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This document contains proprietary information of Alcatel-Lucent and is
not to be disclosed or used except in accordance with applicable
agreements.
365-312-847R6.0
CC109686907
ISSUE 1
MARCH 2009
Legal notice
Alcatel, Lucent, Alcatel-Lucent and the Alcatel-Lucent logo are trademarks of Alcatel-Lucent. All other trademarks are the property of their
respective owners.
The information presented is subject to change without notice. Alcatel-Lucent assumes no responsibility for inaccuracies contained herein.
Copyright 2009 Alcatel-Lucent. All rights reserved.
Contains proprietary/trade secret information which is the property of Alcatel-Lucent and must not be made available to, or copied or used by
anyone outside Alcatel-Lucent without its written authorization.
Not to be used or disclosed except in accordance with applicable agreements.
Notice
Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this document was complete and accurate at the time of printing. However,
information is subject to change.
Release notification
This document describes 1655 AMU Release 6.0 and covers previous releases.
Compared to provided descriptions some of the legacy releases may vary due to the feature upgrades.
Declaration of Conformity
The Declaration of Conformity (DoC) for this product can be found in this document at Conformity statements (p. 5-4).
WEEE directive
The Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive for this product can be found in this document at Eco-environmental
statements (p. 5-5).
Ordering information
For information about Technical Support, please contact your Alcatel-Lucent Local/Regional Technical Support Service Representative or visit
http://www.alcatel-lucent.com/support.
License information for Open Source software
1655 AMU software contains open source software. For further details about handling/usage and licensing of the contained/used open source
software, please check 1655 AMUopen source declaration files which are available on the 1655 AMU SW CD-ROMs.
Information product support
To comment on this information product, go to the Online Comment Form (http://www.lucent-info.com/comments/enus/) or email your
comments to the Comments Hotline (comments@alcatel-lucent.com).
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Contents
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ix
Safety information
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xv
Intended audience
.....................................................................................................................................................................
xvi
Related training
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xviii
xix
xix
..............................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................................
Optical safety
...............................................................................................................................................................................
Technical Documentation
How to order
xx
xx
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xxiii
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xxiii
How to comment
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xxiii
Introduction
Overview
......................................................................................................................................................................................
System overview
1-1
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1-1
.......................................................................................................................................................................
1-3
xvii
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xvi
................................................................................................................................
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Related documentation
ix
Product description
Overview
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2-1
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Contents
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System architecture
Introduction
.................................................................................................................................................................................
2-3
.................................................................................................................................................................................
2-7
.........................................................................................................................................................
2-19
......................................................................................................................................................................................
2-21
Option cards
Introduction
...............................................................................................................................................................................
2-25
.......................................................................................................................
2-25
.......................................................................................................................
2-26
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2-26
............................................................................
2-29
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2-32
................................................................................................................................................................
2-40
.........................................................................
2-41
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2-42
Adapter card for legacy option cards (for 2m/4o version only)
PI-E3DS3/3_E14 option card
.........................................................................................................
2-44
..............................................................................................................................................................
2-48
Technical specifications
Overview
....................................................................................................................................................................................
System specifications
..........................................................................................................................................................
Performance monitoring
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
2-52
2-52
2-74
2-81
Features
Overview
......................................................................................................................................................................................
3-1
Physical interfaces
Overview
......................................................................................................................................................................................
Transmission interfaces
..........................................................................................................................................................
3-3
3-3
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Contents
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Data interfaces
...........................................................................................................................................................................
Timing interfaces
......................................................................................................................................................................
3-5
3-5
Orderwire interfaces
................................................................................................................................................................
3-6
Operations interfaces
...............................................................................................................................................................
3-6
........................................................................................................................................................................
3-7
Power interfaces
Transmission features
Overview
......................................................................................................................................................................................
Cross-connection features
Transmission protection
......................................................................................................................................................
3-9
3-9
.......................................................................................................................................................
3-10
............................................................................................................................................................
3-12
Ethernet features
.....................................................................................................................................................................
3-12
Auto-negotiation
.....................................................................................................................................................................
3-14
Equipment protection
...............................................................................................................
3-15
...................................................................................................................................................
3-16
.................................................................................................................................................
3-17
....................................................................................................................................................................................
3-19
....................................................................................................................................
3-19
......................................................................................................
3-20
....................................................................................................................................................................................
3-22
Timing features
.......................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
3-22
3-22
....................................................................................................................................................................................
3-24
.......................................................................................................
3-24
....................................................................................................................................................................................
3-28
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Contents
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................................................
4-1
.................................................................................................................................
4-2
...................................................................................................................................................................
4-4
Network topologies
Linear applications
...........................................................................................................................................................
4-5
........................................................................................................................................................................
4-6
................................................................................................................................................
4-7
................................................................................................................................................
4-7
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4-8
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4-11
4-12
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4-12
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4-13
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4-14
4-10
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4-9
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4-14
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4-18
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5-1
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5-2
Quality
Overview
...........................................................................................
5-2
........................................................................................................................................................................
5-3
Conformity statements
............................................................................................................................................................
5-4
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Contents
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Reliability specifications
Overview
......................................................................................................................................................................................
General specifications
Reliability program
.............................................................................................................................................................
5-7
.................................................................................................................................................................
5-8
Reliability specifications
6
......................................................................................................................................................
5-8
......................................................................................................................................................................................
6-1
Product support
Overview
Installation services
..................................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................................
6-3
Maintenance services
..............................................................................................................................................................
6-5
......................................................................................................................................................................
6-7
...........................................................................................................................................................
6-8
........................................................................................................................................................................
6-8
.......................................................................................................................................................................................
6-9
Documentation support
Training support
Warranty
...........................................................................................................................................................................
6-9
......................................................................................................................................................................................
7-1
Standard repair
Ordering
Overview
Ordering information
A
6-1
Engineering services
Technical support
5-7
...............................................................................................................................................................
7-1
.....................................................................................................................................................................................
A-1
An SDH overview
Overview
.............................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
A-4
..............................................................................................................................................................
A-7
A-3
....................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
A-9
A-10
A-11
A-11
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A-12
Glossary
Index
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Purpose
This Application and Planning Guide (APG) provides the following information about
the 1655 AMU, Release 1.0 through 6.0:
System overview
Product description
Features
Planning network applications
Product support
Ordering.
This is the first issue of this guide for 1655 AMU Release 1.0 through 6.0.
The following table lists previous release versions and their corresponding features.
Release
GA
Features
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1.0
August 2004
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2.0
February 2005
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2.1
September 2006
January 2006
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4.0
4.1
August 2006
February 2007
STM-16 SFPs
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5.0
March 2008
2H Shelf
1 main and 1 option slot
Horizontal [ASH112]
Integrated fan [ASF102]
6H Shelf
2 main and 4 option slots
Horizontal [ASH111]
Integrated fan [ASF101]
Horizontal mounting
TransLAN features:
OMS/CIT features
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6.0
March 2009
32 E1 interfaces on unit
TransLAN features:
OMS/CIT features:
Safety information
For your safety, this document contains safety statements. Safety statements are given
at points where risks of damage to personnel, equipment, and operation may exist.
Failure to follow the directions in a safety statement may result in serious
consequences.
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Intended audience
The 1655 AMU Applications and Planning Guide is primarily intended for network
planners and engineers. In addition, others who need specific information about the
features, applications, operation, and engineering of 1655 AMU may find the
information in this manual useful.
How to use this information product
Each chapter of this manual treats a specific aspect of the system and can be regarded
as an independent description. This ensures that readers can inform themselves
according to their special needs. This also means that the manual provides more
information than needed by many of the readers. Before you start reading the manual,
it is therefore necessary to assess which aspects or chapters will cover the individual
area of interest.
The following table briefly describes the information presented in each chapter.
Chapter
Title
Introduction
Product description
Features
Planning network
applications
Description
This chapter
This chapter
This chapter
This chapter
This chapter
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Chapter
Title
Description
This chapter
Product support
This chapter
Ordering
Appendix A
SDH Overview
Glossary
Index
Conventions used
The chapters of this document are numbered consecutively. The page numbering
restarts at 1 in each chapter. To facilitate identifying pages in different chapters, the
page numbers are prefixed with the chapter number. For example, page 2-3 is the third
page in chapter 2.
Cross-references
Cross-reference conventions are identical with those used for numbering, i.e. the first
number in a reference to a particular page refers to the corresponding chapter.
Keyword blocks
This document contains so-called keyword blocks to facilitate the location of specific
text passages. The keyword blocks are placed to the left of the main text and indicate
the contents of a paragraph or group of paragraphs.
Typographical conventions
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window)
C:\Program Files\Alcatel-Lucent
Keyboard entries
These are examples of keyboard entries:
F1, Esc X, Alt-F, Ctrl-D, Ctrl-Alt-Del (simple keyboard entries)
A hyphen between two keys means that both keys have to be pressed
simultaneously. Otherwise, a single key has to be pressed, or several keys have
to be pressed in sequence.
copy abc xyz (command)
A complete command has to be entered.
Alarms and error messages
These are examples of alarms and error messages:
Loss of Signal
Abbreviations
Abbreviations used in this document can be found in the Glossary unless it can be
assumed that the reader is familiar with the abbreviation.
Related documentation
This section briefly describes the documents that are included in the 1655 AMU
documentation set.
Installation Guide
The 1655 AMU Installation Guide (IG) provides step-by-step instructions for
system installation and setup. It includes information needed for pre-installation site
planning and post-installation acceptance testing.
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The following table lists the documents included in the 1655 AMU documentation set.
Document title
Document code
109686907
109686949
109686915
109686931
109686923
(365-312-847R6.0)
(365-312-850R6.0)
(365-312-849R6.0)
(365-312-848R6.0)
(365-312-853R6.0)
These documents can be ordered or downloaded from the Customer Information Center
(CIC) at http://www.cic.alcatel-lucent.com/documents.html or via your Local Customer
Support.
Related training
For detailed information about the 1655 AMU training courses and how to register,
please refer to Training support (p. 6-8) in this document.
Software Release Description
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Intended use
This equipment shall be used only in accordance with intended use, corresponding
installation, and maintenance statements as specified in this documentation. Any other
use or modification is prohibited.
Optical safety
For a detailed description about Optical safety guidelines, refer the 1655 Access
Multiplexer Universal AMU Safety Guide.
IEC Customer Laser Safety Guidelines
Alcatel-Lucent declares that this product is compliant with all essential safety
requirements as stated in IEC 60825-Part 1 and 2 Safety of Laser Products and
Safety of Optical Fibre Telecommunication Systems. Futhermore, Alcatel-Lucent
declares that the warning statements on equipment labels are in accordance with the
specified laser radiation class.
Optical Safety Declaration (if laser modules used)
Alcatel-Lucent declares that this product is compliant with all essential safety
requirements as stated in IEC 60825-Part 1 and 2 Safety of Laser Products and
Safety of Optical Fiber Telecommunication Systems. Furthermore, Alcatel-Lucent
declares that the warning statements on equipment labels are in accordance with the
specified laser radiation class.
Optical Fiber Communications
Optical fiber telecommunication systems, their associated test sets, and similar
operating systems use semiconductor laser transmitters that emit infrared (IR) light at
wavelengths between approximately 800 nanometers (nm) and 1600 nm. The emitted
light is above the red end of the visible spectrum, which is normally not visible to the
human eye. Although the radiant end at near-IR wavelengths is officially designated
invisible, some people can see the shorter wavelength energy even at power levels that
are several orders of magnitude below any levels that have been shown to cause injury
to the eye.
Conventional lasers can produce an intense beam of monochromatic light. The term
monochromaticity means a single wavelength output of pure color that may be
visible or invisible to the eye. A conventional laser produces a small-size beam of
light, and because the beam size is small the power density (also called irradiance) is
very high. Consequently, lasers and laser products are subject to federal and applicable
state regulations, as well as international standards, for their safe operation.
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A conventional laser beam expands very little over distance, or is said to be very well
collimated. Thus, conventional laser irradiance remains relatively constant over
distance. However, lasers used in lightwave systems have a large beam divergence,
typically 10 to 20 degrees. Here, irradiance obeys the inverse square law (doubling the
distance reduces the irradiance by a factor of 4) and rapidly decreases over distance.
Lasers and Eye Damage
The optical energy emitted by laser and high-radiance LEDs in the 400-1400 nm range
may cause eye damage if absorbed by the retina. When a beam of light enters the eye,
the eye magnifies and focuses the energy on the retina magnifying the irradiance. The
irradiance of the energy that reaches the retina is approximately 105, or 100,000 times
more than at the cornea and, if sufficiently intense, may cause a retinal burn.
The damage mechanism at the wavelengths used in an optical fiber telecommunications
is thermal in origin, i.e., damage caused by heating. Therefore, a specific amount of
energy is required for a definite time to heat an area of retinal tissue. Damage to the
retina occurs only when one looks at the light long enough that the product of the
retinal irradiance and the viewing time exceeds the damage threshold. Optical energies
above 1400 nm cause corneal and skin burns, but do not affect the retina. The
thresholds for injury at wavelengths greater than 1400 nm are significantly higher than
for wavelengths in the retinal hazard region.
Classification of Lasers
Manufacturers of lasers and laser products in the U.S. are regulated by the Food and
Drug Administrations Center for Devices and Radiological Health (FDA/CDRH) under
21 CFR 1040. These regulations require manufacturers to certify each laser or laser
product as belonging to one of four major Classes: I, II, lla, IlIa, lllb, or IV. The
International Electro-technical Commission is an international standards body that
writes laser safety standards under IEC-60825. Classification schemes are similar with
Classes divided into Classes 1, 1M, 2, 2M, 3R, 3B, and 4. Lasers are classified
according to the accessible emission limits and their potential for causing injury.
Optical fiber telecommunication systems are generally classified as Class I/1 because,
under normal operating conditions, all energized laser transmitting circuit packs are
terminated on optical fibers which enclose the laser energy with the fiber sheath
forming a protective housing. Also, a protective housing/access panel is typically
installed in front of the laser circuit pack shelves The circuit packs themselves,
however, may be FDA/CDRH Class I, IIIb, or IV or IEC Class 1, 1M, 3R, 3B, or 4.
Laser Safety Precautions for Optical Fiber Telecommunication Systems
CAUTION
Laser hazard
Use of controls, adjustments, and procedures other than those specified herein may
result in hazardous laser radiation exposure.
Laser Safety Precautions for Enclosed Systems
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3. Under no circumstances shall any personnel scan a fiber with an optical test set
without verifying that all laser sources on the fiber are turned off
4. All unauthorized personnel shall be excluded from the immediate area of the
optical fiber telecommunication systems during installation and service.
Consult ANSI Z136.2, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers in the U.S.;
or, outside the U.S., IEC-60825, Part 2 for guidance on the safe use of optical fiber
optic communication in the workplace.
Technical Documentation
This information product can be ordered with the order number 365-312-847R6.0 at
the Customer Information Center (CIC), see http://www.cic.alcatel-lucent.com/.
An overview of the ordering process and the latest software & licences information is
provided in Chapter 7, Ordering of this manual.
How to comment
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Introduction
1
Overview
Purpose
1-1
System overview
1-3
Safety statements describe the safety risks relevant while performing tasks on
Alcatel-Lucent products during deployment and/or use. Failure to avoid the hazards
may have serious consequences.
General structure
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Introduction
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D
CAUTION
Lifting hazard
F
G
H
Item
Structure element
Purpose
Safety symbol
Signal word
Hazard type
Safety message
Avoidance message
Identifier
Signal words
Meaning
DANGER
WARNING
CAUTION
NOTICE
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Introduction
System overview
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
System overview
The 1655 AMU is a high capacity, flexible and cost-effective wideband multiplexer
which can multiplex standard PDH and SDH bit rates as well as Ethernet signals to
line transport rates. In addition to a compact and flexible design, this system is a useful
element in building efficient and flexible networks due to its wide-ranging capacity.
The 2m/4o version can be equipped with 2 main boards and upgraded with 4 option
cards as described in Chapter 2, Product description and thus be adapted to special
network requirements. The 1m/1o version can hold 1 main board and upgraded with
one option board. The 2m/4o version holds two slots for main cards where operation
with either one or two main cards is possible. The second main card can be operated
as an additional tributary card or as main card equipment protection. The system
provides the ability to add one option card.
In the access network, the 1655 AMU can be installed at the customer premises for
fiber-to-the-business applications enabling a variety of configurations. Other
applications include LAN-to-LAN traffic on campus networks or WANs.
The 1655 AMU MI-16/4 is an SDH STM-1/4 and STM-4/16 Terminal or
Add-Drop-Multiplexer optimized to provide various tributary services such as
STM-1/4, 1.5 Mbit/s, 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 45 Mbit/s, STM-1e, STM-4, 1000BASE-T/X
and 10/100BASE-T, to business and residential customers. The MI-14/4 main card is
an SDH STM-1/4 and STM-1 Terminal or Add/Drop Multiplexer and provides various
tributary services such as STM-1, 1.5 Mbit/s, 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 45 Mbit/s, STM-1e,
STM-4, 1000BASE-T/X and 10/100BASE-T.
The standard 1655 AMU MI-16/4 main card can be equipped with two multirate
STM-1/4 or STM-4/16 interfaces using SFPs. The 1655 AMU MI-14/4 main card can
be equipped with two multirate STM-1/STM-4 and two STM-1 interfaces. When
required, the main card can be equipped with SFPs for STM-1 or STM-4 single fiber
working and STM-1e. The equipment is capable of 1+1 MSP protection and SNC/N
protection.
The space-efficient design of 1655 AMU allows for wall or rack mounting. For more
information, please refer to the 1655 AMU Installation Guide.
Applications
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Introduction
System overview
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Interworking
The 1655 AMU is a part of the 1655 AMU suite, which is a multi-service platform for
next generation transmission products. The system can be deployed together with other
products, for example 1643 AM / 1643 AMS. This makes 1655 AMU one of the main
building blocks for todays and future networks.
Please check with Alcatel-Lucent for a complete list of products that are able to
interwork with 1655 AMU.
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Product description
2
Overview
Purpose
After a description of the hardware design and system architecture, the option cards are
presented. It is then followed by the technical specifications of the 1655 AMU..
Contents
System architecture
2-3
Introduction
2-3
2-7
Introduction
2-7
2-19
Fan unit
2-21
Option cards
2-25
Introduction
2-25
2-25
2-26
2-26
2-29
2-32
2-40
Adapter card for legacy option cards (for 2m/4o version only)
2-41
2-42
2-44
2-48
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Product description
Overview
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Technical specifications
2-52
System specifications
2-52
Performance monitoring
2-74
2-81
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Product description
System architecture
Introduction
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
System architecture
Introduction
The following sections describe the equipment architecture and the architecture and
functions of the option cards.
Functional building blocks
The different functions provided by the MI-16/4 and MI-14/4 main cards are:
Microprocessor and control circuits that manage different board elements, interfaces
(F-interface, LAN-Q, T3), and LEDs.
MI-16/4: Four STM-N (N=1, 4, 16) optical aggregate interfaces using SFPs for 2
STM-4/STM-16 and 2 STM-1/STM-4 transmission. Upto 16 VC-4s are supported
on TS1.
MI-14/4: Four STM-N (N=1, 4) optical aggregate interfaces for SFP usage of two
STM-1/STM-4 multirate and two STM-1 single rate types.
In the transmit direction, the Line Interface performs the collection of AU4s and
the STM-N assembly. It performs RSOH/MSOH insertion.
In the receive direction, the STM-N Line Interface performs the STM-N
disassembly, the RSOH/MSOH extraction, sixteen, four or one AU4 management,
and the regeneration of data transmitted to the Higher Order (HO) Cross-connect.
The HO Cross-connect also performs Tansparent DCC processing. DCC bytes are
bi-directionally cross-connected in the VC-4 matrix and is processed through the
section overhead cross-connect towards the TDM interfaces.
The following diagram illustrates the MI-16/4 (2m/4o version) system architecture.
The following diagram illustrates the MI-16/4 (1m/1o version) system architecture.
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Product description
System architecture
Introduction
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The following diagram illustrates the MI-14/4 (2m/4o version) system architecture.
The following diagram illustrates the MI-14/4 (1m/1o version) system architecture.
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Product description
System architecture
Introduction
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The following table provides a comparative description of the MI-16/4 and MI-14/4
cross-connect matrix.
MI-16/4
MI-16/1
MI-14/4
HO cross-connect
capabilities:
HO cross-connect
capabilities:
HO cross-connect
capabilities:
174*174 VC-4s
126*126 VC-4s
includes 40 VC-4s on
the line side, 40
aggregate VC-4s, and
46 VC-4s to the
tributary slots
includes 40 VC-4s on
the line side, 40
aggregate VC-4s, and
46 VC-4s to the
tributary slots
LO cross-connect
capabilities:
LO cross-connect
capabilities:
LO cross-connect
capabilities:
Non-blocking 48* 48
VC-4 equivalents
or
Non-blocking 48* 48
VC-4 equivalents
or
16*16 VC-4
equivalents
or
up to 192*192 VC-3s
or
up to 192*192 VC-3s
or
48*48 VC-3s
or
up to 3024*3024
VC-12s
up to 3024*3024
VC-12s
1008*1008 VC-12s
Loopbacks on incoming
STM-N optical signals via
the cross-connect matrix
Loopbacks on incoming
STM-N optical signals via
the cross-connect matrix
Loopbacks on incoming
STM-N optical signals via
the cross-connect matrix
Up to 40 DCN channels
Up to 34 DCN channels
Up to 16 DCN channels
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Product description
System architecture
Introduction
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MI-16/4
MI-16/1
MI-14/4
16 VC-4s supported on TS
1 in the 2m/4o and 1m/1o
versions. 3 sets of
interfaces support
hot-pluggable tributary
slots: each set supports a
transport capacity of 10
VC-4s.
16 VC-4s supported on TS
1 in the 2m/4o and 1m/1o
versions. 3 sets of
interfaces support
hot-pluggable tributary
slots: each set supports a
transport capacity of 10
VC-4s.
4 sets of interfaces to
support hot-pluggable
tributary slots: each set
supports a transport
capacity of 10 VC-4s.
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TRIB-4
TRIB-3
TRIB-2
TRIB-1
MAIN-2
MAIN-1
The 1655 AMU 2m/4o version has 6 slots (2 main and 4 tributary) and is optimized
for high capacity and protected Central Office applications. The first and second main
units can be plugged into the two main slots that are provided with a 2m/4o
configuration. Note that when a single main unit is used, it must be plugged into the
Main-1 slot. In the 1655 AMU 2m/4o configuration, a second main card can be fitted
for high-availability configurations or to increase the capacity for STM line interfaces.
