Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 10, Issue 3 Ver. I (May Jun. 2015), PP 53-56
www.iosrjournals.org
I. Introduction
PICTURES are the representation of a particular scene. Images can be of many types such as graphic,
optical, mental etc. If we talk about digital images then these are the images that can be stored on hard disk.
Pictures are the most common and convenient means of conveying or transmitting information. They portray
spatial information that can be recognized as an object.
www.iosrjournals.org
53 | Page
Step-3:
www.iosrjournals.org
following expression:
following expression:
A.V=.V
A= :m x m matrix (Gray Image matrix)
V= m x 1 non-zero vector (Eigen Vector)
:scalar (Eigen Values)
Any value of for which this equation has a solution is called the eigen value of A and the vector V which
corresponds to this value is called the eigen vector of A.
Step-5:
A.V = .V
A.V - .I.V=0
(A - .I).V=0
Finding the roots of |A - .I| will give the eigen values and for each of these eigen values there will be an
eigen vector.
Step-6: A threshold is selected and eigen value less than the
threshold are removed. Or in other words,
largest
eigen values and corresponding eigen vectors are
extracted out based on some
threshold values.
These are called the principal components of the
image
(centered
image).
Step-7: Now, based on the principal components, the image can be divided into different eigen vectors as
follows:
Where,
Largest eigen vector images are stored as principal image components and is the compressed image.
2 =
(x (I,j) )2
(1.6)
This corresponds to the degree of deviation between the gray levels and its mean value, for the overall image.
3). Entropy E: The expression of the information entropy of an image is given by:
Where L denotes the number of gray level, pi equals the ratio between the number of pixels whose gray
value equals i (0 to L - 1) and the total pixel number contained in an image. The information entropy measures
the richness of information in an image.
V. Results
The presented algorithm is implemented on matlab version 7.5. A data base of 100 pair of ears image
is prepared in jpeg format. The results show accuracy above 95% in identifying the correct query image from
that of data base image. The standard deviation and entropy are the fair performance measure based on which
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10315356
www.iosrjournals.org
55 | Page
Data Base
Image
15
20
18
5
SD
0.021
0.023
0.009
0.011
Entropy
1.203
1.142
1.112
1.283
Keeping the same query image, the processing time is computed for different size data base and is tabulated
below:
Table2: Processing Time Estimate
Query
Image
1
1
1
1
Data
Base Size
25
50
75
100
Processing
Time (Secs.)
10 Secs.
25 Secs
60 Secs.
95 Secs.
VI. Conclusion
The results show a fair accuracy in identification of the query image to its respective data base image
and are 95% accurate. However, it is observed that as the data base size increases, the processing time increases
proportionately. This is due to lot of matrix reshaping, arithmetic calculation and looping etc. The processing
time may be improved with some parallel algorithm development for the same.
References
[1]. Rajesh M Bodade, Maj Jayesh Nayyar , Shift Invariant Ear Feature Extraction using Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform for Ear
Recognition, ACEEE Int. J. on Information Technology, Vol. 02, No. 02, April 2012
[2]. Micha Choras_Image Processing Group, Institute of Telecommunications, Image Feature Extraction Methods for Ear Biometrics A Survey, 6th International Conference on Computer Information, 2007
[3]. Bahattin Kocaman, Mrvet K_rc_, Ece Olcay Gne_, Yksel ak_r, zlem zbudak, ON EAR BIOMETRICS, IEEE 2009
[4]. Pflug C. Busch, Ear biometrics: a survey of detection, feature extraction and recognition methods, IET Biometrics, April 2012
[5]. Md. Mahbubur Rahman, Md. Rashedul Islam, Nazmul Islam Bhuiyan, Bulbul Ahmed, Md. Aminul Islam, Person Identification
Using Ear Biometrics, International Journal of The Computer, the Internet and Management Vol. 15#2 (May - August, 2007) pp 1 8
[6]. Hanna-Kaisa Lammi, EAR BIOMETRICS, Laboratory of Information Processing, 2004
[7]. D. J. Hurley, B. Arbab-Zavar, and M. S. Nixon, THE EAR AS A BIOMETRIC, EUSIPCO, 2007
[8]. Ern Jeges, Lszl Mt, Model-Based Human Ear Localization and Feature Extraction, ICMED, April 2007
[9]. Mark Burge, Wilhelm Burger, Ear Biometrics in Computer Vision, IEEE 2000
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10315356
www.iosrjournals.org
56 | Page