SCIENCE FORM 4

CHAPTER 3: HEREDITY AND VARIATION

BY MISS SOFEA

3.2 PRINCIPLES AND MECHANISM OF INHERITANCE

The study of inherited characteristic is called heredity

Genes carry the inherited characteristics of a person
Each characteristic of a person is controlled by a ______ of genes
A gene for a certain characteristic may be a dominant gene or a recessive gene

GENES THAT DETERMINE TRAIT

DOMINANT GENE
RECESSIVE GENE
A __________ gene that always can
A ________ gene that cannot show its
show its characteristic and can mask
effect if it is paired with a dominant
the effect of a recessive gene when
gene.
Usually marked with a small letter
paired together.
Usually is marked with a __________
letter

AA

Ab

The dominant trait/characteristic is shown

due to the presence of dominant gene.

Aa
The recessive trait/characteristic only shown
when both recessive genes are paired
together

A __________ consist of one dominant and one recessive gene.

Dominant traits
Right handed
Tall
Black/Curly hair
Black/Brown eyes
With ear lobe
Can roll the tongue
Has normal vision
Has dimples
Skin is pigmented
Long eye lashes

Recessive traits
Left handed
Short
Brown/Straight hair
Blue eyes
Without ear lobe
Cannot roll the tongue
Colour blind
Has no dimple
Skin has no
pigments(albino)
Short eye lashes

A person with two dominant genes (BB) or to recessive genes (bb) for a
characteristic/trait is said to be _______________.
A person with two different genes (Bb) is said to be _______________.
Genotype is the _____ __________ of a particular trait for an individual
o For example: Brown eyes is a dominant trait. Blue eyes is a recessive trait.
Individual with brown eyes have genotype either AA or Aa. Individual with blue
eyes have genotype aa.
Phenotype is the ____________ traits showed by an individual such as colour of eyes
and height.
3 possible combination are:
Phenotype

Genotype

Tall (pure strain)

Tall (monohybrid)
Dwarf (pure strain)

TT (homozygous dominant)
Tt (heterozygous)
tt (homozygous recessive)

THE MECHANISM OF TRAIT INHERITANCE

Gregor Mendel was the first scientist that study the nature of _______________ in
organism
Mendel cross-bred a pure breed of _____ plant with a pure breed ______plant.
He found that all the first generation offspring (progeny) were all _____. Progeny from
this cross, called the F1 generation (first filial generation).
Then Mendel cross the F1 generation tall plants with one another (_____-_________).
He found that the F2 generation was made up of tall and dwarf plants in the ratio of
________.
It is shown that only the _________ (strong) trait appeared in the F1 generation.
The _____________ (weak) trait is blocked by the strong trait from expressing itself and is
therefore hidden in the F1 generation