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Cairo by Night
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2 yee Renee la tiie ine eee ate eeWritten 3A Suleiman. Vampire and che Wotld of Darkness created by Mark Reine Hagen ion: Khaldoun Khelil oryteller Game System D Rein*Hagen Developed by: Justin Achill Bultoes Carl Bowen At Director: Richard Thoms Layout & Typesetting: Becky Jollensten Interior Art: Mike Dansa, Becky Jollensten, Drew Tueker, Conan Venus Front Cover Art: Lawience Silly Front & Back Cover Design: Becky Jollensien Autnor’sDepication This book is dedicated with lave and writitude te myparents: To my father, for rhe letter and the law, To my mother, for the wander and the word, Dedication on this book must also gosouttathe many who fought and died in the Middle Bnet during its wrding With love, and the enduringhope hat yoursactifi at leasthelp pave the way for lasting peace Specrar THanns J would be remise if Tid not give credit here where ir is certainly due. Fist ard foremost, yery special thanks tomy friend and mentor, Hurry Heckel, who has giver. me more than he'll ever know —mose of which ies outside the scope of this project. And the most sincere of thanks co my evo patron saints, Justin Achilli any James Exes Looking Eagle, without whose patience irport { never would have ouirdled the hend cin this labor oflove. Toall the rest of you whohiave helped mealong the way: You are not forgotten here, yom are simply to6 many in number to mention by niume Bt dian you WalePublishing, Ine. All rights reserved, Repto: FREY pe MA NORTIBIM scccnseaioutthevenen onset thepblsier expect > Me. Ss eatees Hh nay eter eel eee ne CLARISTOH, Gt 3021 Wolf, Vampire, Vampire the Masquerade, Vampire the Dark Aves, Mage the Ascension, Hunter the Reckoning, World of Darkness, USA and Aberrant ate registered trademarks of White Wolf Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved, Werewolf the Apucalypse, Wraith the Oblivion, Changeling the Deeaming, Werewolf the Wil West, Maye the Sorcerers Crusade, Weaith the Great Wer, Trinity. Caira by Night, Your of the Scarab and Blocd Sucrifice ate traclemarksof White Wolf Publishing, Inc. All rights reserved All chariewers, names, places and test herein are copsrighted by White Wolf Publishing, Inc The mention of or reference to uny company or product in these pages s not a challenge to the trademark or édipyright concerned Game Stunte is book uses the supematural forsettings, charactersandthemies, All mystical and supemacutil elementéare fiction and intended for entertainment purposes only. This book contains mature content. Reailer discretion is advis Fora five White Wolf catalog cull 1-800-454-WOLE Check out White Wolf online at bhrp://wwwwhite-wolt.cony alt.games.whitewolf anid rec. garnes.p. storyteller PRINTED IN THE USA Caio oe Nar 1SOIR CONTENTS IntRODUCTION: THE DULSE OF MILLENNIA 6 CHAPTER Ont: SINS or THE FATHERS: A History Of CAIRO 18 Cuapter Two:BLoopann SAND:GEOGRAPHY ANDTHE UNDEAD 48 CHapter THREE: BROTHERS IN ARMS; DYRAMIDS OF DoweR 72 Cuapter Four: Deap AMONG THE DEAD: THe DAMNEDOFCAIRO 80. CHApTER Frve: UMM €&L-DUNYA-STORYTELLING CAIRO 134 Appenpix: SHADOWS IN Dust: THe Hipnen Host 150 Cones 3en ea ee et eee ee een pee ad ee ere nee reee ress : De ey a ee ae tera ‘abil Gibran, “The Prophet" Cre een ein et Cee one uee ereatrea De eee eeeMistress of broad provinces and fru lands, brn in prafesion of buildings, peerless teamed and ienor thenableand the hase beauty and splendor, she shelters all you will the prudent and the foolish, the soa she surges ith hor throngs of lk... her youth sever new despite the length of days. He reigning star newer shifts jrom the marion of foreine —Hhn Batuea, Rehla (The furney) THe Crry TRIUMPHANT The dazling city of Cairohas worn numerous faces and names throughout her long and often glarious history. From her younger dys as the Biblical city af On, as Helinpolisto che Greek astronomers and philosophers who traveled perilous leagues ro stuslythe mysteries of her stare and sands, to the Roman fortress of Babylon-in-Ezypt which, in tum, grew surrounded by the expanding Arab cities of Al-Fustar, Al-Oatai aru finally, AL-Oahira, It isthe phant. Dubbed thus originally for the curious cireumsrancessurroundingher Fatimid foundation, che name has priven consistently accurate nonetheless The prae of conquerors the world over, men have waged campaign upon bloody campaign against one another for the right tc her charms. From the caliphs of Baghdad, Damascus and Tunis to the Turkish sultan anc Napoleon himself, her lise af would-be suirors reads eon 1 wmmpirethat hacateetch Africa tothe Asiatic Sea, she ha nin exming the granc ‘Then come the many colorful sobriquets that she has euned by viniue of her splendor and grace. Gi Cairo, City of Cinies, Jewel of the Orient, Shining Sst of Islam, Mother of the World. From the chronicles nf the renowned Muslim traveler Ibn Batuta to the fanct fal eal Richard Burcon's Arabian Nagi, the city of Cairo hae been a source of infinite wonder ond inspiration for centuries, Throughout her impressive existence, itseemsthac shehas eft no visitoruntouched by her splendor, no scholar unrewarded by her com stancy, nor any traveler anything but awed by her magnificence, leean be truly said that Cairo was founded on the paradox of change as a means of ensuring stability. Since the area's ins settlement, the city hasuundergone rocess of continuous (and often chavtic) reinven= tion. Originally simated on thecastern bank of the Nile Fmooucaon Te Ps Nuun 1where the river fans out into tech, arable farmtand, all subsequent building on the site bas had co follow the progzess of the delta, which has been cteeping steadily north due to Africa's desiccation, Tonight, thessite has outrun the growth of its eternal companion, and the delta curtently sits several miles to the north of where ic lay during the age of the Pharaohs. ‘The city has heen built and retuilecountless times sincethe Aca cong offgypneaty {400 yearsag, with each susrest more jn its relentless purait of the delta. What had ence been the city centers became the outlying areasof a much larger whale, and the result is a modem #e- Tropolisof immense size and scope, coveringa total area of over 200 saunre miles, In response to (oran adinect resultof) this growth, the people of Calrohave made the sty the whole of their world. To het teeming mnillicns (and, indeed, to many outriders), C and the hub ofall Egypeian life. Yet forall her richness of culzure and history, Cairois city grown weary under theweight ofherown years. The fsing of ages has piven Her diet wo witness et OW ‘ocaafallrepeatedly, granting berthe sad opportunity her radiance tamished at the hands of her own. children. Her fgtle sense of singular identity, and the constant threat of she eoniplete destruction thereaf, has teen a plague more persistent than those that swept through daring the Dark Ages, beinging death to her populace apace thereafter, The fact that Egypt dd riot Jhve on Euypan ruer betwen the reign of Nectaneba and chit of Gamal Abdel Nasser —an unthinkable sper ofalmost 24 centucies— hasplayed an undeniable role in the firmuution of the Caiene mindset, and the city’s snhabicants struggle nughely with this legacy. Bue throuzh all her many nights af blood nd change, she haw remained the brightest of beacons ina dark and shifting sand, a constariestar in a seaof endless night. She muy look a little older in the light, and her children may see more of ehaos and handship in these times, but they know that she yet remains themotherof their world. And to them, regardless of her guise or ssppellaticin, the City Triumphant she has always been snd, by the grave of God, shall remain evermore How to Use Tuts Boox Thisbook tepresentsscniethingof a deviation from the nem, to those fimiiar with other Vampire "by Night’ supplements, The distinction between Cairo by Nightand its pred ssocs lies in its versatility, Thiscity sets the scene for a Storyteller to tnke her players, be ve ranctruction adding more and they players of Camarilla, Sebbat, anarch, independent oreven elderchameters, into the hearts-and intrigues of the largest city in all of Africa and the Middle East, In addition to finally examining an ares lony neglected in previous products, thiskook intends :e give Storytellers ‘a means by which chey can pach eheir ehoractein full throttle into the Final Nights. Chapter by chepret, Cairo by Night is broker up into the following sections Siay of the Vathers: A. History of Cairo is a personal narrative of the city's mortal and Kindred ‘histories, beginning in ancient times, winding thiough the formative Islamic Age and into the modem nights ‘When pieced together, these histories provide uni and comprehensive perspective of this most magnift cent of cites. Blood and Sand: Geography and the Undeadis.an overview of the sites that make Caito the wonder thar she is tonight. Through Central, Islamic and Coptic Cairo, tothe mumersusanid ever-present miosqussaniund the city, life and faith are inextricably intertwined here. ‘often leaving Cairo's vampiric denizens caught in the middle Brothers in Arms: Pyramids of Power takes alook athe various factions at work in the city. Some wie for ‘Power, others move in their own circle theirown inscrutable purposes. Calt activity, ono vampitic as well as mortal level, is so prevalent here that wise Kindred often end up choosing an allegiance fone art 6 another before it chouses them. Dead Among the Dead: The Damned of Cairo dewails many of the major undead figures ith Recorlee, alsliinas acd dp vendettas that abound in Caira’s kindred are examined here, setting thestage forany sortof Egyptian chronicle to play itself cut Umm. l-Durya: Storytelling Cairo gives i brie guide to Storytellers on how to nan a chronicle in the City Triumphant. Nerran ve elementsand cultural hack drops ate further examined here as well, rounding out the whole of the city’s long and sordid story. Shadows in Dust: The Hidden Hostis an appen- dix — a night gullery of those behind the scenes Caira. From the stoic Inconn Monitor tou mammny st the core ofthe eity’shistiny, they are all detalied here Among these pages, you wil find all that you need 10 create achronicle in ne of the largest and uldest cities in the civilzed world, Through the urching wate of Bah Zuwayla, past Salah al-Din's Citadel and around Cities ofthe Dead, through the bustlinglanes of tae Khan
