rD0 gq

PllBfilA'e Strdy Matenials

0 The displacement error

(ea): This is

the maximum difference between the actual

sweep voltage and linear sweep which pass
through the. beginning and end points of the
actualsweep.

$YN0PSr$

(V.-Vr'),n*

ea=-"y', t-

1. Sweep voltage: The wave form which is

used .to sweep the electron beam
horiiontally across the screen is called a

v"

sweep voltage.

2"

- u',

A linear time-baselgenerator is one that

provides an output wave form, a portion of
which exhibits a Iinear variation of voltage
;
or current with time.

3. Sweep generator is also known as timebase or sawtooth or ramp generator.

4. The rate of change of sweep voltage with

Fig. RELATING TO DEFINITION OF e6

time is called sweep speed.

e)

Transmission

error (e,): It is defined

as the difference between input and output

divided-by he input when theiamp is pasied
through high pass RC.

.l---afc={
GENERALSWEEP

VOLTAGE

T, = Return time

VOLTAGE WAVE FORM

Ts = SwPep time = Trace

ASAWTOOTH

time..

Retrace time = Flyback

=
i time
5. The characteristics of a sweep wave

o-

Fig. RELAITG TO THE DEFINIT|oN bF et

,t

.v,

form are:
a)

b)

The time required for the sweep to rise to its

rriaximum value irom some in'itial value is
called trace time or sweep time.

displacement error (ed) and transmission

error (e,) is given by

The time taken by'the

sweep to return to its initial value is called
restoration time. This should be extremely
short for a good sweep wave form.
c)

The slope (or) sweep-speed error

(er): This error is the.deviation from

the

linearity of sweep speed. Swepp speed is

the rate of change of sweep voltage with

a)

time.

Methods of generating
wave form:

a time-base

Exponential charging: A capacitor is

charged through a resistor to a voltago
which is small in comparison with the
supply voltage.

Slope error (e.)

_
:-

_ v,

V.
- -r'
6. The relation among the slope enor (er).
P- =-

Restoration time (flyback time,

return time)

r,

Difference in slope at begioning and end of sweep

Initial value of slope

b)

Constant-current charging: A
capacitor is charged linearly from a
constant-{unen t source.

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Punfiflti Sudy Materials

c)

The miller

et{

circuit: An

oPerational
integrator is used to- convert a step into a

18;, Electromagnetii. ileflection

ramp wave form.

19.

configuration is a version of the miller

circuit which requires only a pulse input and

20.

The phantastron circuit : This

not an external. step or gating wave form.

constant
The boot straP circuit:
current is approximated by maintaining

*a
.
21,

charging than is possible without the use of

the inductor.
'c' is charged by a constant
culrent I, then the sweep speed is given by

8. ii; 6;tto.

1, A linear
obtained

approximately given

a)l

. Slope error (e,) =+ =: = #

sweep should have a gain of infinity (A, =

--c<

16.
11

in miller

).

Sweep speed in miller circuit is es =

Sweep speed

approximatelY gqual to

of

is

bY

c)T 9+

b)+

Bootstrap

circuit

swee+

generally

employs.

ubed

time

a) A CB amplifier . b) A CE amplifier
c) An emitter follqwer

Tr.= Trace time of the sweeP

15" The'amplifier (o5amp)

sweep

constant then the iIoPe error

l.

integrator.

caqacitor.

waYe- form and t is its

.-

L4. Ir,liller sweep is also known as miller

charging

be

supply voJqage _V is given bY,

= Tiine'constant
configuration is. used in a
base
10 " Common
transistor constalt current sweep generauon
11. .Time base voltages of hundreils sf volts
require power supplies of thousands of
,oitt, which are inconveniently large. This
is the main disadvantage of exponential
sweep circuit.
12. Emitter-follower is used in Bootstrap .*""0
circuit.
13. Emitter follower has gain unity (Av = u)

by

c) With a sweep currgnt

dt Wittr an a.c- source
2. If. T is the durrtion of the
-

The slope error of an exponential sweep

circuit with sweep voltagb V, and power

Where,

'can

sweeP voltage

a) Ttrough-in inductor.
b) With a constant cuqenq

Itc

It is similar

oBJECTIUE qUE$TI0NS

ciicuit is used to yield more linear

Phantastron circuit requires a pulse input to

generate a sawtooth voltage.

series
9' An inductor circuit: An RLC
capacitor.

. vs_
- _vs

felevisio-n (TV).
'Electrostatic
deflection is used in cathode
rai,' i,seilloseope (CRO) :
p,.ltrrent sweep is.used'in TV deflection
where ai voltage sweep is used in CRO

tb"thet of miller's circuit.

resistor in series with a capacitor'

compensating circuit is introduced to

improve the linearity of the bootstrap. and
the miller time-base generator.

used in

deflection.

nearly constant voltage across a fixed

0 Compengating networks:

is

A cascade amPlifier

,. Sweep- circuits aie.-used

wave forms for

tirire"base

bi

to

generate
use in the

CnO.

Square . b) Sawtooth
c) Triangular Q. None
a)

5.

The following sweep giqcuit is

used

in TV

d Voltage

b)

Current
@ None

c) Both-(a) and (b) 6. The voltage gain of an amPlifier

used with bobtstraP sweep

theoretically shall be
a) -1 b) +1 c) oo 0 None
7. CMRR - of an ideal oPerational
amplifier

v
*a

db

is

b)

c)

"" OxB

phantastron circuit is
1

lAl
Where A=Amplifiergain

05

i.

6.

5. b