Most of the existing 1655 AMU option boards can be fitted via an adapter card, which
occupies two tributary slots.
The 1655 AMU 1m/1o version has 2 slots (1 main and 1 tributary) and is targeted
for CPE and unprotected applications. The main unit can be plugged into the main slot
of a 1m/1o configuration.
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TRIB
MAIN
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The 1655 AMU start-up configuration (1m/1o version) supports 2 cages for
hot-pluggable STM-1 or STM-4 interfaces and 2 cages for hot-pluggable STM-4 or
STM-16 interfaces. Note that the MI-16/4 provides two STM-1/4 interfaces and two
STM-4/16 interfaces. The MI-14/4 provides two STM-1/4 interfaces and two interfaces
for STM-1, STM-1e or STM-1 single fiber working interfaces.
Note that the adapter card cannot be used in the 1m/1o shelf as it occupies two slots.
Subrack front view
The following figures display the 1655 AMU versions. Given below is the MI-16/4 2m/4o version.
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Non-blocking 174 174 VC-4 cross-connect between both main cards and four
tributary cards (2m/4o unit). Supports VC-4 payloads.
Termination of DCC channels associated with STM-N interfaces - 40 DCC for the
Multiplex section and 40 DCC for the Regenerator section.
The following figure describes the front panel of the 1655 AMU MI-16/4 main board
with the supported SFP rates.
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Legend:
Power supply
Reset button
EOW
MDI/MDO
USB
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2 STM-1 interfaces using pluggable SFPs including STM-1e and STM-1 single
fiber working interfaces
The following figure describes the front panel of the 1655 AMU MI-14/4 main card
with the supported SFP rates.
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Power supply filter and dual power interfaces to provide system power up to 150
W
Controller and the following external interfaces: Q-LAN, G-LAN, CIT, MDIO, 2x
USB
The following figure describes the front panel of the MI-16/1 main card:
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Note that a combination of the MI-16/1, and MI-16/4 or MI-14/4 in the same rack is
not supported.
The street cabinet versions are a specific configuration of the 1655 AMU.
The following figure displays the front layout of a street cabinet.
2-slot version
6-slot version
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Each version is equipped with a specific fan unit. Ensure that the fan unit is applied
with the street cabinet version and no fan blank is available in the unit. Also make sure
that no holes are allowed on the top and bottom of the enclosure.
Features
Horizontal mounting and no air space required above or below the system
Provisioning and control of the applicable mandatory fan unit for this configuration.
No configuration restriction exists regarding the type, number, and position of a
main or tributary unit.
Height
Depth
Width
2-slot
2U (88 mm)
215 mm
6-slot
5U (224 mm)
215 mm
Suitable for
horizontal mounting
in a 19 or ETSI
rack (450 mm).
Fan unit
Fan unit details
Fan unit aspect
Description
Voltage
The system operates between -40.5 and -72V. This covers the
48V and does not exclude the 60V installations.
Monitoring
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Description
Fan temperature
constraints
The fans should not run if the local fan (unit) temperature
is for example below -10 degrees Celsius.
Logging
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Description
Dissipation
6-slot (ASF101)
Dissipates between 15W and 20W
Each unit has four fans and can dissipate a maximum
of (2 Main + 4 ESW = 160W), which is
approximately equal to 180W.
A fuse of 5A is applied per feeder.
The maximum allowed power is about (40V 5A)
75% = 150W.
The applied de-rating factor of 75% applies also for
street cabinet applications.
Power must be provided in a worst-case situation,
simultaneously to two or more feeders even if one
power source is available.
ESW cards dissipate almost twice as much power as
any other tributary unit. Having three or more ESW
cards in a street cabinet application is regarded as
exceptional.
2-slot (ASF102)
Dissipates between 8W and 11W.
Each unit has two fans.
Fusing
Filtering and
conducted emission
Four wire fans (power, return, control and tacho) are preferred
since they require less filtering measures and hence, less
space, as compared to two or three of them.
Physical constraints
Multiple fans
Multiple fans are applied per fan unit to improve the mass flow distribution. The
1655 AMU fan unit for the 2H subrack contains 2 fans (60 60 mm).
The 1655 AMU fan unit for the 6H subrack contains 4 fans (80 80 mm). In both
cases, the fan width is at least 25 mm. It is important to replace the entire unit
even if a single fan in the unit fails.
Space requirement
The objective for designing one fan control board is that it can be applied in both
2-slot and 6-slot systems. The space needed to implement the fan control and
power logic is assessed to be 60 70 cm2. The 2-slot system (2U), in particular,
creates a space issue. Therefore, the width of the fan unit is more as compared to
the width of the fan.
The fan unit design takes care of the thermal aspects of the fan control circuitry.
Clearance aspects
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Vertical clearance
Street cabinet shelves do not require clearance between the AMU system and other
equipment mounted directly on top or below the system.
Horizontal clearance
There must be at least 5 cm of free space on both sides of the system. This free
space must not be used for cable routing.
User selectable air-direction selection
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Product description
Option cards
Introduction
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Option cards
Introduction
This section describes the option cards which can be used together with 1655 AMU in
order to provide interfaces for various data rates or special applications.
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Option cards
PI-E1/63 and PI-E1/63_75 option cards
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Two cages for Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) optical transceivers which
support 1000Base-X
Two RJ45 connectors for four E1 interfaces with 75 / 120 (Selection can be
made on port level via the user interface; default is 120 .)
The EPL4_E14 unit provides 4 ethernet ports. Two of these (5 and 6) support 10/100
Base-T line rates while the other two (pairs 7/8 and 9/10) are multirate ports capable of
10/100/1000 Base-T/-X. For these ports, the selection between 1000 Base-T (electrical
interfaces 8 and 9) and 1000 Base-X (optical interfaces 7 and 10) has to be done via
the NMS. This selection can be done independently for each port. When an optical port
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Product description
Option cards
EPL4_E14 option card
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is in use, the electrical counterpart is inactive and vice versa. Each connector and each
SFP has its own green LED (data link up: LED ON or down: LED OFF) and yellow
LED (transmission: LED ON or no transmission: LED OFF).
The following figure shows the front panel of the EPL4_E14 option card.
E1
EPL4_E14
Rx
GE
Rx
GE
Tx
E/FE/GE
Tx
7
10
E/FE
FAIL
Lucent
The EPL4_E14 option card supports a flexible allocation of SDH bandwidth to LAN
ports by making use of the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS, see LCAS
(p. 3-15)). All LAN ports have the same capabilities. Each WAN port supports
VC-12-Xv (X = 1...63), VC-3-Xv (X = 1...9), VC-4-Xv (X=1..7).
GFP Encapsulation
GFP provides a generic mechanism to adapt traffic from higher-layer client signals
over a transport network. GFP encapsulation is implemented according to
T1X1.5/2000-147.
The following GFP encapsulation are possible with EPL4_E14:
Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Lower Order SDH VC12Xv (X = 1...63)
Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Lower Order SDH VC3Xv (X = 1...9)
Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Higher Order SDH VC4Xv (X=1..7)
Product description
Option cards
EPL4_E14 option card
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The EPL4_E14 option card supports advanced rate control in the ingress and egress
direction which allows to set a strict traffic limit (PIR), in combination with a hold-off
mechanism: Excess traffic is held off until the ingress or egress buffer overflows. In
case the ingress buffer fills above a certain threshold, pause messages are sent in the
reverse direction to hold off further traffic. This behavior improves the TCP
throughput. Note that Pause messages can be only sent when the Pause mode is
enabled via the Lucent NMS.
Link Pass Through (LPT)
The EPL4_E14 option card supports the Link Pass Through (LPT) mode. On
point-to-point Ethernet Private Line connections, when GFP data encapsulation is used
throughout the network, the system identifies defects from the network ingress port to
the network egress port. The GFP-CSF mechanism is used to notify the egress side that
a loss of signal (synchronization) has occurred on the ingress port. Consequently, the
egress side can either turn off the laser at the egress (in case of an optical level) or
substitute an error pattern (for example, a /V/ ordered set for a 1000BASE-X). In
addition, an alarm is raised at the egress side which indicates the ingress side
condition. For more information about Link Pass Through, please refer to (LPT, see
Functionality (p. 3-16)). For additional information, please refer the TransLAN
Ethernet SDH Transport Solution Applications and Planning Guide.
The EPL4_E14 option card supports Auto MDI/MDIX selection on the GE ports 8 and
9. It does not support Auto MDI/MDIX functions on the FE ports 5 and 6.
Transmission rates
The transmission capacity of the EPL4_E14 option card towards the cross-connect
matrix is 8 VC4s. These can be freely assigned to 4 VCGs. There is a fixed 1:1
relationship from the 4 Ethernet ports to the 4 VCGs. For an illustrated description, see
(p. 2-29).
From the eight VC-4s, two can be individually substructured to VC-12s to provide
upto 2 63 VC-12s. In this case, the first four VC-12s are reserved for the E1 ports.
Note that in case E1 interfaces are used, the first VC-4 needs to be substructured,
otherwise, they are not available. In addition, 3 VC-4s can be individually
substructured to VC-3, thereby providing a total of nine VC-3s.
The remaining 3 VC-4s cannot be substructured. For each of the 4 VCGs, a selection
can be made between VC-12-Xv (X=1-63), VC-3-Xv (X=1-9), and VC-4-Xv (X=1-7),
based on the total number of containers that are available for each type.
The following diagram illustrates the VC/VCG mapping for the EPL4_E14 option card.
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Product description
Option cards
EPL4_E14 option card
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The EPL4_E14 option card supports overlength Ethernet frames (also known as Jumbo
frames) on LAN ports 7, 8, and 9, 10.
Loopbacks on outgoing FE/GbE signals
The EPL4_E14 option card supports loopbacks on outgoing FE and GbE signals on
electrical and optical ports.
On the faceplate, the EPL4_E132 (120 ) and EPL4_E132_75 (75 ) boards provide:
All four Ethernet RJ45 connectors have their own green and yellow LEDs which
indicates a LAN connection and traffic flow respectively.
The following figure shows the front panel of the EPL4_E132_75 option card.
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Option cards
EPL4_E132 (120) and EPL4_E132_75 (75) option
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cards
1
4
EPL4_E132_75
3
2
36
E/FE
35
34
E/FE
33
2
8 FAIL
Lucent
GFP provides a generic mechanism to adapt traffic from higher-layer client signals
over a transport network. GFP encapsulation is implemented according to
T1X1.5/2000-147.
The following GFP encapsulation are possible with EPL4_E132 and EPL4_E132_75:
Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Lower Order SDH VC12Xv (X = 1...63)
Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Lower Order SDH VC3Xv (X = 1...9)
Mapping of Ethernet MAC frames into Higher Order SDH VC4Xv (X=1..7)
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Product description
Option cards
EPL4_E132 (120) and EPL4_E132_75 (75) option
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
cards
The EPL4_E132 and EPL4_E132_75 option cards support advanced rate control in the
ingress and egress direction which allows to set a strict traffic limit (PIR), in
combination with a hold-off mechanism: Excess traffic is held off until the ingress or
egress buffer overflows. In case the ingress buffer fills above a certain threshold, pause
messages are sent in the reverse direction to hold off further traffic. This behaviour
improves the TCP throughput. Note that Pause messages are only sent when the Pause
mode is enabled via the Lucent NMS.
Auto-negotiation
The EPL4_E132 and EPL4_E132_75 option cards support the Link Pass Through
(LPT) mode. On point-to-point Ethernet Private Line connections, when GFP data
encapsulation is used throughout the network, the system identifies defects from the
network ingress port to the network egress port. The GFP-CSF mechanism is used to
notify the egress side that a loss of signal (synchronization) has occurred on the ingress
port. An alarm is raised at the egress side which indicates the ingress side condition.
For more information, please refer to (see LPT, Functionality (p. 3-16)). For
additional information, please also refer to the TransLAN Ethernet SDH Transport
Solution Applications and Planning Guide.
The EPL4_E132 and EPL4_E132_75 option cards support Auto MDI/MDIX selection
on all LAN ports.
Transmission rates
The transmission capacity of the EPL4_E132 and EPL4_E132_75 option cards towards
the cross-connect matrix is 9 VC-4s. One VC-4 is reserved for the 32 E1 ports and
is not available for the VCGs. The remaining 8 VC-4s can be freely assigned to 4
VCGs. There is a fixed 1:1 relationship from the 4 Ethernet ports to the 4 VCGs. For
an illustrated description, see (see fig. on page 2-17).
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Option cards
EPL4_E132 (120) and EPL4_E132_75 (75) option
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cards
From the 8 VC-4s, two can be individually substructured to VC-12s, thereby providing
upto 2 63 VC-12s. In this case, the first 4 VC-12s of the first VC-4 remain unused.
In addition, 3 VC-4s can be individually substructured to VC-3s, providing a total of 9
VC-3s. The remaining 3 VC-4s cannot be substructured. For each of the 4 VCGs, a
selection can be made between VC-12-Xv (X=1-63), VC-3-Xv (X=1-9), and VC-4-Xv
(X=1-7), based on the total number of containers that are available for each type.
The VC/VCG mapping is shown in the following figure:
The EPL4_E132 and EPL4_E132_75 option cards support overlength Ethernet frames
(also known as Jumbo frames) on LAN ports 35 and 36.
Loopbacks on outgoing FE/GbE signals
Two LAN ports for Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) optical transceivers which
support 1000 Base-X optical SFPs or can be used as 10/100/1000BASE-T electrical
ports using RJ-45 connectors.
Two LAN ports for dual rate Ethernet (10/100Base-T) using RJ-45 connectors.
Two RJ-45 connectors on the faceplate for four E1 interfaces with 75/120
(Selection can be made on port level via the user interface; default is 120 ).
The ESW4_E14 option card provides 4 Ethernet ports. Two of these (5 and 6) support
10/100 Base-T line rates, while the other two (pairs 7/8 and 9/10) are multirate and
capable of 10/100/1000 Base-T/-X rates. For these ports, the selection between 1000
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Option cards
ESW4_E14 option card
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Base-T (electrical interfaces 8 and 9) and 1000 Base-X (optical interfaces 7 and 10)
must be done via the ITM-CIT. This selection can be done independently for each port.
When an optical port is in use, the electrical counterpart is inactive and vice versa.
Each connector and each SFP has its own green LED (data link up: LED ON or down:
LED OFF) and yellow LED (transmission: LED ON or no transmission: LED OFF).
The total transmission backplane capacity is 16 VC-4s. This capacity is only
available in combination with an MI-16/4 main card, provided the ESW4_E14 card is
placed in the first slot (TS1). In any other slot or when combined with the MI-14/4
main card, the maximum useable capacity is 10 VC-4s.
The following figure shows the front panel of the ESW4_E14 option card.
Transmission rates
When the ESW4_E14 option card is inserted in tributary slot 1 of a 2m/4o or 1m/1o
version and the main unit is an M1-16/4, the total capacity of the unit is equivalent to
16 VC4s (2.5 Gbit/s) with which up to eight VCGs can be created and each VCG can
be assigned to a WAN port. For WAN ports 1 though 4, a capacity of eight VC4s (1
through 8) is available. By default, the 1st and 2nd VC4s are substructured in VC12s.
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Option cards
ESW4_E14 option card
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Similarly, the 3rd, 4th, and 5th VC4s are substructured as VC3s. Optionally, the 1st to
5th VC4s can be changed to unstructured VC4. The 6th, 7th, and 8th VC4s can only
be used as VC4s. As a result, VC12-Xv (X=1..63), VC3-Xv (X=1..9) and/or VC4-Xv
(X=1..7) groups can be created from at most 122 VC12s, 9 VC3s or 8 VC4s.
For WAN ports 5 through 8, a capacity of eight VC4s (9 though 16) is available. Of
these 8 VC4s, the 9th and 10th VC-4 are substructured in VC12s and the 11th, 12th,
and 13th VC4 are substructured in VC3s, by default. Optionally, the 9th to 13th VC4s
can be changed to unstructured VC4. The VC4s 14 through 16 can only be used as
VC4s. As a result, VC12-Xv (X=1..63), VC3-Xv (X=1..9) and/or VC4-Xv (X=1..7)
groups can be created from at most 126 VC12s, 9 VC3s or 8 VC4s.
Note that if the E1 interfaces are used, four VC12s of the first VC4 must be reserved
for E1 transport. In this case, it is mandatory to substructure the first VC4 to carry 63
VC12s.
The system automatically detects if the combination of slot number, main unit, and
tributary unit allows 16 VC4 backplane capacity. No provisioning is required.
The following VC/VCG mapping diagram displays bandwidth selection options for the
WAN ports 1, 2, 3, and 4.
The following VC/VCG mapping diagram displays the bandwidth selection options for
the WAN ports 5, 6, 7, and 8.
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Product description
Option cards
ESW4_E14 option card
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The ESW4_E14 option card supports overlength Ethernet frames (also known as
Jumbo frames) on all LAN ports and on WAN ports 1, 2, 5 and 6. On the other ports
1650Bytes applies.
The ESW4_E14 option card can compensate a maximum delay difference of 64 ms
between the fastest and the slowest VC in receive direction.
Enhanced flow classification
In case a port is provisioned in the Customer Role, the ingress traffic can be
distributed over at most eight different Flow Groups (belonging to a single Flow
Group Table) where each Flow Group can be defined by some DMAC value or a
combination of C-VID (Customer VLAN Identifier) and C-UP (Customer User
Priority) values or an IP-ToS (IP Type of Service) value. Instead of explicit values,
bit masks can also be used to define a Flow Group. The Flow Groups in the Flow
Group Table form an ordered set and ingressing frames are matched to the different
Flow Group definitions in the order in which they are entered in the Flow Group
Table. The last entry in each Flow Group Table is always OTHERS, to which all
frames will be classified that do not match any of the other Flow Group criteria. It
is not possible to delete the OTHERS entry from any Flow Group Table.
In case a port is provisioned in the Network Role, the flow classification process is
carried out in two steps. First the traffic is subdivided in different Flow Group
Tables and next the traffic is classified to individual Flow Groups within each Flow
Group Table. The classification into distinct Flow Group Tables is based on
combinations of S-VID and S-UP values (including masks). Depending on how the
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Flow Group Table is defined, it can contain either a single Flow Group (fixed to
OTHERS) or eight Flow Groups, which can be provisioned in the same manner
as for a Customer Role Port. In case the Flow Group Table contains an expression
for S-UP that differs from S-UP = ALL, only a single flow is defined by the
Flow Group Table, i.e. the OTHERS flow.
Once a flow is defined the user can assign a Flow Profile to it from a set of
pre-defined Flow Profiles. Each Flow Profile consists of a reference number and an
associated set of QoS parameters: Committed Information Rate (CIR), Committed
Burst Size (CBS) , Peak Information Rate (PIR), Peak Burst Size (PBS), Traffic Class
(TC).
The following system level provisioning limits are applicable:
In case the QoS Mode is set to Default Profile, the Flow Classification operates as
follows:
In case a port is provisioned in the Customer Role, all ingress traffic is assigned to
the same Flow Group, which has the Default CR Profile properties.
In case a port is provisioned in the Network Role, all ingress traffic is assigned to
eight different Flow Groups, based on their S-UP value, which have the Default
NR Profile properties.
Auto-negotiation
The ESW4_E14 option card supports a flexible allocation of SDH bandwidth to LAN
ports by making use of the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS, see LCAS
(p. 3-15)). All LAN ports have the same capabilities. Each WAN port supports
VC-12-Xv (X = 1...63), VC-3-Xv (X = 1...9), VC-4-Xv (X = 1...7).
Repeater mode
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protocol operates on the LAN interface and therefore, transmission without loss can be
obtained if the peer node on the LAN link obeys the commands contained in pause
messages.
Note: The ESW4_E14 (ASC108) will drop frames in repeater mode when source
MAC address and destination MAC address are equal.
GFP encapsulation
GFP provides a generic mechanism to adapt traffic from higher-layer client signals
over a transport network. GFP encapsulation is implemented according to
T1X1.5/2000-147.
The following GFP encapsulation are possible with ESW4_E14:
Mapping Ethernet MAC frames into Lower Order SDH VC12-Xv (X = 1...63)
Mapping Ethernet MAC frames into Lower Order SDH VC3-Xv (X = 1...21)
Mapping Ethernet MAC frames into Higher Order SDH VC4-Xv (X = 1...7)
The ESW4_E14 option card supports advanced rate control in the ingress and egress
direction which enables users to set a strict traffic limit (PIR), in combination with a
hold-off mechanism: Excess traffic is held off until the ingress or egress buffer
overflows. In case the ingress buffer fills above a certain threshold, pause messages are
sent in the reverse direction to hold off further traffic. This behaviour improves the
TCP throughput.
Provisioning Committed Burst Size (CBS)
The Flow Profile containing the parameters that define the QoS regime and is applied
to a flow contains a user provisionable entry for the Committed Burst Size (CBS).
This entry describes the number of octets that may be bursted before a frame is no
longer considered part of the Committed Rate. The CBS rate can be provisioned in
kbytes between 1 and 25000 or as a time constant relative parameter to CIR: 10 or 110
ms.
Provisioning Peak Burst Size (PBS)
The Flow Profile containing the parameters that define the QoS regime and is applied
to a flow contains a user provisionable entry for the Peak Burst Size (PBS).
This entry describes the number of octets that may be bursted before a frame is no
longer considered part of the Peak Rate. The PBS rate can be provisioned in kbytes
between 1 and 25000 or as a time constant relative parameter to CIR: 10 or 110 ms.
QoS features
Two rate three color marker (RFC 2697, RFC 2698, and MEF 10) per flow
(switchable color aware/color unaware)
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The traffic class determines the relative priority of a frame based on the traffic
class to queue assignment function and the scheduler settings
The traffic class determines the outgoing p-bits for the egress direction
Egress queue scheduling with strict Priority and/or Weighted Bandwidth options.
The system allows the user to provision the value of the p0-bit (used for dropping
precedence marking) in the VLAN-tag of frames that egress a Virtual Switch in
IEEE 802.1Q mode (TPID = 0x8100) . This is set through a customer role port, to
the value 0 or 1 or leave the bit unchanged.