prayer from these shrines,and the sound has came to be synonymous with thecity herelf. Music and community converge under: the aegis of uth, forming a powerful force that bonds Cairenesto one aneher, This communal faith softer the only substitute for other things of need as well. A surprising numberof the citys poor arad homeless think of themselses as blessed, believing they have been ‘wwuched by God, and thar the power of His love is more than enough to camry them through their days ancl ights in poverty, Many a vistorto this wondrouselty has marveled at how happy these people can be while they seem ro have so very lite, Crvar Der Caieo certainly lovesa festival,and the city playshost to several annually, including rhe world-renowned Inter- ‘uationai Fira Fetivalin December, the 10-day-lorg Arabs Music Festival inNvomberand the Caio BaokFaihald every January at dhe Exhibition Grounds. Inrecent years, several anarchs have tried ro make their own mark on the city’s revelry, reulting cn one occasion i a pecubir oddity known as the Pharaohs! Rally. Every Qetober, competitors come fain ail over the globe to engage in a rowdy 4wheel-drive mce through the desert, beginning ang endingarthe pyramids, Much to the iritation ofthe academie community (as well as the Gangrel who dwell cher) attemprsto discontinue therallyhavebeen thus se thwarted consistently, and the event has prmered no stnll measire of populonty amongextreme sport enthu- site woeldvide, Some Buropenn Kincked, aking page from dhe Caeneanarchs, have begun to goso fara to use these and orher eventsas excuresfor their excursonstoan otherwse insular, unpredictiste und often dangerously exairing ey TRAVELING TO CAIRO Cara isreadily and deceptively accessible by ai, kang snul water. The ratory of coming aie travel is taleen by Cairo Hnternational Aicpor, which les about 15 milesto the northeast of downtown Cairo in the subuth of Heliopolis. The newerof its two rerminalswas built to take over the servicingof moscat Egypr’s international atlines, Jeavingthe finetermital tobe used prinunily for Eyypr Ait and its many domestic and intemarional flights The most popular method ot transport to those enteringand leaving the city is bus eravel, and service uns every day except Suturday out of Central Cait The mos: popular bus routes travel between Cairo anc Tel Aviv, Jerusalem or laba in Sinai. kgypr’s one intercity railroad, he EgyptianState Railway, connects Alexandria to Aswan by way of Cairo. Irruns out of Ramaes Station in Midan Ramses and, although iis’ ‘means of gerting to Cano proper if arriving interna tionully, it isa fairly stable form of transport in the country. River travel, although it is generally lengthy and often unreliable, is not heavily regulated, and enterprising Kindred can use the Nile wo gatn elandes tine admittance tothe city, should they feel requiees to resomt to such measures. Gertno Anounn Camo Located on, atop and across the river Nile, Caito is sprawling testamentro its own history anu therelene: less growth ofits surging multitudes, Crice any foreign, Kincred have arrived in Caito, one of the first things thar they'll need to learn (anid fast) isa brief layout af thisunique city and biow ta navigate it. While most city residents have leamed the varioustricks of the trade regarding such issues, newcomers tothe city, lost nthe bustling and often unfamiliar tee uf Caitene ways and means, may find themselves at a loss tu do anything, other than play chy eur. Several options, however, oon make themselves actly apparent Although the city boasts a staggering registry of more chan a million cats, overcrowded buses and rnin buses are the dominant form of exinveyance in and around downtown for the majority of Cairenes. How ever, travelling amid the exhaust erated by these crowded and often ill-maintained vebicles impart th equivalent of smoking 30 cigarettes a day. No needing to breathe, the city's Kindred can make use of these services, but mest sane mortals prefer taking ofthe thousands oftaxis chat are available inoment’s notice. Other options in che eity include the ruttally undergeeurd metro systert (which ts currently uncer goingmassiveand costly development) andits outdared predecessor, the tram. A final option that is singular to this wondrous city, isthe river bus terminal at Magpero, which ferriespeople every 15 minutes between the east and westbanks ata landing just north of the University Bridge. Every second boat continues on to stops at fnsceusnen Tie Pas oF Netewa 3Masia, G Nile isl Mase al-Qadima (Old Cairo) and the dof Rhoda. GLossaryorTterMs ‘One of the frst things that ome notices when visiting ‘Gato is the necessity to understand the chythms of her speech Even thse witha basic grasp of Ambic soon find thu the Cairene di nngy and somewhat hip (all things considered) — resjires that they pay a bit of tee tion inorder to get the mestmnileage ourof whatthey already know. The following is list of terms that visitors wil find commana the Middle East in. general, and in Caim ly. Storytellers are encmucaged t0 Incerpeinte as this language as they reasemably can nv any set inthe Middle Est, in onder ro keep thingsas flavorful ay possible. Be careful of begin Jown, but use these tens to add an exotic lave to sceiptions abeyya: the we av) abus futher or saint ablal-Litabs “peopl for Christians und Jews uibwat a ecffechouse Ashirta: old-form term generivally used ro indie Site Kindred of laamie petsuasinn especia macho chro uuthenth thing your n's version pf the galuhiyya robe fh vol ale Masstisa neem hab: a gate or door hhaksheesh: a local and grossly over-expected tip- ping custom baladi: “local” or “in country,” a8 opposed ta for: cig (for example, bn al-balad: “sori of the country”) bhawal: a doorman or porter Benben: the stare or mound where Egypeinns ve Creation began heys the Octoman title jst be birkets a luke caliphs Literally success” defer preine riler of Muslins; also spelled kal dahabiyya: x hogseboar dinars an Islamic coin, typically mide of god Deies a monastery uf convent effendis from the Turkish, «title usually applied to educated professionals w pasha to the su Eid: feast of celebration ‘emir: 3 govern malay communal, or Islamic ruler farwas an Islarnie religious ruling om a matter fellah wn Eyyprian peasant (pl. fellaheen) galabiyyas enw, nonlin! robe wor by Egyptian men haif: the pilgrimage to Mecea, required of all Mus: lms at feast on c during cher liferimes Hajjs those who have completed the pilgiimage to Meccag also the Mustim Nosferatu of the Middle Ease hammans » bathhouse hi a lane or alley; any one of o number of neighbothoods in the traditional quarters I searf worn over the head by hatta: the tradition Eygptinn men aba "oon of" Tmam: 3 prayer le leauler of the Shiite sect igals the woven rings worn around the head, over the hata Khawagas a term of itonie respect for a We foreumer (pl. khuwagat) Khittas one ofa group of tribal domains, clatmed by peiwerful families during the citys foundation Jotuss white water lily chat was szcred to the ancient Egyptians mavallim: lirerally tera fotetnan or supervisor madrasa: acho. ashrafiyya: wooden larticework commonly used in Caizene houdsa,ofsen aplledl mushvabiyya Mase (MUH-see):t well as Cairo; alto spelled rmastaba: literally "bench," a mud-brick structure above tombs from winch pyramids developed midans a town o city square smilaya: black shawl usually wom over the head by Egyptian working-class women mosque: the English corruption of asi" cr “a place of prostranan” smunzzin:a mosque ficial who eal the fa fules prayer natton: hydraesd undiur-tashonare occurring ba saline deposits; used in mumamification rituals qarafa: @ cemetery (the “q" Is silent) Qur'an: "the recitation,” the Muslim holy rex adh: good-natured, thyming abuse; Cairene rap, of asore Ramadan: the ninth month ofthe Islamic calendar when all Muslims must fast sa’idis an Upper Egyptian searabe heetle tegatded as sacred to rhe ancient Egyptians; often representing the sun god, Ra Shu'b: the peomle or the masses wroad or street slamie law Descendant of the Prophet bay tarket Sufi: Disciple of Sufism, a form of Islamic mysticism ler or mosque head; also the a teacher,” but usvally referring formerly college of Islamic Law Cano w Nest 4Cairo: Underground Metro Network Soi Unis Gira Sy Gita Raliway < Giza Suourts © Awat (Bostan) Sead Zaghiou} © sayyide Zenab © Eitalsk Eisaieh O Marcegis O ElZatraa Dar Et-Salam i Havaven El-Maadi OD S2kanat Ei-Maaai OE bvinisara O Hadayoq Halwa Ain Hetwan Anco Tae Past of Mauss 5Sunna: the exemplary acticns ofthe Prophet, from which Sunni Islam ix derived hut, elsewhere known as a fez “Ulemi:scholis of slamie religion, triton, ae lw ‘mother ot" wwadis a deserc warercourse, urually dey wah In Oasis wagés u form of Islamic endowment trust saghreett « style of dynamic vocal ylulaion: Resources Lirenaiune A creat many worksexiston Eeypeandita vast cultural ani historical heritage. In fact, so much has been written ‘on the region, that che tak of finding material on point becomes the real challenge. A good suagestion is ti eros your focus of interest when sts things Eeyr- an, and tailor your research took aceordagly Thefollowing list includes only thase works dat were found either most useful or most inspirational during the \wniting of this supplement, and itis byno means comere- hensive, even in this context, Naguib Mshfouz — No collection of literature on Cairo would be complete without: Mahfouz. A” Nobel Laureate in Literature (1988), he is most known for his Cara Trilogy (1956-1957): Palace Walk, Palace of Desi and Sugoy Sect which offer a preat leuk at life in Cairo, Other popular titles include Melag Alley, Chiden of Gebelawt, The Harajsh and Arabian Nights nd Day Arabian Nighes (in. Arabi, “Alf Layla wa Layla o “The Thousand snd One Nights") — Although Sheberesade und her famous stories have their roots ity pre-lslamic Persia, suc esione down through the ages paint a vistel picture of Mameluke Cano, often in specific detil. Either way, these rales are rot thie missed, They'teulsoagteat source for litcraryallusion orlegendary symbolism in any Cairo chronicle. AuTHesniery Disccaimen ‘The material presented in Cairo by Night, while fully and accurately researched, was comic piled with the intent to-serve a particular story. Cerainhistoreal and geographicalelementshave been overlooked, while others have been altered ‘outright in the interests of sorytelling, and this should be kept in mind. This book is a supple- ment about a Gothic-Punk vision of Caito for Vampire: The Masquerade, not a doctoral the sis. Toall those whaintend to usethisbook asthe sole bibliographic refereice for theie term papers ‘on Egypt orwho would complain about inconsis- tencies between this and the real world: You have basen me Abulughos Cai (1971) —An oatotlate sealyof 1,091 years ofthe city’s history. What there ts, however, inextremely detailed replete with maps, chartsand graphs covering wide mnge of subjects Axulrew Humphreys, Lonely Pkmer: Cain (1995) Don't scoff This litle “travel guide" was invahable luring this project, and most Storytellers will ind it 30 as Whayslaw B: Kubiak, Al-Fustat tty Foundation and Eaaly Urbare Development (1987) — A theneush ancl somewhat dry deatise on the development cf the tribal ‘bist during the Arab conquest Neil D. MacKenzie, Avybi! Cairo (1992) — Ex- tremely focused, bur tettific if you're loaking far topagriphical iniormatian dating from the penod, Max Rodenbeck,Cato: TheCiry Viton (199%) — Avecent adlition tothe trove, theslively an chaotic rale weaves past and present ints an exinently readable and literare whole which firmly standsas the best eral wark many hive wad om the city. Dotothen Russell, Medieval Caio (1963) — An uc tractive, rambling would-be tour with many detuiled descriptions of the city’s imparcantsites, A bit stufly, but well worth the read ‘Masin El-Shamy, Falkeales of Eeypt— An excellent and enguging work thit delves deep into the tich trove of Ezypoan folklore. The result is ae once very entertain- ing and very edifving. Desmond Stewart, Great Cairo Mother of the Wend (1996) — A respectful and well-eritten little overview with a handtul of obscurely colorful anecdotes. Helen Watson, Women in the Cities of the Dead (1992), Thissmall tome isan absolute find forthose looking far ‘suthentic cultura favor from one of the moat interesting districts of Cairo, Warten by a Fellow in Anthiopaioay with St John’s, Camibridge, it isa fiscinating look at the cultural storytelling tradition smong Egyptian worn, Muse Cairsnes; possibly tore than citizens of any other single city, ae consummate lovers of revel aud song ‘Whether to beat back the tide of despair that grips het destitute populace orsimply outofa reverence for anid bye music has become sn inherent part of the day-ti day existence of Cainunes. Its insistent shythme fil their homes, cut, nightclubs andeven marketplaces insuch sn Uincodine steam hut the whale «fall icofren mere asthe “the song of Mar, the song of thecty.” Despite the ever-present undead who plot and secthe beneath her surface, the voice of Cairo isdynamic, vociferous nd very full of life. This reverence is seen in every aspect of the way Caines absorb themselves in their music, Take theit mnost famous songhind, Umm Kuloum. Known as the Nightingale of the Nile, the Lady of Arabic Sonor, more casually, ay simply a Lady"), she auld the Caio ar No 6sirwavesand heats of Cairo for over 37 years before her retirement, Her funeral in 1975 brought over two milion mourners to the streets oF Cake, where they Kidnapped the singer's body, paradingit for three full miles until they reached the Mosque of al-Husayn. Only the pleas of the ima preverced her from being intered neat tothe head of he Piophetsgainkon—auch wo tie mcisuscut dreis devotion to their heleved songstress and her music. Anal ic is this universe musical spirit that provides the most well inspiration go dhose inteaested inthe city, ether dint vor apes genres, etae or teconlinet, Thatheingssid,therene afew rypesof music thatare ithe native to oF singularly enjoyed by Cairenes. One such nical styles form of Beyptia“popet the people” called al jel (Mthe generation). It ie ehameterised by rausoushand
