Brain Researchers

1) Recent advances in neuroscience enable doctors to manipulate the workings of the brain and
intervene to treat some neurological disorders. How far should researchers go in their quest to
understand this complex organ and improve people's quality of life, and to what extent should they
be responsible for making sure that others do not misuse their findings are questionings that must
be answered. Dr. Vincent Walsh, a professor of cognitive neuroscience at University College
London, has discussed the use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial
direct current stimulation (TDCS).
2) Studies published in the past few years purport to show that some brain stimulation techniques
can enhance a variety of brain functions, such as memory, numeracy, and language learning. For
example, cheap brain stimulation devices are now available commercially, making it possible for
anyone to attempt to boost their brain function. Although the only indication showing relatively solid
evidence of improvement with brain stimulation devices is depression, smaller studies looking at
cognitive improvement appear to have been the key drivers of increased interest among
researchers and the lay public in the technology's potential.
3) Dr. Walsh questioned the reliability of these findings. "We're at a stage where the quality control
of these brain studies has become very poor," he said. "There are some very bold claims, but
there isn't a single significant replication between laboratories. One of the most highly cited paper
in the field comes from my own laboratory, and I've twice failed to replicate it myself," said Dr.
Walsh. He also pointed out that brain enhancement effects seen under laboratory conditions are
unlikely to transfer to our daily lives. "The enhancement effects seen in the laboratory are
significant and meaningful, but there are no significant demonstrations of them in real-world
situations."
4) "We are no longer in control of what stories the general public hears about our research data on
brain stimulation," added Walsh. "They can decide which papers are worth listening to before any
scientific consensus has been reached, so we have a duty to be much more measured in the
claims we make." Walsh thinks that brain stimulation should not be used to enhance performance
in sports, education, or other realms. "You don't get good at anything with a short-term fix, but with
years of training and judgment. If we allow cognitive enhancement into education then we lose the
whole idea of what education is about." Clinical neuropsychologist Barbara Sahakian of the
University of Cambridge said that brain enhancement may be desirable in certain situations. "We
may want to enhance military personnel in a war situation, or doctors who are working late at
night, to keep them awake and alert."
5) Now, how far should researchers go to understand the humans brain? Dr. Itzhak Fried, a
professor of neurosurgery and psychiatry at the University of California has discussed the ethics of
performing experiments on people with epilepsy during brain surgery. Most epileptic patients
respond well to anticonvulsant drugs, but in the minority who do not, surgery is performed as a last
resort. Using a technique pioneered by Wilder Penfield in the 1930s, surgeons can use electrodes
to identify and remove the brain tissue producing the seizures while the patient is fully conscious.
After placing the electrodes onto the brain surface, the surgeon has to wait, sometimes for many
days, for the patient to have a seizure. This provides the rare opportunity to study the brain
directly. "We are very privileged to be able to do this, but it raises serious ethical issues," said Dr.

Fried. Surgery is perfectly justified, he explained, but performing experiments is not-while it may
provide some insight into how the brain works, it is of no benefit whatsoever to the patient.
6) All members of Fried's neurosurgery program are required to examine and adhere to the
Belmont Report, which sets out ethical principles and guidelines for the protection of study
participants. The three principles outlined in the report are: respect- in all cases, researchers must
protect patients' autonomy, treat them with the utmost courtesy and respect, and only enroll them
in such studies after informed consent; beneficence- researchers must maximize the benefits of
their experiments, while at the same time avoiding at all costs causing harm to the participants;
and, justice- researchers must ensure that their experiments are designed well and that their
procedures are safe, non-exploitative, and administered fairly. "When we prolong the operative
time, we may cause patient discomfort and injury to the brain tissue, so we have a special
responsibility to do good science and ask good questions," says Fried.

