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2003-2004
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos
manglis-walkis eparqia
saqarTvelos teqnikuri
universitetis Teologiis
kaTedra
wlebSi.
recenzentebi:
giuli alasania
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
sergo vardosaniZe
1. Sesavali
saqarTvelos wmida eklesia warmoadgens erT-erT nawils sayovelTao
msoflio eklesiisa, amitomac misi samarTlis wyaroebi igivea, rac msoflio
eklesiisa, Tumca cxadia, mas viTarca adgilobriv eklesias sakuTari
wyaroebic aqvs, esenia saqarTvelos saeklesio krebaTa dadgenilebani,
eklesiis meTaurTa, kaTalikos-patriarqTa epistoleebi da dadgenilebani,
saxelmwifo kanonmdeblobani saeklesio saqmeTa Sesaxeb, samoqalaqo xasiaTis
iuridiuli dokumentebi eklesiis Sesaxeb, agreTve eklesiis avtoritetul
mamaTa ganmartebani.
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgens
qarTuli saeklesio samarTali, romlis mTavari wyaro adgilobrivi
saeklesio krebebi da misi kanonmdeblobaa. marTalia, CvenSi saeklesio
krebebs uZvelesi droidanve iwvevdnen, magram, samwuxarod, aqamde arc
adgilobrivi
saeklesio
kanonebis
krebuli
da
arc
TviT
krebaTa
ganzogadebuli analizi gagvaCnda. am ukanasknelTa Seswavlis mxriv, CvenSi
garkveuli CamorCena igrZnoba. marTalia, XX s-is dasawyisSi niko maris, ivane
javaxiSvilis, korneli kekeliZisa da sxva did mecnierTa RvawliT safuZveli
Caeyara qarTuli samarTlis zogadi istoriis Seswavlas, magram aTeisturi
reJimis dros, XX s-is 20-iani wlebidanve CaiSala saeklesio samarTlis
Seswavlis axalwamowyebuli saqme. wyaroebis naklebobasTan erTad, albaT
amiT unda aixsnas, rom samecniero literaturaSi mxolod ramdenime
saeklesio krebaa ganxiluli, maSin, roca IV saukunidan XX-mde, TiTqmis 1600
wlis manZilze, saqarTveloSi asobiT saeklesio kreba unda yofiliyo
mowveuli, dReisaTvis maTi umravlesoba araTu Seswavlili, gamovlenilic ki
ar aris.
amasTanave unda aRiniSnos, rom Znelia saeklesio krebebis gamovlena zRva
saistorio masalidan, ar arsebobs am krebebis Sesaxeb pirdapiri miTiTeba,
zogierTi gamonaklisis garda. mkvlevari iZulebulia sxvadasxva sigelgujarsa da matianeebSi eZios mxolod iribi miniSneba anda mowmoba
adgilobriv saeklesio krebaTa Sesaxeb, maTi gamovlenis gareSe ki, rogorc
aRiniSna, SeuZlebelia samarTlis istoriisa da, maSasadame, saqarTvelos
eklesiis sruli istoriis dawera. mociqulTa, wmida mamaTa da msoflio
krebaTa kanonebze dafuZnebuli saeklesio samarTali ZvelTaganve moqmed
samarTals warmoadgenda saqarTveloSi1. am codnas efuZneboda wmida eqvTime
mTawmidelisa da arsen iyalToelis mier gamocemuli `mcire~ da `didi~
sjuliskanonebi. CvenSi, rogorc Cans, aseve icnobdnen msoflio krebebis
kanonebis ganmmarteblebis: balsamonis, zonaras, aristinesa da maTeos
blastaris Sromebs, amitomac am ukanasknelis `alfabeturi sintagmisa~ da
armenopulos SromaTa Targmanebi `mefe rjulmdeblis~, vaxtang VI-is RvawliT
gamokrebili saxiT miecaT qarTvelebs. es gvafiqrebinebs, rom Tu ara
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmeba ucxo Zalebis mier, ueWvelad,
saeklesio samarTali saqarTveloSic miaRwevda Sesabamis simaRles. erT
umcires, mokrZalebul nabijad am gzaze albaT SeiZleba miviCnioT qvemdebare
naSromi, romelic daiwera Cveni uflisa da macxovris, ieso qristes
sadideblad.