envouragcd dis revolutionary behavior, some fleeing to the north md south to sponsor would-be ruless ofnmaller city-states ehroughout Egypt. One euch sucess was found in a man numed Seqenente, who took control Sf Thebes ned ruled there ax its SevsuntecitlDysuety ‘king, He Hecame such i thorn in Apophis’ se that 3 stadow war erupted, resulting in the ssnsination. uf Segenenre: Although successful, the victory prov Pyrthic one far Set — the seeds been planted. The expulsion of the Hyhion was finally cconplstl ‘yu warriorparriotnamed Abmose, the youriger brother of the great Exyptian warrine Kamose. Aftor no small mens tehellion hud (Gos Ova Ss orn Fas A Hiro Cn 2eee vty beeey lens fae pal Heeaf Ne tation Gbeeneh Pe sce ruhih the Carian Lraigue had: broushe to eee hotel ? vos sl i Le ees Ulin fone Sg Pitas Fate send o of planning, as well Cio Not »THe Serpent Cons wing the humbling defeae of the Hykuns, See strike arthe hear ofthe problem. tn the family of Ahmose heal held consider: ibleinflicoce wr court,ineluding Phuraoh’s sister Nefertin wham he had made his wife. Nefettni wa brought under the influence of agents of Set for her brother's farts in Jestmiying the dream of an Egypt unified under Set’ banner, They maneuvered the court of Ahmese into eating the religious office of "Gad's wife of Amun” which, in turn, marked the beginning of the wershipping sfquvensnsclvine as wel as kings. In so doing, Set ped ving the very office that had plagued his rule for the office of Pharaoh, He J sv n thisetfon., leading to he tle of Amunhotep 1, an Beyrtian iconoclast who chondoned the buieling of pyramide and was the first separate the temples fum the tombs. The Sette plan winked (hough probably née for he reajens they believed), ard Lower Egype began to fall under their yway once a setts of warmongering ivesnnpremacy, ancl the dor tt petitere sores, acceded the throne by inarrying the coyal heiress, expanded the empire further than. his predecessors, n time repehing as far as the ceiniries under his: sway Euphrates River, He brought vicious campaigns against the Mitanni and the Nubians, all the white fertetn Guirian dissidents. On his retin to Thebes, he eaptu ‘Nubian chief loyal to Osiris and had his body hung hes down from the prow of his barge for several ionths while acatiact channel was repaired. Thutmose was brutal and inrettess, and “lessons” cha this became cormmosplct among his subyects, Although the fightiryy spirit «i people remained all of Lower Egypt groaned ur ‘weight of Thutmove's barbarous reign, His successor, Thotmose Il, proved equally vile, bit he died mysteriously in 1504 BC, after having ruled for only eight years His wife and halfwoter Hatshepsut nc exdedhis thrane, ruling alongside Thutmese Ili — his by anther woman. Ashe wissrly nell whim hisfath dled, the boy had wo share power for 22 yeam with fs seepmother and aunt, Queen Hathepout. Although Hatshepsut was (obviously) female, the oracle of Ann sumprised the:popuilace by declaring her Pharwlh other woman cauldeverclaim such —andohe wasseen as Egype’s true ruler for the remainder of het long apd prosperousreign. She was a beloved queen whoexpanded Eayntian intetestsshread, overcoming several prospe expeditionsin hertime, When Farshepsutdied, Thutmose Wacesdedthethtone and, justasthe Pharachsbefore him thud done, immediately began camp powers und bordets of Egypt. Unlike his predecessors to extend 1 PArRoNOFTHESUN (Cairo's "firs and most enignnaticCainite remains A mystery, even 10 those of his ewn line: Hiseorical accounts gree that he bailed from one of ze coastal cities along the Meditersanean, but they differ as 00 whether it was Argus or Habe aenassiy either is pose sible, thoush the latter ismiore likely, The must widely accepted theory clas that when the Darian cen: slomerae of cites known as the Hexapolis expelled Tlalicamassus for breaches of teniple etiquette (thus thecoming the Pentapolis), Agonistes depsarted, Seek: ing forrune and insight in the lads actos he sea. Asi mortal, Agonistes hil been fscinared by the anrertwining concepts af death and afterlife, and was. rumored ro haveactutlly ought out the Enakeace some time arounciche L3theentury BC. Histhirstfor knowl edge yrs marcbed only by a Boundless capacity. foe understanding that which was teamed, anid the come mensunite drive to achiove thar. understanding, Aygmiscey ire, an unknuwn Camice of Babyiontat extraction (if the legends are toue), sew in him both, this thirst and this drive, and graciously courted ‘Agonistes into nughe unending, Soon after, Aavmiotes win compelled to eravel to the Cieyof the Sun —a place thar most ofthe native ndead knew ts avnie. The Damned, his sire in- strveted, were no longer meat to stand in the light of God. Agonistes refused ve accept this; however, seid the two youn parted company. Agonistes’ sire returned, to Babylon, leaving his enant childe to discuvier the pelnfil raghs of Cuinite exitence on hisovs, Asa Kindred, Agonisteswasthe closest thing thar Heliopolis had ever had to a “avi.” He Unated heavily of himself tn hoth time and effort toi people, and the modest area surrounding the Temple af Ra Gon grew to become i vibrant city under his sponser ship, Agonistesnli engouraged independenc thought among the priesthood, though never to the exclusion ‘of their own celigious belief. Much like St. Thomas Aquinas ind other latter-day religlo-scientists, Agonistes eiovail in the advancement of vchelaiship under the segisof religion. A deep and profound fiith, ‘was required to exhort mortal man to greater heyhirsut scientific achievement, and he encouraged the con: eurrentdlevelopmentafhoeh ymongHaliopoli! prea Indeed, hisown existence asane of the Damned could conly have farther confirmed this andamental belie Trroverathousind yeargthe presence of Aganines ensured thar the Hight of Heliapolis — the light « ‘wisdom andi teath—would outshine thot ofall oth Burin theend.asA gonisteshinnelfimoscassuredly knew, {ane ive would come toclaia its de, extsznihirgut lat the biliange of the Ciny of the Sun Gurr One Sori Fis Hii Ca)however, heseemsto have concentrated solelyon sues economics and foreign policy (such as the acquisition of | Gaza anal other reritones), and he seems to have male Inele hendway on Secs hehal an the nciene war against the Osirian League. CITy OFTHE SUN Inthe sixth century BC, the oldest pluce ofwarhipas well as scholarly: thought in all the Land of Egypt: was destroyed. As a religious center, Helinpalis ("City of the Sun") hadscen no equal, I had been thesire of thesacted foenben stone, = well asthe bome of the ancient temple of Fa, where it isaid thar writing was fst developed. Ie was the Gu ofthe Bible, where Joseph marie the daughter at the temple's high priest, Poriphar, and where the infant: Jesits first uttered sound within its ruins, while his mother washed his clothes iy hletoglyphie trough, Heliopolis was also peerless ava gente of tearing. I thud been the werld'snexusof mathematiesand estranciny, being responsible for hoth the fies 365 calendar and Ie was to Egypt that the finest mincls of Greece had come to study. Accarding to legend, the philosophers and priestsof Heliopolis were attended by a single chile of Caine up until the night ot theit citys destruction. Althoush his orginal nome remains a pain cofgome cantention, posterity hascome to cal the undead scholar of Heliopolis Agonistes. ‘Alter his Embrace (see “Patron oy the Sun” sidebar}, Aronistes had traveled far to join the monastic exstence ‘ofthose whe stedied at the City ofthe Sun, [nse doing, he became one ofthe fist Kindrad to make a histrg rao. wha was to become iiosicrsy Casino. Ir is unknown exactly hhow leng Agonistes wasin residence at Heliopolis, but isknown that he wm present for its destruction at the hands of the Persian emperor. PeRstan Conquest ‘Under Cynis the’ Great and his son, Caibyses, the Persian empire hil spread far anal wie, taking control af Babylon and othor ateonti orien, Corabiet thal been planning an invasion of his wealthy netghbor to the west ‘over three years-and he had covered al the stratege huses, even accounting forthe Ezy army {tself) One of Pharaoh's most prominent generals was 4 Gresiemerceny fom Haticamassus named Phanes. Uc ing tacties he had leamed trom his father, Cambyses succesfully bribed che honorlest Greek into defecting with his men to Peni, ‘Theva Fein emperor hen nlf eh Hein savy asa threat hy plying tothe one feet of the Eeyptian tndletthstheceuldouneon, religion, The ender ete ‘avy, a man named Udjahoresne, ao happened to be Ihigy priest of the god Neth, Cambyser hut cleverly pledged his devorien ro Neith shortly before, fering Significan¢teibute tothe got «primary cemple inexchange for the admirals imactivity during the impending inva sien. Uajahiorrsine agreed, and itecame asitaple matter ol waitin fr the right moment to ste ‘When che widely popula Pharaoh Amasisdied, lav ing Egypt in the hands of his incompetent son Psammerichus, Cambyses knew that the moment hal anived. Unlike his father, Paaretichus was wea and largely without the respect of his own piethooe, and in 525 BC, the Persian army swept into Egypt practically ibonnitedak Wisles Renee Beyjrdan gore pear ing the asaule and the Egyprian navy sting tile in the Red Sea the eatin beilliant campalgn was over in uater of weeks. pie Pamir ralinry uiconpeteies ho fever, the puople of Exe continued to resist the new ‘ecipatnty the laeatcateiders Urwin rellavound Euyptasthepessantryasemblecltosucceed wherePhicach! iltrainedammyhad filed Carabyeeratloted, bangingthe Gn w Ne acapitol of Memphis to its knees and sacking several orher Nileside ites to cement contro. Hesiaushtered the sacred Apis bull thar waskept at the Temple of Ptah, establishing Morphis as the prewitcislcapiral of ehe Person empice When these messures were found wanting, he contrived t0 sorike 9 blow strane to ve Egyptian heart —a less te ‘those who would sonrinue to resist tha which mast be Althougs the priests and scholars af Heliopolis had ticle ro do with the peasant revolts, cheit ci iaelf was a symbol of Exyprian greatness —a symbol which must be rorrdennas an example: Carnbysex ten core through he city until they reached the eternal Temple of the Sum, whereupon they were given the order vo dastrey the ancient site to fs foundations, Agonistes, the mighty tnientor of the Hellopolitan nome, watched unmoved at his people serambled and his buildings burned. When the fires had eooied and ltee cemained of what had been the oldest and finest institution of leuming an the woe, halmevedon..lenvingthosewhoremained in eftof Heliopolis to start all aver again. BaByLon-in-EGypt The