Glossary

To purport: supor, pretender

To boost: aumentar
Reliability: confiabilidade
Worth: que vale a pena
Seizures: convulses
To enroll: increver

1) Escolha a alternativa que traz a ideia principal do trecho abaixo, extrado do pargrafo 2.
Although the only indication showing relatively solid evidence of improvement with brain stimulation devices is
depression, smaller studies looking at cognitive improvement appear to have been the key drivers of increased
interest among researchers and the lay public in the technology's potential.

No existem evidncias concretas de que o aparelho de estmulo cerebral aumente a

capacidade cognitiva.
O aparelho de estimulao cerebral tem chamado a ateno de pesquisadores e do
pblico pelo seu potencial tecnolgico.
Estudos sobre aumento cognitivo com estimulao cerebral tm levado pesquisadores e
leigos a se interessarem pela tcnica.
Existem evidncias de que o aparelho usado para estimulao cerebrais pode aumentar
a depresso.
Embora o aparelho de estimulao cerebral tenha gerado interesse, mais estudos
precisam ser feitos para comprovar seus benefcios.
2) De acordo com o texto, o que se pode afirmar sobre a estimulao cerebral?
Aparelhos de estmulo cerebral esto sendo utilizados com sucesso no tratamento da
depresso, insnia, e dor crnica.
Estudos comprovam que algumas tcnicas de estimulao cerebral podem melhorar
funes cerebrais como a memria e habilidades matemticas.
J existem estudos concretos que comprovam os benefcios da estimulao cerebral no
aprendizado.
Pesquisadores acreditam que os atletas fazem parte do grupo de pessoas que pode se
beneficiar com a estimulao cerebral.
Segundo um pesquisador do assunto, a estimulao cerebral no deveria ser usada
para melhorar o desempenho escolar.
3) Escolha a alternativa que traz a ideia principal do trecho abaixo, extrado do pargrafo 4.
"We are no longer in control of what stories the general public hears about our research data on brain stimulation,"
added Walsh. "They can decide which papers are worth listening to before any scientific consensus has been
reached, so we have a duty to be much more measured in the claims we make."

Os pesquisadores no podem se responsabilizar pelos resultados de suas pesquisas

sobre estimulao cerebral.
As histrias que o pblico ouve sobre estimulao cerebral nem sempre so reais.
Pesquisadores precisam ter mais cuidado com as alegaes que fazem sobre
estimulao cerebral.

Falta consenso cientfico entre pesquisadores sobre os resultados das pesquisas sobre
estimulao cerebral.
Pesquisadores precisam ter mais cuidado com o que o pblico em geral ouve sobre
estimulao cerebral.
4) O que pode ser inferido do pargrafo 5?
Pessoas com epilepsia devem ser poupadas de estudos sobre o crebro caso no haja
benefcios para o paciente.
Aproveitar para estudar o crebro de pessoas com epilepsia durante cirurgia
eticamente questionvel, pois no traz benefcios para o paciente.
Pesquisadores devem levar em considerao que cirurgias em crebro de epilticos
podem trazer muitos riscos para o paciente.
uma oportunidade rara para neurocirurgies estudar o crebro de um epilptico
durante cirurgia.
Pesquisadores neurocirurgies devem aproveitar toda e qualquer oportunidade para
estudar o crebro.
5) A qual das alternativas abaixo se refere o pronome them (pargrafo 6)?
The three principles
Report
Researchers
Autonomy
Patients

6) Na frase:(...) researchers must ensure that their experiments are designed well and that their

procedures are safe, non-exploitative, and administered fairly (pargrafo 6), a palavra ensure
tem o sentido de:

Prevenir
Promover
Recusar
Assegurar
Substituir

7) Qual a ideia central do artigo?

Os perigos do uso indiscriminado de aparelhos de estimulao cerebral.