The ESW4_E14 option card supports loopbacks on outgoing FE and GbE signals on
electrical and optical ports. Note that the ESW4_E14 option card supports loopbacks
only when the ports are set to repeater mode.
TPID conversion on network role ports
Ingress direction
If the S-Tag on a certain egress link is identified by a TPID different from the one
used internally in the TransLAN network, then the internal TPID can be overwritten by
a provisioned value.
TPID conversion features
The user can enable or disable this conversion option individually on each network
role port.
The user can provision the TPID value to be replaced on the unit level, independent
per direction.
TPID conversion takes place before any other filtering or processing step is
performed by the switch.
CFI-bit and P-bit conversion on Network Role Ports
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Ingress direction: The set of three P-bits and the CFI-bit of incoming frames can be
converted from the TransLAN standard usage to a different set of P-bits and CFI-bit to
adapt an externally used interpretation of these bits.
Conversion features:
The conversion map is provisioned at the unit level, independent per direction.
P/CFI-bit conversion takes place before the virtual switch performs any other
filtering or processing.
The system supports modification of VID and D-MAC fields of the spanning tree
BPDUs transmitted through a Network Role port of a virtual switch.
Simple link aggregation
On a physical switch, the user can provision two LAN ports belonging to the same
virtual switch operating at the same transmission speed, to form a Link Aggregation
Group. The Link Aggregation Group on 1655 AMU R6.0 is available only for 1Gbit/s
ports.
At the transmit side, the traffic is distributed over both links based on a hash of the
DMAC and SMAC fields of the frame. In case one link fails, the traffic is moved to
the remaining link.
The Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is used to synchronize both ends with
respect to the active links.
MAC layer access control lists
For a customer role port on a virtual switch, the user can create an Access Control List
(ACL) by selecting one or more entries from a predefined list of MAC protocols.
Incoming frames with a destination MAC address matching one of the values implied
by the ACL, are dropped silently. A different ACL can be constructed for each
customer role port.
Ethernet link OA&M
The user can enable or disable Ethernet Link OA&M according to IEEE Std. 802.3ah
individually on each LAN port (optical/electrical GbE or FE).
On the ports where 802.3ah Link OAM is enabled, an incoming critical link event is
treated as an additional trigger for Link Pass Through.
A remote 1850 TSS-3 attached to a LAN port can be supported as an 802.3ah peer.
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The board supports 1.2 Gigabit interfaces and provides a total transmission capacity of
eight VC-4s. This capacity is divided into two VC-4 groups namely, the SFP-1 to
SFP-4 group and the SFP-5 to SFP-8 group. Each group provides a four VC-4
transmission capacity. For example, if SFP-1 is equipped with an STM-4 interface, the
SFP-2 to SFP-4 have no more capacity and cannot be used. Similarly, if the SFP-5 is
equipped with an STM-4 interface, the SFP-6 to SFP-8 is being utilized and therefore
cannot be used for any additional capacity.
Each SFP transceiver has an LED which indicates three states. When the LED is on, it
indicates hardware failures and confugration alarm. When the LED is blinking, it
indicates transmission failure. When there are no failures, the LED is off. A fault on
the SFP is indicated by an LED on the SFP itself and not on the host units LED.
The STM-1 and STM-4 in-loop and out-loop loopbacks are achieved by the
cross-connect functionality.
The following figure shows the front panel of the Sl-14/8 option card.
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Option cards
Sl-14/8 option card
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Adapter card for legacy option cards (for 2m/4o version only)
To use legacy option cards in the 2m/4o hardware version an adapter is required to fit
the card into the subrack. The figure below shows an empty adapter card.
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Option cards
Adapter card for legacy option cards (for 2m/4o version
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only)
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Option cards
PI-E3DS3/3_E14 option card
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Option cards
EOP4_E132 and EOP4_E132_75 option cards
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The EOP4_E132 and EOP4_E132_75 option cards are switched Ethernet cards that
provide Ethernet and E1 access on the faceplate/LAN side and Ethernet over PDH
mapped signals on the backplane/WAN side.
Note: The EOP4_E132 unit supports 120 E1 interfaces for twisted pair cabling
and the EOP4_E132_75 unit supports 75 E1 interfaces for coaxial cabling.
On the faceplate, the EOP4_E132 and EOP4_E132_75 units provide the following
interfaces on RJ45 connectors:
2 10/100 BaseT
2 10/100/1000 BaseT
32 E1 interfaces (Two E1 interfaces per RJ45) optimized for 120 (in case of
EOP4_E132 option card)/75 (in case EOP4_E132_75 option card) twisted pair
UTP cabling
These units provide two protected TXI-155 signals (all VC4/TU12 structured)
interfaces on the backplane.
Note: The 32 E1 physical interfaces optimized for the 120/75 twisted-pair
cabled environment are terminated on sixteen RJ-45 connectors on the faceplate.
These are mapped via VC12/VC4 into an STM-1 backplane format.
The EOP4_E132 and EOP4_E132_75 units provide two 10/100BASE-T electrical LAN
ports and two triple rate 10/100/1000BASE-T electrical LAN ports on RJ-45
connectors. Additionally, these units support sixteen Ethernet WAN ports, of which the
frames are mapped via GFP and E1 into E1-Xv groups (with X = 1, .., 16). The total
number of E1s is 64 and these are mapped via VC12/VC4 into an STM-1 backplane
format.
The outgoing Ethernet signals can be synchronized to the system clock.
Transmission
The EOP4_E132 and EOP4_E132_75 units provide two distinct transmission paths.
One is from the backplane TXI155 directly to the RJ45 connectors that provide
G.703-style E1 access. The other transmission path is from the backplane TXI155 via
the Ethernet- over-PDH and GFP-F termination functions, through an Ethernet switch
to one of the Ethernet ports.
Note: It is not possible to make a connection between both paths on the option
cards. Such connections are to be made via the lower order cross-connect matrix on
the main unit.
The following figure shows the block diagram of the EOP4_E132 and EOP4_E132_75
option cards:
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The 1655 AMU supports Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) for P12s-Xv
concatenated signals, using the TS1 bits of multiframe position 1. The LCAS defines
a synchronization protocol between two termination points of a virtual concatenated
path. This protocol allows in-service dynamic sizing of the P12s-Xv bandwidth
available for data over PDH transmission.
The change in bandwidth occurs in one of the following situations:
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In case of a failure, the bandwidth will be restored automatically after the failure
clears.
Note: In accordance with ITU-T G.7042/Y.1305, the size of the P12s-Xv is
increased or decreased in steps of one P12s.
Mapping Ethernet frames into P12s-Xv: GFP-F
The EOP4_E132 and EOP4_E132_75 units support the following mapping scheme for
Ethernet frames:
AU4 < - > VC4 < - > X*TU12 < - > X*VC12 < - > X*P12s < - > P12s-Xv < - >
GFP < - > 802.3
The GFP-F encapsulation scheme follows ITU-T G.7041 and the mapping of GFP-F in
P12s-Xv is specified in ITU-T G.8040 and G.7043 standards. The number of virtual
concatenated P12s containers (i.e. X) ranges from 1 to 16.
GFP-FCS support for P12s-Xv in GFP-F mapping
The user can provision a CRC32 checksum to each transmitted GFP-F frame which is
to be transported over a P12s-Xv channel.
Ethernet link OA&M
The user can enable or disable Ethernet link OA&M according to IEEE Std. 802.3ah
individually on each LAN port (optical/electrical GbE or FE).
On the ports where 802.3ah Link OAM is enabled, an incoming critical link event is
treated as an additional trigger for Link Pass Through.
A remote 1850 TSS-3 attached to a LAN port can be supported as an 802.3ah peer.
The following sections of this standard are supported:
Remote loopback
Layer 1 performance monitoring
The MAC address table in the Ethernet bridge is capable of holding up to 16k different
MAC address entries. It may be noted that this is a theoretical number as the total
memory space will not be sequentially accessed and memory collisions happen
before 16k entries have been entered. In such situations, the new entry overwrites the
previous entry. Under normal operation, addresses that are not in use for 5 minutes are
deleted from the table.
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The following parameters of the STP running on a virtual switch can be modified by
the user via the OS or CIT interface:
Hello time
Max. age
The following parameters of the STP, running on a virtual switch, can be retrieved by
the user via the OS or CIT interface:
The parameters listed above are defined in IEEE Std. 802.1D-2004, clause 14.8.1.1.3.
Additionally, the following information can be retrieved from each STP port:
The OS or the ITM-CIT can be used to change or retrieve the mapping of Traffic
Classes (TC) to the egress queues, specific to each virtual switch.
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Legacy option cards
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The X2E3-V2 option card provides two bidirectional 34 Mbit/s (E3) interfaces.
X2DS3-V2 option card (legacy)
The X2DS3-V2 option card provides two additional 45 Mbit/s (DS3) interfaces.
X16DS1 option card (legacy)
The X16DS1-V3 option card provides 16 additional 1.5 Mbit/s (DS1) interfaces. The
following table describes the DS1 port mapping.
TPx.1
CC1,x.111
TPx.2
CC1,x.112
TPx.3
CC1,x.113
TPx.4
CC1,x.121
TPx.5
CC1,x.122
TPx.6
CC1,x.123
TPx.7
CC1,x.131
TPx.8
CC1,x.132
TPx.9
CC1,x.133
TPx.10
CC1,x.141
TPx.11
CC1,x.142
TPx.12
CC1,x.143
TPx.13
CC1,x.151
TPx.14
CC1,x.152
TPx.15
CC1,x.153
TPx.16
CC1,x.161
The X8PL option card provides eight Ethernet interfaces in Private Line mode for the
1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU. The Private Line mode enables traffic to be
mapped from each Ethernet port one-to-one into an SDH container. Thus a private
connection from an Ethernet port through an SDH network to another Ethernet port at
the remote end of the link is possible.
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Legacy option cards
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The X8PL option card supports a flexible allocation of SDH bandwidth to LAN ports
by making use of the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS, see LCAS (p. 3-15)
). All LAN ports have the same capabilities. Each WAN port supports VC-12-Xv (X =
1...63) or VC-3-Xv (X = 1...3).
The VC-12s that form one VCG can be chosen from any TUG-3, in any timeslot order.
However, it is recommended to select the VC-12s in sequential order, preferably in one
TUG-3. In this way the end-to-end network design can be kept simple and easy to
maintain.
To use the X8PL card in the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU, an adapter card
is required, see (p. 2-42)
X4IP option card (legacy)
On the 1655 AMU an Ethernet LAN option board (X4IP) is available providing four
10/100BASE-T Ethernet interfaces. When equipped with an option card, Alcatel-Lucent
SDH multiplexers can offer 10/100BASE-T Ethernet interfaces besides the standard
TDM services like DS1, E1, E3/DS3, E4, STM-1 and STM-4. A description of the
X4IP option card functionality supported by the 1655 AMU is given below:
The following table describes basic characteristics of the X4IP option card.
LAN interfaces
4 10/100 BASE-T
Supported rates
VC-12, VC-3
VC-12-5v, VC-3-2v
LCAS support
Encapsulation method
GFP-F or EoS
1 155 Mbit/s
Service rates
At times X4IP in 9100 tagged traffic does not function and neither traffic nor
STP-PDUs are sent.
When does this occur
This issue occurs only when X4IP is used as repeater to convert WAN- to LAN-traffic.
Reason
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This is because the Repeater on a X4IP is not a real repeater but a Repeater-like
switch. The Repeater functionality is simulated by tagging and untagging traffic in
9100 mode with a VLAN which is not used in other virtual switches (default : 4093).
The consequence of this implementation is that the Repeater does not work for 9100
Tagged traffic.
Resolution
When using X4IP as a repeater, the traffic tagged with a ethertype value is not
forwarded if the repeater is also set to the same ethertpye value. As soon as both
values differ, the traffic and STP-PDU forwarding function as expected on the X4IP.
X4IP option card mapping
The X4IP option board supports an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> TUG-2 <->
X*TU-12 <->X*VC-12 <->VC-12-Xv <->GFP/EoS mapping scheme
The X4IP option board supports an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> X*TU-3 <->
X*VC-3 <->VC-3-Xv <-> GFP/EoS mapping scheme
WAN 2.1
WAN 2.2
WAN 2.3
WAN 2.4
Option
1
100 Mbit/s
(VC-3-2v)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
Option
2
50 Mbit/s (VC-3)
50 Mbit/s (VC-3)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
Option
3
50 Mbit/s (VC-3)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
Option
4
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
50 Mbit/s (VC-3)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
Option
5
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
10 Mbit/s
(VC-12-5v)
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The throughput mentioned in the table above are the maximum settings, it is also
possible to have less throughput for a certain WAN port (for example 6 Mbit/s
(VC-12-3v)).
Notice that only the WAN port bandwidth dictates the effective end-to-end Ethernet
communication throughput, not the LAN ports. The 1655 AMU equipped with the
TransLAN option board keep track of the available capacity according to the rules
defined in the WAN port configuration table above. If an attempt to configure a new
WAN port capacity violates the rules, the system does not grant the new configuration
and triggers an alarm (message).
Ethernet WAN port mapping
The WAN port mapping of the X4IP is shown in the following table. In case the units
in service do not use the same termination points, adaptation via the LO cross connect
is required.
Capacity
WAN port
WAN port 2
WAN port 3
WAN port 4
TPx.1100
TPx.1200
50 Mbit/s
TPx.1100
TPx.1200
10 Mbit/s
TPx.1311
TPx.1323
TPx.1342
TPx.1361
TPx.1312
TPx.1331
TPx.1343
TPx.1362
TPx.1313
TPx.1332
TPx.1351
TPx.1363
TPx.1321
TPx.1333
TPx.1352
TPx.1371
TPx.1322
TPx.1341
TPx.1353
TPx.1372
TPx.1311
TPx.1323
TPx.1342
TPx.1361
TPx.1312
TPx.1331
TPx.1343
TPx.1362
TPx.1313
TPx.1332
TPx.1351
TPx.1363
TPx.1321
TPx.1333
TPx.1352
TPx.1371
TPx.1311
TPx.1323
TPx.1342
TPx.1361
TPx.1312
TPx.1331
TPx.1343
TPx.1362
TPx.1313
TPx.1332
TPx.1351
TPx.1363
TPx.1311
TPx.1323
TPx.1342
TPx.1361
TPx.1312
TPx.1331
TPx.1343
TPx.1362
TPx.1311
TPx.1323
TPx.1342
TPx.1361
100 Mbit/s
8 Mbit/s
6 Mbit/s
4 Mbit/s
2 Mbit/s
QoS
For the X4IP option card, the IEEE 802.1p is valid. The ESW4_E14 option card
supports Enhanced Flow Classification.
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Technical specifications
Overview
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Technical specifications
Overview
Purpose
The following sections provide the technical specifications for the 1655 AMU
Contents
System specifications
2-52
Performance monitoring
2-74
2-81
System specifications
Optical Interfaces
STM-1
The table below lists some parameters and the end of life power budgets for the
STM-1 optical SFPs:
Application
S-1.1 (I-1)
L-1.1
L-1.2
1260 - 1360 nm
1270 - 1360 nm
1480 - 1580 nm
Source type
MLM
SLM / MLM
SLM
NA
1 nm (SLM)
1 nm
7.7 nm
3 nm (MLM)
NA
NA
30 dB / NA
30 dB
-8 dB
0 dB
0 dB
-15 dB
-5 dB
-5 dB
8.2 dB
10 dB
10 dB
see G.957
see G.957
see G.957
Maximum dispersion
96 ps/nm
NA / 246 ps/nm
NA
Attenuation range
0 - 12 dB
10 - 28 dB
10 - 28 dB
NA
NA
20 dB
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System specifications
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Application
S-1.1 (I-1)
L-1.1
L-1.2
-28 dBm
-34 dBm
-34 dBm
Overload (min)
-8 dBm
-10 dBm
-10 dBm
< 1 dB
< 1 dB
< 1 dB
NA
NA
> 25 dB
STM-4
The table below lists some parameters and the end of life power budgets for the
STM-4 optical SFPs:
Application
S-4.1
L-4.2
1274 - 1356 nm
1480 - 1580 nm
Source type
MLM
SLM
NA
1 nm
2.5 nm
NA
NA
30 dB
-8 dBm
+2 dBm
-15 dBm
-3 dBm
8.2 dB
10 dB
see G.957
see G.957
Maximum dispersion
74 ps/nm
NA
0 - 12 dB
10 - 24 dB
NA
24 dB
-28 dBm
-28 dBm
Overload (min)
-8 dBm
-8 dBm
< 1 dB
< 1 dB
NA
27 dB
-10
STM-16
The table below lists some parameters and the end of life power budgets for the
STM-16 SFPs:
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Application
I-16
S-16.1
L-16.1
L-16.2
1266 - 1360 nm
1260 - 1360 nm
1280 - 1335 nm
1500 - 1580 nm
Transmission rate
MLM
SLM
SLM
SLM
NA
1 nm
1 nm
1 nm
4 nm
NA
NA
NA
NA
30 dB
30 dB
30 dB
-3 dBm
0 dBm
3 dBm
3 dBm
10 dBm
5 dBm
2 dBm
2 dBm{
8.2 dB
8.2 dB
8.2 dB
8.2dB
see G.957
see G.957
see G.957
see G.957
12 ps/nm
NA
NA
1600 ps/nm
0 { 7 dB
0 { 12 dB
12 { 24 dB
12 { 24 dB
27 dB
-27 dB
27 dB
27 dB
24 dB
24 dB
24 dB
24 dB
18 dBm
18 dBm
27 dBm
28 dBm
17 dBm
17 dBm
26 dBm
27 dBm
1 dB
1 dB
1 dB
2 dB
Overload (min.)
3 dBm
0 dBm
9 dBm
9 dBm
27 dB
27 dB
27 dB
27 dB
1000BASE-SX SFP
The characteristics of the 1000BASE-SX SFP are summarized in the table below.
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The 1000BASE-SX pluggable optic (850 nm short haul, multi-mode) uses a Low
Power Laser (laser class 1/1 according to FDA/CDRH - 21 CFR 1010 & 1040 / IEC
60825). The 1000BASE-SX pluggable optic complies with IEEE 802.3-2000 Clause
38. The following table describes the various operating ranges for the 1000BASE-SX
pluggable optic over each optical fiber type.
Fiber Type
62.5 m MMF
160
2 ... 220
62.5 m MMF
200
2 ... 275
50 m MMF
400
2 ... 500
50 m MMF
500
2 ... 550
The following table lists the specific optical characteristics for a 1000BASE-SX
pluggable optic.
Application
1000BASE-SX
Bit rate
770 - 860 nm
Transmitter characteristics
Transmitter type
Shortwave Laser
0.26 ns
0.21 ns
0.85 nm
9.5 dBm
30 dBm
9 dB
RIN (max)
117 dB/Hz
see IEEE802.3
Receive characteristics
Average receive power (max)
Receive sensitivity (min) @ BER = 1 10
0 dBm
-12
17 dBm
12 dB
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The following table lists the worst-case power budget and link penalties for a
1000BASE-SX pluggable optic. Link penalties are used for link budget calculations.
Description
Unit
62.5 m
MMF
50 m MMF
MHz
km
160
200
400
500
dB
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
Operating distance
220
275
500
550
dB
2.38
2.60
3.37
3.56
dB
4.27
4.29
4.07
3.57
dB
0.84
0.60
0.05
0.37
1000BASE-LX SFP
The following table lists the specific optical characteristics for a 1000BASE-LX
pluggable optic.
The 1000BASE-LX pluggable optic uses a Low Power Laser (laser class 1/1 according
to FDA/CDRH - 21 CFR 1010 & 1040 / IEC 60825). The 1000BASE-LX pluggable
optic complies with IEEE 802.3-2000 Clause 38. The table below describes the various
operating ranges for the 1000BASE-LX pluggable optic over each optical fiber type.
Fiber Type
Minimum range
(meters)
10 m SSMF
N/A
2 to 5000
The following table lists the specific optical characteristics for a 1000BASE-LX
pluggable optic.
Application
1000BASE-LX
Bit rate
1.25Gb/s +/-100ppm
1270 - 1355 nm
Transmitter characteristics
Transmitter type
T
rise
/T
fall
(max, 2080%)
Longwave Laser
0.26 ns
4 nm
-3 dBm
-11 dBm
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Application
1000BASE-LX
-30 dBm
9 dB
see IEEE802.3
RIN (max)
-117 dB/Hz
Receive characteristics
Average receive power (max)
Receive sensitivity (min) @ BER = 1 10
-3 dBm
-12
-19 dBm
12 dB
-14.4 dBm
The following table lists the worst-case power budget and link penalties for a
1000BASE-LX pluggable optic. Link penalties are used for link budget calculations.
Description
Unit
10 m SMF
dB
Operating distance
5000
dB
4.57
dB
3.27
dB
0.16
1000BASE-ZX SFP
The following table lists the specific optical characteristics for a 1000BASE-ZX
pluggable optic.
The 1000BASE-ZX pluggable optic uses a Low Power Laser (laser class 1/1 according
to FDA/CDRH - 21 CFR 1010 & 1040 / IEC 60825). The 1000BASE-ZX pluggable
optic complies with IEEE 802.3-2002 Clause 38. The following table lists the specific
optical characteristics for a 1000BASE-ZX pluggable optic.
Application
1000BASE-ZX
Bit rate
1.25Gb/s +/-100ppm
1500-1580 nm
SLM
1.0 nm
30dB
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Application
1000BASE-ZX
+5 dBm
0 dBm
9.0 dB
see IEEE802.3
RIN (max)
-120 dB/Hz
20 dB
Maximum dispersion
1600 ps/nm
Attenuation range
5 - 21 dB
1.5 dB
-12
-22.5 dBm
Overload (min)
0 dBm
12 dB
CWDM SFPs
The table below lists some parameters and the end of life power budgets for the
CWDM STM-4/16 SFPs:
Application
Maximum channels
+5 dBm
+5 dBm
0 dBm
0 dBm
Operating wavelength
1471 nm +20m (m = 0 to 7)
1471 nm +20m (m = 0 to 7)
+/- 6.5 nm
+/- 6.5 nm
8.2 dB
8.2 dB
see G.957
see G.957
Interface at point SS
17 dB
25.5 dB
5 dB
13 dB
Maximum dispersion
1000 ps/nm
1640 ps/nm
24 dB
24 dB
27 dB
27 dB
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Application
120 ps
120 ps
20 dB
20 dB
0 dBm
-8 dBm
Minimum sensitivity
-18.5 dBm
-28 dBm
1.5 dB
2.5 dB
27 dB
27 dB
Interface at point RS
The table below lists some parameters and the end of life power budgets for the
STM-1, STM-4, 1 GbE Single-Fiber (Bidirectional) Short Haul optical modules (SFPs).