fret night san ancient forresson the eist hank heights of Al Rasad, a spur of the Mogattam Hills. Some tire arma 600 BC, prisoners had been brought from the recently conquered Pabylort to assist in the building of ths riv side torttess. These Babylonian workershecame the are firsepermanentinhahitanss, along with the detachment of soldiers for whom the fortress had keen constructed. The site was chosen wisely, as the east bank just south of Heliopolis had once been used asa Pharacinic river cross ing, using the iskind of Rhoda as a midway point. The Exyptian name of this Nileside encampment was Per- hapi-On, meaning “river house of On" — or, the pore of Heliopolis — but itsoon came to te known elsewhere Babylon-in-Eoyp’ When Carnes ertive, he brourhewith hima host of workmen fom Babylon on the Euphrates. The primary purpose for this mwnigration was to complete the eascern canal fo rhe Red Sea thar Pharaoh Nech hal begurt sare $0 yearsearler. Cambyses understoed the importance ofthe eeampmentthisthad grown arsundthe fortes of Babylon, From here, one could control accen te the Upper Nils «specially if afunctioning canal existed. Such a canal would link Babylon to an east that had grown richer and more veloped since Memphis’ glorydays In addition, Babylon's pronmity ro Rhos allowad for che onaise revel bormemn funk tobe found anywherealang the Nike For Babylon-in- Fagype, east and west were never far sway Although Babylon was geographically pivoral as a river crossing, the relatively new fortress nn its inhabit ants had ltt to offer the handful of Assamites wh rode with Cambyses into Egypr. As such, their attentions were drawn elsewhere — further to the south, where the te sient in the area that romans tes this raining Serie stongholds ly. Babylon was perfect for the designs of A thdding ports fortress thar he was drawn followin the ddesruction of the City of the Sun Some believe that Agonistes yntsenumoredot Babyhor in-Egypt simply because of its name, in what might have teen a subconscious desire to recurs vit his long Others believe Agonistes envishned aw City in the growing fortress-city, a place ing and faith could once again he encouraged ty grow slongside one another: Detracters of thisthoury ascribe a mora pragmatic intent ro Aganiatn’dacisions Memphis vas home to several Kindred with whom he wished no intercoune, and none of the other smaller cities along the ‘Nile could provide both the sustenance and isolation that the guier scholar required, Although possessed ofa philosopher spi, his blond was still char of Cane, and Agonistes bore a simmering distaste for the Persian barbarians who had so thong! lesaly destroyed centuries of erudition. Therefore, when a (Ge One Shs or Fras A Hiroto Cea 3Persian Cainite named Nabonidhs carne to dwell within hhisdomain, Agonistes fist thoughts were af coal revenge Strangely, such designs were soon quieted by Nabonicus himself He confessedco Agonistes that he had come to Babylon-in-Egypt specifically to seek out the distinguished scholar of Heliopolis in the hips of study {ny under him — not to infringe upon his domain, norto sist in the territorial squabbles between the Followers of Ser and the invading Children of Hagim, According to legend, the evo quietly cenvened in ‘Agonistes’ modest quartersinside the fortes, speaking in hushed tones tong inte the warm Egyptian night, Ardawa, having talked of many things, Nabonidus offered to leave Baiylon shonld hus gracious host wish it. Agonistes de- clined. instead offenngextended hosprtalty tohis unlikely Persian guest, and ino doing, embarkingom a partnership the would gow nt womething nether a then al ever reamed ALEXANDER In 332 BC, after almost 200 yearsas.a province of the Persian empire. Egypt became theambicion ofthe greatest fsneral the word lad ever kin A farmer pupil af Aristotle, the Maceconian warrior Alexander from the Greek fringe caine to deliver he hind oF Egypt from the yoke of Pein rule. Unlike the land's previous conquer ors, Alexander arrived with an open mindand hear, ceady and willing to embrace aative custom and culture, 3 such, Alexanders entrance was ultimately wel- come by nearly all the Cainite inhabitants of Egypt, The Toreador, wha had taken wp residence along the Medise « duringthe heyday ofthe Groeks, had suffered ‘umerous indignities under the harharic Persians: Only theirremore location —sequestered arthenorthern.tipof theempite—allowed them tndwall inrelarive pence The Egyptian Gangrel ofthe Western wastes found the Peesian tnetlopers boorish and intrusive, The Children of Osiris — believing they had things well in hand belace then — saw the machinations of the Setites hehind Cambyses' suakden conquest, Both fought to return control of Ezyptto het Egyptian childien. As for the Series themselves, needless toy, they hnd theirhandsfull with the Assamites ho had come to sce both mortal followers and ancient holdings. Indeed, looking back itssems that Persian vas appreciated only by the invading Children of Haqu and thse few Caines to whom they had promised favirs inthe time before their arrival. Inadd tonto his retreshing expulsion of the Persians (ho had done their best to extinguish numerous cher- ished aspects of ancient Egyptian calture), Alexander established a new capitol further north, the port city of ‘Alexandria, whic lsctved todrawunwarved mural atten tion away from the crowded cities eo, the south. The undead of Mennhishaad grown fatotf ofthe miseries ofthe keine, and their secutity meant more than the relitively minor ire of where Egypt's mortal government waco be ‘tdministated. As long as the Caimates were lft to tend their Hock tn the manner ta which they hod become accustomed, Macedonian rule would be welcomed with ‘openarns, Meanwhile, the kinefEgypr (whohadgreeted ‘Alexanderasa great liberator) began to genuinely prosper forthe first time in: resrly twa centuries, ‘When Alexander himself died away oncampoien; his ‘body was brought back to ery for urial in Alexarideia— the city he had huiic but never seen. Upon his death, he bhequeathed Egypt to his most favored vena, rn by the name of Pemy, Thus ener became the frst of 3 Micedonian dynasty that would rule Eeypst from the ity of Alexander for nearly 300 years Under the Ptolemies, Ezypt prospered, The Creek influence that Ind made Helopolis tong now emrow: credallofEgype, and itscapitalsoonbecame the preeminent city ofthe Hellenisric Age. The nesusef Europe, Asia and Avica, Egyptencompassed allthe magnificent qualiesof the union thot brought into colental ule... but ory in the north, Although several Toreadorand Lascinbre did emigrate rathe new capitol city, seeking bold and interest ing horizons in Macedonian Egypt, the area south of the clr vas left largely w frsowislevices,Babylontn-Egypr and thenow-forgotten Memphis were left behing, content te he seen cs hickiwaner municipalities of the empire. The few respectable scholars ammarg the Greek Toreador who Ihad lanown of Aganistes also lew of his ieliary norte and they proved cqually respectable in letting hum be, Fat this, Agonistes and Nabonidus weve eternally grateful — their work was not for the prying eyes of the Athenian ceont-schemers of the night THe Riseor Rome Although the preeminence of Alexandria brought dignity and erudition hark to Fuyp, ic also, brought tn wanted attention from thase of a ound for conquest During Ptolemaic nile, Rome had kegunt expand beyond itobonders, promoting trade anal maritime commerce with all the lands across the Mediterranea, By the fist century BC, Roman roads were brining Egyptian grains into the Eternal City om acdaily basis, The Rornans knew that Egypt was producing an agricultural surplus, and their eyes srew large at the prospects. The 14th ruler of Prolemy’s line — the notorious Queen Cleopatra —had been made a Sétite gid in the Interim, if the mamors are correct. Cleopatra certainly acted the part, usingal her womanly wiles oowooEmperot Julis Caeser and thereby stern the tide ofthe expanding Roman appetite. The affair worked for a time, staving aft the Roman conquest of Egypt until her lowers infamous ‘murder in 44 BC: Her only remaining hope was ts gamble tn yet nother love atic, this time with Roman generat Mare Antony, but when her rebellious paramour fell during thenaval Battle of Actiu,Cleopatraknew thatall hhope for at independent Egypt was lost. Antony's nem: esi Octavian, who wouldlaterbecveie Empetor Cx Nor EY]Caesar, proudly marched on to Alexandria to claim Egype ayhis persona possession. Rather than submit to Ostaviany, Cleopatra decided to take matters into her own hands, fn 30 BC), Cleopatra Vil Philoparer, the lascof Prolemy's line, locked herself tr aroomarthetopof her tower in Alexanafriaand submitved hhenelf to the bite of a Egyptian Cobra, cheseby ending Prolemaicruleand signaling the dawn of pypeasa Roman granary. Ifthe runoo of Cleopatia’s being thrall to an elder Setite were indeed true, her inscrutable regnane had Tebpines abtedonie ter by thie sis, poohapo ia fovuc of blood better spent elsewhere. Tue Patt oF ANTINOUS believe the tale goes something Ue this... Anvinows as burn in the town. of Bithynion- Claudiopolis, in the Greek province of Bithynia on die mnorhwest const of Asia Minor. Although his parentage ard ‘act date of beth remain unknown extant eaconk describe him as merkalion —a word indicating a young man of no more than 20 — at the time of his death in AD 130. Although the lack of information on Antonius’ early hayes frustrating in the seereme, his morral origins are ultirnare of litle consequence in the greater scheme-of things. ‘What isof great importance, however: isthe facthat Antinous somehaw came to be taken with (and by) the Roman Emperor Hadrian, who had assumed the throne following the death of his cousin Trajan in 117, The mose A Quesrt0n oF Lineage However shrouded In mystery the Boy-King’s nee ae Seed sto his ongins What isknown for sure isthat shortly aiter his Embrace, the youne Ventre changed the crunon ronan OR bee cae | to "Antonius." The most popular story surrosnding this doeiaon comes rom che theory Ga is sie Was none other than Antonius the Gaul, the Ventrue Methuselah who was toassist in the foundingof the srolden city of Constantinople scme 200 years ater Ieisa known fact that the Gaul spent cansidevable ‘ome away from the Etemal City during he list feo cones ore te dro of New Rome nd ig ceatirey preposterous to at peepee ‘excursions into Noh Africa during this time, Given the Bay-King’s penchant for dolatey, would farther follow tharupon being released rohis own devicxs, the bv hal taken dhe nam ofthe porno acho had send ‘himn from death and blesed him with life-everlasting. Credence frthisstance sfurchersupported bythe: Bor: King’s relatively sudden shift in mood following the asap of the Gaul in far off Conseantinople, some time inthe lave eighth century, having found no sarsfying evidence to support a eontrayargumencelther way, lTeayertheiisueas tans sind relegate the matrer to the annels of Cainte story, likely explanation for this s tha Hadrian took Antinous from Claudiopolis during one of the former's tours of the provincesin 123; theboy would havebeen around | Lor 12 Years of age at this time. Whether Antinous wav taken from his family by force or nog is net only epen ro speculation, but lagelyirslevanc as well. What matters thar upon Hadrian's return co Rome, theboy had become the emperor’sfaverite ‘Thestoryof Hadrian and Antinous isseen by manyas aliterateraetmentofthe Greek fable of Zeusind Ganymede —wanytlic sale bath great romance nl yee tragedy Aninous was the perf=ct eromenas (the boy iy a Greek. tnan-boy relationship) for Hadrian's rastes (the man). He vas tecoumted beautiful hy all hut beheld him, and eas said ro have been possesed of » keen mind and the