Occupational Health and Safety Management

for Construction

Session:
Teacher:

07
Ramiro G. Castro Ochoa

Content

Personal Protection Equipment

Collective Protection Equipment
Other preventive measures

Closure

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Remind

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Controls (preventive measures)

Shares and / or tools that are determined and implemented to minimize the risk
(avoid the occurrence of a hazardous event and / or reduce the possible
damage)

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Control measures applied

Control measures specified in the current
national regulations (eg. Technical Standard
G.050, Health and Safety Regulations in
Mining, etc) must be applied.

In the absence of national regulations,

foreign regulations or own methodologies of
the organization (including criteria) must be
applied.

CRITERIA = EXPERIENCE + KNOWLEDGE

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction
Session 07

Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)

PPE is the first measure one thinks
about regarding the safety at the job
site.
However, it is actually the LAST
measure to consider when dealing
with a risk.
Typical PPE:

Safety Hat - helmet

Safety shoes - boots

Gloves

Eye protection (glasses, goggles, face

shields)

Respiratory protection (masks and filters)

Auditory protection (earplugs)

Harness

Long sleeve shirts and pants

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Safety hat:

There are 3 types of safety hats:

Safety hat class A (General): provide
impact and penetration resistance along
with limited voltage protection (up to
2,200 volts).
Safety hat class B (Elctrical): provide the
highest level of protection against
electrical hazards, with high-voltage
shock and burn protection (up to 20,000
volts). They also provide protection from
impact and penetration hazards by
flying/falling objects.
Safety hat class C: provide lightweight
comfort and impact protection but offer
no protection from electrical hazards.
Standards for reference:

ANSI Z89.1-2003
NTP 399.018:1974 Cascos Equipo de Seguridad, Requisitos y Ensayos.

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Safety shoes:

Safety shoes have impact-resistant toes and heatresistant soles that protect the feet against hot
work surfaces common in roofing, paving and
hot metal industries. The metal insoles of some
safety shoes protect against puncture wounds.
Rubber shoes with impact resistant toes when
work is to be done in presence of water or
chemical solutions (concrete).

Electrical hazard safety shoes are nonconductive

and will prevent the wearers feet from
Standards for reference:
completing an electrical circuit to the ground.
NTP 241.004:2003 Calzado
These shoes can protect against open circuits
NTP 241.029:2003 Calzado de
of up to 600 volts in dry conditions and should
Seguridad Punteras; Longitud
be used in conjunction with other insulating
NTP 241.031:2004 Calzado de
equipment and additional precautions to
Seguridad Punteras Resistencia a
reduce the risk of a worker becoming a path for
la compresin
hazardous electrical energy.
ANSI Z41-1991.
ANSI Z41-1999.

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Gloves:

The nature of the hazard and the operation involved will

determine the type of glove required:
Cotton: These gloves are used for tasks ranging from
handling bricks and wire to chemical laboratory
containers.

Leather: protect against sparks, moderate heat, blows,

chips and rough objects.
Insulating rubber gloves: for electrical protection.
Rubber: in addition to resisting abrasions caused by
grinding and polishing, these gloves protect workers
hands from most water solutions of acids, alkalis, salts
and ketones.
Neoprene: They protect against hydraulic fluids,
gasoline, alcohols, organic acids and alkalis. Stronger
than rubber.

Aramid fibre: protect against heat and cold, are cut- and
abrasive-resistant and wear well.
Kevlar: for manipulation of sharp objects.

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Eye
Protection:

Safety spectacles: These protective eyeglasses have safety

frames constructed of metal or plastic and impactresistant lenses. Side shields are available on some
models.
Goggles: These are tight-fitting eye protection that
completely cover the eyes, eye sockets and the facial
area immediately surrounding the eyes and provide
protection from impact, dust and splashes. Some
goggles will fit over corrective lenses.
Welding shields: Constructed of vulcanised fibre or
fibreglass and fitted with a filtered lens, welding shields
protect eyes from burns caused by infrared or intense
radiant light; they also protect both the eyes and face
from flying sparks, metal spatter and slag chips
produced during welding, brazing, soldering and cutting
operations.
Face shields: These transparent sheets of plastic extend
from the eyebrows to below the chin and across the
entire width of the employees head. Some are polarised
for glare protection. Face shields protect against
nuisance dusts and potential splashes or sprays of
hazardous liquids.

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Respiratory protection:
In the presence of dust particles, gases and toxic
vapours respiratory protection should be
used.
Protection against dust. Face masks with filters
against coarse material should be used.
Protection against gases and toxic vapours.
Masks with special filters for retaining the
noxious substances should be used.
IMPORTANT: When the worker is no longer able
to continue breathing with the mask, filters
should be changed.

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Respiratory protection:
Must use hearing protectors (earplugs or
headphones) in areas where the noise level
exceeds permissible limits as follows:

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Fall protection:
Safety harness with shock absorbers and double
line anchor carabiner with double insurance,
for work at height, allows to slow down the
fall.

The anchor line shall never be coupled to the

harness ring.
Anchor points must withstand a load of at least
2265 kg per worker.