Unit
Application
Value
Downstream
S-1.2/S-4.2
Downstream
1000BASEBX10-D
Upstream
S-1.1/S-4.1
Upstream
1000BASEBX10-U
Data rate
Mbit/s
155/622
1250
155/622
1250
Target distance
km
15
20
15
20
SLM
SLM
Wavelength
nm
1480 - 1500
1260 - 1360
nm
dBm
-6
-6
Maximum mean
launched power in case
Tx_Disable = high
dBm
-45
-45
Minimum extinction
ratio
dB
see G.957
see G.957
Maximum reflectance of
transmitter, measured at
S / TP2
dB
NA
-12
NA
-12
dB
3.3
3.3
Product description
Technical specifications
System specifications
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Unit
Value
Application
Downstream
S-1.2/S-4.2
Downstream
1000BASEBX10-D
Upstream
S-1.1/S-4.1
Upstream
1000BASEBX10-U
Data rate
Mbit/s
155/622
1250
155/622
1250
Target distance
km
15
20
15
20
dB
13.5
13.5
dB
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
Minimum attenuation
dB
Maximum dispersion
ps/nm
275
275
132
132
nm
1260 - 1360
1480 - 1500
Minimum sensitivity (@
BER = 1 10-12)
dBm
-19.5
-19.5
-19.5
-19.5
Minimum overload
dBm
Maximum reflectance of
receiver, measured at R
/ TP3
dB
-12
-12
The following table lists the STM-1 and STM-4 Single-Fiber (Bidirectional) Long Haul
optical interface parameters.
Unit
Application
Value
Downstream
Upstream
Tx: L-1.2/L-4.2
Rx: L-1.1/L-4.1
Tx: L-1.1/L-4.1
Rx: L-1.2/L-4.2
Data rate
Mbit/s
155/622
155/622
Target distance
km
40
40
EOL
EOL
SLM
SLM
nm
1480 - 1580
1280 - 1335
maximum -20 dB
spectral width
nm
minimum side
mode suppression
ratio
dB
30
30
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Unit
Application
Value
Downstream
Upstream
Tx: L-1.2/L-4.2
Rx: L-1.1/L-4.1
Tx: L-1.1/L-4.1
Rx: L-1.2/L-4.2
Data rate
Mbit/s
155/622
155/622
Target distance
km
40
40
- maximum
dBm
+2
+2
- minimum
dBm
-5
-3
Maximum mean
launched power in
case
dBm
-45
-45
dB
10
10
see G.957
see G.957
-12
-12
Tx_Disable = high
Minimum
extinction ratio
Transmitter eye
mask definition
Maximum
reflectance of
transmitter,
measured at S
dB
dB
22
24
Minimum
attenuation (at a
BER = 1 10 -10)
dB
10
10
Maximum
dispersion (absolute
value)
ps/nm
NA
172
Minimum optical
return loss of cable
plant at S,
including any
connectors
dB
24
24
nm
1260 - 1360
1480 - 1600
Minimum
sensitivity (at a
BER = 1 10-10)
dBm
-28
-28
Minimum overload
dBm
-8
-8
Maximum optical
path penalty
dB
-34
-34
dBm
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Unit
Application
Value
Downstream
Upstream
Tx: L-1.2/L-4.2
Rx: L-1.1/L-4.1
Tx: L-1.1/L-4.1
Rx: L-1.2/L-4.2
Data rate
Mbit/s
155/622
155/622
Target distance
km
40
40
- minimum
dBm
-40
-40
- maximum
dB
- minimum
dB
0.5
0.5
Maximum
reflectance of
receiver, measured
at R
dB
-12
-12
LOS hysteresis
FE 100BASE-LX10 interface
Unit
Application (IEEE802.ah)
Value
100BASE-LX10 single-mode
Data rate
MBd
Target distance
km
10
MLM
Wavelength
nm
1260 - 1360
nm
7.7
dBm
-8
dBm
-15
dBm
-45
dB
UI
ns
tbd
ns
3.2
dB
12
dB
dB
ps/nm
dB
4.5
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Unit
Value
Application (IEEE802.ah)
100BASE-LX10 single-mode
Data rate
MBd
Target distance
km
10
nm
1260 - 1360
dBm
-26
dBm
-25
dBm
-20.1
Minimum overload
dBm
-8
ns
3.54
dBm
-45
dBm
-25
dB
dB
0.5
dB
-12
-12
Note that this SFP can be only used with the ESW4_E14 S1:3 option card.
Electrical STM-1 interface
The following table lists some parameters and the End of Life power budget of the
155-Mbit/s electrical interface unit:
Unit
Application
Value
intra-office
SDH Level
type
STM-1
Transmission rate
kbit/s
155,520 20 ppm
Line coding
type
Impedance
75
Return Loss
dB
15
dB
12.7
Tributary interfaces
STM-1 tributary interface at 155 Mbit/s according to G.957 via SFP. The 155
Mbit/s optical access is done with a LC connector type.
STM-1 tributary interface at 155 Mbit/s according to the ITU G703-15 via SFP.
The STM-1e SFPs use the DIN 1.0/2.3 type connectors.
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STM-4 tributary interface at 622 Mbit/s according to G.957 via SFP. The 622
Mbit/s optical access is realized with a LC connector type.
The 1655 AMU supports an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> TUG-2 <-> TU-12
<->VC-12 <->E1 mapping scheme for each VC-12 created and terminated in the
system
The 1655 AMU supports an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> TUG-2 <-> TU-12
<-> VC-11 <->DS1 mapping scheme for each VC-11 created and terminated in the
system
Mapping
The 1655 AMU supports an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> TU-3 <-> VC-3
<->E3 mapping scheme for each VC-3 created and terminated in the system
The 1655 AMU supports an AU-4 <-> VC-4 <-> TUG-3 <-> TU-3 <-> VC-3 <->
DS3 mapping scheme for each VC-3 created and terminated in the system.
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The next table describes the Section Overhead (SOH) processing functions.
Overhead bytes
A1-A2
Function
Processing
Yes
Yes
C1
Fixed to 00000001
B1
No
B2
Yes
D1 to D12
Yes
E2
Codirectional interfaces at 64
kbit/s (J64), in accordance with
G.703 (Service channel)
Yes
F1
Fixed to 11111111
K1, K2 (bit 1 to 5)
Yes
K2 (bit 6 to 8)
Yes
S1
Synchronization state
Yes
M1
Yes
Z1, Z2
Reserved
Fixed to 11111111
NU
National use
11111111
The next table describes the Path Overhead (POH) processing functions for VC-12
transmission.
Overhead bytes
Function
Processing
V5 (bit 1 to 2)
Yes
V5 (bit 3)
Yes
V5 (bit 4)
RFI path
Fixed to 0
V5 (bit 5 to 7)
Yes
V5 (bit 8)
Yes
J2
Yes
Z6
Connection/monitoring
Fixed to 0
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Overhead bytes
Function
Processing
K4 (bit 1 to 4)
Fixed to 0
K4 (bit 5 to 6)
Reserved
Fixed to 0
Note that the POH processing for VC-11 transmission is available via the V5 (bit 3)
overhead byte for REI functions.
The next table describes the POH processing functions for VC-3 transmission.
Overhead bytes
Function
Processing
J1
Yes
B3
Yes
C2
Yes
G1
REI/RDI path
Yes
F2
User channel
Fixed to 0
F3
User channel
Fixed to 0
H4
Provides a general
multiframe indicator for
VC-structured payloads.
Provides a multiframe and
sequence indicator for
virtual VC-3 concatenation
and LCAS
Fixed to 11111111
K3 (bit 1 to 4)
Fixed to 0
K3 (bit 5 to 6)
Reserved
Fixed to 0
Z5
Network control
Fixed to 0
The next table describes the POH processing for VC-4 transmission.
Overhead bytes
Function
Processing
J1
Yes
B3
Yes
C2
VC-4
Yes
G1
REI/RDI path
Yes
F2
User channel
Fixed to 0
F3
User channel
Fixed to 0
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Overhead bytes
Function
Processing
H4
Yes
K3 (bit 1 to 4)
Fixed to 0
K3 (bit 5 to 6)
Reserved
Fixed to 0
Z5
Network control
Fixed to 0
The next table describes the POH processing for VC-4-4c transmission.
Overhead bytes
Function
Processing
J1
Yes
B3
Yes
C2
Yes
G1
REI/RDI path
Yes
Note: The ISDN feature requires the processing of the overhead contained in timeslot 0
(TS0) of the 2 Mbit/s signal.
Power supply specifications
The power consumption of a fully equipped 1655 AMU 2m/4o system remains
below 160 watts.
The power consumption of a fully equipped 1655 AMU 1m/1o system remains
below 55 watts.
Voltage range DC: 48 VDC and 60 VDC (39 VDC minimum, 72 VDC
maximum).
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Power consumption
The following table lists the power consumption for the system components of 1655
AMU.
1655 AMU Products
Apparatus
code
Comcode
Typical
[W]
Maximum
[W]
ASH101
109509752
N/A
N/A
ASH102
109509778
N/A
N/A
ASC101B
109555516
10
12.5
ASC110
109588954
15
20
ASC102
109509679
8.6
10.2
ASC104
109535468
8.8
11.3
ASC105
109543504
12.5
14.5
ASC106
109543512
14.4
15.4
ASC107
109543520
14.5
16
ASC108
109579896
28
32
ASC109
109579904
10
ASC111
109655225
10
12
ASC114
109655225
15
20
ASC112
109683508
21
26
ASC113
109683516
21
26
AMU AC-1
109509653
4.5
ASH104
109509786
3.5
ASF101
109667840
13
22
ASF102
109667857
10
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The following table lists the power consumption for the SFPs used with 1655 AMU.
1655 AMU Products
Apparatus
code
Comcode
Typical
[W]
Maximum
[W]
OM155T101
109469809
1.0
1.2
OM155T103
109469825
1.0
1.2
OM155T102
109469817
1.0
1.2
OM622T101
109509687
1.0
1.2
OM622T102
109509695
1.0
1.2
OM622T103
109509703
1.0
1.2
OM155T104
109543561
1.0
1.2
OM155T105
109559492
1.0
1.2
OM155T106
109559500
1.0
1.2
OM2G5T101
109509711
1.0
1.2
OM2G5T102
109509729
1.0
1.2
OM2G5T103
109509737
1.0
1.2
OM2G5T104
109509745
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT101
109620385
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT102
109620393
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT103
109620401
1.0
1.2
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Apparatus
code
Comcode
Typical
[W]
Maximum
[W]
OMWDMT104
109620419
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT105
109620427
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT106
109620435
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT107
109620443
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT108
109620450
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT109
109620468
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT110
109620476
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT111
109620484
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT112
109620492
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT113
109620500
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT114
109620518
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT115
109620526
1.0
1.2
OMWDMT116
109620534
1.0
1.2
OMGBET103
109534347
1.0
1.2
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Apparatus
code
Comcode
Typical
[W]
Maximum
[W]
OMGBET102
109526491
1.0
1.2
OMGBET101
109526483
1.0
1.2
OM622T105
109671446
1.0
1.2
OM622T106
109671438
1.0
1.2
Supervision interface
F-interface for Craft Interface Terminal via RJ45 connector with metal shell for
grounding (ITM-CIT)
The interface conforms to V.10/RS-232C standards.
Q-LAN Interface via RJ45 connector with metal shell for grounding
(Ethernet-10BASE-T)
This interface conforms to IEEE 802.3 Ethernet standards.
The user can assign, through the EMS or local workstation, an alarm message and
alarm severity to each of the four miscellaneous discrete inputs (MDIs). They are
equivalent to other system alarms.
When receiving power, all four miscellaneous discrete outputs (MDOs) are
normally open. If power is lost, MDO 1s contacts close (assigned to indicate
power failure). MDO 2-4 are respectively assigned to Prompt alarm, Deferred
alarm and Information alarm.
The MDI inputs and MDO outputs are available from a 25 pin SUB-D male
connector.
Easy MDI
The 1655 AMUsupports two types of MDI; an external version which requires 18-72V
voltage and an Easy version which does not require a power source. The external
physical interface supports four floating MDIs and four non-floating (Easy) MDIs
simultaneously. The MDIs can be floating and non-floating with respect to system
ground. However, the Easy MDIs are not connected to ground. There is also no pin
sharing between the floating MDIs and the easy MDIs. Activation of the floating MDI
requires an external voltage in the range of 18-72 V (Imax of 4mA by one input).
For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU Installation
Guide.
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System specifications
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Environmental conditions
Storage compliant with ETSI 300 019-1-1 Class 1-2, February 1992:
- Temperature range -5C to +45C
- Humidity of 5 to 90% without condensation.
Transport compliant with ETSI 300 019-1-2 Class 2-3, February 1992:
- Temperature range -5C to +45C
- Humidity of 5 to 90% without condensation.
The system normally operates with convectional cooling. In specific configurations,
fan cooling is used. For more information about when a fan is recommended, see
Guidelines for Fan usage (p. 2-72).
CE marking compliant EC2004.108/EEC
ETSI EMC - The system meets the requirements of EN 300 386-2 V.1.1.3
(december 1997) for equipment installed in locations other than telecom centers.
Optical safety compliant with IEC 60825-1 Ed 1.1 (1998/01) and IEC 60825-2 Ed
2 (2000/05).
The street cabinet units require dust free environment. No air filter is provided.
Therefore, the environment must be sufficiently dust-free. The maximum dust
suspension level is as specified by ETSI 300-019-1-3 paragraph 5.4 (0,2 mg/m3).
The following table shows the environmental conditions for the 1655 AMU.
Power Type
Min Temp.
Max
Temp
Min
Hum.
Max
Hum
DC
-5
+45
5%
90%
Class 3.1E
AC
-5
+45
5%
90%
Class 3.1E
Installation operations in street cabinets are supported, when they provide the required
environmental conditions.
Important! Ensure that the 1655 AMU units have reached room temperature and
are dry before taking them into operation.
For further information, please refer to the 1655 AMU Installation Guide.
Guidelines for Fan usage
Some option cards in certain hardware configurations require a fan (ASH104) unit
being installed. The tables below provide an overview when a fan unit is mandatory
for both ETSI class 3.1 and ETSI class 3.1E conditions as specified in ETS 300
019-1-3. For specific installation instructions, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer
Universal AMU, Release 6.0, Installation Guide (365-312-848R6.0, Comcode
109686931).
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The following table indicates option cards that require mandatory fan unit usage for
ETSI class 3.1 compliant environmental conditions.
Option card
1m/1o shelf
horizontal
mounting
(ASH102)
1m/1o shelf
vertical
mounting
(ASH102)
2m/4o shelf
vertical
mounting
(ASH101)
1655 AMU
Subrack 6H
(2m/4o)
horizontal
mounting
(ASH111)
1655 AMU
Subrack 2H
(1m/1o)
horizontal
mounting
(ASH112)
EPL4_E14
(ASC105)
No fan
No fan
No fan
EPL4_E132_ No fan
75 - 75
(ASC107)
No fan
No fan
ESW4_E14
(ASC108)
SI-14/8
(ASC109)
No fan
No fan
EOP4_E132
(120 )
(ASC112)
No fan
No fan
No fan
No fan
Other cards
No fan
No fan
No fan
The following table indicates option cards that require mandatory fan unit usage for
ETSI class 3.1E compliant environmental conditions.
Option card
1m/1o shelf
horizontal
mounting
(ASH102)
1m/1o shelf
vertical
mounting
(ASH102)
2m/4o shelf
vertical
mounting
(ASH101)
1655 AMU
Subrack 6H
(2m/4o)
horizontal
mounting
(ASH111)
1655 AMU
Subrack 2H
(1m/1o)
horizontal
mounting
(ASH112)
EPL4_E14
(ASC105)
No fan
No fan
No fan
No fan
ESW4_E14
(ASC108)
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SI-14/8
(ASC109)
No fan
No fan
EOP4_E132
(ASC112)
No fan
No fan
No fan
No fan
No fan
No fan
Other cards
No fan
No fan
No fan
Performance monitoring
Overview
VC-12, VC-3, VC-4, and VC-4-4c Connection Termination Points (CTPs), also
referred to as non-intrusive monitoring
The current performance monitoring data is displayed in a 15 minutes counter and
a 24 hour counter. The ITM-CIT users have access to the current PM bins.
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Performance monitoring
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Threshold reports are generated when performance parameters set by users exceed
15 minute and 24 hour periods
In addition to the capacity limit (600) for the number of simultaneously active PM
points at the system level, there is a limit of 200 performance monitoring points for
each slot in the system. For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer
Universal AMU User Operations Guide.
Enhanced Ethernet performance monitoring
The General Purpose Ethernet Monitor can be enabled or disabled on each LAN or
WAN port. The following counters are available in this monitor:
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Performance monitoring
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For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU User
Operations Guide.
Threshold limit notifications for general purpose Ethernet monitor
Users can enable or disable threshold limit notifications for each active General
Purpose Ethernet Port Monitor on each of the following eight parameters.
Each General Purpose Ethernet Port Monitor has its own set of thresholds. In case one
of the thresholds is crossed while the threshold crossing is enabled, a corresponding
alarm will be raised or cleared for the chosen General Purpose Ethernet Port Monitor.
Users can provision Set or Clear thresholds for each of these counters. Note that
this feature is only applicable in combination with the General Purpose Ethernet
Monitor features. For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal
AMU User Operations Guide.
Ethernet service monitor
The Ethernet service monitor can be enabled or disabled on each flow on a port on
which Flow Classification is enabled. The following three counters are included in this
monitor:
For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal User Operations
Guide.
Ethernet congestion monitor
The Ethernet Congestion Monitor can be enabled or disabled on each network role
egress port. The following counters are included in this monitor.
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g3EOCS: Number of seconds with at least one dropped green frame of traffic class
3
y3EOCS: Number of seconds with at least one dropped yellow frame of traffic
class 3.
For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU User
Operations Guide.
Threshold limit notifications for Ethernet congestion monitor
Users can individually enable or disable threshold limit notifications for each active
Ethernet Congestion Monitor on the each of the following parameters.
Note that this feature is only applicable in combination with the Ethernet Congestion
Monitor features.
For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU User
Operations Guide.
Ethernet high priority traffic monitor
The Ethernet high priority traffic monitor can be enabled or disabled on each ingress
network role port. The following counters are included in this monitor.
g3EINB: Number of octets in non-errored incoming green frames with traffic class
3
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y3EINB: Number of octets in non-errored incoming yellow frames with traffic class
3
g2EINB: Number of octets in non-errored incoming green frames with traffic class
2
y2EINB: Number of octets in non-errored incoming yellow frames with traffic class
2
Note that a one second interval performance counter is marked Loaded in case the
counter increments more than the provisioned Loaded Second (LS) threshold during
this second. A one second interval on a performance counter is marked Severely
Loaded in case the counter increments more than the provisioned Severely Loaded
Second (SLS) threshold during this second. For more information about Loaded
Second and Severely Loaded Second, refer the following sections.
For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU User
Operations Guide.
Ethernet low priority traffic monitor
The Ethernet Low Priority Traffic Monitor can be enabled or disabled on each ingress
network role port. The following counters are included in this monitor.
g0EINB: Number of octets in non-errored incoming green frames with traffic class
0
y1EINB: Number of octets in non-errored incoming yellow frames with traffic class
1
For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal User Operations
Guide.
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Performance monitoring
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Users can individually enable or disable threshold crossing notifications for each active
Ethernet High Priority Traffic Monitor on each of the following parameters.
Each Ethernet High Priority Traffic Monitor has its own set of thresholds. In case one
of the thresholds is crossed while the threshold crossing is enabled, a corresponding
alarm is raised or cleared for the Ethernet High Priority Traffic Monitor in question.
Users can provision Set and Clear thresholds for each of these counters. Note that
this feature is only applicable to the Ethernet High Priority Traffic Monitor feature.
For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU User
Operations Guide.
Provisionable LS/SLS threshold
Users can provision thresholds (between 0%-100%) to define a Loaded Second (LS)
and a Severely Loaded Second (SLS) for both C3EIN and C2EIN counters. One set of
provisioned LS/SLS thresholds (four values) can be provisioned for each Ethernet High
Priority Traffic Monitor. Different thresholds can be set to 15 minute and 24 hour
counters. Note that this feature is only applicable to the Ethernet High Priority Traffic
Monitor feature.
In combination with the LS and SLS provisioning in percentage, users can provision
the bandwidth to which the percentages are applied (in kbit/s per port), which
represents the 100% traffic load, when no VCAT or LAG members have failed. The
system automatically scales back the thresholds in case VCAT or LAG bandwidth is
temporarily lost. Note that this feature is only applicable to the Ethernet High Priority
Traffic Monitor feature.
For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU User
Operations Guide.
Round Trip Delay Monitor
An Round Trip Delay Monitor can be enabled or disabled for a certain set of user
specified parameters which define an Ethernet Service Route. For each Ethernet
Service Route, a frame delay monitor can be enabled. The following counters are
included in this monitor.
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Users can individually enable or disable threshold limit notifications for each active
Round Trip Delay Monitor on any or each of the following parameters.
Each Round Trip Delay Monitor has its own set of thresholds. In case one of the
thresholds is crossed while the threshold limit is being enabled, a corresponding alarm
is raised or cleared for the Round Trip Delay Monitor. Users can provision Set and
Clear threshold limits for these counters. Note that this feature is only applicable to
the Round Trip Delay Monitor feature.
Ethernet Link Monitor
The 802.3ah based Ethernet Link Monitor can be enabled or disabled on each port on
which Link OAM is enabled .
The following eight counters are included in this monitor:
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The user can individually enable or disable threshold crossing notifications (TR/RTR
type) for each active Ethernet 802.3ah Link OAM Monitor on each of the following
sixteen parameters:
Each Ethernet 802.3ah Link OAM Monitor has its own set of thresholds. In case one
of the thresholds is crossed while the threshold crossing is enabled, a corresponding
alarm is raised or cleared for the Ethernet 802.3ah Link OAM Monitor in question.
The user can provision both Set and Clear thresholds for each of these counters.