quickest of rongues. Hadrian himself was regarded in every senseasacrue Roman aesthete— aman who undoubtedly took much pleasute in art —and would surely have been taken in by the softhur virile physique ofthe yourygCteok “The numercas statues erected by Hisdian in Antinapolis — the town erected in the name of his dearly departed favorite — certainly hear this hypetesis out Gyr Os Sos rnc Fans A Heron Coo 35Precisely what events ed to Anrinous' death in 150 is Unknown, Insimplest terms hedrownedwhilesaikingdoxwn theriverNile during Hadrian's visit to Egypt hat same yer. Most historians subscribe to a theory cf seli-sacifice in this —a.conjecture equally shared by this historian, The primary reasoning behind cur pesirion lies in Hadrian's (and thus ntinous) admiration of rrlitionsl Egpptian mysticism. The Egypeians hacla sacred tradition of drowaing sacrifices in the river as a way of influenciny the river gods to send better floo When Hadrian aera ‘ had been found wanting and the country was weathering thebeginnings ofa terible lean time, There was undeubt edly much talk of returning to customary sacrifices a! the time, fora thitd drought would have brought full-fledged famine across all ‘The fact thot individuals who drownes in the Nile tended to bedeified upon death may well have appealed to the love-seruck eromenos. By saeniticing himse' in this way and thereby saving hus Beloved's most prized poss sion — Egypt — in the process, Antinous. would be granting himself» sort of mythic immortality. Insteat of faking vat of favor with his erastes (which the passaye of time would have inevitably facilicated), he could die at his hagpiest and in his prime, only vo be worshipped in death forhis godlike devotion ard piety, The notion would ha Regardless of where Antinous true motivations lay theresults the same, On a warm evening in late October of 130, as che Reman emperors barge sated laaily down theriver; Antinoue threw himelf overboard and into the currents of the Nile THE Rist of ANTONIUS UF ic fall ite the NI mortal, aleod heer of hi life ws Embrace on its shores would mark the begin his unlife as a pod. Whether or not the Cur Caine was what the young Greek had in mind, Anrivos inal actin life — the bold and final display of hus teen site for immorality — ultimately attracted the atten tion of one who would grant his dying wish. Despite the fact that this would-be sire’s identity has been lost to history, the fact remains that s powerful Cainite was watching as Antinows gave himself to the river in the name of his beloved lord and lege, This Cainite, who clearly and deeply understood the significance ofthe boy's act, Chose instead to rescue the boy from certain death at ‘the bottom et the river Although itis unknown exactly when Antinous' site cured him with the Embrace, it is known that Antinows received an intense education from his sire in the time ater fis moral death. As ts appropriate, sire schooled childe extensively on Cainite matters in particular chacing the socom legaey of the Third Mort ways of the bloc War of tie Augen id the Antinous learned of the burgeoning nd of his clan's place in the dark new world into which he had been brought, Whateverelsecan (Co otha %be sid ofthis Camite, Anninous’ sine did much to prepare thebay forthe mance of samp malershap hefore finally taking leave of his newest chide. Much, indeed, but pethaps not enough, a you will see. ‘When Antinous was ready, his sire brought hum 10 ‘whur weuld he his new home in Eyypr; the Nile island of Rhosla, Both sire and chikle were well aware of the eowing significance of this nautical weigh-stanion, andl the island neav boasted its own permanent inhabitants a sister fortress to rhe growing city of Babylon on the funk sailor with eohE sn thea ‘an ence garsion of Ruman army reals, Inland’s new residents were soon visited by the determined pair of Ventnse. Together, sire are childe ade ghals oF those who adapted well. and quick wor of the who resisted ti lighvest. Forallintertsad fworposcs, the Ni recunding the fortes of Babylon — aswell asthe river it depended upon so heavily — now belonged to the Venteue: Once Rhoda aed all importane inbound trade routes were firmly under Antinous'sway, sire finallyreleasedchilde, and, according, to legend, made his way east — out of Africa for good. LHe Boyv-HKING Ie isrumed that his enigmatic sire did noractually dlepare Faype after leaving Antonits to his oun devices, bur instead remained in-country for a time, assisting his childe fiom afar whenever possible. According to one source, ie was he who subty iiluenced the gradual dei cation of Antonius actos Bgypt and in other provinces leading to the widespecad worship of Antonius aa lesser god —am aspect of Osiris in Exypt,an aspect of Dionyous in Groeee. Antonius’ sire was rumored to have taken up. residence in che Niles city Hadrian founded atthe site of his beloved’s death, wsisting in the immignation of skulle Greeks from the Upper Nile city of Ptoletats tn corer to ensure Antinopolis’ as well as Antonmus' contin: ses! promperitys Uni becoming a province of the Eastern (or Bysan Lune) Empire in the mi-fourth cencury, Egypt served a sesly supplicrofwhearand grainsro Rome herself Inchis, regard, Antonius served his heritage well, ensuring rhat theflowof goods into,oucafand across Babylon was never Alpe for very long Alebingh Ini power iver anil alfuirs grew into something formidable aver the next 200 yeas, Antaris won largely igrcred by his Cane neh horsastheirconcermswere of ulesspragmatic nature dat Antoniusarid The firstserious disagreement herween the Patron of Babylon came, quite logically, as aresult of the problems inherent in administrating the separation él chureh-and srate- In theory. the Creeks were brothers in Chuistianity with the Capes — those natives wha had converted after Sc. Mark fist incroduced the new religion inno Egype inthe fist centary.AD. In practice, the Greeks gathered the taxes and ran the bureaucracies, while the ‘Copts were the ones taxed as they provluced the goods that kepe the sistem afloat. The Egyptians did not mind hing inva homeland that had become little mere thin i cecupying foreigners’ imperial granary, a8 long as they vere afforded some basic human dignity, With cheaccessionof the Ror Jersan in 284, though, these tensions res patch Under Diocletian, the Copeswete branded as hetetis, ad ‘murderous pogrom exsued upen all those who followed any variant brinch of Chnstianity other than the one bificalysaniesioned by Rome. Thousands of Caprsdies as ‘result, ancl many led tan fom Alexandra (ivhere the won of these pemeciitions were taking plage) to the relative sfety of Babylon. Such individual had heaed, and rightly so, chat dhe Copes of Babylon were blested wich pation sant of theirown. Indeed the the Cainite elder Agonistes, whe hi were, inthe farm Tongince pledged ‘One of the worst calamities to befall Chirc throughout che Last two millennia has been plague. Although much ismadeofhow erppling the plagues Florence and London, Egypt has suffeted mene dev autaring losses thin any European ¢ try at the hands of its plagues. To those in the know, Cairo is atcity often associated with pestilence irself — and The first instance of Egypr's dance with the black death, though little record yer exists of jr, occurred in 542 while Cairo was suill under Byz tine tule (and still culled Babylon-in-Egypo). A terrible plague burst forth from Egypt, spreading quickly inco Syrta, and from there, into Eunape at large. Unitice its 4th-centurysuccessor, which would raged tot well over 50 yeurs, Its sveath of d ion was not considered “ower” until the yeitr 594, Other epidemics followed in the time after worst, There were at lenst 55 reeonded outhreaks in Camoberweenthe years 1347 and 1517, and over20 ‘of these were fullescalé epidemics. A noved Arab histotian once wrote of Cain that during the surm- mer ot 1347, over 1,000 Cairones were falling tothe plague every day. By the timo the Black Death had ‘fun its course, nearly haf che city lsty denclor dying, Even after this tryimg time, Egypr’s population Beg ea ech teatime ‘ities steadily grew. By the year 1800, there were two thirds fewer Egyptians than there were at the time of the Atab conquest —over a millennium before. Tagen weap a bis ‘ton Were typically hlamed for the frequency. and strength of its many bouts with pestitence, but there have always been those who suspected there might have beer something ele involved. (Gut Oe: Soe or Fas A Haron o# Co 3‘himself vo safeguarding the spiritual freedoms of the kine within hisdomain, Little changed aftertheplit of Rome into Eastern and ‘Wester empires in AD 330. Despite New Rome's claimof ‘boing a “baptized” version of its parent culture, it winied cont to he just as corupeand fraudulent as Rome had ever heen, Constantines vison of grace for his new empie ultimately served only to further widen the rift between the Copts and their Greek masters in Babylon. Antonis naturally took the Greek "side" in this conflict, offering dh Our vena where cna Ree at dist |—even to the extent of publicly revealing hirmsel in = to exert the full fonce of his aac upon the masses, Jt was during this time that the mysterious lord of Rhode became known, to hoch Cainite and kine, as the Boy-King. In retaliation, the Coprs expressed their displeasure bby exaggentiny the metaphysical differences of Greek Christianity, eventually lensing con all-out schisen bes ween the two cormmunions. The Monuphyaire Copre Church, as it came to be known, recognized it own frtriarch in Alexandria, while the Malikite Christians continued ta fotlaw ‘the Bysantine patriarch in Constanpnople, The Egyptian Christians grew to despise Byzantiumand all that itstood for, Even as it preached ios doctrine of unity and grace, the empire gave to the Egyp- tans only inequality and persceutin, Before this rime, Agonistes had acted to subdue any. ides of revolution among the Copts. He had endorsed pptience and wisdom, guiding them to reach @ certain level of peaceful acceptance in their situation. But now, after Diocletian, te levee was broken, and Agenistes watched as the Copts of Babylon revolted in long-sup- pressed anger, Although Antonius believed in bis own divine right to nule, he also respected the power that his neighbor across the tiver held over the Coptic Christians, He was lessconcemed abourwhy—in thiscase, because Agonistes, setually cared for “his" kine —ehan the bortom line, ‘which was that Agonistes was powerful and that his mary followers revered ind obeyed him. Hissolation was to divorce the two Cainire overlords: from ene another — to muumually allow that each held veietsindiferingmoral spheres —and he sent word ot such a proposition to Agonistes one night im the mic fourth century. Without ever mecting facet ace, the wo augeed: Antonius would clam domain over the Nils Teland is well the adowesiiuations tthe moe bureau racy, and Agonistes would cantinue to guide the spirituality of the kine within his own domain — the fomtess-city of Babylon. From thes on, both wowed that neither Camite would or could claim donutin (in the traditional sense) over the other. Even though hostilities would continue to erupt be. tween the Coptsand theirreligiowsoppressors, the Cainites had liryely removed themeslver from the situotion. Antonius took no pitt in these persecutions and indeed, he even acted to tum mortal attentions wad more practical and constrictive ends. Meanwhile, Agonistes continued toassist the Copts where he could, bu afered, (Caro wy Nea 8nodirecraidin their periodic revolts. Hisown suniesept him more thon occupied Jn AD 450, Agonistes’ eternal companion in study, ‘Nahonidus, left Babylon toeturn to hisownhomeland for the fist tie in nearly 9 ehousaad years. Things were