DC Motor

Learning outcomes
Able to describe the DC motor
construction..
Able to explain the operation of a DC
motor.
Able to carry out the basic calculation
related to motors current, voltage, power,
torque and speed.
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On-line learning
The self-directed learning are:
DC motor construction
DC motor rotation concept
DC series motor
DC shunt motor
DC compound motor
Reversing motor rotation
Armature reaction

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DC motor related formula

1. Counter electromotive force, CEMF or EMF
2. Mechanical torque
3. Motor power

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CEMF or EMF
E s E o IR
EMF E o

z n P
volts
60 A

where
flux per pole in wb
z number of conductor
in the armature
P No of poles
n rpm
A No of paralle path
A 2 for wave winding
A mP for lap winding
m plex of winding
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Mechanical Power and

Torque
Mechanical Power P IEo where I armature current
P
Mechanical Torque T

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rpm 2
where
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Example
A 4-pole dc motor is lap-wound with 400
conductor. The pole shoe is 20cm long and
the average flux density over one-pitch is
0.4T, the armature diameter being 30cm. Find
the torque and mechanical power developed
when the motor is drawing 25A and running at
1500 rpm.

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Example
Assume single plex lap winding, A = mP = 1(4) = 4

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Example
Let Ea = EMF and Ia = armature current

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DC Motor Speed Control

ZNP
60A
E 60A
N o
ZP
E o Es Ia R a
Eo

E
E I R
N in rpm o s a a

N E s or I a armature control method

N
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1
field control method

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Armature Control

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Field Control

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Example
A 250V dc shunt motor has Rf = 150 and Ra=0.6.
the motor operates on no load with a full field flux at
its base speed of 1000 rpm with Ia=5A. If the
machine drives a load requiring a torque of 100Nm,
calculate armature current and speed. If the motor is
required to develop 10kW at 1200 rpm, what is the
required value of the external series resistance in
the field circuit? Assume no saturation and armature
reaction.

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Example
z n P

Let EMF E a
, but n (60)
60 A
2
z P 1
z P 1
Ea

60 A 120
60 A 120
z P 1
Since
are constant
60 A 120
E a K a
When the is constant
E a K - - - - - -(i)
In the similar way,
Torque, T K a I a KI a
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- - - - - -(ii)

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Example
At no load, from (i)
E s I a R a E a K
2 1000
250 - 5 0.6 K
60
K 2.36
When driving a load of 100Nm,
From (ii)
100 2.36 I a
I a 42.4A
E a 250 42.4 0.6
From (i),

95.15rad / sec
K
2.36
60
Convert into RPM, n
(95.15) 909 rpm
2
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Example
At output 10kW at 1200 rpm, assume linear magnetization
E a K 'a I f
T K 'a I f I a
E s 250
At no load operation, I f

1.67 A
R f 150
K 2.36
'
Ka
1.413
I f 1.67
From output power equation,
E o I 'a 10000 where I 'a is the new armature at 10kW
(250 0.6I 'a )I 'a 10000
New armature current, I 'a 44.8A
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Example
Substitute the I 'a 44.8A into equation E a equation,
E a E s I 'a R a K 'a I f
' 2 1200
250 (44.8 0.6) 1.413 I f

60

I 'f 1.257 A
250
R f (Total)
199
1.257
R f (external) 199 150 49
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Example
Explain the effect of the armature reaction and
suggest a common technique used to overcome the
problem.
Armature reaction due to the neutral zone of the armature
shifted towards to one side due to the skewed magnetic field
of the pole. This is caused by the interaction from the
magnetic field from the armature current and this has
contributed to poor commutation with sparking at the carbon
brushes. Then, the motor tends to be unstable.
To solve the issue, place a commutating pole (also called
interpole) between the main poles which develops mmf equal
and opposite the armature mmf.
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