Pesquisadores em neurocincia falam sobre os novos tratamentos e tcnicas utilizadas
para melhorar as funes cerebrais.
Avanos na rea da neurocincia levantam questes ticas sobre os mtodos de
pesquisas sobre o crebro e a confiabilidade dos resultados.
Com a inteno de melhorar a qualidade de vida das pessoas, pesquisadores investem
na neurocincia.
O aperfeioamento das tcnicas de estimulao cerebral pode trazer benefcios para
vrios grupos de pessoas.
8) Em qual pargrafo citado que a estimulao cerebral pode no ser desejvel em certas
situaes?

pargrafo 1
pargrafo 2
pargrafo 3
pargrafo 4
pargrafo 5 ou 6

8) As prximas questes so baseadas no trecho abaixo, extrado do pargrafo 1. Clique em

AVANAR para visualizar as questes.

Recent advances in neuroscience enable doctors to manipulate the workings of the brain and intervene to treat
some neurological disorders. How far should researchers go in their quest to understand this complex organ and
improve people's quality of life, and to what extent should they be responsible for making sure that others do
not misuse their findings, are questionings that must be addressed. Vincent Walsh, a professor of cognitive
neuroscience at University College London, has discussed the use of non-invasive brain stimulation
techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS).

9) A qual das alternativas abaixo se refere o pronome they no trecho abaixo?

Recent advances in neuroscience enable doctors to manipulate the
workings of the brain and intervene to treat some neurological
disorders. How far should researchers go in their quest to understand
this complex organ and improve people's quality of life, and to what
extent should they be responsible for making sure that others do not
misuse their findings, are questionings that must be addressed.
Neuroscience
Doctors
Neurological disorders

Researchers
People

10) Na frase How far should researchers go in their quest to understand this complex organ and

improve people's quality of life, and to what extent should they be responsible for making sure
that others do not misuse their findings, are questionings that must be addressed, a
palavramisuse tem o sentido de:

Reutilizar
Promover
Aumentar o uso indevidamente
Ignorar
Fazer uso indevido

11) O que pode ser inferido do trecho abaixo?

Recent advances in neuroscience enable doctors to manipulate the workings of the brain and intervene to treat
some neurological disorders. How far should researchers go in their quest to understand this complex organ and
improve people's quality of life, and to what extent should they be responsible for making sure that others do not
misuse their findings, are questionings that must be addressed. Vincent Walsh, a professor of cognitive
neuroscience at University College London, has discussed the use of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques
such as transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS).

Os pesquisadores precisam avaliar at onde devem ir em suas pesquisas sobre o

crebro e nos tratamentos dos distrbios neurolgicos.
O professor Vincent Walsh no est satisfeito com os resultados das tcnicas de
estimulao cerebral.
Mesmo com os avanos em neurocincia, pesquisadores no conseguem intervir para
tratar alguns distrbios neurolgicos.
A cincia tem sido incapaz de entender e manipular as funes cerebrais e propor
tratamentos para distrbios neurolgicos .
Pesquisadores precisam ser mais responsveis com a divulgao de novos tratamentos
para alguns distrbios neurolgicos.
11) As prximas questes so baseadas no trecho abaixo, extrado do pargrafo 3. Clique em
AVANAR para visualizar as questes.

"We're at a stage where the quality control of these brain studies has become very poor," he said. "There are some
very bold claims, but there isn't a single significant replication between laboratories. One of the most highly cited
paper in the field comes from my own laboratory, and I've twice failed to replicate it myself,"said Dr. Walsh. He also
pointed out that brain enhancement effects seen under laboratory conditions are unlikely to transfer to our daily
lives. "The enhancement effects seen in the laboratory are significant and meaningful, [but] there are no significant
demonstrations of them in real-world situations."

12) Assinale a alternativa que traz a ideia principal do trecho abaixo:

"We're at a stage where the quality control of these brain studies has become very poor," he said. "There are some
very bold claims, but there isn't a single significant replication between laboratories. One of the most highly cited
paper in the field comes from my own laboratory, and I've twice failed to replicate it myself, "said Dr. Walsh.