simmering down in Egypt, and Nabonidus had urgent husiness to-attend co back east, Left co his own devices, Agonistes drew ever more inward. Without companion ship, he had only his own ehoughes to oecupy him... and the time to allow them fall occupction. His people were the proviewe of the Byen Constantinople, and he coubd do litle for them anymore By the time the Eastern empite hogan its decline, the Parton of Babylon was little more than a shaclew in the duet. At-Fustat Tn the year 640, a force came out of Anibia that would forever alter the face of Egypt: A man named Aruba al- A — the military representative of the caliph in Medina — arrived at the gates of Babylon at the head af 5,000 men. Much of Byzantium had fallen co che tide of Islam already, and Egypt was an important conquest in the Muslim eam. pig, Although the Copes were more than ready to be “rescue! from their Brantine oppressors, the Roman garri= son inside the fortress was not inclined to give up sa easily. tera lengthy sie, Babylon open itsgatesto the Arabs, with untold repercussions for the land of Egypt. nor inicially planned keep che capitol at Aletan- dria, which he successlully sieged from its patriarch, Cyrus, after setring up his rene outside of Babylon. When he sent word of his plans, however, the response from the caliph. wassimple and to the point: “Will there be waterberween mmyselfand che Mastimarmy?” Amel would be. Ratherthan allow this general found anes capttalin the vicinity oF Memphis, buron the east bank of the Nile—claser to Araby and divided only by sand. ‘When Ame returned from Alexandria, he was greeted by «peculiar sight: There, ina fold in the goat-hairdraperies: of his tent (in Arabic, “fustat"), a single dove had made her nes. Aime deslared the site sacred ard commande tha the dove and her breod be left unmolested. When the young doves grew te adulthood, vacating the nest oun ae, At butt upon che site the first mosque in the land of Exype. Ie would gnovy to become the center of Ams new capital, Al. Fustar — the eity of the tere. With Am’ subsequent reopening ofthe Bad Son Canal checisy rou becomes pivoral linking bridge wo east and west, Tn ki down the design for his new city, Amr established series of tribal domains called Ichiteas. This new city wasta be of canssderableste, asthe Muslim army needed enough space to provide separate and distinct regons for the various Arabian tribes thar were repre- sented in his army, Preventing rival families who had fue leds af faseat feuded in Arabia from continuing those feudsin Eaype was of paramount concer to the Amal general This plan, while logical for the new mortal eskdents of the ana, resulted in a serious conflict between the Caimites at the time: Several mortal khitis were estab: lished in the land around the new Arab ciety — territory (andkine) which Antontusand his brood had planneal e0 share equally with Agonistes’ childer i Babylon. Un. known tothem, however, this entry already heldCainite inhabitants of its own; Cainites who nowstepped forward testa dh light fon le foe niet lay lsnn carte tnfton of mortals into their domain. These Cainites were the Fol lowers ofSer. By theirown arangemens, bowever,tridition forbade either Antonius o: Agonistes! brox! from sum manly evieting the previews Cainites. Therefore, they soon greed toacknowledge the Setite right to domain in the wea around Al-Fusat,s longasthet: own traditional nights were sa respected Thispeace would hsesnee 661 when a vicious power struggle over blamiccaliphare ozeured. Ar that time, the ‘of action fr the governor of Egypewas to side ad rom Damascus. Theirrivals, the Abbasids iming descent fron: the Prapher's uncle, Abbas —had surfaced in Baghdad and were laying claim to all that Ame (among others) had wor for Unt, the second caliph, Although the Abbasids we: tepelled, Egypt was destined to fll to their ha would doa less than a cermury later Assamire Eoypt The Abbasids, using the sympathies of the Shi'a movement as well as the latent Persia at Arabian supremacy, scon tindermined Umayyad conteol enough tosparkarevolr The ast Umayyacicaliph, Marwan, fled to Egype in the hopes thar he could from ar fueling province while reuilinyg the Umayyad ugger- aut. When the Abbasid, led by a brutal general named Saleh, arrived in Fustat in 750) Murwa yet fire wo Ale Fustatand escapedta Rhods across ahoat bridge, whiehhe then burned a well The Followers of Ser cried foul ar the destruction of theirdomatn, insisting that Antonius give up the culprit at once. The Versinue had had ftele to do with Marwan's desperate move, and inthe inteteot of si between the Cainites of the ares, Antorunis dil just dat To further plaente the Setites, Caliph Marwan's head was paraded around the remains of ALFuszar before being shipped baekad to Baghdad Soon after, the remaining members of the Umayyad family were invited to a wholesale slaughter after being promised! an amnesty by the new Abbasid caliph. Only a sinutle relative escaped; fleeing to Muslim Spain in the hopes of mising support for an independene dynasty there Once Abbasid control over the Mustim empire was thus cemented, the Abbasid caliph, Al-Saflah ("The Slaughteter”), sent a governor to Eeype with instructions (Quare Oat Sosa Fars A Hse Ct »twbuild anew capital city adjacent to the charred mains of Al-Fustat. This new city, called Al-Askar ("'the Cantone ments’), wis to lay tothe north of the fist Arab city in Egypt, wlong the river Nile. Alhough several Assamites used the Abbas take- over toestablish x clun presence inEgypt,cne inparticuler —the mosteleverand enterprising —stood apart from the rest. This Assamite, the renowned warrior-poet Antara, used the construction of the Abbasid capitol to establish anew khatta where from the clan could grow strong in eypt. In addition, Antara had come from pre-Isiatnic Beoumn stock and was not perceived as a Persian Cainite byeither Antonius those of Agonistes line, Therefore, while other Assamites often met with resentment and sconce on area tesilents, Antara was greeted es ‘4 Cainite of some refinement — or a1 least the lesser of evils — rather that as an invading barbarian. ‘Antara used this perception of sophistication, as wel sshis eonsidezable reputation asa mydtc hero, co ube brush wide those of his elan who sould challenge his authority in Al-Askar. When faved with trearment such as this from both within and wichout, the remainder of the Childeen of Haim who bad accompanied the Abbasids intw Egypt soon evacuated the area. Some moved to other parts the country —the mijority of thoseea Alexandria — but most simply ecurned ro Amul, leaving Antara in sult possession of the new domain thar encompassed Egypt's cupital city. Ipn TuLun houeh Antara was hoch thomorable and fai in his dealings, the area's mortal masters — the Abbasids — were neither, The administration in Egypt began todisin- tegrate. Taxes on the province grew intolerable, inflation skyrocketed andpersonal freedoms became nearly noniex istent. The Abbasids, careless with the delicacy of the Muslire-Copt situation, had resorted toperiadicmassacres ta impose ucder. Needless to say, their so-called solutions solved nothing, and the weak succession of Abbasid ca: Lupts evennually tured Islam into a feudal empite of parceled-our fiefdoms in orderto pay their own outrageous expenses. The land of Egypt became one such property. {m1 868, Egype was offered to a Turkish officer named Bayik Hey who, ntum, dispatched hisson-in-law Ahmad xo rake coniral of the situation, Ahmed was the son of a Turkish slave from Bokhara named Tulun who had been given asa present to Caliph Mamoun in 815. Tulum’ son Wasctheatol in thehyghen teatitionsof the period, and he had camed consicershle respect for his brave and loyal service to the caliph, Once in Egypt, Ibn Tulun meved to consolidare the government and srealy the eanomy, Moreover, he rein tated desperately needed perscnal freedamswhileimposing an equally necenaary ordeeliness upon the domain. Notie ing that he could taintain trade with the Bast on his own, Ibe Tulun soon formulated becter wees for Exypt’s growing twewuty at home. After mining a powerful army of loyal followers, Exypr’s governor hogar to send less and les of the province's tax revenues to Baghcla. Fzypr, he had decided, was destined to stand on is own. In. 870, only two years after his arrival, Aluined Ibn Tulun declaed Egypt an independent entity under the religous authority of the Abbasid caliph, main hire che first independent ruler of Eaypr since Cleopatra. To con firm his new order, Ybn Tulun soon founded a new capitol just north of old one, which he called ALQatai (*the Wards"). He built many paleces and pleavune gardens there, as wel a an impressive mosque in his name at the center ofitall. Afterall this tire, Ibn Tulun's mosquestll staal 2s largest place of worship in Cairo, ss well asthe only remaining buildingothisoriginal milicary city. When Ibn Tulundied heleftEgypetohisson, Khararaweh, who hhadto resortro marrying the Abbasid caliph'sdauplster in order to maintain conerol. Sensing Khamaraweh’s inven entweakness, the Cainites of the area looked bead. Although tha Talun’s dreams of an independent Egypt hod been entirely his own, an enterprising Serite capitalized on the impending collapse of the Tulunid dynasty, convincing all hisclanmates toirect their ener: ‘ehesta wad sitar ing cheniow-tehile Al-Pastae— helt tribal domain—as the preeminent bhiteunfibieaes, And in 905, with the death of [bn Tuln's granhon Haroun, the Abbasid army invaded, leveling AT-Qatat in the pe: cess. Rather than reinstatethe former capitelof AL Adar, however, the Abkasids instead moved the capital back to ALFustot! Against all odds, the Followers of Set had triumphed. TheotherCainitesof ther wore aghast. Aftarsich ccateful negotiations on Anrara’s part, how could the Setices accomplish such a difficult rask? Antara lost mc respect in the eyes of his fellow Cainites, who tolerated his pasition as the head af the "ruling oman simply because it ensured that the Followers of Set would retpain weak. When Antara realized what had happened, hhe became enraged. Through the Abbasid caliph of Baghdad, the Old Man had spoken, Arstarn's isolationism hadapparently sorankled clan elders at Alama that they willingly allowed the Sette plan to follaw through — lesson to those who would forget that, with the Chikiven of Hagim, loyalty comes first. Exypt was not nearly as {Important ro them as it was to Antara, and they trusted that the *message" they sent would ultinsately dlesited efoce. ‘Antara would notbe humbled, however: His response was to mncite the ocherCaintes,as well asthe kine. against the Followers of Set and their mortal agents and allies in the area. He was frighteningly successfulin thisendeavor, resulting in 1 30-yeur period of sheer anarchy asthe kite spitaled out of control Rewolts hee ame commonplace and blood filed the streets of every thal khicra. Someone finally acted to put an end to this chan by the appointment of a new governor named Mohammed Tn Tough), another Turkish officer and former slave. Unknown tothe Cainitesat the time, the one responsible (woe Natvas Ancontus himself, who had planted Ibn Toughj (a long-time gi of his) within the Abbasid elite inorder to achieve his own ambitious ends. AlUkshid as ton Tough) came to be known, steed dhedispatey amon the kine by gathering together all the disparate towns, and thus the khittas, together asone city, Antonius hall finally gauned the upper In what hus come to be known as the Rhoda Proclamation, Antonius annaunced his sovereignty over dHother Camites in the area, while acknowledging their enkinul rales oo dons and Wntted eelFgoeesimuce, With the exception of the Followers of Set, the majority of Caine's childer— desperate for nn end to the turmoil of theprevious 30 years and, if truth be told, starved for trac funder of any kind —secepted geaciously. Ie was not long belore Antonius came to be known as sultan of the Children of Caine. Crry or TRIuMpH Although the 10th century saw the ciey ruled by the descendantsof hn Toughi, the lkshiditedynasty was weak, overall, andthe Abbasid caliphate'was soon challenged by a Shi caliph froin North Attiea—AL-Mutz Ledin Allah (‘Oloritier of the Will of Allah") — claiming to be descended from the Prophet's daughter, Fatima. (On August 5th, 969, the Fatimid general, Gawharthe Stellan, acrived in Cairo a hele an enormosaciny. 