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CapacitorTypes|DifferentTypesofCapacitors|RadioElectronics.com

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Capacitor Types
- each of the different types of capacitors has its own performance parameters and
can be used in differnet applications. Check out our list to see the best capacitor type
for a given application.
CAPACITOR TUTORIAL INCLUDES
Capacitor types overview (capacitor_types.php)
Electrolytic capacitor (electrolytic-capacitor.php)

Uses and applications (applications-uses-usage.php)

Ceramic capacitor (ceramic-capacitor.php)

Tantalum capacitor (tantalum-capacitor.php)

Polycarbonate capacitor (polycarbonate-capacitors.php)

Polyester capacitor (polyester-capacitor.php)

Silver mica capacitor (silver-mica-capacitor.php)

Glass dielectric capacitor (glass-dielectric-capacitors.php)

Polypropylene capacitor (polypropylene-film-capacitor.php)
Polystyrene capacitor (polystyrene-film-capacitor.php)

Supercap (supercapacitors.php)

Capacitor codes (capacitor-markings.php)

Electronic capacitors are one of the most widely used forms of electronics components. However there are
many different types of capacitor including electrolytic, ceramic, tantalum, plastic, sliver mica, and many more.
Each capacitor type has its own advantages and disadvantages can be used in different applications.
The choice of the correct capacitor type is of great importance because it can have a major impact on any
circuit. The differences between the different types of capacitor can mean that the circuit may not work
correctly if the correct type of capacitor is not used.
Accordingly a summary of the different types of capacitor is given below, and further descriptions of a variety of
capacitor types can be reached through the related articles menu on the left hand side of the page below the
main menu.
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Capacitor Types | Properties of...

Capacitor basics
There are many different types of capacitor, but they all conform to the same basic physical laws. These
determine the basic way the capacitor operates, its value, i.e. the amount of charge it will hold and hence its
capacitance.
In order to understand some of the reasons why various forms of capacitor are used, it is necessary to look at
the basic theory behind capacitance.

Note on Capacitance:
All capacitors conform to the same basic laws. Regardless of the dielectrics and many other new developments made, the
same laws apply.
Click

on

the

link

for

further

information

about

Capacitance

(http://www.radio-

electronics.com/info/formulae/capacitance/capacitors-capacitance-basics-tutorial.php)

Capacitor types & dielectrics

Although all capacitors work in essentially the same way, key differences in the construction of different
capacitor types makes an enormous difference in their properties.

The main element of the capacitor that gives rise to the different properties of the different types of capacitor is
the dielectric - the material between the two plates. Its dielectric constant will alter the level of capacitance that
can be achieved within a certain volume.
Some types of capacitor may be polarised, i.e. they only tolerate voltages across them in one direction. Other
capacitor types are non-polarised and can have voltages of either polarity across them.
Typically the different types of capacitor are named after the type of dielectric they contain. This gives a good
indication of the general properties they will exhibit and for what circuit functions they can be used.

Overview of different capacitor types

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Overview of different capacitor types

There are many different types of capacitor that can be used - most of the major types are outlined below:

Ceramic capacitor: The ceramic capacitor is a type of capacitor that is used in many applications from
audio to RF. Values range from a few picofarads to around 0.1 microfarads. Ceramic capacitor types are
by far the most commonly used type of capacitor being cheap and reliable and their loss factor is
particularly low although this is dependent on the exact dielectric in use. In view of their constructional
properties, these capacitors are widely used both in leaded and surface mount formats Read more
about the ceramic capacitor (ceramic-capacitor.php)
Electrolytic capacitor: Electrolytic capacitors are a type of capacitor that is polarised. They are able to
offer high capacitance values - typically above 1F, and are most widely used for low frequency
applications - power supplies, decoupling and audio coupling applications as they have a frequency limit
if around 100 kHz. Read more about the electrolytic capacitor (electrolytic-capacitor.php)
Tantalum capacitor: Like electrolytic capacitors, tantalum capacitors are also polarised and offer a very
high capacitance level for their volume. However this type of capacitor is very intolerant of being reverse
biased, often exploding when placed under stress. This type of capacitor must also not be subject to high
ripple currents or voltages above their working voltage. They are available in both leaded and surface
mount formats. Read more about the tantalum capacitor (tantalum-capacitor.php)
Silver Mica Capacitor: Silver mica capacitors are not as widely used these days, but they still offer very
high levels of stability, low loss and accuracy where space is not an issue. They are primarily used for RF
applications and and they are limited to maximum values of 1000 pF or so. Read more about the silver
mica capacitor (silver-mica-capacitor.php)
Polystyrene Film Capacitor: Polystyrene capacitors are a relatively cheap form of capacitor but offer a
close tolerance capacitor where needed. They are tubular in shape resulting from the fact that the plate /
dielectric sandwich is rolled together, but this adds inductance limiting their frequency response to a few
hundred kHz. They are generally only available as leaded electronics components.
Polyester Film Capacitor: Polyester film capacitors are used where cost is a consideration as they do
not offer a high tolerance. Many polyester film capacitors have a tolerance of 5% or 10%, which is
adequate for many applications. They are generally only available as leaded electronics components.
Read more about the polyester capacitor (polyester-capacitor.php)
Metallised Polyester Film Capacitor: This type of capacitor is a essentially a form of polyester film
capacitor where the polyester films themselves are metallised. The advantage of using this process is that
because their electrodes are thin, the overall capacitor can be contained within a relatively small
package. The metallised polyester film capacitors are generally only available as leaded electronics
components.
Polycarbonate capacitor: The polycarbonate capacitors has been used in applications where reliability
and performance are critical. The polycarbonate film is very stable and enables high tolerance capacitors
to be made which will hold their capacitance value over time. In addition they have a low dissipation
factor, and they remain stable over a wide temperature range, many being specified from -55C to
+125C. However the manufacture of polycarbonate dielectric has ceased and their production is now
very limited. Read more about the polycarbonate capacitor (polycarbonate-capacitors.php)
Polypropylene Capacitor: The polypropylene capacitor is sometimes used when a higher tolerance
type of capacitor is necessary than polyester capacitors offer. As the name implies, this capacitor uses a
polypropylene film for the dielectric. One of the advantages of the capacitor is that there is very little
change of capacitance with time and voltage applied. This type of capacitor is also used for low
frequencies, with 100 kHz or so being the upper limit. They are generally only available as leaded
electronics components. Read more about the polypropylene capacitor (polypropylene-filmcapacitor.php)
Glass capacitors: As the name implies, this capacitor type uses glass as the dielectric. Although
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expensive, these capacitors offer very high levels or performance in terms of extremely low loss, high RF
current capability, no piezo-electric noise and other features making them ideal for many performance
RF applications. Read more about the glass dielectric capacitor (glass-dielectric-capacitors.php)

Supercap: Also known as a supercapacitor or ultracapacitor, as the name implies these capacitors have
very large values of capacitance, of up to several thousand Farads. They find uses for providing a memory
hold-up supply and also within automotive applications. Read more about the supercapacitor.
(supercapacitors.php)
These capacitors include some of the main capacitor types, although there are other types that are used for
more specialist applications.
Many of these capacitors have their values and other details about them marked on the cases so that they can
be easily identified. Codes are often used for these markings to enable the parameters to be dsiplayed in a
compact manner. Read more about capacitor markings & codes. (capacitor-markings.php)

By Ian Poole (https://plus.google.com/104687638164370436625?rel=author)

. . . . | Next >> (applications-uses-usage.php)

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