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Advanced TransLAN Features
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The virtual switches in the network element support proprietary in-service round trip
delay measurement by transmitting a special ping PDU from the local virtual switch
that is identified as the FROM Node to a remote switch that is identified as the TO
node. The TO node is identified by a MAC address. A ping frame with a defined
length can be sent with a certain VLAN, priority, and dropping precedence provisioned
by the user. Based on the responses from the remote node, the round trip time is
calculated. The result is presented to the user as a delay in milliseconds or a time-out.
Continuous Ethernet in-service RTD measurement - FROM Node
Users can provision a continuously repeating round trip delay measurement with the
following parameters.
Frame length
V-LAN
Traffic class
Dropping precedence
The repitition rate is approximately 45 seconds. The results are presented in the
Performance Monitoring format. For more information, refer the 1655 Access
Multiplexer Universal AMU User Operations Guide.
Proprietary Ethernet in-service RTD measurement - TO node
Protocol data units (PDUs) that are transmitted by a remote Ethernet switch for
in-service round trip measurement purposes (which are addressed to a local Ethernet
switch in the system) provide the appropriate response.
Static MAC address table configuration and retrieval
The following features support static MAC address table configuration and retrieval.
Users can view, create, and delete a unicast MAC address to and from the filtering
database of an Ethernet switch unit. A unicast MAC address entry in the filtering
database consists of a unicast MAC address, a V-LAN entry, and a destination port.
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Advanced TransLAN Features
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Upon request, the user can view the entire list of provisioned static entries from the
filtering database of a switch unit. For more information, refer the 1655 Access
Multiplexer Universal AMU User Operations Guide.
Manual multicast MAC address provisioning
Users can view, create, and delete a multicast/broadcast MAC address to and from the
filtering database of an Ethernet switch unit. A multicast/broadcast MAC address entry
in the filtering database consists of the multicast/broadcast MAC address, a V-LAN
entry, and a destination port list. Upon request, the user can view the entire list of
provisioned static entries from the filtering database of a switch unit. This feature is
only applicable on the ESW4_E14 option card. For more information, refer the 1655
Access Multiplexer Universal AMU User Operations Guide.
Delete/View dynamic entry from filtering database
Users can search for specific and dynamically learnt MAC addresses or V-LAN entries
in the filtering database of an Ethernet switch unit. If the specified entry is present, the
associated destination port is displayed. When required, such an entry can be deleted
from the filtering database. This feature is only applicable to the ESW4_E14 option
card. For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU User
Operations Guide.
Port security by S-MAC Address based Access List
Users can lock or unlock an Ethernet switch port. On a locked port, the automatic
address learning feature is disabled and all frames of the source MAC address that do
not appear in the access list are dropped. An access list from the filtering database of
the Ethernet switch is used. Before a frame is allowed to enter a locked port, the
source MAC address with the proper V-LAN number and port number must be present
in the filtering database.
Flushing the filtering database
When required, the user can delete all dynamically learnt addresses from the filtering
database of an Ethernet unit. For more information about this procedure, refer the 1655
Access Multiplexer Universal User Operations Guide. This feature is only applicable to
the ESW4_E14 option card. For more information, refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer
Universal AMU User Operations Guide.
Limited automatic MAC address learning capacity per V-LAN
Users can limit the number of MAC addresses that can be automatically learnt from
any static V-LAN to a number below the maximum capacity of the Ethernet switch.
Additionally, users can also retrieve a list of V-LANs with static registration on the
Ethernet unit with their respective limits.
Provisioning MAC address ageing timer
Users can provision the ageing timer for automatically learnt MAC addresses between
10 and 630 seconds (default 300s) in steps of 10 seconds. This timer value is common
for all virtual switches that are instantiated on the same TransLAN unit.
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3
Overview
Purpose
Alcatel-Lucent SDH products comply with the relevant SDH ETSI and ITU-T
standards. Important functions defined in SDH standards such as the Data
Communication Channel (DCC), the associated 7-layer OSI protocol stack, the SDH
multiplexing structure and the Operations, Administration, Maintenance, and
Provisioning (OAM&P) functions are implemented in Alcatel-Lucent product families.
Alcatel-Lucent is heavily involved in various study groups with ITU-T, and ETSI
creating and maintaining the latest worldwide SDH standards. 1655 AMU comply with
all relevant and latest ETSI and ITU-T standards.
Contents
Physical interfaces
3-3
Transmission interfaces
3-3
Data interfaces
3-5
Timing interfaces
3-5
Orderwire interfaces
3-6
Operations interfaces
3-6
Power interfaces
3-7
Transmission features
3-9
Cross-connection features
3-9
Transmission protection
3-10
Equipment protection
3-12
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Overview
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Ethernet features
3-12
Auto-negotiation
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
Equipment features
3-19
3-19
3-20
3-22
Timing features
3-22
3-22
3-24
3-24
3-28
Overview
3-28
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Physical interfaces
Overview
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Physical interfaces
Overview
Purpose
This section provides information about all kinds of external physical interfaces of the
1655 AMU. For detailed technical data and optical parameters of the interfaces please
refer to Technical specifications (p. 2-52).
The 1655 AMU supports a variety of additional interfaces that are dependent on the
use of an option card. The choice of the option cards and data interfaces described
below provide outstanding transmission flexibility and integration capabilities.
Contents
Transmission interfaces
3-3
Data interfaces
3-5
Timing interfaces
3-5
Orderwire interfaces
3-6
Operations interfaces
3-6
Power interfaces
3-7
Transmission interfaces
Pluggable modules
The 1655 AMU accepts multi-technology Small Formfactor Pluggable (SFP) devices
that can operate both with SDH and Ethernet optical specifications. The advantage is
that the system units can be equipped with generic receptacles that can remain
unequipped if an interface remains (initially) unused, or can be equipped with different
interface types. This helps to avoid the need to define different unit type-numbers for
each (combination of) interface types. In general, the flexibility of the systems is
enhanced by the introduction of pluggable modules. Various SFPs can exist, supporting
any subset of STM-1, STM-4, STM-16, optical FE and/or optical GbE. An SFP is
accepted in a port in case the bitrate/technology for which the port being provisioned is
supported by the multi-technology SFP.
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Physical interfaces
Transmission interfaces
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A receptacle for a pluggable module in the system can have three administrative states:
Administrative state
Description
MODULE ACCEPTED
MODULE REJECTED
The system has the capability to automatically detect that a pluggable module is
present, not-present, removed or inserted in any of its receptacles.
A fault LED mounted on the unit remains operational when the pluggable module is
removed from the unit. During an fWUP, fUNI, fPM-EQF or fPM-UPF failure, a
dedicated LED for the respective pluggable module will be lit continuously. If the unit
does not have a dedicated LED for each pluggable module, the unit LED will be
continuously lit indicating an alarm.
SDH interface overview
1655 AMU supports the synchronous transmission rates STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16.
In the present release, STM-1, STM-4, and STM-16 optical as well as STM-1 electrical
interface types can be realized in a modular way by only changing the SFP. Four ports
on one main card are available to plug an SFP. However, only two of the four ports are
available for STM-16 transmission.
PDH interface overview
1655 AMU 2m/4o and 1655 AMU 1m/1o provide PDH interfaces via an option card.
The following PDH interfaces can be configured via an option card:
Sixteen 1.5 Mbit/s interfaces (only 2m/4o version with adapter card)
Two 34 Mbit/s interfaces (only 2m/4o version with adapter card)
Four times 2 Mbit/s at the ESW4_E14 option card. For the E1 interfaces, (120
and 75 ) options are available.
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Features
Physical interfaces
Transmission interfaces
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Data interfaces
LAN interfaces
up to eight Ethernet interfaces in Private Line mode at the X8PL option card (only
2m/4o version with adapter card).
Two 10/100 BaseT and two 10/100/1000 BaseT interfaces at the EOP4_E132 and
EOP4_E132_75 option cards.
Please note that legacy cards like X8PL and X4IP require a two-slot wide adapter card
to fit in the shelf.
Timing interfaces
1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU provides one external timing input and
output per main card for ITU-T compliant 2MHz / 2Mb/s timing signals, see also
Timing interface features (p. 3-22). The timing output is realized as RJ45 connector
suitable for symmetrical twisted pair cables with an impedance of 120 or coaxial
cables with an impedance of 75 .
Real time information survival
The system contains a realtime clock cicuit which can survive a power outage of up to
10 minutes. In case the power is restored within this time, the Fault Management
(alarm event timestamping) and Performance Monitoring (binning, reporting, TCNs)
functions will continue without requiring user intervention.
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Physical interfaces
Timing interfaces
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Orderwire interfaces
V.11 interfaces
The 1655 AMU supports one Engineering Order Wire (EOW) interface with a 15 pin
sub-D connector on the faceplate. Regardless of the configuration, the EOW is
supported on Main-1 unit on line port 1 (LP1.1). The E2 channel is used to transfer the
EOW data.
Note: This interface is not supported on the 1655 AMU Main Card - MI-16/1
(Apparatus code: ASC114).
Operations interfaces
Operations interfaces
The 1655 AMU offers a wide range of operations interfaces to meet the needs of an
evolving Operations System (OS) network. The operation interfaces include:
Q-LAN interface
The Q interface enables network-oriented communication between 1655 AMU
systems and the element/network manager. This interface uses a Qx interface
protocol that is compliant with ITU-T recommendation G.773-CLNS1 to provide
the capability for remote management via the Data Communication Channels
(DCCs). The Q-LAN connector is either a 10 Mbit/s or 100 Mbit/s (10/100
BASE-T) connector with automatic MDI/MDIX selection.
F interface for a local PC
One RJ-45 F-interface is provided, at the main board of the 1655 AMU
This interface provides operation access for a locally installed PC, the Craft
Interface Terminal (ITM-CIT)
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Operations interfaces
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USB interface
The 1655 AMU provides two USB 1.1 interfaces labelled USB 1 and USB 2. Each
external USB interface provides upto 500mA at 5V to power external devices. An
overcurrent circuit protects the power outputs in case of short circuits; the
overcurrent condition can be read by the ITM-CIT. The USB controller also
supports 4 internal USB 1.1 ports which are used as control and management
interfaces via the backplane towards the tributary slots. The USB interface is
realized with a USB connector and is only used for internal system communication.
G-LAN interface
The 1655 AMU provides a G LAN interface to connect to the Ethernet port of the
PC (on which the Fast Download Tool is installed) for quick software download.
The G LAN interface supports the automatic MDI/MDIX function, so no crossover
cable is needed.
Miscellaneous Discrete Interfaces
The 1655 AMU provides 4 Miscellaneous Discrete Inputs (MDIs) and 4 outputs
(MDOs). The MDIs can be used to read the status of external alarm points, for
example, power supply detectors, open door detectors or fire alarm detectors. The
MDOs indicate the alarm status of the equipment and drive external signalling
devices. Labels can be associated to an MDI. An MDO can be coupled to an alarm
event.
The 1655 AMU provides 4 Miscellaneous Discrete Inputs (MDIs) and 4 outputs
(MDOs). The MDIs can be used to read the status of external alarm points, for
example, power supply detectors, open door detectors or fire alarm detectors. The
MDOs indicate the alarm status of the equipment and drive external signalling
devices. Labels can be associated to an MDI. An MDO can be coupled to an alarm
event.
Power interfaces
Optionally AC or DC powered
48 V DC to 60 V DC
39 V DC to 72 V DC
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Physical interfaces
Power interfaces
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1655 AMU
Power inputs
Power connector
Applicable standards
AC power supply
Related information
Please also refer to the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU Installation Guide.
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Features
Transmission features
Overview
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Transmission features
Overview
Purpose
This section presents an overview of the transmission related features of the 1655
AMU. For more detailed information on the implementation of the switch function in
the NE please refer to Chapter 2, Product description.
Contents
Cross-connection features
3-9
Transmission protection
3-10
Equipment protection
3-12
Ethernet features
3-12
Auto-negotiation
3-14
3-15
3-16
3-17
Cross-connection features
Cross-connection rates
1655 AMU supports bidirectional cross-connections for VC-12, VC-3, VC-4, and
VC-4-4c transmission. The cross connect matrix is 100% flexible and non blocking.
The main unit supports loopbacks on VC-12, VC-3, VC-4 and VC-4-4c levels.
Transparent DCC cut-through
Features
Transmission features
Cross-connection features
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Upto 40 MS-DCC and 40 RS-DCC terminations per system (4 from both main
units, 8 from each tributary slot); via 2 TDM ports and a separate TDM port for
in-band management channels. Users can access RS-DCC or MS-DCC or both
DCC channels of at most 16 different STM-N interfaces (including line and
tributary).
DCC support on STM-16 optical line interfaces via D1-3. The OSI layer 2 and 3
functionality is supported via the RS-DCC channel of the STM-16 optical line
interface. Each RS-DCC channel can be enabled or disabled individually.
DCC support on STM-16 optical line interfaces via D4-12. The OSI lsyer 2 and 3
functionality is supported via the MS-DCC channel of the STM-16 optical line
interface. Each MS-DCC channel can be enabled or disabled individually.
Transmission protection
Supported protection mechanisms
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Features
Transmission features
Transmission protection
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Transmission features
Equipment protection
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Equipment protection
Supported protection mechanisms
If two units are present in the system an automatic protection switch relation can be set
up by the user. The switching is revertive. This means that the service returns to the
Main board 2 when both boards are working. Manual operation of the protection is
supported and the unprotected operation is possible as well. The traffic interruption
time is less than 50 ms with manual switch commands and less than 50 ms plus the
detection time for automatic protection switches triggered by a failure. The unit that is
not active can be pulled or replaced without causing bit errors in the traffic.
Important! Please note that the CIT, EOW, Q-LAN and MDI/MDO interfaces on
the Main board 2 are not operational.
Equipment protection of the power filter function
If two units are present in the system, both power filter parts are active.
Ethernet features
Switched Ethernet Applications
The TransLAN ESW4_E14 option card can be used in any option card slot for
Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, and Gigabit Ethernet applications.
Please refer to (p. 2-32) for a detailed description of the ESW4_E14 Ethernet option
card.
The X4IP option card can be used for Ethernet and Fast Ethernet applications in the
1655 AMU 2m/4o version (adapter card required).
Ethernet and Fast Ethernet applications
The X8PL option card can be used for Ethernet private line applications in 1655 AMU
2m/4o version (adapter card required).
Please refer to X8PL option card (legacy) (p. 2-48) for a more detailed description of
the X8PL option card.
The EPL4_E132_75 (ASC107) option card can be used for Ethernet private line
applications with the 1655 AMU 2m/4o and 1m/1o versions.
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Transmission features
Ethernet features
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Please refer to (p. 2-26) and (p. 2-29) for a more detailed description of these
option cards.
The EOP4_E132 and EOP4_E132_75 option cards can be used for Ethernet over PDH
applications with the 1655 AMU 2m/4o and 1m/1o versions.
Please refer to EOP4_E132 and EOP4_E132_75 option cards (p. 2-44) for a more
detailed description of these option cards.
Main features of the legacy option cards X4IP and X8PL
The following table lists the main features and differences of the two option cards
X4IP and X8PL which can be used for Ethernet applications:
X4IP
X8PL
4 ports
8 ports
no switch
The following table lists the main features and differences of the option cards
EPL4_E14 and EPL4_E132_75 besides PDH which can be used for Ethernet
applications:
EPL4_E14
EPL4_E132_75
4 ports:
4 ports:
no switch
point-to-point applications
point-to-point applications
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Transmission features
Ethernet features
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EPL4_E14
EPL4_E132_75
The main features of the ESW4_E14 option card are listed below.
4 E1 interfaces, 75/120
Enhanced Flow Classification
Auto-negotiation
Auto-negotiation
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Features
Transmission features
Auto-negotiation
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control that is required to make the link operational. For more information about the
master-slave mode, please refer the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU User
Operations Guide.
To be able to override the Auto-negotiation function, it is possible to disable
Auto-negotiation. This might be needed if Auto-negotiation cannot establish a link or if
a specific link speed / mode is required.
The following option cards support the Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS):
X8PL
EPL4_E14
EPL4_E132_75
ESW4_E14
EOP4_E132
EOP4_E132_75
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Features
Transmission features
Link Pass Through (LPT)
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The Ethernet interfaces can be configured to support Link Pass Through (LPT) mode.
LPT is a mechanism that notifies equipment attached to both ends of an
Ethernet-over-SDH connection that a failure has occurred at some point in the path.
The notification consists of interrupting the Ethernet transmitter of the SDH equipment
at the Ethernet egress point. The downstream equipment, a Lambda Router or an IP
router, observes the absence of the Ethernet input signal and uses it as a fast trigger to
perform its native protection scheme.
Enabling LPT
LPT can only be enabled on point-to-point Ethernet-over-SDH connections that use the
GFP encapsulation mechanism. The remote fail information is transported in-band via
GFP Client Signal Fail frames.
Support for LPT
With the availability of R4.1.2, two different mechanisms of Link Pass Through are
supported:
1. LPT with Restart
This mechanism is the same LPT mechanism as introduced in R3.0 of the 1655
AMU
2. LPT without Restart
This mechanism is added in R4.1.2
Both mechanisms are carried forward to R5.0 and later
LPT with Restart
Provision the same LPT mode on both ends of the Ethernet-over-SDH link.
LPT with Restart is recommended for networks that have already deployed LPT on
1655 AMU before R4.1.2.
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Features
Transmission features
Link Pass Through (LPT)
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LPT without Restart mode is recommended for the following deployment scenarios:
in green-field installations and in cases where manually provisioned IP/MPLS
routers are connected
when interworking with the 1643 AMS, 1645 AMC or 1663 ADMU
EPL4_E14
EPL4_E132
EPL4_E132_75
ESW4_E14
1655 AMU support the following schemes for the mapping of Ethernet packets into
SDH frames:
LAPS encapsulation
GFP encapsulation
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Transmission features
Ethernet mapping schemes
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The 1655 AMU supports virtual concatenation of Lower Order SDH VC-12 as inverse
multiplexing technique to size the bandwidth of a single internal WAN port for
transport of encapsulated Ethernet and Fast Ethernet packets over the SDH/SONET
network. This is noted VC12-Xv, where X = 1...63 when using the X8PL and X =
1{63 per port when using EPL4_E14, EPL4_E132, EPL4_E132_75, and ESW4_E14
option cards. Usage is in conformance with ITU-T G.707 Clause 11 (2000 Edition) and
G.783 Clause 12.5 (2000).
Additionally, the use of G.707 Extended Signal Label is supported using V5 (bits 5-7)
field.
VC3Xv GFP encapsulation
The 1655 AMU supports virtual concatenation of Lower Order SDH VC-3 as inverse
multiplexing technique to size the bandwidth of a single internal WAN port for
transport of encapsulated Ethernet and Fast Ethernet packets over the SDH/SONET
network. This is noted VC3Xv, where X = 1...3 for X8PL and X = 1{9 per port when
using EPL4_E14, EPL4_E132, EPL4_E132_75, and ESW4_E14 option cards. Usage is
in conformance with ITU-T G.707 Clause 11 (2000 Edition) and G.783 Clause 12.5
(2000) and T1X1 T1.105 Clause 7.3.2 (2001 Edition).
VC4Xv GFP encapsulation
The 1655 AMU supports virtual concatenation of Higher Order SDH VC-4 as inverse
multiplexing technique to size the bandwidth of a single internal WAN port for
transport of encapsulated Gigabit Ethernet packets over the SDH network. This is
noted VC4-Xv, where X = 1...7 per port when using EPL4_E14, EPL4_E132_75, and
ESW4_E14 option cards. Usage is in conformance with ITU-T G.707 Clause 11 (2000
Edition) and G.783 Clause 12.5 (2000) and T1X1 T1.105 Clause 7.3.2 (2001 Edition).
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Features
Equipment features
Overview
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Equipment features
Overview
Purpose
This section provides information about 1655 AMU features concerning equipment
inventory and failure reports and Digital Diagnostics Monitoring (DDM) of SFPs.
Contents
Equipment inventory and reports
3-19
3-20
For each installed circuit pack, the 1655 AMU automatically maintains an inventory of
the following information:
Serial number
Functional name
Item code
Interchangeability Marker
Physical identifier
Connector type
Transceiver code
Revision number
Comcode
Compatibility byte
SFP vendor ID
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Equipment features
Equipment inventory and reports
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Module qualifier
Module type
The 1655 AMU checks the presence of Alcatel-Lucent specific SFP modules via the
Alcatel-Lucent compatibilty byte. In case of a mismatch, the system raises an alarm.
Equipment failure reports
Failure reports are generated for equipment faults and can be forwarded via the
ITM-CIT or Lucents Network Management Systems or Lucent NMS interfaces.
This section provides information on 1655 AMU features related to Digital Diagnostics
Monitoring (DDM) of SFPs.
SFP module information
The user can view the performance parameters information of an SFP optical interface
module. This data known as digital diagnostics depends on the manufacturer and
type of SFP module in use.
The digital diagnostics feature provides the following information:
For each parameter, four thresholds are displayed in the same units. A flag appearing
against a parameter indicates deviation from the upper and lower warning and alarm
threshold values specified by the manufacturer of the SFP.
The system does not monitor the SFP parameters and no alarms are raised if the SFP
thresholds deviate from the specified values.
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Features
Equipment features
Digital Diagnostics Monitoring (DDM) of SFPs
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This section provides information about synchronization features, timing protection and
timing interfaces of 1655 AMU .
Contents
Timing features
3-22
3-22
Timing features
Synchronization modes
Several synchronization configurations can be used. 1655 AMU can be provisioned for
the following timing modes:
free-running operation
holdover mode
locked mode
In locked mode, the internal SDH Equipment Clock (SEC) is locked to:
A timing marker or synchronization status message signal can be used to transfer the
signal-quality level throughout a network. This will guarantee that all network elements
are always synchronized to the highest-quality clock that is available.
On 1655 AMU systems, the SSM algorithm or the timing marker is supported
according to ITU-T recommendation G.781 and ETSI recommendation ETS
300-417-6-1. The SSM is supported on all STM-N interfaces.
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1655 AMU provides one external timing input and output per main card for ITU-T
compliant 2048 kHz / 2048 kbit/s timing signals. The timing output is realized as RJ45
connector suitable for symmetrical twisted pair cables with an impedance of 120 or
coaxial cables with an impedance of 75 .