000 men arhisgeneral’s ndthe general had made gooduse of them. They TheShin caliph had puraver I isposal cecupted Alexandria some months before, and had now advanced upon the capital with ease. Not only were the tives sorely outnumbered, bur Esypt had recently suf- fered at che hands of ternble plagua, and the capitol city Soul ot pr up much of aig Arriving with the Fatimid army was a North African Lasombra king named Sharif al-Lam's. He had left his homie in Tunis with only a wal consortand a fervent dream of Islamic unity. Under King Sharif's guidance, the conquering Fatimid general soon laid outa plan fora new, enclosed capitol vity i the mime of the Sha caliph Gavharscity would beanexclusiveenciave af walled rl dle grounds and private gardens. (This notion would be copied some years later by the Chinese in their the Forkidden City at Beijing), King Shurif’s aim was eo tum Cairo into the center of Islamic leanning if not the center of the entire faith, where the devour-could come to lean, pray and study in peace, free from the chaos of the outside world. Construction soan feyin on the city intesiog, including the construction of the world's first university, Al-Achar, as well as many other palaces, mosques and barhhouses. Four years later, when the walled city and all its ‘wonders were completed, the caliph himself traveled to uke up residence, leaving a viceroy behind in North Ainew, Whea the caliph arrived, he renamed the city Al- ‘Quhira (“the Triumphane") and Cairo was born. King Shanifcould finally extendhisopen iavitation te the Ashura to come and partike of the greatest city in Jblam,. He welcomed all those who wonld pray inside the vallsof Al-Quhira, andevicted chose who would taint his vision offaith, He especially deplored the Followersof Ser, who befouled everything in Coico with their welsh de sires KingSharifc dream soon brcames reality,ne Suleiman ibn Abdullah himself — the mullah of the Ashirra perscnally accepted Shari?’ invitation, gaily making Cairo his new home axan honored guest of the Patriarch of Banu al-Lam’a, SALAH AL-DIN Exactly 200 years after the arrival of the Fatimis, ruletship over Cairo fell to one of the most famous figures of medieval history. Salah al-Din ibn Ayyub ("Salah the Righteous") — known to the West as Saladin — was a Karclsh warrior who hal sice swiftly in the ranks of the Syrian army in Damascus, In 1164, Sslahal-Din was sent, flong with his uncle Shickohy 6 aist dre Moundering Fatimid in repelling the Frankish invaders. The Fatimts vere already paying a yearly inbute to the Franks, and another Crusade might well spell ruin for Fyype Although initially succoutu, the Fr fenton being the first wo successfully take Egypr. he decided to invade in earnest. In adesperate attempt ra revent the Frankish army from occupying Al-Fustat sed \singit asa bive camp fiom which toassault Caito, the last Fatimid caliph ordered the southem city burned f0 the ground. Over the course af 4 days and nights, the Setite Khitea. was slowly incinerated. Its remaining residents rowel north into Caito proper, there to be tolerated hy the Lasombra ns pare ol chest dain Ir was a mastersroke cn the pure of Antara and his brother-in-faith, King Sharif The strinyement reiched be tween the twowas simple: Inexchange for Antati’s support in achieving the destriction af the Sette. domminy the Laoraba eng would agree ta open the walled eigy af Cairo to the general public [n adldicion, the to agreed to frm future suppare of one ancther in all martersas fellow Ashi Unfortunately for chem, they ditt count on Salsh -Din'sambition. After thedeath afthe Fatimid caliphiin 1171, he assumed power and immediately begin institut ing massive changes throughout Egypt. He restored the snameo! the Sunni caliph in daily woeship and replaced the Fatimid’ elaborate bureaucracy with a uninue feudal ys tem Gat give hisoficerseontroloverall agricultural hind. He then brought Frankish prisoners captured during the Crusades back to Cairo to assist inthe constmcta ew governmental houting comple on a spur of the Mugattam Hills, a massive enclosed fortress called the Citacel. This act rankled Antonius more than anything se due to the fact that Cairo's rulers had tmditionally ruled from royal palaces within his own domain, on the Nile slandof Rhoua. The emengenceof the ould thus spell an end to any possible influence he may have Ind over Cairo's ruling class, The sultan’s now advisor, however —aKindred named Jubal who bul comeroCaird Coy Oe Sasori ari Histor Co 41following Salah al-Din’s conquest of Nubia — counseled hi aging resisting the move nthe Coal ae che sultan winely Listened. More importantly, however, the erection of theCita- ‘del signaled the dawn of a new khitta in Cairo. So many people moved into this new territory on the eastern edge ‘ofthe city, chat Cairo's Cauntes soon became concemed ‘sto whose province al thesenew mortals would be This {question was answered in. 1193, following the desth of Salah al-Din in Damascus, The aeea around the Cite! ‘ast of the Amaraiee kit and south of the Lasowilve domain, was scon claimed hy the Hlsij — the Muslim Nosferatu of the Middle Easc —who had steadily been ssrowing in nuribers daring Cairo’s rise to prominence Under the Fatimid, Following the death of Salah al-Din, they finally came forward with one voice. Under the guidance their new leader, lbw Jafarthe Gulden, adescen- dunt of Tarkque— the foundler of the Hayy —their domain. would grow to become one of the most populous and inertial i all of Catto, Dawnor Tie MAMELUKE ‘After the death ofthe grat Sah al-Din, his descene tanta — thee Ayyubile — would cle hist for ony c genietations, in keeping with tradicional cycles of ession in the Levant. The last Ayyubid sultan, Malik alSabh al-Din Ayub, hud itpprsoned his brother in the Ciade! and then gone off to fight the Crumders in Syria. ‘To strengthen his power base, the sultan had sequired lange number of Kipchak soldiers from the Turkish-speake ing ates berween the Urals and the Caspian Sea. These tmercenary okt were known as Mamelses, meaning winite slaves. ‘By 1247, the Mamelukes had become a proud milicary caste — an ingrained parrof Egyptian life- ndthe sultan fequired increasing numbers of them to maintain hishold ‘vet the cave: Dy sve ane Egype was nally challenged at home by Louis [X of France during the Seventh Cru- sade, Sultan Ayvub was on his deathbed with tuberculosis and surrounded only by the Mameluke guard. His eldest yon, Turan Shab, was.at warn Iraq and his youngest son byhis second wife was still an infant, This second wife, 4 woman named Shagaret al: Durr (tree of pears"), had been a Turkish slave gitl hersell, When the sultan died, she took surprising initiative, whisking het husband's corpse from the battlefield tu the Mameluke barracks on Rhoda. She did chis co buy time, convincing the city that her hhusband was ill (rather than dead) and insisting on ‘ectulinng us nim personally. She announced to the pubs lic that it was the sultan's wish that all power be delegated toa generlissino —one of the Mamelukes — who would act as viceroy until her son returned When the generalissane of choice was dain in battle, a Mameluke named Beybars launched a counterattack, soundly defeating the French and imprisoning their king. nahouse in Mansoura. Thisgave Turan Shah the time he needed to return to Cairy and, upon entering, was con: ceeded the throne. When the Mameluke Beyhars returned victorious, however, he had the sultsn murdered and instiruced Shagaret al-Durr as sultana ‘The caliph in Baghdad objected to a female ruler, however, and she gracefully stepped aside, allowing het lover, Aibek,to-assume the throne. Discovering hisplorto remarry, she thenhad Aibek murdered, nd his Mameluke punch Tid her imprisoned widhia the Citedel. For the next sulan, the Mamelukes chose one of Aibek’s sons from another wife, who then gave Shogaret al-Durr as a “gif” to his mother. The new sultan's mother had the former queen beaten with sauna clogs and then tassel ‘naked over the Citadel walls into the moat. The termble death of Shagaret al-Dumr, together with the Mongo! destruction of Baghdad only a year later, would mark the cdawa of a260-yesr period of independent Mameluke rile in Baype PrinceorSiaves “The Cainites of Caio prosperedunder Mamelake rule ‘Aldionah itovulete were rules andpetty (ony 10 dial in office of natural causes), Mameluke Egypt is ereded vith Coro Nea ei shit empty, pecially tor Cairo. ch at the 53 Mameluke sultans who ruled Vesince 12S land 1517 eied comale blanine ma on ce tity, be it in: the fonn of a: mosque, madrassa or other Aignificant accomplishment. The result was a golden em for theciry thar was marched only by the grace of carly Farmid Esser In around 1365, a:visitor came Rhoda to present himself before Sultan Aonias at is island tate. He intrxluaad lrg as Multa Bey catningether lineage norfamily line. When the sultan’s muardsattempted to evict the Catt or is icmeriy,he made shore work of then and repeated his request for acceprance into the City Trane plat. The sultan, sccing sumthing appealing in the Maelo st es i eh Cah erreson to reste tne his perenal ite othe Nile fnlinds. At fist, the new Cut was given the tak of assuming the responsibilities of the very guards he had dispatched, putting himself at the sultan’s right hand. But over the next 40 years, Mukhtar Bey would grow into something much more precious to the Boy-King.... Until 1382, Egype was ruled from the island of Rhoda, byasuccesion of Mamelikes called the Bahar, Afterthe accession of Sultan Barqua, however, governance shifted tothe Circassian Mamelukes ("Towel Slaves") whaapted toreign from the Citadel, The induction of Sultan Barqug was carctully contrived maneuver on the part of Sultan Antonin, who hed Leng since witurayn tere and more Ines Ru Om concios Le icky eerear vation ees rad his long-time preferring only che company of his new Caicff aide had even begun ignoring the counsel o sities, Jubal. Although the Serites still held ne official domain in Cainp, the suban’s inactivity aracunted fey light forall their various and sundry depredations, and ther now thrived in Cairo like never before Inthe early centuries of isteien, Antonius had dane much to assist in the effore of Keeping the Lupines of the ated at hay, even promising special rewards t those who could bring him prot of their victories. But by the dawn of te 15th century, the Lupine poputarion of theareavwas experiencing something of a tesungence. The aultan no longer provided his eatlicrinncentives i baal Hong since ceived b ny actions hitnself in this regard Sensing that the vampiric overlords of Cairo had grown weak, de lapines rev bol, They slowly texted the bouraiesof te tolerance in Cnet util frully, in 1406, chey icon the Nile sand of Rhoda, they shugheered Sultan Antonius, devastating his sland haven completely. ‘With the death of the sultan, Cairo was thrown into disaray. Many hicl grown so used to the Boy-King’s presence assultan, they could nox even conceiveofhisnat being there. Sensing this confusion, several of Cairo’s more pragmatic Cainites — including Antonius’ few re- hwinin