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SEM1 SA 2014/15
COURSE CODE
EPT 427/ 3
LAB No.
LAB MODULE
PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS
LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY
1
KNOWLEDGE
REPETITION
APPLICATION
ANALYSIS
EVALUATION
SYNTHESISE
SCHOOL OF
MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING
1
EN.RADHWAN HUSSIN
LECTURER PPKP
SEM1 SA 2014/15
LAB 1
PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS
1. Outcome
1.1
1.2
1.3
2. Introduction
2.1
Actuators
Linear actuators
Linear actuators (cylinders) are classified according to their construction and method of
operation. The single-acting and Double-acting cylinders are the basis for the other cylinders. A
single acting cylinder has a spring to return the piston rod. Air or fluid is used to extend the
cylinder and when the pressure is release, the spring return the piston. A doubleacting cylinder
uses air or fluid to extend and retract the piston. Cushioning can be added to decelerate the piston
at one or both ends of travel. The amount of cushioning is adjustable with a needle valve that
controls the flow rate of air or fluid as it escapes the cylinder. The cushioning is designed to
work at the end of the travel. The cylinder can move full speed between the endpoints of travel.
This is especially useful for moving heavy loads. The cushioning allows controlled deceleration
before stop. See the figure 2b for a double-acting cylinder with adjustable cushioning at both
ends. A single-ended cylinder produces unequal forces on the extend and retract stroke. On the
extend stroke, the air or fluid pushes against the whole surface of the piston. On the retract
stroke, the area is reduced by the diameter of the piston rod. A double-ended cylinder has equal
pressure on the extend and retract stroke.
Ao
A1
Ao
(a)
Ao >A1
F extend > F retract
Ao
(b)
Ao = Ao
F extend = F retract
2
EN.RADHWAN HUSSIN
LECTURER PPKP
SEM1 SA 2014/15
2.2
SEM1 SA 2014/15
Valve
Valve positions are represented by squares (see figure 4). The number of squares
represents the number of switching position. The one in figure 4b has two switching positions.
Valve shut-off positions are represented by lines at right angles (see figure 4d). Inlet and outlet
ports are shown by lines (see figure 4e). Directional control valves are represented by the number
of ports and the number of control positions that they have (see figure 4). Normally open and
normally closed are the opposite in fluid power. In electrical terms, a normally open valve does
not pass current. In fluid power, a normally open valve does pass fluid.
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EN.RADHWAN HUSSIN
LECTURER PPKP
2.3
SEM1 SA 2014/15
Port Numbering
A numbering system identifies the ports on directional control valve. In the past, a
lettering system was used both are shown in figure 6. The pressure port is 1 or P. Exhaust ports
are 3 and 5 (R and S). Signal outputs are 2 and 4 (B and A). Directional control valve are
represented by the number of ports and the number of control positions that they have. The
simplest type of directional valve is a check valve, which allows flow in one direction but blocks
flow in the other direction. It is made of a ball, a seat and a spring (see figure 7). A light spring
pushes the ball against the seat to stop flow in one direction. If the pressure on the other side is
higher than the light spring pressure, the ball moves away from the seat and allows flow in the
direction.
5
EN.RADHWAN HUSSIN
LECTURER PPKP
SEM1 SA 2014/15
b
0
1
0
1
Pneumatic Realisation
y
0
0
0
1
y = a .b
y=a^b
y = ab
OR Valve
OR function
a
0
0
1
1
b
0
1
0
1
Pneumatic Realisation
y
0
1
1
1
y=a+b
y=ab
6
EN.RADHWAN HUSSIN
LECTURER PPKP
SEM1 SA 2014/15
LAB REPORT
PNEUMATIC AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEMS
7
EN.RADHWAN HUSSIN
LECTURER PPKP
SEM1 SA 2014/15
EXPERIMENT
Experiment 1: Direct and Indirect actuation
i. Develop circuit below
ii. Describe the operation of the circuit A and B
Tube cutter
8
EN.RADHWAN HUSSIN
LECTURER PPKP
SEM1 SA 2014/15
Experiment 2: Control speed for double acting cylinder with flow control valve.
i. Develop circuit below
ii. Describe the operation of the circuit.
iii. Base on experiment, what happen if the inlet air is control?
Push
button 1
Push
button 2
Figure 2: Circuit 2
Equipments: list for pneumatic
1
Tube cutter
9
EN.RADHWAN HUSSIN
LECTURER PPKP
SEM1 SA 2014/15
Push
button 1
Push
button 2
Push
button 3
Push
button 4
Figure 3: Circuit 3
Equipments: list for pneumatic
1
Tube cutter
10
EN.RADHWAN HUSSIN
LECTURER PPKP
SEM1 SA 2014/15
Case study
Two cylinders are used to transfer parts from a magazine onto a chute. Cylinder 1A and
cylinder 2A.When a push button or foot pedal is pressed and limit switch 3 touch, the first
cylinder extend, pushing the part from magazine and positions it in preparation for transfer by
the second cylinder onto the outfeed chute. Once the part is transferred, the first cylinder retracts,
followed by the second. Speeds for extend and retract of two cylinders are control to make the
part not damage when cylinders push it.
i.
ii.
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EN.RADHWAN HUSSIN
LECTURER PPKP
SEM1 SA 2014/15
DISCUSSION
Describe what have you observed and understand during conducting experiment.
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CONCLUSION
Comment about the experiment objective.
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Total Marks:
12
EN.RADHWAN HUSSIN
LECTURER PPKP