Estudos sobre o crebro devem ser replicados em laboratrios onde o controle de

qualidade ruim.
. Apenas o laboratrio do Dr. Walsh consegue replicar estudos de outros laboratrios
sobre o crebro.
Falta controle de qualidade nos laboratrios que tentam replicar estudos sobre o
crebro.
Dr. Walsh foi o nico que no conseguiu replicar o estudo sobre o crebro.
Por causa do controle de qualidade ruim, muitos laboratrios no conseguem replicar os
estudos sobre o crebro.
13) A qual das alternativas se refere o pronome it no trecho abaixo?
"We're at a stage where the quality control of these brain studies has become very poor," he said. "There are some
very bold claims, but there isn't a single significant replication between laboratories. One of the most highly cited
paper in the field comes from my own laboratory, and I've twice failed to replicate it myself," said Dr. Walsh.

Quality control
Brain studies
Laboratory
Paper
Field

14) Escolha a alternativa que traz o sentido correto do grupo nominal abaixo:
()no significant demonstrations of them in real-world situations.

Nenhum significado nas situaes reais das demonstraes deles do mundo

Nenhuma demonstrao significativa deles em situaes do mundo real.
Situaes do mundo real deles sem demonstraes significativas.
Sem situaes significativas o mundo real deles no demonstram nada.
O mundo real das situaes deles nas demonstraes no significativas.

15) Na frase: Dr. Walsh also pointed out that brain enhancement effects seen under laboratory conditions
are unlikely to transfer to our daily lives, a palavra unlikely tem o sentido de:

Incomuns
Desagradveis

Adequadas
Improvveis
Exigidas

Diagnostics for Common Childhood Infections

1- The implementation of preventive strategies and effective treatment has substantially reduced
the incidence of malaria across many parts of Africa. The introduction of Haemophilus influenzae
type b vaccine and, more recently, pneumococcal conjugate vaccine should dramatically reduce
the incidence of serious bacterial infections among children. These pathogens accounted for a
substantial proportion of childhood deaths in regions of Africa where malaria is endemic. High
coverage with these measures should affect the burden and spectrum of the common childhood
febrile diseases. Consequently, case-management guidelines which are currently designed to
maximize sensitivity over specificity, resulting in widespread use of low-cost antimalarial or
antimicrobial agents to avert adverse outcomes will need to be revised. However, most
research underpinning such guidelines was undertaken two to three decades ago. The advent of
rapid diagnostic tests and molecular diagnostics has expanded the potential to identify causes of
disease and may inform future management strategies for common childhood diseases.
2- D'Acremont, a Clinical epidemiologist at the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, and
colleagues recently reported the results of their study of pediatric outpatient visits to clinics in
Tanzania, both located in communities of low endemicity for malaria. Included in the study were
children who had an acute febrile illness (temperature, 38C) of 1 week or shorter duration and
had not been treated with antimicrobial or antimalarial agents during the week before the clinic
visit. Most of the diagnoses involved upper or lower respiratory tract infections: acute respiratory
tract infection accounted for 51% of diagnoses, and nasopharyngeal infection accounted for
another 10%. A virus was detected in 81% of children with acute respiratory tract infection.
Systemic infections, Plasmodium falciparum malaria, gastroenteritis, and urinary tract infection
accounted for 11%, 9%, 8%, and 5% of diagnoses, respectively. Over 50% of children with
malaria, irrespective of parasite density, had a secondary pathogen or diagnosis.
3) During the study, D'Acremont made two important observations. First, interpretation of the
infectious cause of illness based solely on laboratory testing is potentially misleading. Bacterial,
viral, and parasitic pathogens were identified in 87%, 81%, and 11% of patients, respectively.
However, when laboratory data were combined with predefined clinical criteria to determine each
diagnosis, the disease burden was significantly rebalanced (bacterial, 22%; viral, 71%; and
parasitic, 11%). Although the authors ensured internal consistency and external validity by using
previously defined definitions of clinical disease, the lack of a control group (i.e., nonfebrile
children) meant that they were unable to verify the clinical significance of most viral pathogens
and, to some extent, other pathogens identified with the use of serologic or molecular markers.
4) The importance of a casecontrol design was recently exemplified in a hospital study of causes
of severe pneumonia among Kenyan children younger than 5 years of age, which included
outpatient children without pneumonia as control patients. Respiratory viruses were present in
nasopharyngeal swabs from 60% of case patients and 47% of control patients. With the exception
of respiratory syncytial virus, no nasopharyngeal viral infection was found to be associated with
hospitalization for pneumonia in the casecontrol analysis. Interpretation of test results therefore
continues to be a challenge in the context of nasopharyngeal colonization and the persistence of
genetic material in the nasopharynx or in blood, in the case of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria.
5- The second observation is that in the absence of critical illness and once malaria has been
ruled out, most febrile outpatient children can be treated conservatively without antibiotics. The