2 Mbit/s tributary retiming
The user can choose whether individual 2 Mbit/s tributary outputs operate in
self-timed or re-synchronized mode. In the (standard) self-timed mode, the phase
of the outgoing signal is a moving average of the phase of the 2 Mbit/s signal because
the signal is embedded in the VC-12 that is disassembled. In the re-synchronized mode
the 2 Mbit/s signal is timed by the SDH Equipment Clock (SEC) of the network
element; frequency differences between the local clock and the 2 Mbit/s signal
embedded in the VC-12 to be disassembled are accommodated by a slip buffer.
There is also the following option: whenever the traceability of the local clock drops
below a certain threshold, the re-timing 2 Mbit/s interfaces automatically switch to
self-timing. When this fail condition disappears, these interfaces return to re-timing.
These changes do not involve any hits in the traffic.
Important! Re-timing should only be applied when the network element which
performs the re-timing and the network element which generated the 2 Mbit/s
signal have traced back their SECs to the same synchronization source. Otherwise a
continuous stream of 2 Mbit/s frame slips or skips will occur at the re-timing point
which is indicated by a FCS threshold crossing alarm.
The user has the option of operating individual 2 Mbit/s outputs in the
re-synchronized mode. In this mode the 2 Mbit/s output signal is timed by the
system clock of the network element.
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3-24
The maintenance procedures of the 1655 AMU systems are built on two levels of
system information and control. The first maintenance tier consists of the LEDs on the
equipment. There are six LEDs on the front of the main board of 1655 AMU : Two are
for unit level indications and four for failure indications related to each individual SFP.
Additionally there are LEDs on option cards and near to the SFPs. The LEDs indicate
basic alarms or basic operation states.
Second maintenance tier
The second maintenance tier employs the Alcatel-Lucent network management system.
Detailed information and system control are obtained by using the ITM-CIT (Craft
Interface Terminal), which supports provisioning, maintenance and configuration on a
local basis. A similar facility (via a Q-LAN connection or via the DCC channels) is
remotely available on the element manager or through Lucents Network Management
Systems or Lucent NMS, which provides a centralized maintenance view and supports
maintenance activities from a central location.
Alcatel-Lucent network management systems
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Features
Fan management
A fan is available for mounting below the 2m/4o version, below the vertically mounted
1m/1o version (1 per shelf) or next to the horizontally mounted 1m/1o version (1 per
shelf). The same fan can be used in all cases. The fan is in-service replaceable,
provided that proper care is taken with the cabling. The fan is powered and managed
via the USB interface on the front of (one of the) Main Units. For more details, refer
the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU User Operations Guide.
Note: When two fans are placed under the 2m/4o version, 2 trib slots and 2 main slots
or 4 trib slots can be cooled effectively.
The presence of USB powered/controlled fans can be established on a remote
management system. Provisioning of fans is not necessary; they are auto-provisioned
after autonomous detection by the AMU hardware. Alarms will be raised if a fan fails
or is removed.
Special mounting brackets
To use the horizontally positioned 1m/1o version in combination with a fan unit, it
must be mounted with a specific mounting bracket that allows sliding in and out of the
fan unit.
Software maintenance
Using web interface to commission the system
The 1655 AMU R5.0 introduces the option to reset a certain unit in the system from a
remote management system, such as CIT or OMS. The reset option provides an
additional approach to fix a problem remotely. This option avoids dispatching a
member of the maintenance staff to physically go to a system and, for instance, pull
and re-seat a pack in order to reset it. Support for two types of reset is available:
Warm Reset: A Warm Reset of a unit resets the controller of the unit without affecting
the transmission path. A warm reset temporarily disables all software based algorithms.
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Features
Cold Reset: A Cold Reset of a unit resets the controller of the unit and rewrites all
registers in the transmission devices under its span of control. This operation affects
transmission. Although, the power to the unit is not interrupted, the Cold Reset is
similar to a reboot due to an interruption of the power, without having to physically
unplug and re-insert a unit from the system.
Verifying the successful execution of reset option
Observe the following guidelines to verify if the reset command is actually executed:
Inspect the alarm log of the system and verify if there are any UNITcINIT alarms
as a consequence of the unit reset action.
Verify the timestamp of the UNITcINIT alarm. The unit might be in the boot state
when the reset command is issued. In that case, a UNITcINIT alarm is already
active for that slot.
Verify the active alarm list just before and after issuing the reset command.
1. If a tributary unit is suspected to hang, then execute a Warm Reset of that unit.
2. If Step 1 does not solve the problem, then execute a Warm Reset of the main
controller.
3. If Step 2 does not help, then execute a Cold Reset of the unit.
Observe UNITcINIT
In this case, the Cold Reset of the same unit will also not help:
1. If you do not observe the UNITcINIT in the alarm log after issuing a Warm Reset
command, then it is likely that the issue you are trying to troubleshoot does not
accept or interpret the reset command by the target.
2. If that is the case, then Cold Reset of the same unit will also not help.
3. Consider physically unplugging and re-inserting the unit.
Before excecuting cold reset command
If the unit is a part of the equipment protection group, execute the forced switch
command to switch all traffic away from the unit targeted for (cold) reset. This
prevents unnecessary traffic loss.
Execute a cold reset command only after switching the traffic away from the unit.
Reset button on 1655 AMU faceplates
Apart from the remote reset commands, the main units of the 1655 AMU have a
RESET button on their faceplates. Pushing this button has the same effect as issuing a
remote Warm Reset command targeted at that unit.
Operation system support
Support for running the ITM-CIT application on the Microsoft Windows Vista
operating system is available.
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Features
The system supports DCN connectivity over P12s signals mapped in a VC12.
30 timeslots (1-15 and 17-32) out of the P12s are used to map the OSI frames
through bit-wise HDLC. TS0 contains a valid (multi-)frameword and CRC-4.
A maximum of eight bi-directional P12s channels can be used for DCN transport.
The DCN-P12s can be contained in a physical E1 signal or mapped in an STM-N
signal when it leaves or enters the system.
The DCN-P12s termination points support LOF, DEG and AIS detection but no
further FM or PM functionality. They are mapped in VC12 containers and injected
into a specific VC4, in the HO-CC of the system.
The VC4 and containing VC12 containers are managed as standard TTPs. From
this point onwards, the VC4 containing the DCN-P12s can be handled as any other
VC4 in the system, including routing to the LO-CC to support VC12 SNC/N.
The system can establish OSI communication with the 1645 AMC using a DCN
connection mapped in a P12s channel.
The system supports full P12s source and sink termination for member signals of a
P12s-Xv concatenated group.
Full TS0, E-bit (REI), A-bit (RDI), and CRC-4 are inserted in accordance with G.704
framing pattern and Sa bits are sourced as zeroes. The payload in TS1 is mapped
through TS31. A P12s_AIS signal is sourced when no payload is present.
The user can provision the monitoring mode of the P12s termination function to
monitored (MON) and non-monitored (NMON) modes. TS0 is terminated and
inspected for AIS or LOF defects. Alarms corresponding to the relevant defects are
raised and AIS is inserted as consequent action. The user can also provision the DEG
alarm thresholds.
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Alarm severities
These alarm severity levels are used in the following description of the ASAP types:
1. Prompt (Urgent alarm that requires immediate (prompt) maintenance action)
2. Deferred (Non-urgent alarm that requires deferred maintenance action)
3. Info (Informational alarm).
Reporting state
Meaning
Reported
Not reported
Please note that changing the alarm reporting state does not affect the display of
currently present and history alarms. Especially, the display of already present alarms
cannot be removed if their reporting state is changed from Reported to Not
Reported.
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4 lanning Network
P
Applications
Overview
Purpose
4-2
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Network topologies
4-4
Linear applications
4-4
4-5
Ring application
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4-7
4-7
4-8
4-9
Hub application
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4-11
4-12
Grooming application
4-12
4-13
GSM/UMTS application
4-14
4-14
4-18
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Synchronous Capacity one through four STM-N optical aggregate interface pairs
that can be equipped with five different STM-1 (S1.1; L1.1; L1.2; STM-1e; SH
1310 and LH 1490 single fiber bidirectional), four different STM-4 (S4.1; L4.1;
L4.2; SH 1310 and LH 1490 single fiber bidirectional) SFPs and single fiber
working SFPs, and four different STM-16 SFPs (l16, S16.1, L16.1, and L16.2) that
can be used for short haul, long haul, and intra-office applications. The cWDM
SFPs can be used for STM-4/STM-16 transmission over 40/80km, 8 wavelength
(channel 11-18). For detailed technical data and optical parameters of the interfaces,
please refer to Technical specifications (p. 2-52).
Note that for single fiber bi-directional SFPs, a set or pair of SFPs with different
wavelengths such as 1310 and 1490 is required. For the 1655 AMU , use the 1310
nm (CC:109559500) and 1490 nm (CC: 109559492) single fiber bi-directional
SFPs.
Additional Capacity:
Switchable four STM-1, two STM-4, and eight STM-1 or only one STM-4
Optional sixteen additional 1.5 Mbit/s signals (only in 2m/4o version with
adapter card)
Optional two 34 Mbit/s signals (only in 2m/4o version with adapter card)
Optional two 45 Mbit/s signals (only in 2m/4o version with adapter card)
Optional eight E/FE interfaces in Private Line mode (only in 2m/4o version
with adapter card)
Additionally, four cages for two STM-1 and two STM-1/STM-1e or STM-4
SFP plugin at the second main board
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Equipment protection: A system equipped with two main cards can either operate in
equipment protection mode, or alternatively, the main card in slot MAIN2 operates
as a tributary card. The latter is easier to manage, but does not provide automatic
switch over in case of equipment failures in the transmission and timing
functionality of the main cards.
The 1655 AMU provides four miscellaneous discrete inputs (MDIs) which can be
used to read external devices assigned by the customer. Examples are monitoring
temperature, humidity, open doors, etc.
The equipment provides four miscellaneous discrete outputs (MDOs) which can be
used to drive external devices assigned by the customer. Examples are signaling
devices, temperature conditioning, etc.
When not assigned by the customer, the 1655 AMU behaves such that MDO 1 has
been assigned to indicate power failure (this contact is normally closed when no
power is present). MDO 2, MDO 3, MDO 4 are respectively assigned to Prompt,
Deferred, Information alarms.
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Network topologies
Overview
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Network topologies
Linear applications
Point-to-point applications without MSP protection
A linear application with MSP protection can be found in the following figure.
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Network topologies
Linear applications
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When cost is a major factor, this application requires a minimum amount of equipment
and fiber. It is well suited for LAN-to-LAN traffic on campus networks or between
business locations requiring cost-effective and reliable communications. Management
requirements of this application are minimal.
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Network topologies
Folded ring application
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Ring application
The STM-1 or STM-4 or STM-16 Ring application illustrated in the figure below is an
example of a simple and inexpensive way of transporting all signals that can be
connected to a 1655 AMU, like E1 and 10/100 BASE-T. The individual nodes can be
managed remotely or locally by either the Lucents Network Management Systems or
Lucent NMS or the Wavestar ITM-CIT.
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Network topologies
Dual-homed ring application
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Network topologies
Linear extension application
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Network topologies
Dual ring closure
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Network topologies
Multiple ring application
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Hub application
The figure below shows an example hub application to concentrate SDH, PDH and
Ethernet traffic. Typically the feeding network elements would be laid out as 1m/1o
hardware version.
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Network topologies
Hub application
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Network topologies
1655 AMU typical 1m/1o application
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Grooming application
The following figure depicts an example VC-12 grooming application.
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Network topologies
IP Tunneling in the DCC channels application
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
dcc
dcc
IP
router
ds NE
Lan
IP
NE
NE
Lan
IP tunnel
ds NE
IP NE
Lan
IP
The figure below shows an application with AnyMedia Access equipments (AAS). The
EMS for AAS realizes the management of the different AAS equipments via the
Q-LAN interfaces and using the DCC channels of the different 1655 AMU.
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Network topologies
GSM/UMTS application
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GSM/UMTS application
The 1655 AMU is an attractive offer in a ring topology for serving GSM/UMTS base
stations.
The figure below illustrates an example of 1655 AMU in a GSM/UMTS application.
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Network topologies
Multi-service application with the TransLAN option board
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Network topologies
Multi-service application with the TransLAN option board
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LAN-ISP interconnect
To increase the efficiency of the bandwidth usage, it is possible to route the Ethernet
traffic of multiple end-users over the same SDH facilities. This feature is called
LAN-VPN and makes use of customer VPN tags, a tagging scheme derived from the
IEEE802.1Q VLAN standard to separate the traffic of the different users. The
following image displays this application.
VLAN trunking
At the ISP premises, the aggregated LAN traffic from multiple customers (i.e. multiple
VLANs) via one single high capacity Ethernet link (Fast Ethernet) to data equipment
in a Central Office or ISP POP such as an IP edge Router, IP Service Switch or ATM
Switch, can be handled by means of the VLAN trunking feature. VLAN trunking is a
possible application of the IEEE 802.1Q or the IEEE 802.1ad VLAN tagging scheme.
Main benefit of the VLAN trunking feature is that TransLAN cards can hand off end
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Network topologies
Multi-service application with the TransLAN option board
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user LAN traffic via one high capacity LAN port instead of multiple low speed LAN
ports, thus reducing port, space and cabling costs. VLAN trunking (p. 4-17) gives an
example of VLAN Trunking.
The TransLAN option board can also be used for DCN engineering purposes. An
important application in this respect is to use the Ethernet interfaces to make a long
distance Q-LAN connection. This solution can replace the current solution that uses
external modems or routers. It is often cheaper and easier to manage if the long
distance Q-LAN connection can be made over the SDH infrastructure (at the cost of
the bandwidth of a few VC-12s). The DCN application of the TransLAN option board
assumes the NMS is collocated with at least one of the NEs equipped with a
TransLAN card (e.g., 1655 AMU, 1663 ADMu. In such a case, one can connect the
Ethernet port of the Lucent NMS to one of the designated 10BASE-T/100BASE-TX
LAN ports and configure the associated WAN port with desired bandwidth (e.g.,
VC-12) to carry the management traffic.
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Network topologies
Multi-service application with the TransLAN option board
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Network topologies
Point-to-point LAN connection
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
The ESW4_E14 option card supports point-to-point LAN connections with Ethernet
switching. This allows statistical multiplexing and as a result, higher bandwidth
efficiency. The 1655 AMU 1m/1o version with ESW4_E14 and EPL4_E14 option
cards presents a very efficient way for full throughput Gigabit Ethernet access at low
costs. The Gigabit Ethernet connection can be transported using 2 STM-4 links and
virtual concatenation and LCAS distributed over both links.
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Overview
Purpose
This chapter presents Alcatel-Lucents quality policy and describes the reliability of the
1655 AMU.
Contents
Quality
5-2
5-2
Ensuring quality
5-3
Conformity statements
5-4
Reliability specifications
5-7
General specifications
5-7
Reliability program
5-8
Reliability specifications
5-8
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Quality
Overview
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Quality
Overview
Purpose
This section describes Alcatel-Lucents commitment to quality and reliability and how
quality is ensured.
Contents
Alcatel-Lucents commitment to quality and reliability
5-2
Ensuring quality
5-3
Conformity statements
5-4
We ensure that our customers view us as an essential partner to their success - today
and tomorrow - by:
Providing the best customer and end-user experience through innovation, teamwork,
supplier partnerships, and continual improvement.
Each stage of the life cycle of 1655 AMU relies on people and processes that
contribute to the highest product quality and reliability possible. The reliability of a
product begins at the earliest planning stage and continues into:
Product architecture
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Quality
Alcatel-Lucents commitment to quality and reliability
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Ensuring quality
This section describes the critical elements that ensure product quality and reliability
within
Product development
Manufacturing
The product development groups strict adherence to the following critical elements
ensures the products reliability
Design standards
Pre-manufacturing
Qualification
Accelerated product testing
Product screening
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Quality
Conformity statements
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Conformity statements
CE conformity
Hereby, Alcatel-Lucent, declares that this 1655 AMU is in compliance with the
essential requirements and other relevant provisions of Directive IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1).
Finnish
Alcatel-Lucent vakuuttaa tten ett 1655 AMU tyyppinen laite on direktiivin IEC
60950-1 (ed. 1) oleellisten vaatimusten ja sit koskevien direktiivin muiden ehtojen
mukainen.
Dutch
Bij deze verklaart Alcatel-Lucent dat deze 1655 AMU voldoet aan de essentile eisen
en aan de overige relevante bepalingen van Richtlijn IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1).
French
Par la prsente, Alcatel-Lucent dclare que ce 1655 AMU est conforme aux exigences
essentielles et aux autres dispositions de la directive IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1) qui lui sont
applicables.
Swedish
Hrmed intygar Alcatel-Lucent att denna 1655 AMU str I verensstmmelse med de
vsentliga egenskapskrav och vriga relevanta bestmmelser som framgr av direktiv
IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1).
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Quality
Conformity statements
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Danish
Hiermit erklrt Alcatel-Lucent die bereinstimmung des Gertes 1655 AMU mit den
grundlegenden Anforderungen und den anderen relevanten Festlegungen der Richtlinie
IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1).
Greek
Con la presente Alcatel-Lucent dichiara che questo 1655 AMU conforme ai requisiti
essenziali ed alle altre disposizioni pertinenti stabilite dalla direttiva IEC 60950-1 (ed.
1).
Spanish
Por medio de la presente Alcatel-Lucent declara que el 1655 AMU cumple con los
requisitos esenciales y cualesquiera otras disposiciones aplicables o exigibles de la
Directiva IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1)
Portuguese
Alcatel-Lucent declara que este 1655 AMU est conforme com os requisitos essenciais
e outras provises da Directiva IEC 60950-1 (ed. 1).
Eco-environmental statements
The statements that follow are the eco-environmental statements that apply to the
Waste from Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) directive.
Packaging collection and recovery requirements
Quality
Conformity statements
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Electronic products bearing or referencing the symbol shown below when put on the
market within the European Union, shall be collected and treated at the end of their
useful life, in compliance with applicable European Union and local legislation. They
shall not be disposed of as part of unsorted municipal waste. Due to materials that may
be contained in the product, such as heavy metals or batteries, the environment and
human health may be negatively impacted as a result of inappropriate disposal.
Note: In the European Union, a solid bar under the crossed-out wheeled bin
indicates that the product was put on the market after 13 August 2005.
Moreover, in compliance with legal requirements and contractual agreements, where
applicable, Alcatel-Lucent will offer to provide for the collection and treatment of
Alcatel-Lucent products at the end of their useful life, or products displaced by
Alcatel-Lucent equipment offers.
For information regarding take-back of equipment by Alcatel-Lucent, or for more
information regarding the requirements for recycling/disposal of product, please contact
your Alcatel-Lucent Account Manager or Alcatel-Lucent Takeback Support at
takeback@alcatel-lucent.com.
Material content compliance
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Reliability specifications
Overview
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Reliability specifications
Overview
Purpose
5-7
Reliability program
5-8
Reliability specifications
5-8
General specifications
This section provides general reliability specifications for 1655 AMU.
Mean time between failures
The mean time between failures (MTBF) for the whole 1655 AMU are described in
1655 AMU circuit-pack fit rates and MTBF values (p. 5-8).
Infant mortality factor
Note: The steady state failure rate is equal to the failure rate of the system.
The number of failures that a product experiences during the first year of service after
turn-up may be greater than the number of subsequent annual steady state failures. This
is the early life or infant mortality period. The ratio of the first year failure rate to the
steady state failure rate is termed the infant mortality factor (IMF).
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Reliability specifications
Reliability program
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Reliability program
Introduction
Reliability is a key ingredient of products life cycle from the earliest planning stage.
Major occurrences at the start of the project involve modeling of system reliability.
During the design and development stage, reliability predictions, qualification and
selection of components, definition of quality assurance standards and prototyping of
critical system areas ensured built-in reliability. Manufacturing and field deployment,
techniques such as pre-manufacturing, qualification, tracking of production quality,
burn-in tests, failure mode analysis and feedback and correction further enhance the
ongoing reliability of the 1655 AMU.
Reliability specifications
Introduction
The 1655 AMU provides various protective switching mechanisms where necessary to
support a high level of service availability.
Reliability and service availability
The following tables gives an overview of the circuit packs fit rates and MTBF values
(calculated according to SR-332 RPP with confidence level of 95%. Therefore, it may
not be comparable to other Alcatel-Lucent Products):
1655 AMU Products
FIT (10-9/h)
MTBF (years)
9500
12
9500
12
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Reliability specifications
Reliability specifications
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FIT (10-9/h)
MTBF (years)
9000
13
146
780
161
708
150
760
4560
25
2660
43
135
846
6000
19
6000
19
5000
23
5740
20
5000
23
6500
18
1655 AMU
6500
18
6500
18
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Reliability specifications
Reliability specifications
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FIT (10-9/h)
MTBF (years)
3900
29
4800
24
3420
33
2700
42
The next table lists the failure rate calculation (FIT) and the MTBF (Mean Time
Between Failures) of the different legacy option cards (calculated according to SR-332
RPP with confidence level of 60% therefore it may not be comparable to other
Alcatel-Lucent Products):
1655 AMU Products
FIT (10-9/h)
MTBF (years)
1170
98
1176
97
1181
97
1813
63
947
121
The next table lists the failure rate calculation (FIT) and the MTBF (Mean Time
Between Failures) of the different SFPs (calculated according to SR-332 RPP with
confidence level of 90% therefore it may not be comparable to other Alcatel-Lucent
Products):
1655 AMU Products
FIT (10-9/h)
MTBF (years)
250
457
250
457
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Reliability specifications
Reliability specifications
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FIT (10-9/h)
MTBF (years)
250
457
250
457
250
457
250
457
250
457
250
457
1655 AMU STM-16 Intra-office optical SFP (V16.1) 1310nm, 2 km (CC: 109509711)
1136
92
1655 AMU STM-16 short haul optical SFP (S16.1) 1310nm, 15 km (CC: 109509729)
1136
92
1655 AMU STM-16 long haul optical SFP (L16.1) 1310nm, 40 km (CC: 109509737)
1136
92
1655 AMU STM-16 long haul optical SFP (L16.2/3) 1550nm, 80 km (CC: 109509745)
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
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Reliability specifications
Reliability specifications
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
FIT (10-9/h)
MTBF (years)
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
1136
92
294
388
780
104
653
104
402
284
450
294
388
294
388
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Product support
6
Overview
Purpose
This chapter provides information about the support for the 1655 AMU.