chiller — came before Muklicar Bey wich volicctive plea for leadership. Although he was a Caitifi hone knew mote about the administration of Antonius! domain than he, and they begged hun to stake his clin. The Setites wereun the move, eager torakeadvantage of the situation, and the Ashirra greatly preferred a fellow Muslim in power in Cairo, even if he war a Caititt When faced with this, Mukhear Bey stepoed forward as the new Sultan of Cairo, inheriting the Nile islands from his former lege and rebuilding the glorious island haven that the Lupineshad destroyed. To honor his fallen hee he granted che former sultans descendants the right. to an “indefinite” khitta made up by the outer rim of the tity. Thus, Mukhtar Bey ensured thac, while Catto ex randed, « too would Antenius memory nmediately. che new sulcan wasturied indificulries tnadiition tothe many mortal matters state within his domuin, Mukhtar Bey was immediately forced to contend with onl of the most earth-shaking periods in Cainite history. Not long after his accession to power int Cairo, rebellious childer ftom Europe began co run in blood thirsty packs, shaughtering and diablerteing their sires ina wave of patricidal rage. And when this wave finally hit Egype, ic did so with disastrous results for thie Lasombra, Although the majority of Middle-Eastern) Caissiven had the notion of filtal piety — reverence of one's ances- tors—even more thoroughly ingrained in them than their ‘Western cousins did, the Lasombra were something of an excention t0 this norm. As in all thinos, the clan of Shadows followed its cwn rules regarding sire-childe rela- tions, and it was not long before the Patriarch of Banu i-Lam'a— King Shan humsel? — was keought down i the bloody ride of che Anarch Revolt. Led by one line —a vicious Last rarneel Munthe apackof rivening necmaes broke through the gates to his palace in the old walled city. Although he fought boldly, removing every attacker's tread save that of his own chikle (wlan he wild not destroy), the Lasombra lord eventually fell The death of King Sharif mitked the enaliafun eran Cairo for the Muslim Children of Caine. Sharit’s old lly inanihn Aksdllah, che mullalsofthe Achieea quietly left the city nov long thereafter, Lamenting in a final eech tothe callectes Ashira, Suleiman remarked, "The tory of Cairo has well and truly gone.” Turxisn Cano Although the establishment of the Camnarilla helped to stabilize the Cainite situation in Cairo, other forces were conspiring against Egypt ea whole. The Oetoman ste wns.on the rise in the east, and the Turks had already captured Constantinople in 1453, renaming itlstanbul. In addition, Egypt’s economy had suffered following the discovery of the Cape of Good Hope in 1488, and the Mamelules had live several pivotal ernie routcs to the rampaging Turks as well So, athough the Convention of Thoms (which marked the end of the Anarch Revele in 1496) was beneficial co the Cainite, i¢also marked the beginning of the end for the Mamelakes Twenty years later, in 1516, the Mamelukes rode out to Syria to fice the Turks once and forall. Although theae cgause was bold, the Sulian al-Ghouri was plump nan of 18 years, and his retinue was filled with muezcins, scribes, (Guara Oa Si. oF Fri A Hs oF Ca 8oets — everthing but war-hardened wldiers, In addi- tion, the Egyptians ha heen betrayed by the Manele vernon ot Aleppo, Khair Bey, whe had struck a deal with che Ottoman sultan, Selimthe Grim, The Egyprians. were annihilated, and the head of Sultan al-Ghousi was shipped! eff co Istanbul as atrophy. Selim the Grim offered the base Mameluke altar, ‘Tuman Bey, the chance to become n viceroy of the Oxtoman empire; to ship yevrly ceibute to eanbul rniuch as his predecessors had to Brghdad. Tuman Be; 's terms was rejected by Selim: Become tm Ottoman vassal or Selly woul a nh every last Circassian in Cairo. The last Mameluke ruler ‘as, itonically, perhaps its most honorable, and he refused to capitulate, He fought the Turks with his lst breath, and had even made his way t@ Selim's war tent outside the city before Cairo finally fell in 1517, ‘Under the Turks, Cairo withered. In one swift sroke, ype had ast both tssulcan andits caliph —in indepen, dsm un its seliion — and the spint of Is people fal been broken, To a large extent, the common impression was thae no sooner had the ration aeclimisted to the ruleof one outside force, than yer another invading force rived to conquer it Yel Unlike his contemporaries among the Ashier, Malhtar Bey used the Ottoman aceapattion to hisadvan: tage. He spread his power keyond Egypt's borders, cultivating numerous contacts among other Cainltes wh vere likewise unwittingly thrust under the Turlich bs net. Asadirect result of these international assoe:ations Sultan} clually became lenown during this timeas the Prince of Cairo —a calculated move intended to please the Caitif lord’s new Euronean allies, Tue Lion of THE Levant Although the presence of Napoleon in Eeyre was a brief one (he came and went inside af three years, from 1798 LSOL), Ie-was pivotally important fer three teasoxs First, Napoleon's researchers were responsible for the Description de! Egypte — the firstcumprebensive encycl pedia of Egypt since Volney's account — which would serveas the basiafor theenming “Eeyptomanis thut wept through Europe. Second, French presence would ult ate establishanew Toreadorhittarcundthe Niles portof Bulag, Third, Napoleon's exit set the stage for the rival of one of Exyne's mest notorious figures — Muhammad Ali, the Lon of the Levant Muharnmoad Ali wasa Macedonian officer who spoke to Arabic, Originally ent to Egypt in 1798 as second command of & regiment of volunteets, he son rose f hain L801. The Turk re eager to reafirm thei row that the British ud forced Napoleon out of Egypt, and their appointment of Mahammad Als wasa major step along that pach... or w they though Between 180i and 1811, Muhammad Ali gathered othallies and power in his bid wo bring ill of his sole command. Ali undertwod that if he were t onsalidaee pawor, he must put an end to the Murrell mmythonce and forall, In 1805, he took hisfirststep. Heset # trap for many. of the dissident beys who dispored hi thority a8 pasha, tricking them into parading, down a street where Ali hid posteda hundred rooftopsnipers. His final step, the coup de grace in his pln, cook pice on March 1, 1811. Hei 00 Mamelukes toa garhering the Citadel, whereupon his seldiers massacved themail wo aman. Ina single aftemoon, Muhammud Al\ had destroyed Maanchike influence in Egypt Many Cainites perceived the massacre of the Mamelukes to be x direct shar te the power have of the prince, who had been careful to maintarn strang testo the tportal Mameluke caste. Some nirprctedt the Followers of Set in this, as Prince Mukhcae Bey had long denied them voice inhisdomain, In eisher case, Al's aggressive and cowardly act made Egypt his personal fief in truth if notin nme. He remained a vassal of the Ottoman sulean in hnit in reality, Muhernmad Ali ruled Egypr alone didin'r stop there Within n few short years, Muhammad AL's plans became apparent to Istanbul, as he had avewseepped his aes Ot Susor ne Fare: A Honor Cano 4authority in reaching bey nd Egypt to capture territories as far east ay Syria and C te. In supporting his bid for ‘consolidation over the Mamelukes, the Turks had created 8 monster who was now slipping from their control Although the Oxtamans eventually ullied wich the British tostop the lon’ stampage, the Besetheycould hope fix was ‘scompromizc in the formic a gueranteed kha vate — ‘ighe to familial succession. — for AL ine over Egypt British Occupation When Muhamenadl Al died in 1849, hiv sucecenste had their work cut out forthem, The Crtoman ailtan had granted the British the right ro unrestricted trade in 1838, and this had the ultimate effect of killing rhe burgecning industrial system in Egype, With England capable of un denrelliny all products of Egyptian industry, Eeypt was forced to close down many of its factories aud teturn to primary production. Although Al's fist two successors, Khealives Abbas and Saud, wete esponste for bringing Egypt back into the slolal community, twasthe reign of lsmail Pasha (1863 1879) that would have the most effect on the nation. Ibiaail oversaw the construction of the critical Suez Cu finally opened in 1869, nnd he comunise Giuseppe Verdi to compose the magnificent opera Auda Although itisrumored thatthe Toreadorand Ventre hind some influence inthis issue itis highly unlikely, since the prrineehad declared that any who interfered m the camp sition of the great work were to sufer the Lextalions on, the spor. Ismail also built extensively inn Central Caito, making good use of new riverside land created by the westwaid movement of the Nile, Over the coure af his oui hind constructed everything from lighthouses tw pot offices to girly’ schools to European hotel, Unfortunately for Exyps, such grand designs cost ‘money, ad Ismail ha fallen into hornible debt hy 1879. Burdened by commitments be could ct beinuty anal abvicated, leaving his precarious nation’ in the hands of hissuceessor, Tawfig. A weak and gullible man nefiq listened to his West-friendly advisors and, in so doing, allowed far too much foreign influence into stare affhirs In 1881, after an uprising in the Egyptian army, Thatig appointed a man named Abmed! Orabi as the Ministerof War only tum aroundandask the British for help in defeating hm. Thus, it 1882 Bnitish forces landed fn Alexandria, pacting an end to Orab's revolt and start- nga Brtish occupation that would persist in one form or another for the next 70 years, From 1883 co 1907, Epyprivas governed forall intents ond purpones by dhe British Consuf Lon Caonnet, tl las successors did litle t9 swage the growing Egyptian re- sentment. Inthe 1920s, Prince Mulshtar Bey surprised bis ity by instituring a panel of Cainite advisors, which he called the Consultative Couneil. Many believe ehar he Jad grown weary of aitempting to negotiate the situation all his own and had decided that the expulsion of the British could only be accomplished by u collective effrt from all the Camnites of Cairo, Others believe that he ced to keep tabs om the various sub-domains of his city, whose vampiric memberships had swelled in recent years. Cainy had seen a population explosion since the tuo! the century, which, in turn, had provided for increasing numbers of undead. BLACK SATURDAY “Thestruggle for Egyptian independence finally came to ahead on Saturday, January 26, 1952. The day hefore, Britain's commanding genera had sent troops toa police barracks in Ismailia with orders to disarm the afficers thers. When they sessted, che British blaoted thie lacks with tank fire, killing 50 Eeyptian policemen. The follow- ing morning, asnews ofthemassacrehit home. Cao huts into flames, Although mortals remember Black Sarurday ae the dawn of che Egyptian republic — the time wher Gamal Abdel Nasserand his Free Officers finally weestec control of their homeland from the British once and for ll —the Cainitesremeniheritava grisly fate narrowly escaped, The Lupines, who were quietly retuming to Egypt, had been using the Free Offices movement as a cover for their activities in Cairo. As the fires of revolution raged actass Cairo, several Lupine var parties made theit way through the ny in search of carefully reconnoitered targets. They struck during the day, incinerating suspected havensandburning Cainite businesses to the ground. Even more surprising woe the fact that their asmults continses on not only throuh the night, butchrough the twonightsfollewing as well. The Lupines were serious about declaring war on the Cainites of Cait, Only through the timely counsel ofa Malkin
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