INDUCTION MOTOR

OV Shashank 14D070021, Yogesh Mahajan 14D070022, Ashwin Wagh 14D070025

MECHANICAL TORQUE OF MOTOR

Expect
ed
RPM

1400

1500

1600

Load
(Numb
er of
Bulbs)

W
Measur
ed RPM

Wattmeter Readings

VA

AI

(V )

( A) (V )
3.0
2
3.0
3

1388

220

1384

1376

1370

1490

1481

1474

220
218.
1
216.
5
221.
3
219.
5
217.
2

1465

216

2.6
2.6
9
2.8
5

1586

222

2.3

1577

1568

221
218.
5

1557

216

2.4
2.5
5
2.7
3

3.1
3.1
5
2.5
5

BV

220.
5
218.
8
218.
2
216.
2
220.
8
218.
6
217.
3
215.
5

B (A)

WA

WB

(W )

(W )

3.1

-169

430

3.07

-110

476

3.1

-55

516

3.1

540

2.58

-131

372

2.61

-66

419

2.7

-2

468

2.85

-54

520

222
220.
5
219.
5

2.29

-101

340

2.38

-36

400

2.55

34

460

216

2.8

97

516

26
1
36
6
46
1
54
5
24
1
35
3
46
6
46
6
23
9
36
4
49
4
61
3

W = Output power of DC Generator

Efficiency = Efficiency of DC Generator for given output power(W)

Assuming input power of DC generator = output power of motor

Torque=Input

Efficien
cy

Power
2RPM
60

62
68
72.5
75
60
67
73
73
60
67.5
73.5
76

Input
Power
of
Generat
or

Torque
(N.m)

420.967
7
538.235
3
635.862
1
726.666
7
401.666
7
526.865
7
638.356
2
638.356
2
398.333
3
539.259
3
672.108
8
806.578
9

2.8962
17
3.7137
09
4.4128
2
5.0650
81
2.5742
53
3.3971
65
4.1355
89
4.1609
95
2.3983
65
3.2654
1
4.0932
22
4.9468
65

6
5
4

Torque (N.m)

3
2
1
0
1350

1400

1450

1500

1550

1600

RPM
1400rpm

1500rpm

1600rpm

QUESTIONS
QUESTION 1
You might have observed the intensity of the lamp (either incandescent bulb or fluorescent bulb)
reducing momentarily when an induction motor of 3-4 HP (or air-conditioner or refrigerator) is switched
ON. What could be the reason ?
The induction motor takes about 5-6 times its full load current to start and develops a starting torque
only 1.5 to 2.5 times the full load torque .This large starting current will produce large voltage drop in
the line because of the wire resistance.
The brightness of the bulb depends on the voltage across its terminals . As the voltage drop in the line
increases , the bulbs terminal voltage drop decrease . This reduces the intensity of the lamp
momentarily.

QUESTION 2
Why does the direction of rotation reverse when two stator terminals are interchanged ?
The three phase induction motor works on the principle :
A 3-phase supply is fed to the stator windings of a 3-phase motor, a magnetic flux of constant
magnitude, rotating at synchronous speed is set up.The rotating magnetic flux passes through the air
gap between the stator & rotor and sweeps past the stationary rotor conductors. This rotating flux, as it
sweeps, cuts the rotor conductors, thus causing an e.m.f to be induced in the rotor conductors. The
induced e.m.f produces a rotor current whose direction is such as to oppose the relative motion
between the rotating magnetic flux and the stationary rotor conductors. Thus to reduce the relative
speed, the rotor starts to rotate in the same direction as that of the rotating flux on the stator windings,
trying to catch it up.

When the two stator terminals are interchanged , the magnetic flux is set up in the reverse direction .
As a result the induced emf in the rotor conductors is in the opposite direction . So , the rotor rotates in
the reverse direction when the stator terminals are interchanged .

QUESTION 3
What is the reason for decreasing the speed of the motor to a very low value and then interchanging
any two stator terminals in order to reverse the direction of rotation?
The stator can be viewed as an inductive element. When we disconnect the two of the stator terminals
there will be a sudden discontinuity in the current through those windings which can cause sparking.
Also because other phases are being left alone, momentarily theyll have to carry more current in the
transient that ensues when the terminals of a phase are disconnected.
These currents will not cause an issue only if they are low in magnitude which can be ensured by
reducing the speed. This also ensures that the time taken to reach the next reverse steady state is
small.

QUESTION 4
Which type of motor is used in (i)Ceiling Fan (ii)Mixer Grinder (iii) Vacuum Cleaner
i.
ii.

iii.

Ceiling Fans: They use a wide variety of motors, but the most commonly used motors are
induction motors and synchronous motors.
Mixer Grinder: These typically use series-connected DC motors or universal motors. This is
because its operation requires high starting torque, but operating torque is quite low at high
speeds.
Vacuum Cleaner: These often use universal motors. They operate on both DC and AC power.

QUESTION 5
What is the advantage of an induction motor over a separately excited dc motor?
The induction motor requires only one source to drive it whereas the DC motor is question
requires two independent sources.
The induction motor require excitation of only one coil. Its rotor is shorted on itself and hence no
requirement of brushes. This reduces the mechanical friction and sparking as in the DC motor
Also the induction motor can be directly driven using the wall outlet because it utilises AC
voltage.
Also speed control of the induction machine is easier.

QUESTION 6
Why induction motor is also known as asynchronous motor ?
Induction motor works on the principle of induction i.e., when the power supply is given to the stator, it
produces rotating magnetic field which gets induced in the rotor of induction motor. The rotor will feel a
torque which will make it rotate in the direction of the rotating flux.
Synchronous speed is the speed of rotation of the magnetic field in a rotor. An induction motor always
runs at a speed less than synchronous speed because the rotating magnetic field which is produced in
the stator will generate flux in the rotor which will make the rotor to rotate, but due to the lagging of
flux current in the rotor with flux current in the stator, the rotor will never reach to its rotating magnetic
field speed i.e. the synchronous speed. So , induction motor is also known as asynchronous motor .