The extremes of the lifeline must be secured with

clamps.
Lifelines must be a steel cable "or a nylon rope
5/8" without knots or ties; attached to anchor
points able to withstand at least 2265 kg.
The complete equipment for work at height
should be used from 1.80m onwards.
Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction
Session 07

Work at high temperatures:

For high temperature work (welding, flame cutting,
grinding and open fire) the following should be used:
Chrome leather gloves: Musketeer type with inseam to
protect hands and wrists.
Jacket: leather jerkin or apron with sleeves, for spill and
exposure to ultraviolet rays of the arc.
Leggings and leather jacket when it is necessary to
weld in vertical and overhead positions, these
accessories should be used to avoid the severe burns
that may cause splashes of molten metal.
Cap: protects the hair and scalp, especially when doing
welding positions.
Respirator against welding fumes from flame cutting.
Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction
Session 07

PPE use and maintenance:

The use of PPE should be appropriate, timely and
compulsory in the places where it is required.
It is the duty of workers to keep it in good
condition.
It is the responsibility of workers to request
replacement PPE when it does not fulfil its
duties properly.
If being assigned to a new job that requires
additional PPE or specific training in its use,
workers shall request it to any immediate
supervisor.
Staff not wearing the assigned PPE shall be
punished.

Any questions regarding the use and maintenance

of PPE should be consulted to OHS Supervisors.
Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction
Session 07

Collective Protection Equipment (CPE)

Collective protection is defined as one that
simultaneously protects several workers facing a
dangerous situation. Always prevails before other
measures such as the use of personal protective
equipment.

Typical CPE:

Scaffolding

Signalling

Safety nets

Perimeter railings

Horizontal and vertical lifelines

Others

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Collective Protection Equipment (CPE)

A scaffold should not be placed on land, mud, grass,
gravel or uneven surfaces. In these cases, the
scaffold must be placed over a strong wood 20cm
x 20cm with a thickness of 2.5cm.
The planks must be free from cracks, chips or other
defects that diminishes the structural strength, can
not be painted or covered by any sort of materials
or substances in order to facilitate verification of
its integrity. The width of the plank is 25 or 30 cm
with a thickness of 5 cm.
All scaffold planks will be placed together with safe
stops or hooks at both ends to prevent lateral
movement, and shall be securely lashed. Each
plank will surpass its support between 15 and 30
cm.

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Scaffolding:
Scaffolds must be tied to stable or stabilized
structures with braces, when they have three
bodies or more. Generally, a scaffold with more
than 2 bodies will be secured in the 2nd, 4th, 6th
body, etc., on both sides. The use of scaffolds
exposed to strong winds is prohibited.
The supervisor or foreman of each crew must inspect
daily and authorize the use of the scaffold using
the format: Scaffolding Inspection, and shall place
a red card (if not operational and prohibits its use),
yellow (if is operational with restrictions, and the
anchor line must be independent from the
scaffold), and a green card (if operational).

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Scaffolding:
Scaffolds must be tied to stable or stabilized
structures with braces, when they have three
bodies or more. Generally, a scaffold with more
than 2 bodies will be secured in the 2nd, 4th, 6th
body, etc., on both sides. The use of scaffolds
exposed to strong winds is prohibited.
The supervisor or foreman of each crew must inspect
daily and authorize the use of the scaffold using
the format: Scaffolding Inspection, and shall place
a red card (if not operational and prohibits its use),
yellow (if is operational with restrictions, and the
anchor line must be independent from the
scaffold), and a green card (if operational).

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Lifelines:
The horizontal lifeline (steel cable "or a nylon rope
5/8" without knots or ties) attached to anchor
points should be able to withstand at least 2,265
kg and must be tensioned by clamps.
When used in a vertical position, it requires a rope
brake allowing connection of the anchor line and
its upstream displacement with downwards
locking.

The installation of fall arrest system must be

performed by a competent person and certified by
an accredited entity.

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Signalling:

Objectives:
Drawing the attention of the workers on the existence of certain
risks, prohibitions or obligations.
Alert workers when there is a situation of emergency requiring
urgent protection measures or evacuation.
Provide information to workers about the location and
identification of certain means or facilities for protection,
evacuation, emergency first aid.
Guide workers performing certain dangerous maneuvers.
The types of signals which should be present at the job site are the
following:
Prohibition sign, prohibiting behaviour likely to create a
dangerous situation. (RED)
Warning, which warns of a hazardous situation. (YELLOW)
Signal for obligation, binding a particular behaviour. (BLUE)
Signal for rescue or relief, giving information on emergency
exits, first aid or rescue devices. (GREEN)

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Safety nets and perimeter rails:

Safety nets are used to protect vertical surfaces,
such as sections on roads, excavations, spaces
requiring safe working areas, etc.
They should always be accompanied by security
tape which warn the risk of the activities being
carried out when passing the net.
The scaffold platforms shall have handrails at a
height of 1.05 m firmly attached; intermediate
rails at a height of 54 cm, baseboards and must
be completely covered with planks .
Handrails and intermediate rails are not required
when working at less than 1.50 m high, unless
conditions make them necessary.

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Other preventive measures:

Both PPE and CPE help protect workers on the
field. They either reduce the chances of an
accident occurring (scaffolds for example) or
reduce the severity of an accident (safety hats).
However there are other measures to prevent
accidents, such as:
Housekeeping at work
Working at the appropriate hours
Working permits
Training programs, etc.

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

Group Work:
Calculate the amount and cost of PPE that would be
needed for a work:
- Duration: 01 years
- Gang of concrete: 25 people
- PPE to use: boots, helmet, gloves, leather vest, glasses

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07

 Thank you !!

Occupational Health and Safety Management for Construction

Session 07