Contents
Installation services
6-1
Engineering services
6-3
Maintenance services
6-5
Technical support
6-7
Documentation support
6-8
Training support
6-8
Warranty
6-9
Standard repair
6-9
Installation services
This section describes the installation services available to support 1655 AMU.
Alcatel-Lucent offers Installation Services focused on providing the technical support
and resources needed to efficiently and cost-effectively install your network equipment.
Alcatel-Lucents Installation Services provide unparalleled network implementation
expertise to help install your wireline and wireless networks. We use state-of-the-art
tools and technology, and highly skilled technicians to install your equipment and help
to ensure the timely and complete implementation of your network solution. By relying
on our installation experts, we can rapidly build or expand your network, help manage
the complexity of implementing new technologies, reduce operational costs, and help
improve your competitive position by enabling your staff to focus on the core aspects
of your business rather than focusing on infrastructure details.
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Product support
Installation services
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Description
Provides the resources, experience and tools necessary to install the 1655 AMU
product into your network. We assemble, cable and wire, and test the 1655 AMU,
helping to ensure it is fully functioning as engineered and specified.
Site supplemental installation
Rapidly expand your network by turning hardware into working systems, with
the capability to deploy multiple networks in parallel rollouts
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Product support
Installation services
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Reference
Engineering services
This section describes the engineering services available to support 1655 AMU.
Alcatel-Lucent Worldwide Services offers Engineering Services focused on providing
the technical support and resources needed to efficiently and cost-effectively engineer
your network equipment. We provide the best, most economical equipment solution by
ensuring your network equipment is configured correctly, works as specified, and is
ready for installation upon delivery. With our proven, end-to-end solutions and
experienced network engineering staff, Alcatel-Lucent Worldwide Services is the ideal
partner to help service providers engineer and implement the technology that supports
their business.
Description
A Site Survey may be required to collect your site requirements needed for proper
equipment engineering. If adequate site requirements and records are not available up
front, a site survey would be performed to collect information required for
configuration of the equipment and integration of the equipment into the site.
Basic equipment engineering
Ensures that the correct footprint hardware is ordered and that the ordered equipment is
configured for optimal performance in the network for the customer. Alcatel-Lucent
Engineering configures equipment requirements based on inputs from the customer
order, completed questionnaires, and/or site survey data. The decisions as to specific
equipment needs are based on each components functionality and capacity, and the
application of engineering rules associated with each component.
Site engineering
Ensures that the correct site material is ordered and that the optimal equipment layout
for the installation of the ordered equipment in the customers site is determined. Site
Engineering will be used in assisting the customer with determining the necessary site
conditions, layout and equipment required to properly install/integrate the footprint
hardware components into a specific location.
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Product support
Engineering services
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Site records
Site Records Service provides detailed record keeping which accurately documents the
physical placement and configuration of specified customer equipment. Depending on
the customer request, this can involve the initial creation of site records, updating of
existing records, or ongoing maintenance of the customers records.
Benefits
Rapidly expand your network by turning products into working systems, with
the capability to deploy multiple networks in parallel rollouts
Reduce costs by determining the most cost-effective network configuration and
optimal use of office space when planning and providing an equipment solution
Maintain and track vital office records keep track of equipment locations and
connections.
Reference
6-4
Product support
Maintenance services
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Maintenance services
This section describes the maintenance services available to support 1655 AMU.
Description
RTS provides remote technical support and Software Patches and Software Updates, as
available, for deployed Alcatel-Lucent network elements to help cost-effectively
maximize network availability and performance. With this service, system engineers
deliver remote support via phone or modem connection for rapid response, diagnosis,
and resolution of system outages and issues.
Support from our expert remote system engineers will:
help identify and apply available Software Patches and Software Updates on
Covered Products.
Service Options
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Product support
Maintenance services
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OTS provides cost-effective support for Alcatel-Lucent products including systems that
incorporate select third-party equipment.
RES provides rapid replacement or repair of your defective hardware, eliminating the
need for you to purchase and maintain a costly spares inventory. These services can
dramatically reduce investment capital and recurring operating expenses while helping
to assure maximum network availability. RES offers
Contact
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Product support
Technical support
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Technical support
This section describes the technical support available for 1655 AMU.
Services
1655 AMU are complemented by a full range of services available to support planning,
maintaining, and operating your system. Applications testing, network integration, and
upgrade/conversion support is also available.
Technical support groups
LCS/RCS personnel troubleshoot field problems 24 hours a day over the phone and on
site (if necessary) based on Alcatel-Lucent Service Contracts:
for Europe, Africa, Asia and the
pacific region (EMEA and
APAC)
For technical assistance, call your Local/Regional Customer Support Team. If the
request cannot be solved by LCS/RCS, it will be escalated to the central Technical
Support Service (TSS) team in Hilversum, Netherlands.
Technical support service
A global online trouble tracking system is used by all support teams to track customer
assistance requests. The system communicates details about product bulletins,
troubleshooting procedures, and other critical information to customers. All details of a
request are entered into this database until closure. For online access to your trouble
tickets via the web please contact your local support team or check the following
website: (https://support.lucent.com/support)
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Product support
Technical support
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Reference
For additional information about technical support, please contact your Account
Executive for 1655 AMU or your Alcatel-Lucent local Customer Team.
Documentation support
Alcatel-Lucent provides comprehensive product documentation tailored to the needs of
the different audiences. An overview of the documentation set can be found at Related
documentation (p. xviii).
Customer comment
Training support
To complement your product needs, the Alcatel-Lucent Learning organization offers a
formal training package, with the single training courses scheduled regularly at
Alcatel-Lucent corporate training centers or to be arranged as on-site trainings at your
facility.
Registering for a course or arranging an on-site training
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Product support
Training support
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Warranty
Introduction
Warranty, support, and trouble escalation procedures have been established on a per
country basis. Contact your Alcatel-Lucent account representative for details.
Discontinued Availability
Alcatel-Lucent reserves the right to notify the customer in advance of the intention to
Discontinue the Availability (DA) of a product. Alcatel-Lucent also reserves the right
to offer a Technical Support Contract (TSC) to make repair and technical support
services available for an additional period of time after a product has been
discontinued. All TSC services will be at a specified price dependent on the terms and
conditions of the contract.
The rights and obligations of Alcatel-Lucent and the customer shall neither be assigned
nor delegated without prior written consent of the other party, except that
Alcatel-Lucent may assign its obligations to any of its affiliates or non-Alcatel-Lucent
contractors without further consent by the customer.
Standard repair
Introduction
Alcatel-Lucent repair locations set their own standards for return intervals. On average,
the minimum time to return repairs to the customer is 14 days from the receipt of the
product by the repair location. The maximum time to return repairs to the customer can
range from 50 to 180 days.
Out-of-Warranty provisions
For any activity associated with repair or replacement of hardware and/or software
systems that is determined by Alcatel-Lucent to be out of warranty, materials and labor
will be billed at Alcatel-Lucent list price (time-and-materials plus additional incurred
expenses), or in accordance with a separate Technical Support Contract.
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Product support
Standard repair
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Value of material
When the material arrives at the Service Center, it is entered into the Repair, Service,
and Return database for tracking purposes.
The repair location will repair the material. If it is determined that an item is not
repairable and the item is under factory warranty, a replacement will be sent. If the
item is out of factory warranty, the customer will advise their Country Desk
Representative if they would like to order a replacement.
The Service Center will prepare the paperwork for exporting the material, and ship the
material to the customer. When available, the Service Center will fax the shipping
information to the customer or the customers in-country representative.
Upon receipt of the material, the customer or the customers in-country representative
should send the Service Center the order numbers of the material received and the date
the material was received. The Service Center will then close the order on the Repair,
Service, and Return database.
Important! Please note that Alcatel-Lucent warranty is contingent upon the use of
Alcatel-Lucent specified SFPs for 1655 AMU. Use of other SFPs is not approved
by Alcatel-Lucent and is fully at the customers own risk. Any warranty obligation
of Alcatel-Lucent is extinguished when non-Alcatel-Lucent specified SFPs are used.
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Ordering
7
Overview
Purpose
This chapter provides an overview of the ordering process and the current ordering
information for 1655 AMU.
The different comcodes listed hereafter can change. Contact your Alcatel-Lucent
representative for updated information.
Contents
Ordering information
7-1
Ordering information
1655 AMU has been carefully engineered and all equipment kitted to simplify the
ordering process. In this section the current ordering information are shown, as
available on the issue date of this document.
Contact and further information
For all questions concerning ordering of 1655 AMU, for any information about the
marketable items and their comcodes, and for ordering the equipment please contact
your Account Executive for 1655 AMU or your Alcatel-Lucent local customer team.
Orderable 1655 AMU products
The tables below list the comcodes of the 1655 AMU Products. Software needs to be
ordered together with the network element. To get the ordering information for
available software versions, please contact your local customer team.
The following table is intended to give an overview of the orderable 1655 AMU
products. For installation guidelines, please refer the 1655 AMU Installation Guide.
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Ordering
Ordering information
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Apparatus
code
Comcode
Comments
ASC110
ASC101B
ASH101
ASH102
ASC103
408905057 -
ASC102
ASC104
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Ordering
Ordering information
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Apparatus
code
Comcode
ASC105
ASC106
ASC107
ASC108
ASC109
ASC111
1655 AMU
ASC112
ASC113
ASC114
ASH111
1655 AMU
EOP4_E132_75 (75) option card
Comments
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Ordering
Ordering information
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Apparatus
code
Comcode
Comments
ASH112
ASF101
ASF102
ASX001B
ASX002B
ASX005B
ASX006B
ASX007B
ASX008
ASX009
ASH104
ASX004
ASX003
The table below lists the comcodes of the 1655 AMU option cards.
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Ordering information
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Apparatus code
Comcodes
X8PL
109480707
X4IP
108865064
X2E3-V2
108756107
X2DS3-V2
108756099
X16DS1
108756081
Comcodes
109671438
109509729
109509711
109671446
109509737
109509745
1655 AMU STM-4/16 SFP, Short Haul, 8 channel CWDM - SH 40 km 1550 nm, color 1
109620385
1655 AMU STM-4/16 SFP, Short Haul, 8 channel CWDM - SH 40 km 1550 nm, color 2
109620393
1655 AMU STM-4/16 SFP, Short Haul, 8 channel CWDM - SH 40 km 1550 nm, color 3
109620401
1655 AMU STM-4/16 SFP, Short Haul, 8 channel CWDM - SH 40 km 1550 nm, color 4
109620419
1655 AMU STM-4/16 SFP, Short Haul, 8 channel CWDM - SH 40 km 1550 nm, color 5
109620427
1655 AMU STM-4/16 SFP, Short Haul, 8 channel CWDM - SH 40 km 1550 nm, color 6
109620435
1655 AMU STM-4/16 SFP, Short Haul, 8 channel CWDM - SH 40 km 1550 nm, color 7
109620443
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Comcodes
1655 AMU STM-4/16 SFP, Short Haul, 8 channel CWDM - SH 40 km 1550 nm, color 8
109620450
109620468
109620476
109620484
109620492
109620500
1655 AMU STM-16 Long Haul, 8 channel CWDM - LH 80km 1550nm, color 6
109620518
1655 AMU STM-16 Long Haul, 8 channel CWDM - LH 80km 1550nm, color 7
109620526
109620534
109469809
109469825
109469817
109509687
109509695
109509703
109543561
109559492
109559500
109526483
109526491
109534347
109643759
109606657
109606665
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Ordering information
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Recommended cables
Please refer to the 1655 Access Multiplexer Universal AMU Installation Guide.
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Overview
Purpose
Purpose of SDH
The basic purpose of SDH is to provide a standard synchronous optical hierarchy with
sufficient flexibility to accommodate digital signals that currently exist in todays
network, as well as those planned for the future.
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An SDH overview
Overview
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
SDH currently defines standard rates and formats and optical interfaces. Today,
mid-span meet is possible at the optical transmission level. These and other related
issues continue to evolve through the ITU-T committees.
ITU-T addressed issues
Optical parameters
Multiplexing schemes to map existing digital signals (PDH) into SDH payload
signals
References
Contents
SDH signal hierarchy
A-3
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Overview
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
A-4
A-7
A-9
SDH interface
A-10
A-11
A-11
A-12
The SDH signal hierarchy is based on a basic building block frame called the
Synchronous Transport Module 1 (STM-1), as shown in SDH STM-1 frame (p. A-4).
The STM-1 frame has a rate of 8000 frames per second and a duration of 125
microseconds
The STM-1 frame consists of 270 columns and 9 rows.
Each cell in the matrix represents an 8-bit byte.
Transmitting signals
The bit rates of the higher order hierarchy levels are integer multiples of the STM-1
transmission rate.
SDH STM-1 frame
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The first nine bytes of each row with exception of the fourth row are part of the SOH
(Section OverHead). The first nine byte of the fourth row contain the AU pointer (AU
= Administrative Unit).
STM-1 payload
Columns 10 through 270 (the remainder of the frame), are reserved for payload
signals.
SDH divides its processing functions into the following three path and line sections:
Regenerator section
Multiplex section
Path
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Equipment layers
The following table lists and defines each SDH equipment path and line section.
Path and line
sections
Definition
Regenerator section
Multiplex section
Path
Path, MS and RS
The following figure illustrates the equipment path, multiplex sections and regenerator
sections in a signal path.
Overhead bytes
The following table lists and defines the overhead associated with each SDH path and
line section.
Overhead byte
section
Definition
Regenerator section
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Overhead byte
section
Definition
Multiplex section
Path
SDH frame
The following figure illustrates the SDH frame sections and its set of overhead bytes.
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Regenerator Section
Multiplex Section
Path
Section overhead
The following table identifies the location and function of each regenerator section
overhead byte.
Bytes
Function
A1, A2
B1
B2
Z0
Spare bytes
D1 - D3 (=
DCCR) D4 D12 (= DCC M)
E1
Orderwire channel
E2
Orderwire channel
F1
User channel
K1, K2
K2
MS-AIS/RDI indicator
S1
M1
NU
National Usage
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Path overhead
The Path Overhead (POH) is generated for all plesiochronous tributary signals in
accordance with ITU-T Rec. G.709. The POH provides for integrity of communication
between the point of assembly of a Virtual Container VC and its point of disassembly.
The following table shows the POH bytes and their functions.
Byte
J1
B3
C2
Signal Label
All 0 means unequipped; other and 00000001 means equipped
G1
Path Status
Conveys the STM-1 path terminating status, performance, and remote
defect indication (RDI) signal conditions back to an originating path
terminating equipment.
F2, F3
H4
Multiframe Indicator
Provides a general multiframe indicator for VC-structured payloads.
K3
VC Trail protection.
N1
Tandem connection OH
AU pointer
The AU pointer together with the last 261 columns of the STM-1 frame forms an AUG
(Administrative Unit Group). An AUG may contain one AU-4 or three
byte-multiplexed AU-3s (an AU-3 is exactly one third of the size of an AU-4). AU-3s
are also compatible with the SONET standard (Synchronous Optical NETwork) which
is the predecessor of SDH (and still the prevailing technology within the USA). Three
byte-multiplexed STS frames (SONET frame), each containing one AU-3 can be
mapped into one STM-1.
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The following figure illustrates the SDH technique of mapping tributary signals into
the STM frames.
1
C-4-256C
VC-4-256C
AU-4-256C
C-4-64C
VC-4-64C
AU-4-64C
C-4-16C
VC-4-16C
AU-4-16C
VC-4-4C
AU-4-4C
C-4-4C
VC-4
1
VC-3
TU-3
TUG-3
C-3
VC-2
TU-2
TU-12
STM-64
STM-16
STM-4
STM-1
AU-3
STM-0
TUG-2
VC-12
AUG-16
AUG-4
AUG-1
AU-4
AUG-64
STM-256
3
VC-3
C-12
C-4
C-2
AUG-256
Pointer processing
Multiplexing
Aligning
Mapping
C-11
VC-11
TU-11
Tributary signals are mapped into a digital signal called a virtual container (VC). The
VC is a structure designed for the transport and switching of STM payloads. There are
various sizes of VCs: VC-11, VC-12, VC-2, VC-3, VC-4, VC-4-4C, VC-4-16C,
VC-4-64C and VC-4-256C.
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The following table shows the mapping possibilities of some digital signals into SDH
payloads.
Input tributary
Voice Channels
Rate
Mapped Into
1.5 Mbit/s
24
1.544 Mbit/s
VC-11
2 Mbit/s
32
2.048 Mbit/s
VC-12
6 Mbit/s
96
6.312 Mbit/s
VC-2
34 Mbit/s
672
34.368 Mbit/s
VC-3
45 Mbit/s
672
44.736 Mbit/s
VC-3
140 Mbit/s
2016
139.264 Mbit/s
VC-4
SDH interface
The SDH interface provides the optical mid-span meet between SDH network
elements. An SDH network element is the hardware and software that affects the
termination or repeating of an SDH standard signal.
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The following describes the process for multiplexing a 2-Mbit/s signal. The SDH
digital multiplexing (p. A-9) illustrates the multiplexing process.
...................................................................................................................................................................................................
Three TU-2 are then multiplexed into a Tributary Unit Group TUG-2.
The AU-4 is mapped into an AUG which is then mapped into an STM-1 frame.
...................................................................................................................................................................................................
After VCs are multiplexed into the STM-1 payload, the section overhead is added.
...................................................................................................................................................................................................
The following describes the process for demultiplexing an STM-1 signal to a 2 Mbit/s
signal. The SDH digital multiplexing (p. A-9) illustrates the demultiplexing process.
...................................................................................................................................................................................................
The unscrambled STM-1 signal from the optical conversion stages is processed to
extract the path overhead and accurately locate the payload.
...................................................................................................................................................................................................
The STM-1 path overhead is processed to locate the VCs. The individual VCs are then
processed to extract VC overhead and, via the VC pointer, accurately locate the
2-Mbit/s signal.
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Key points
SDH STM pointers are used to locate the payload relative to the transport overhead.
Remember the following key points about signal demultiplexing:
A STM-N signal can only be multiplexed out of N STM-1 frames with their first A1
byte at the same position (i.e. the first A1 byte arriving at the same time).
STM-N frames are built through byte-multiplexing of N STM-1 signals. Not all bytes
of the multiplexed SOH (size = N x SOH of STM-1) are relevant in an STM-4/16.
For example there is only one B1 byte in an STM-4/16 frame which is computed the
same way as for an STM-1. Generally the SOH of the first STM-1 inside the STM-N
is used for SOH bytes that are needed only once. The valid bytes are given in ITU-T
G.707.
Designation
Capacity
STM-1
155.520
1 AU-4 or 3 AU-3
STM-4
622.080
4 AU-4 or 12 AU-3
STM-16
2488.320
16 AU-4 or 48 AU-3
STM-64
9953.280
STM-256
39813.120
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
AC
Alternating Current
ACU
Alarm Collection Unit. Radio Relay circuit pack that collects of equipment alarms,
analogue measurements from internal monitoring points and calculation data.
ADM
Add-Drop Multiplexer
Administrative Unit (AU)
Indicates the phase alignment of the VC-n with respect to the STM-N frame. The pointer
position is fixed with respect to the STM-N frame.
Administrator
Performs operations on managed objects and issues events on behalf of these managed
objects. All SDH managed objects will support at least one agent. Control of distant
agents is possible via local Managers.
Alarm
Code transmitted downstream in a digital Network that shows that an upstream failure
has been detected and also alarmed if the upstream alarm has not been suppressed. Also
called to as All OneS.
Alarm Severity
An attribute that defines the priority of the alarm message. The way in which alarms are
processed depends on the severity.
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Aligning
A line code that employs a ternary signal to convert binary digits. In this line code
successive binary ones are represented by signal elements that are normally of
alternately positive and negative polarity but are equal in amplitude, binary zeros are
represented by signal elements that have zero amplitude.
American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)
A standard 8-bit code that is used to exchange information among data processing
systems and associated equipment.
Anomaly
Gathering together of payload data with overhead and pointer information (an indication
of the direction of the signal).
Association
A logical connection between manager and agent through which management information
can be exchanged.
Asynchronous
See Non-synchronous.
ATC
Administrative Unit
AU4AD
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AUG
Reduces the power output from the transmitter during normal propagation conditions and
increases the power output to maximum during fading periods to try to maintain the
nominal level of receiver input.
Autonomous Message
A message transmitted from the controlled network element to the Lucent NMS that was
not a response to a command that originated in the Lucent NMS.
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
B3ZS
Board Controller
BCC
BINary
BISDN
Build-Out Lightguide
Board Controller Local Area Network (BC-LAN)
The internal local area network that provides communications between the Line
Controller circuit pack and board controllers on the circuit packs that are associated with
a high-speed line.
Branching
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Broadband Communication
CAS
Cross-Connection, Cross-Connect
CCIR
See ITU-R.
CCITT
See ITU-T.
CCS
A provisionable mode for the 34 and 140 Mbit/s tributary outputs that causes parity
violations not to be monitored or corrected before the 34 and 140 Mbit/s outputs are
encoded.
Client
Computer in a computer network that generally offers a user interface to a server. See
also Server.
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
CMI
Central Office
Co-resident
A procedure whereby a multiplicity of Virtual Containers are associated with each other
with the result that their combined capacity can be used as a single container across
which bit-sequence integrity is maintained.
Configuration Management (CM)
Subsystem of the Lucent NMS that, among other things, configures the network and
processes messages from the network.
CONN PCB
Circuit Pack
Craft Interface Terminal (CIT)
Connection map for an SDH network element; contains information about how signals
are connected between high speed time slots and low speed tributaries. See also Squelch
Map.
CTP
DACScan-T
The embedded overhead communication channel in the SDH line. The DCC is used for
end-to-end communication and maintenance. It carries alarm, control, and status
information between network elements in an SDH network.
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Provides the signal conversion and coding between the data terminating equipment and
the line. The DCE may be separate equipment or a part of the data terminating
equipment.
Data Terminating Equipment (DTE)
A user who administers the database of the Lucent NMS. See also User Privilege.
DC
Direct Current
DCF
The original values are preprogrammed at the factory. These values can be overridden
using local or remote provisioning.
Defect
Degraded signal
Demultiplexing
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Digital Section
A transmission span such as an STM-N or 565 Mbit/s signal. A digital section may
contain multiple digital channels.