most common bacterial isolates found by blood culture in this study were enteric gram-negative
bacteria; thus, once pneumococcal vaccine is widely used, treatment with recommended first-line
antibiotics will probably be ineffective. Targeting of high-risk subgroups (e.g., patients with human
immunodeficiency virus infection, sickle cell disease, malnutrition, or severe illness) and
associated likely pathogens on the basis of the presenting syndrome should be considered in
future efforts to refine guidelines for prescribing antimicrobial agents.
6- New diagnostics have considerable potential to improve care, target treatment, and reduce the
cost of unnecessary prescriptions and the succeeding effects of antimicrobial resistance. However,
a trial investigating the effect of rapid, malaria diagnostics on case-management decision making,
in which pre-trial training of clinical staff emphasized that a negative test result should lead to
consideration of an alternative diagnosis, did not show reduced rates of malaria treatment. Ninety
percent of antimalarial agents prescribed in the trial were for children with negative test results. As
the epidemiologic landscape evolves, updated guidelines based on evidence are welcome;
however, experience suggests that changing current practice will not be a straightforward process.

Adapted from an article by Kathryn Maitland, M.B., B.S., Ph.D.

Glossary
Measures: medidas
Outpatient: paciente de ambulatrio
Misleading: enganosa
Swabs: cotonetes
To rule out: desconsiderar

1) Escolha a alternativa que traz a ideia principal do trecho abaixo, extrado do

pargrafo 1.

The advent of rapid diagnostic tests and molecular diagnostics has expanded the potential to
identify causes of disease and may inform future management strategies for common childhood
diseases.

A pressa na hora de diagnosticar as doenas infantis tm sido a causa do aumento de

diagnsticos errados.
Novas estratgias de gesto na rea de diagnsticos podem levar a identificao mais
rpida das doenas.
Os testes e o diagnstico molecular tm se expandido rapidamente e necessitam de
futuras estratgias de gesto.
Os testes de diagnsticos rpidos e diagnsticos moleculares podem ampliar o potencial
para identificar as causas das doenas e dar informaes para a gesto futura de doenas
infantis.
Com a rapidez dos testes de diagnstico, as causas das doenas infantis deixaram de
ser identificadas prontamente.
2) A qual das alternativas abaixo se refere o pronome they (pargrafo 3)?
Authors
Internal consistency and external validity
Previously defined definitions
Clinical disease
Control group
3) Na frase: Interpretation of test results therefore continues to be a challenge in the context of

nasopharyngeal colonization and the persistence of genetic material in the nasopharynx or in

blood, in the case of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria (pargrafo 4), a palavra challengee
tem o sentido de:

Obrigao
Mistrio
Desafio
Processo
Fracasso
4) De acordo com o texto, o que correto afirmar em relao aos resultados dos dois
estudos sobre diagnstico de doenas infantis?

As infeces respiratrias no foram comuns em crianas com outras condies mais

graves.
No foi detectado vrus na maioria das crianas diagnosticadas com infeces
respiratrias.

