ‘lamerer of me rengsferewed trough plates oF tuado a taper fit and having the heads farmed on the tay btore stalin them an ot ted over, {nd headsbelngmade to have true earings the pate 2 for stays fitted with inside ad tse mats and ‘utide washers where the diameter of washers Sot less than Op and hcknos ot es than £ = tsi allowable working pressure pt (HP suimur pitch measured between straight ines ‘sstng through the centers ofthe staybots inthe {ierent rows, which ines may be horizontal ard ‘sere or nd and ereusferestl in (mm) '§ «simi allowable ses piven iTable LAF Sec. too Par, pt (P=) {= nian ene of plate. (es) G-46.2 The minimum thickness of plates to which staysmay be appli mater anette phercal bute sell plates, shall be hein (8 ma), except for ‘weed construction cover by PW-29. P6463. When two plats are connected by stays and only one ofthese plates requires staying the value of C ‘hl be governed bythe Ckness of the plate reguling saying. PG-46.4 Acceptable proportions for the ends ‘of through-stays with washers are Indicated in Figure Po-862.Figure P6-46.2 ‘Acceptable Proportions for Ends of Trough-Stays cemeanaeaea eae cae SN CN Neutee nan tt C228 oe, PG-46.3 The maximum piteh shall be 8% in (215 mm) except tat for welded stables the pel ‘nay be greater provided doesnot exceed 25 tes the daneter of he stable For the application of PG-48 and PFT-26, see gure A, PGES Where the saybolig of balls is ussymine- toe by reason of interference with bit taps oF other “onstruction eis pers to consider te lad eared ‘by each staybote athe area alee by taking the doe {tance from te center ofthe pacing on one sie ofthe bole {the contr ofthe spacing an the other sds PG-46.7_ The ends of stay tad with nuts shall note exposed to the erect ailant het othe re. 6-46.8 Stays exceoding 120 dtamctrs in length shall be supported at intervals not exceeding 120 ais: moter orth crus sectional tea ofthe tay shall eit (reased by notes tha 1596 off required ae PG-s7 STAYBOLTS PG-4741 The ends of stapbolts or stays screwed through the plate shall exend beyond the plate not ever ‘than two treads when instal er Which chy stall be "eeted ove rupee by an equivalent proces without ex ss searing a he pats or they sal be ited th Sreaded nuts through which te oltor sty shall exten ‘Tho heed lead of both ond and both plates beng stayed shall be synchronized to permit the bol tobe insaled without tripping the treads. The outside ends of sold staybols 8 (200 rem) end less in eg of wiform iameter throughout Se length, shall be dled with al tae oes atleast en, Sm In ameter toa depth ox tending a fest fn (13 mm) beyand the aside of he plate such staybolts are reduced in ston tween ‘hel ends below thet dameter atthe oat of te thread, the tala holes shall extend at east Ji. (13 ma) be yond th point where the eduction insaeton commences Htiow staybolts may be uso In pace of oie taybolte ‘in ied ends Sli stays over (200 rm) long 8nd flexible staybolts of either the jointed or Balls * and-socket type need not be dil, Stapbols used in ‘waterogs of watertube Bolles shall be low or diled st both ends, accordance with to requtements above Sine respective of thelr length all readed stsybolts ‘ot normal to the stayed Surface shall have not les than three engaging threads of which atleast one sal be fall thread, but the tices of the teri athe bes ot sufcent to give one fll engaging tres ee plates shal be sulcentiy reinforced on the inside by 2 tel Date welded thereto. Teliale holes are not rquired In Sua azached by welelag, PG-472 The ends of steal stays upset for threading stall ely anteate ater upseting G47. Rogulrment fo welded in taybot at ven in P19, 6-48 LOCATION OF STAYBOLTS PG-48.2 When the edo ofa fat stayed plate is flanged, the distance from the center ofthe outermost stays the isi ofthe supporting Range shal not be ‘rater than the pth ofthe stays pls these rade tthe ange PG-49 DIMENSIONS OF STAYBOLTS PG-40: The quired are of staybolt a ke ml mum eos section shall be obtained by dvdng the load fon the staybol computed in accordance with PFT-26, by {te alll stun value In seoraance with Table 2A of Section I Pare, and mulling te esas by 1.10. For scam lcomatives ony, te allowable ses hal be limite to 7500 pst (51.7 MF). PG-49.2_The dimer ofa screw stay shall be taken ac the bottom ofthe threat or wherever of the eat loner PG-52 LIGAMENTS: 6-52. Tho rules of ts parngranh apply to grouse ‘of openings that form a defi pater n prose pat, (forpatters not deft, ee PG-53) The efeny ofthe ligament betweon the tbe Hoes sal be determined as folows (oe Figure PO-2.1)- 6-522 Openings Parle to Vessel Axe. 6-52.21 Wien the pitch ofthe tubes on every tube row is equal (asin Figure PG'522}, the equation eect ? ‘ample: Pitch of tbe hoes in the drum as shown in gute P-S22 = 5], i Dlametrof tube = 34 in Dia smear of ube hoes = Hn ped. S25

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