Directory-Service Network Element (DSNE)
A designated network element that is responsible for administering a database that maps
network element names (node names) to addresses (node Id). There can be one DSNE
per (sub)network.
Disassembly
Splitting up of a signal into its constituents as payload data and overhead (an indication
of the direction of a signal).
Domain
The domain of a Lucent NMS is the set of all SDH network elements that are controlled
by it.
Downstream
At or towards the destination of the considered transmission stream, i.e. in the direction
of transmission.
DPS
Dual-Ring Interworking
DS-n
Dual-Tone Multi-Frequency
Dual Homing
An STM-1/STM-4 ring with AM-1 Plus equipment can be dual homed on a ring
consisting of 1655 AMU or 1663 ADMu. STM-16 rings can also be dual homed with the
1655 AMU.
Dual-Node Interworking
Dual Node Interworking (DNI) is a configuration of two ring networks that share two
common nodes. DNI allows a circuit with one termination in one ring and one
termination in another ring to survive a loss-of-signal failure of the shared node that is
currently carrying service for the circuit.
DUS
Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
EC-n
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EMI
ElectroMagnetic Interference
EONB
End System
ESD
ElectroStatic Discharge
ESPG
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Event
Subsystem of the Lucent NMS that processes and logs network event reports.
Externally Timed
Unprotected traffic that is carried over the protection channels when that capacity is not
used for the protection of service traffic.
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
An indication returned to the transmitting node that an errored block has been detected
at the receiving node. A block is a specified grouping of bits.
Far End Receive Failure (FERF)
An operating condition of a network element in which its local oscillator is not locked
to any synchronization reference and uses no storage techniques to sustain its accuracy.
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
GARP
Passes information between other network elements and management systems via a Data
Communications Network.
Gbit/s
Location of the Lucent NMS server. The geographic location is entered as part of the
installation procedure of an NMS.
Geographic Redundancy (GR)
The time to wait before switching back to the timing reference occurs after a timing link
failure has cleared. This time applies for all timing sources in a system hence the name
global. This can be between 0 and 60 minutes, in increments of one minute.
GNE
Gateway network element - A network element that passes information between other
network elements and operations systems via a data communications network.
GUI
HE
Host Exchange
High Density Bipolar 3 code (HDB3)
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Function that adapts a lower order Virtual Container to a higher order Virtual Container
by processing the Tributary Unit pointer which indicates the phase of the lower order
Virtual Container Path Overhead relative to the higher order Virtual-Container Path
Overhead, and assembling/disassembling the complete higher order Virtual Container.
Higher order Path Connection (HPC)
Function that provides for flexible assignment of higher order Virtual Containers within
an STM-N signal.
Higher order Path Termination (HPT)
Function that terminates a higher order path by generating and adding the appropriate
Virtual-Container Path Overhead to the relevant container at the path source and
removing the Virtual-Container Path Overhead and reading it at the path sink.
HMI
High Order
Holdover
High Speed
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
I/O
Input/Output
ICB
Interconnection Box
ICP
InterConnection Panel
IEC
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
IF
Intermediate Frequency
IFT
InterFace Terminal
Integrated Transport Management Craft Interface Terminal (ITM-CIT)
Local manager for SDH network elements in a subnetwork. Also called the to as Craft
Interface Terminal.
Intermediate System (IS)
In-Service
IS-IS Routing
The network elements in a management network, route packets (data) between each other
using an IS-IS level protocol. The size of a network that is running IS-IS Level 1 is
limited, and therefore certain mechanisms are employed to facilitate the management of
larger networks. For STATIC ROUTING, it is possible to disable the protocol over the
LAN connections and thereby effectively cause the management network to be
partitioned into separate IS-IS Level 1 areas. In order for the NMS to communicate with
a specific network element in one of these areas, the NMS must identify the Gateway
network element through which this specific network element is connected to the LAN.
All packets to this specific network element are routed directly to the Gateway network
element by the NMS, before being re-routed (if necessary) within the Level 1 area. For
DYNAMIC ROUTING an IS-IS Level 2 routing protocol is used that allows a number of
Level 1 areas to interwork. The network elements that connect an IS-IS area to another
area are set to run the IS-IS Level 2 protocol within the network element and on the
connection to other network elements. Packets can now be routed between IS-IS areas
and the NMS does not have to identify the Gateway network elements.
ISDN
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
ITU-T
Jitter
Short term variations of amplitude and frequency components of a digital signal from
their ideal position in time.
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
LAN
Line Build Out - An optical attenuator that guarantees the proper signal level and shape
at the receiver input.
LCAS
Low Frequency
LH
Long Haul
License key
An encrypted code that is required to enable the use of specific modules in the NMS.
Valid license keys can be obtained from your provider.
Line
Transmission line; refers to a transmission medium, together with the associated high
speed equipment, that are required transport information between two consecutive
network elements, one of which originates the line signal and the other terminates the
line signal.
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
An optical attenuator that guarantees the proper signal level and shape at the receiver
input.
Link Pass Through (LPT)
The LPT mode is used to enable or improve network protection schemes on equipment
which is external to TransLAN systems.
LNC
Low Order
LOF
Loss Of Frame
LOM
Loss Of Multiframe
Loop Timing
A timing mode in which the terminal derives its transmit timing from the received line
signal.
LOP
Loss Of Pointer
LOS
Loss Of Signal
Lower order Path Adaptation (LPA)
Function that adapts a PDH signal to a synchronous network by mapping the signal into
or de-mapping the signal out of a synchronous container.
Lower order Path Connection (LPC)
Function that provides for flexible assignment of lower order VCs in a higher order VC.
Lower order Path Termination (LPT)
Function that terminates a lower order path by generating and adding the appropriate VC
POH to the relevant container at the path source and removing the VC POH and reading
it at the path sink.
LPU
Line Receiver
LS
Low Speed
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Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
LTA
Line Transmitter
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
MAF
The Management Information Base is the database in the node. The MIB contains the
configuration data of the node. A copy of each MIB is available in the EMS and is
called the MIB image. Under normal circumstances, the MIB and MIB image of one
node are synchronized.
Manager
Capable of issuing network management operations and receiving events. The Manager
communicates with the Agent in the controlled network element.
Manufacturer Executable Code (MEC)
Network element system software in binary format that is downloaded to one of the
stores can be executed by the system controller of the network element.
Mapping
Gathering together of payload data with overhead, i.e. packing the PDH signal into a
Virtual Container.
MDI
Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Function that provides facilities for the transport and routing of Telecommunications
Management Network messages to and from the Network Manager.
MF
Mediation Function
MFS
The capability to interface between two lightwave network elements of different vendors.
This applies to high speed optical interfaces.
MLAN
MultiLAN
MMI
Managed Object
Motif
Multiplexer Section
MSOH
Multiplex Section Overhead. Part of the SOH (Section Overhead). Is accessible only at
line terminals and multiplexers.
MSP
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MTTR
Part of the Section Overhead. Is accessible only at line terminals and multiplexers.
Multiplexer Section Protection (MSP)
Function that generates the Multiplexer Section Overhead in the transmit direction and
terminates the Multiplexer Section Overhead in the receive direction.
Multiplexer Timing Source (MTS)
Function that provides the timing reference to the relevant component parts of the
multiplex equipment and represents the SDH network element clock.
Multiplexing
A procedure by which multiple lower order path layer signals are adapted into a higher
order path, or by which the multiple higher order path layer signals are adapted into a
multiplex section.
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
NE
The functionality, database size and processing power that are required from the NMS
are different for each type of network element that is supported. Therefore each type
represents a certain amount of Network Element Equivalent.
Network Mediation Unit (NMU)
Collects fault and alarm events from transmission equipment. The NMS can forward
alarms to the NMU. The NMU can forward alarms to an Operations System.
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An end system address of the System Controller according to ISO 8348 AD2. The
format is ISO_DCC_LUCENT, which has the following structure:
NMC
A node or network element is defined as all equipment that is controlled by one system
controller.
Node
Defined as all equipment that is controlled by one system controller. A node can not
always be directly managed by a management system. See also network element.
NOMC
In non-revertive switching, there is an active and standby high-speed line, circuit pack,
etc. When a protection switch occurs, the standby line, circuit pack, etc., is selected
causing the old standby line, circuit pack, etc., to be used for the new active line, circuit
pack, etc. The original active line, circuit pack, etc., becomes the standby line, circuit
pack, etc. This status remains in effect when the fault clears. Therefore, this protection
scheme is non-revertive in that there is no switch back to the original status in effect
before the fault occurred.
Non-revertive switching
In non-revertive switching there is an active and a standby high speed line, circuit pack,
etc. When a protection switch occurs, the standby line, circuit pack, etc. is selected
which causes the old standby line, circuit pack, etc, to be used for the new active line,
circuit pack, etc. The original active line, circuit pack, etc. becomes the standby line,
circuit pack, etc. This status remains in effect when the faults clears. Therefore, this
protection scheme is non-revertive in that there is no switch back to the original status
that was in effect before the fault occurred.
Non-synchronous
The essential characteristic of timescales or signals such that their significant instants do
not necessarily occur at the same average rate.
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The Not Protected Domain for the NMS contains all the network elements that are
managed by that NMS and are not currently protected by another NMS. If the NMS
fails, the network elements in this domain are not managed by any NMS. See also
Geographic Redundancy.
NPI
Non-Return to Zero
NSA
Non-Service Affecting
NTU
Non-Volatile Memory
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OA
Optical Amplifier
OAM&P
Optical Interface
OMU
Out Of Frame
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OOS
Out Of Service
Operations System (OS)
The Operations System is the system that provides operations, administration and
maintenance functions.
Operator
A user of the NMS application with Operator privileges. See also User Privilege.
Optical Line System (OLS)
A high-capacity lightwave system that is designed to multiplex eight optical signals with
different wavelengths into one combined signal through an optical fiber. There is a
difference of 1.5 micrometer in wavelength between two multiplexed signals.
OS
PABX
A small circuit board used in a 5ESS exchange for protection switching and optical to
electrical conversion of the PCT-link.
Path
A logical connection between one termination point at which a standard format for a
signal at the given rate is assembled and from which the signal is transmitted, and
another termination point at which the received standard frame format for the signal is
disassembled.
Path AIS
Path Alarm Indication Signal - A path-level code that is sent downstream in a digital
network as an indication that an upstream failure has been detected and alarmed.
Path Overhead (POH)
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Personal Computer
PCB
Connection between two NMSs with Geographic Redundancy. The link is used to
co-ordinate the management of a network element. See also Geographic Redundancy.
Performance Monitoring (PM)
Measures the quality of service and identifies degrading or marginally operating systems
(before an alarm is generated).
PI
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PM
An indicator whose value defines the frame offset of a virtual container with respect to
the frame reference of the transport entity on which the Virtual Container is supported.
POTS
Pointer Processing
PPC
NMS that is usually managing a network element. If the primary NMS fails,
management of the network element is passed over to the secondary NMS. A network
element should be provisioned normally on the primary NMS and then be configured for
use on the secondary NMS. See also Geographic Redundancy.
Primary Reference Clock (PRC)
The protected domain for an NMS contains all the network elements for which this
manager is the primary NMS and which are protected by another secondary NMS. See
also Geographic Redundancy.
Protecting Domain
The protecting domain for an NMS contains all the network elements for which this
manager is the secondary NMS. See also Geographic Redundancy.
Protection
Extra capacity (channels, circuit packs) in transmission equipment that is not intended to
be used for service, but rather to serve as backup against equipment failures.
Provisioning
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PSF
Packet-Switched Network
PSTN
Port VLAN ID
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Q-LAN
Thin Ethernet LAN (10BaseT) that connects the manager to gateway network elements
so that management information can be exchanged between network elements and
management systems.
QAF
Quality Of Service
Quality Level (QL)
The quality of the timing signal(s) that are provided to clock a network element. The
level is provided by the Synchronization Status Marker which can accompany the timing
signal. If the System and Output Timing Quality Level mode is Enabled, and if the
signal selected for the Station-Clock Output has a quality level below the Acceptance
Quality Level, the network element squelches the Station-Clock Output Signal, which
means that no signal is forwarded at all. Possible levels are: - PRC (Primary Reference
Clock) - SSU_T (Synchronization Supply Unit - Transit) - SSU_L (Synchronization
Supply Unit - Local) - SEC (SDH Equipment Clock) - DUS (Do not Use for
Synchronization).
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RA
Regenerator Application
Radio Protection Switching system (RPS)
The main function of the RPS is to handle the automatic and manual switching from a
main channel to a common protection channel in an N+1 system.
Radio Relay (RR)
Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
RDDU
Remote Defect Indicator. Previously known as Far End Receive Failure (FERF).
RDI
Regenerator
Regenerator Loop
Loop in a network element between the Station Clock Output(s) and one or both Station
Clock Inputs, which can be used to dejitterize the selected timing reference in network
applications.
Regenerator Overhead Controller (ROC)
SLM circuit pack that provides user access to the SDH overhead channels at repeater
sites.
Regenerator Section Termination (RST)
Function that generates the Regenerator Section Overhead (RSOH) in the transmit
direction and terminates the RSOH in the receive direction.
REI
Remote Error Indication. Previously known as Far End Block Error (FEBE). The REI
reflects the number of BIP-8 violations that were detected in the B3 of the incoming
signal on a per frame basis.
Relay Unit (RU)
Radio Relay circuit pack whose main function is to perform protection switching when
the Alignment Switch in the demodulator unit is unable to perform protection switching.
Restore Timer
Counts down the time (in minutes) during which the switch waits to let the worker line
recover before switching back to it. This option can be set to prevent the protection
switch continually switching if a line has a continual transient fault. This field is greyed
out if the mode is non-revertive.
Revertive Switching
In revertive switching, there is a working and protection high speed line, circuit pack,
etc. When a protection switch occurs, the protection line, circuit pack, etc. is selected.
When the fault clears, service reverts back to the original working line.
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RF
Radio Frequency
RFI
Remote-Failure Indicator
RGU
ReGenerator Unit
Route
Return to Zero
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SA
Signal Degrade
SDH
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. Definition of the degree of control of the various clocks
in a digital network over other clocks.
SDH-TE
Backup NMS for a network element should the primary NMS fail. A network element
should be provisioned normally on the primary NMS and then be configured for use on
the secondary NMS. See also Geographic Redundancy.
Section
A transport entity in the transmission media layer that provides integrity of information
transfer across a section layer network connection by means of a termination function at
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Function that processes the AU-pointer to indicate the phase of the VC-3/4 POH relative
to the STM-N SOH and assembles/disassembles the complete STM-N frame.
Section Overhead (SOH)
A networks ability to automatically recover from the failure of one or more of its
components.
Server
Computer in a computer network that performs dedicated main tasks that require
generally sufficient performance. See also Client.
Service
The operational mode of a physical entity that indicates that the entity is providing
service. This designation will change with each switch action.
Severely Errored Frame Seconds (SEFS)
A second that has a binary error ratio. SES is used as a performance monitoring
parameter.
Severity
Short Haul
SI
Synchronous Interface
SIB
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SLM
An HDLC messaging channel between the SDH-TE and the 5ESS host node. Similar to
the DCC messaging channels that are located in the STM-N section overhead.
SML
This is a standard formal language for specifying (essentially) finite state machines.
SPI
Traffic map for SLM Add-Drop Multiplexer network elements that contains information
for each cross-connection in the ring and indicates the source and destination network
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elements for the low-speed circuit to which the cross-connection belongs. This
information is used to prevent traffic misconnection in rings that have isolated network
elements or segments. See also Cross-Connect Map.
SSM
The operational mode of a physical entity that indicates that the entity is not providing
service, but standby. This designation changes with each switch action.
Standby
The operational mode of a physical entity that indicates that the entity is not providing
service but is on standby. This designation will change with each switch action.
Station Clock Input (SCI)
An open ring in which each node is an Add-Drop Multiplexer. The end nodes operate
with one equipped high-speed line.
STS
A user of the OMS application with Supervisor privileges. See also User Privilege.
Supervisory Unit (SU)
Radio Relay circuit pack that gives comprehensive supervision and control facilities to
the user by collecting information from the Alarm Collection Units and Alarm Adapter
Units.
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SVCE
Service
Synchronization Supply Unit (SSU)
A circuit pack that recovers and reshapes the clock signal in order to filter out jitter.
Local (SSU_L) and Transit (SSU_T) types are available.
Synchronous
A hierarchical set of digital transport structures that is standardized for the transport of
suitably adapted payloads over transmission networks.
Synchronous Equipment Management Function (SEMF)
A line multiplexer that is designed to multiplex VC-4 and STM-1 tributary port signals
into STM-16 line port signals.
Synchronous Network
The information structure that is used to support (section layer) connections in SDH.
System Administrator
A user of the computer system on which the NMS application can be installed. See also
User Privilege.
System Controller (CTL)
A circuit pack that controls and provisions all units. It also contains the data
communication packet switch functionality that is necessary for routing of management
information between network elements and their management system.
System Controller (STC)
SLM Add-Drop Multiplexer network element circuit pack that provides the highest level
of system control for the Synchronous Line Multiplexer system. The STC circuit pack
provides overall administrative control of the system. The STC memory is provided by
the MEM circuit pack.
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Glossary
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OLS circuit pack that provides the highest level of system control for the Optical Line
System. The SYSCTL circuit pack provides overall administrative control of the system.
The SYSCTL memory is provided by the SYSMEM circuit pack.
System Memory Unit (MEM)
SLM Add-Drop Multiplexer network element circuit pack that provides the highest level
of system control for the Synchronous Line Multiplexer system. The MEM circuit pack
provides memory support for the System Controller (STC) circuit pack.
System Memory Unit (SYSMEM)
OLS circuit pack that provides the highest level of system control for the Optical Line
System. The SYSMEM circuit pack provides memory support for the SYSCTL circuit
pack.
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TCA
Timing DEViation
TDM
Terminal Multiplexer
TGU
Timing Interface
TLM
TeLeMetry Unit
TLP
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....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
TMN
A combined coding and modulation scheme for improving the reliability of a digital
transmission system without increasing the transmitted power or the required bandwidth.
TRF
TRansFer unit
Tributary
A signal of a specific rate (2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, VC12, VC3, VC4, STM-1
or STM-4) that may be added to or dropped from a line signal.
Tributary Overhead Controller (TOC)
SLM circuit pack that allows access to the overhead bytes of the incoming tributary
signal.
Tributary Overhead Controller (TOHCTL)
OLS circuit pack that allows access to the overhead bytes of the Supervisory channel.
Tributary Unit (TU)
An information structure that provides adaptation between the lower order path layer and
the higher path layer. Consists of a VC-n plus a tributary unit pointer TU PTR.
Tributary Unit Pointer (TU PTR)
Indicates the phase alignment of the VC with respect to the TU in which it resides. The
pointer position is fixed with respect to the TU frame.
TSA
Glossary
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
UAS
UnAvailable Seconds
ULDT
An indication of the time of an event that is independent of the time-zone in which the
event occurred. The local time can be calculated from the Universal Co-ordinated Time.
Upgrade
User Panel
Upstream
At or towards the source of the considered transmission stream, i.e. in the direction that
is opposite to the direction of transmission.
User Privilege
A permission granted to a user to perform actions on the computer system on which the
OMS application runs. User privileges are granted for the System Administrator,
Supervisor or Operator.
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Value
A number, text string, or other menu selection that is associated with a parameter.
VCAT
Virtual Concatenation
VF
Voice Frequency
Virtual Container (VC)
Virtual LAN
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VPN
The time to wait before switching back after a failure has cleared in a revertive
protection scheme. This time can be between 0 and 15 minutes, in increments of one
minute.
WAN
Information as displayed on the screen will appear in the same way on printed output.
Wideband Communications
Voice, data, and/or video communication at digital rates from 64 kbit/s to 2 Mbit/s.
Windows
Label attached to a physical entity. Inthe case of revertive switching the working line or
unit is the entity that carry service under normal operation. In the case of non-revertive
switching this label has no particular meaning.
WS
WorkStation
WSF
X-Terminal
Transmitter
XSU
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Index
Add/Drop, A-1
application
DDM, 3-20
Ethernet performance
monitoring, 2-81
.............................................................
documentation
GSM, 4-14
numbers, xviii
IP Tunneling, 4-13
linear, 4-4
DS-3, 2-64
ring, 4-6
AU Pointer, A-8
C CIC
ED
circuit packs
fit rates, 5-8
conventions, xvii
course
E2, 2-65
.............................................................
Customer Information
Center, 7-1
.............................................................
G Generic Framing Procedure
applications, 1-3
VC12Xv, 3-18
VC3Xv, 3-18
GFP/EoS, 2-50, 2-50
.............................................................
I
IMF
infant mortality factor, 5-7
IMR
infant mortality rate, 5-7
registration, 6-8
equipment, 3-19
interface
suitcasing, 6-8
ESW4_E14
cross-connections, 3-9
.............................................................
Ethernet, 3-5
F, 2-71
ISDN, 2-63
Index
....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Interface
LAN, 2-64, 2-64, 2-64
interface
Q-LAN, 2-71, 4-13
supervision, 2-71
.............................................................
MDI, 3-6
Miscellaneous Discrete Output
MDO, 3-6
transmission, 3-3
tributary, 2-63
inventory, 3-19
ITM-CIT, 2-71, 4-3, 4-6
ITU-T, A-1
.............................................................
L LAPS encapsulation, 3-17
LCAS, 3-15
Line Termination Unit
LTU, 1-3, 3-5
Link Access Procedure SDH
LAPS, 3-17
Link Access Procedure SDH
(LAPS), 3-13
Link Capacity Adjustment
Scheme
LCAS, 2-45, 3-13
Link Capacity Adjustment
Scheme (LCAS), 3-15
MSP, 3-10
LWS
Alcatel-Lucent worldwide
services, 6-3
.............................................................
M MAC, 2-50
operations interfaces
F interfaces, 3-6
2 Mbit/s/1.5 Mbit/s
tributary, 3-23
reliability, 5-8
and service availability, 5-8
product, 5-2
specifications, 5-8
RoHS Directive, 5-6
S SDH, A-1
Q interfaces, 3-6
user-settable miscellaneous
discrete, 3-6
SOH, 2-65
.............................................................
SRD, xix
first, 3-24
second, 3-24
product
R re-timing
.............................................................
Plesiochronous Digital
Hierarchy (PDH), A-1
.............................................................
.............................................................
development, 5-3
product description, 2-1
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Index
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.............................................................
T T3, 2-3
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