naSromis mizania vrceli saistorio masalidan saqarTvelos adgilobrivi
krebebis
Sesaxeb
monacemebis
gamovlena,
maTi
analizi
istoriulfilologiuri TvalsazrisiT da maTi dalageba garkveuli principebis
Sesabamisad (qronologiurad da sistematurad), amasTanave, nakvlevis Sejereba
msoflio saeklesio samarTlis Tanamedrove donesTan, SesaZleblobis
farglebSi. ivane javaxiSvilis aRniSvniT, samarTlis sferoSi momuSave unda
iyos istorikos-filologosi da amasTanave unda hqondes specialuri
iuridiuli ganaTleba, amitomac Cven, viTarca mxolod istorikosi da ara
iuristi, ufro metad vixilavT saeklesio krebebs istoriul-filologiuri
TvalTaxedviT da naklebad vexebiT maT dogmatikur-kanonikuri mxriv, Tumca
ki mogvaqvs uxvi masala mis Sesaxebac. amasTanave, 20-ze meti wlis manZilze
Cemi episkoposobis dros, rogorc eparqiaSi, ise wmida sinodSi xSiri Sexeba
mqonda
saeklesio-kanonikur
samarTalTan,
am
praqtikulma
saqmianobam
cotaodnad gaamdidra Cemi codna am sferoSi. vloculobT, raTa Semdgom
Taobas, ufro metad daxelovnebuls iuridiul sferoSi, Cveni naSromi
gamoadges, viTarca erTi safexuri ufro maRal simaRleze asasvlelad.
gamokvlevis
sagani.
istoriulad
saqarTvelos
adgilobrivi
eklesiisaTvis
savaldebuloa
msoflio
sayovelTao
eklesiis
mier
SemuSavebuli
sakanonmdeblo
Zeglebi,
amitomac
qarTuli
saeklesio
samarTali, erTi mxriv, umTavresad msoflio eklesiis kanonmdeblobas
emyareba da misi saeklesio kanonmdeblobis saTaves msoflio krebebi
Seadgens, meore mxriv ki, aseTs warmoadgens saqarTvelos adgilobrivi
krebebi, rogorc ivane javaxiSvili uwodebda _ `adgilobiTi krebani~2.
Cveni gamokvlevis sagans warmoadgens saqarTvelos adgilobrivi krebebi.
rogorc aRiniSna, saqarTvelos eklesiis, viTarca saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis
saeklesio organizaciis oficialurad arsebobis Teqvsmeti saukunis manZilze,
mravali kreba unda mowveuliyo. kanonikuri samarTali iTvaliswinebda
weliwadSi ramdenime saeklesio krebis mowvevas, Tumca mas sxvadasxva
Sesabamis konkretul mizezTa gamoc iwvevdnen. miuxedavad mowveul krebaTa
` -
~18.
ganvixiloT `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~ (teqsti gamosca da
gamokvleva daurTo daviT furcelaZem, Tb., 1964). qarTl-kaxeTis bolo mefis,
giorgi XII-is brZanebiT, mis vaJs, daviT batoniSvils moqmedi samarTlis
mosawesrigeblad daevala Seedgina samarTlis wigni, romelic wodebulia
viTarca `samarTali batoniSvilis daviTisa~. esaa XVIII-XIX saukuneTa mijnaze
Sedgenili Zegli, Sedgenili imdroindeli rusuli samarTlis Zeglebis
gaTvaliswinebiT.
daviT batoniSvilis samarTali saqarTvelos eklesiisa sasuliero pirebis
mimarT moiTxovs pativiscemas, rasac Sesabamisad asabuTebs kidec, kerZod 149-e
muxlSi
naTqvamia
`qveyana
Cveni
Soris
warmarTTa
ars
mdebare,
romlisaTvisca xams yovelTa samRvdeloTa pativiscema~19; batoniSvili
daviTi iyo eklesiisa da sarwmunoebis moyvaruli, keTilmorwmune. zrunavda
eklesiis gaZlierebisa da ayvavebisaTvis, rac aisaxa kidec misi samarTlis
muxlebSi. mease muxlSi naTqvamia: `eklesia aris gvirgvini mefisa da dideba
da wyaro yovlisa bednierebisa, da gaaxlebuli kacisa RvTisa Tana, da
mpoebeli bednierebisa viTarca dausrulebelsa mas saukunesa, egreTve
dasrulebadsaca amas, amisaTvis xams, romel mefeTagan da erTa iyos
pativcemul da didebul~20.
