EE 233.

LIGHTWAVE
SYSTEMS
Chapter 7. Dispersion
Management (Plus)
Instructor:
Ivan P. Kaminow

2/28/06

EE 233. Prof Kaminow

(NZDS
(Std SMF)

Fiber)

TrueWave Fiber:
Conceived in 1992
Commercially available in 1993

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TLI: Dec
2003- 16

EE 233. Prof Kaminow

Dispersion Compensating
Approaches [1/2]
L= 1

$ 1

(Transform limit)
*
4B D " #
4B 2 D
dispersion limits span length at large B
Precompensate
Prechirp, eg chirped RZ = CRZ
Narrow band coding, eg duobinary

Post compensate
Electronic Dispersion Compensation
(EDC)
Forward Error Correction (FEC)
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Undersea Fiber Optic System

Terminal
Traffic

Branching
Unit

Line
Terminating
Equipment

Repeater

Cable

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Undersea
Network
Management
Equipment

Power Feed
Equipment

High Performance Optical

Equipment (HPOE)
T
T
T

!1

Enables ultra long distance

operation at 10Gb/s

BPF
BPF

!3

!3

!N

!2

!2

!1

BPF

Key Enabling
Technologies:
CRZ Optical Transmitter
Forward Error Correction
Dispersion Mapping &
Compensation

!N
BPF

Bergano

Chirped Return-to-Zero (CRZ)

(Bergano)
Amplitude

Amplitude

Amplitude

Phase

LASER

DATA
MODULATOR

DATA
SOURCE

CLOCK

AMPLITUDE
MODULATOR

PHASE
MODULATOR

PHASE
SHIFTER

PHASE
SHIFTER

OPTICAL
OUTPUT

CRZ/RZ/NRZ Performance
(Bergano)
CRZ
RZ
NRZ

18
14

13.5
Q2 (dB)

Q2 (dB)

22

13
RZ

12.5
12

10 (a)

(b)

11.5
1000

3000

5000

Distance (km)

2/28/06

7000

9000

0.5

1.5

Phase Modulation Index (RAD)

EE 233. Prof Kaminow

Dispersion Compensating
Approaches [2/2]
Dispersion Compensating Fiber
(DCF)
Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG)

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DISPERSION
COMPENSATING FIBER

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Dispersion Management Technique

Dispersion-compensating fiber

TX

RX

Total accumulated
dispersion, ps/nm

Transmission fiber
100

0
50

100

150

200

Distance, km

Accumulated dispersion at the

receiver is close to zero
ofcshortcourse.ts.degradation_effects.12

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Managing Bandwidth
(Desurvire)
Chromatic dispersion management and compensation
High local dispersion: reduce (or suppress) non-linear effects
Weak path-average dispersion : reduce dispersion/distortion
effects
D-

D+

D-

D+

D-

dispersion

D+

D-

distance
period

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D+

path-average dispersion

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Conventional WDM Dispersion Map

(Bergano)
LMF

HDF

LMF

HDF

SMF

~ 500 km
LMF
HDF

70m2
55m2

0.1ps/km-nm2
0.07ps/km-nm2

SMF
Dispersion

Total

HDF

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LMF

EE 233. Prof Kaminow

Wavelength

12

Dispersion Matched Map

(Bergano)
D+

D-

D+

D-

D+

D-

~ 500 km
D+
D-

75/110 m2
25-35 m2

D+
Dispersion

Total

Wavelength
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Bergano
OFT IVB

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Dispersion Engineering
For single mode fiber, chromatic dispersion
is the dominant dispersion factor

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OFT IIIA
b/a = 5.0, c/a = 3.5,
s/a = 0.35
" = (ncore - nclad)/nclad

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OFT IIIA

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FIBER DISPERSION
Profile control allows crafting of fiber dispersion
Nominal Disp. (ps/nm/km)

20

L-Band

C-Band

USF

15

Large Area

10

TrueWave+

Reduced Slope

DSF
SMF-LS

0
-5
1530

1550

1570

1590

1610

Wavelength (nm)
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FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS

Passive splitters & combiners
Directional couplers
Fiber gratings

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FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS

Passive splitters & combiners
Directional couplers
Fiber gratings

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Agrawal (2004)

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FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS

Passive splitters & combiners
Directional couplers
Fiber gratings

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Agrawal (2004)
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Advantages

All-fiber geometry
Low insertion loss
High return loss
Low cost
Low polarization dependence
Flexible design capabilities

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Applications

Filters - 0.1 > "!/! > 10-4

Demux filters - "f = 25 GHz, B = 10 Gb/s
Wavelength stabilization
Dispersion compensation
EDFA gain equalization

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Disadvantages
May require a circulator

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History

1978 - Hill -488nm

1981 - Garside - 2 - photon
1992 - Melz - UV (244nm) -> holographic
1993 - Lemaire - hydrogen stuffing - large
(10-2) "n in any fiber
1993 - Hill; Anderson - Phase mask
technology
1996 - Mizrahi - Ciena 8 channel WDM
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Agrawal (2004)
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# = !UV/2 sin $

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" = (n /c)(# $ # B ) % & $ & B

" = #n a / $
!

q = (" 2 # $ 2 )

q
# 2
= [( ) $1]
"
"

Agrawal (2004)
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Agrawal (2004)
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Agrawal (2004)
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Agrawal (2004)
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Agrawal (2004)

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Hecht

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Agrawal (2004)
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Agrawal (2004)
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The End

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Dispersion Engineering

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Agrawal (2004)
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