A maioria das crianas diagnosticadas com malria, tambm foram diagnosticadas com
infeco urinria e gastroenterite.
Mais da metade das crianas tinham sido diagnosticadas com infeces
respiratrias.
Sem os exames laboratoriais e critrios mdicos predefinidos, concluiu-se que apenas
22% dos pacientes tinham algum tipo de bactria ao invs de 81%.
5) O que pode ser inferido do pargrafo 5?
A prescrio de antibiticos para pacientes febris com deficincia autoimune no
permitida.
Na ausncia de doenas graves e de malria, o tratamento de crianas febris pode ser
feito sem o uso de antibiticos.
A no prescrio de antibiticos no tratamento de doenas graves tem aumentado os
casos de infeces.
O uso limitado da vacina pneumoccica tem colaborado para uma dependncia maior
dos antibiticos.
Dependendo da doena, o uso de algumas linhas de antibitico inadequado e
perigoso.
6) Escolha a alternativa que traz a ideia principal do trecho abaixo, extrado do
pargrafo 6.

As the epidemiologic landscape evolves, updated guidelines based on evidence are welcome;
however, experience suggests that changing current practice will not be a straightforward
process.

Ainda que no seja um processo simples, atualizar as diretrizes em um cenrio

epidemiolgico em evoluo bem vindo.
A falta de diretrizes fundamentadas e atuais piora o cenrio epidemiolgico.
Mudar as diretrizes em um cenrio epidemiolgico em evoluo um processo de
relativa rapidez.
O processo de evoluo do cenrio epidemiolgico no simples e depende das
mudanas das diretrizes.
O cenrio epidemiolgico em constante evoluo dificulta o processo de atualizao das
diretrizes.
7) Qual a ideia central do artigo?
Estudo na Tanznia concluiu um aumento de diagnsticos de malria e outras doenas
infantis.

Erros de diagnstico da malria tm contribudo para o tratamento inadequado da

doena no mundo todo.
Na frica, a falta de uso dos antibiticos tm piorado a incidncia de malria entre as
crianas.
Diagnsticos criteriosos podem evitar e a prescrio de antibiticos de forma
indiscriminada no tratamento da malria e outras doena infantis.
O excesso de diretrizes para guiar os diagnsticos de malria compromete a sade
pblica lem nvel global.
8) Em qual pargrafo o autor cita que uma porcentagem de crianas diagnosticadas
com malria, tambm tinham outras afeces?

pargrafo 1
pargrafo 2
pargrafo 3
pargrafo 4
pargrafo 5 ou 6

8) As prximas questes so baseadas no trecho abaixo, extrado do pargrafo 1. Clique em

AVANAR para visualizar as questes.

The introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and, more recently, pneumococcal
conjugate vaccine should dramatically reduce the incidence of serious bacterial infections among
children. These pathogens accounted for a substantial proportion of childhood deaths in regions
of Africa where malaria is endemic. High coverage with these measures should affect the burden
and spectrum of the common childhood febrile diseases. Consequently, case-management
guidelines which are currently designed to maximize sensitivity over specificity, resulting in
widespread use of low-cost antimalarial or antimicrobial agents to avert adverse outcomes will
need to be revised.

9) Assinale a alternativa que traz a ideia principal do trecho abaixo:

The introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine and, more recently, pneumococcal
conjugate vaccine should dramatically reduce the incidence of serious bacterial infections among
children. These pathogens accounted for a substantial proportion of childhood deaths in regions
of Africa where malaria is endemic. High coverage with these measures should affect the burden
and spectrum of the common childhood febrile diseases.

A incidncia de infeces e doenas febris na infncia devem ser reduzidas com a

introduo das vacinas Hib e pneumoccica, em regies da frica.
Os patgenos responsveis pela alta taxa de mortalidade infantil na frica, onde a
malria endmica no esto diminuindo.
As doenas febris comuns na infncia so responsveis pelo aumento da mortalidade
infantil em algumas regies da frica.

A taxa da mortalidade infantil maior em regies da frica, onde a malria no

tratada.
Aps a introduo das vacinas Hib e pneumoccica em algumas regies da frica,
aumentou o espectro da mortalidade infantil.
10) A qual das alternativas se refere o pronome which no trecho abaixo ?
High coverage with these measures should affect the burden and spectrum of the common
childhood febrile diseases. Consequently, case-management guidelines which are currently
designed to maximize sensitivity over specificity, resulting in widespread use of low-cost
antimalarial or antimicrobial agents to avert adverse outcomes will need to be revised.

High Coverage
Measures
Burden and Spectrum
Common childhood febrile diseases
Case-management guidelines
11) Escolha a alternativa que traz o sentido correto do grupo nominal abaixo:
"(...) the burden and spectrum of the common childhood febrile diseases.

(...) A carga e o espectro das doenas febris comuns da infncia.

(...) A carga e a o espectro comum das doenas febris da infncia.
(...) O espectro da infncia e a carga comum das doenas febris.
(...) A carga e o espectro em comum com as doenas febris da infncia.
(...) A carga e o espectro das doenas febris da infncia comum.
12) Na frase Consequently, case-management guidelines which are currently designed to

maximize sensitivity over specificity, resulting in widespread use of low-cost antimalarial or

antimicrobial agentsto avert adverse outcomes will need to be revised , a palavra avert
tem o sentido de:

Corrigir
Atrasar
Evitar
Enfrentar
Aumentar

12) As prximas questes so baseadas no trecho abaixo, extrado do pargrafo 6. Clique em

AVANAR para visualizar as questes.

New diagnostics have considerable potential to improve care, target treatment, and reduce the
cost of unnecessary prescriptions and the succeeding effects of antimicrobial resistance.
However, a trial investigating the effect of rapid, malaria diagnostics on case-management
decision making, in which pre-trial training of clinical staff emphasized that a negative test result
should lead to consideration of an alternative diagnosis, did not show reduced rates of malaria
treatment. Ninety percent of antimalarial agents prescribed in the trial were for children with
negative test results

13) Na frase: New diagnostics have considerable potential to improve care, target treatment, and

reduce the cost of unnecessary prescriptions and the succeeding effects of antimicrobial
resistance (pargrafo 6), a palavra succeding tem o sentido de:

Sucessores
Sucedidos
Temporrio
Sucessivo
Desconhecido
14) A qual das alternativas abaixo se refere o pronome which no trecho abaixo?
However, a trial investigating the effect of rapid, malaria diagnostics on case-management
decision making, in which pre-trial training of clinical staff emphasized that a negative test result
should lead to consideration of an alternative diagnosis, did not show reduced rates of malaria
treatment.

A trial
Malaria diagnostics
Case-management decision making
Pre-trial training
Clinical staff
15) O que pode ser inferido deste trecho do texto?
New diagnostics have considerable potential to improve care, target treatment, and reduce the
cost of unnecessary prescriptions and the downstream effects of antimicrobial resistance.
However, a trial investigating the effect of rapid, malaria diagnostics on case-management
decision making, in which pre-trial training of clinical staff emphasized that a negative test
result should lead to consideration of an alternative diagnosis, did not show reduced rates of
malaria treatment. Ninety percent of antimalarial agents prescribed in the trial were for children
with negative test results.

Com os avanos da tcnica diagnstica, 90% dos casos de malria foram

diagnosticados corretamente.
Mesmo um diagnstico negativo de malria no tem evitado um nmero muito alto de

prescries desnecessrias de agentes antimalricos.

Erros de diagnstico tm aumentado o nmero de casos no tratados de malria.
A prescrio indiscriminada de agentes antimalricos tem contribudo para a diminuio
da resistncia microbiana.
90% dos casos de malria foram diagnosticados e tratados somente aps a realizao
do teste de malria.