eklesia bednierebis wyaroa, rogorc am wuTisofelSi (`dasrulebadsa amas
saukunesa~), ise im qveynad. daviTi wuxs, rom saqarTvelos eklesia TiTqmis
`dacemisadmi miwevnul ars~ imis gamo, rom `arca mefeTa, arca TavadTa,
aznaurTa da glexTa aqunda misadmi zrunva~, ufro metic, ersa Tu bers mis
mimarT guli gagrilebuli aqvs, amitomac arian kidec damdablebuldaglaxakebulni, TviT meurveebi Zarcvavdnen (`krexden~) eklesiebs da
saeklesio qonebas aZlevdnen TavianT naTesavebsa da aznaurebs. amis
mxilvelio, wers batoniSvili daviTi, `aRvityine SuriTa~ (e.i. vinebe), raTa
samociqulos wesdebis msgavsad Semedgina saeklesio wesdeba, raTa eklesia
daubrundes Tavis Zvel didebas, rogorc hqonda Cveni winaprebis droso.
daviTi miiCnevs, rom episkoposTa raodenoba unda Semcirdes, radganac
maTi siWarbe aglaxakebs eklesias. saqarTveloSi mravali episkoposia, wers
daviTi, magram maT ara hyavT imdeni mrevli, ramdenic episkoposebs unda
hyavdeT saerTod. `ese ars pirveli mizezi daglaxakebisa eklesiisa~ imis gamo,
rom maT gasavals Semosavali ver eTanxmeba, `ara Sesworebis~, xolo Tu
episkoposi daglaxakda (e.i. gaRaribda), es ar ekadreba mis xarisxsa da
Rirsebas, Tu Tavisi Rirsebis Sesabamisad moiqceva, misi Semosavali amas ver
gawvdeba, amitomac gadavwyviteT, rom saqarTveloSi (gulisxmobs qarTlkaxeTs) sul oTxi episkoposi eyolebaT, maT gauCndebaT ufro meti samwyso da
TavianTi xarisxis Sesabamisad moiqcevian, maTi movaleoba aris qadageba
saxarebisa, warmarTTa moqceva, radganac isini arian eris moZRvarTa Tavni21.
sxvaTaSoris, TiTqmis saukunis Semdeg kaTolikos-patriarq kalistrates
piriqiT miaCnda, rom saqarTveloSi episkoposTa ricxvi usaTuod unda
gazrdiliyo, raTa maTi swavleba da madli mrevlamde misuliyo22. marTlac,
XIX s-Si eparqiaTa gauqmebam mZime sarwmunoebrivi Sedegi gamoiRo23.
memkvidreobiT
gadadioda
mamidan
Svilze
(mag.,
jvarTmtvirTveloba,
mouravoba, xSirad `karis dekanozoba~, kandelakoba da sxv).
`sasuliero
wodebas
samoqalaqo
da
samxedro
funqciebic
epyra.
magaliTad, Tbileli aTanase `naibadaa~ wodebuli, grigol wurwyabeli
episkoposi erisTavicaa e.i. olqis ufrosi. erisTavia saba mtbevaric...
glonoqor mTavarepiskoposi erisTavadac iyo `barzabod pitiaxSisagan qarTls
da hereTs~. amaSi kidev ufro gvarwmunebs Wyondidelis Tanamdeboba...
WyondidelobaSi, rogorc fokusSi, Tavmoyrilia saeklesio, samoqalaqo da
samxedro moxeleoba... vaxuStis azriT, `misi xelisani iyvnen qvriv-obolni,
Sewuxebulni da SeWirvebulni. es iuwyebda amaTTa yovelsave mefesa. eseve iyo
mwignobarTuxucesi. ese miscemda mefisagan brZanebasa eklesia-monasterTa da
laSqarTa mowvevad da maTTa samWirnoTa moxsenebad mefesa~. erT sabuTSi
Wyondideli ixsenieba rogorc `patroni~, `proto upertimosi~ da `vazirTa
yovelTa upirvelesi~.
Wyondideli
sasaxlis
ministricaa,
ganaTlebisac
da
samxedroc.
Wyondideli pirveli kaci iyo mefisa da kaTalikosis Semdeg... Wyondideli
sasaxleSi Sinauria, rogorc sasaxlis ministri. es iqidan Cans, rom axal
wels igi yvelaze adre ulocavda mefes da yoveli krizisis dros mefe
pirvelad
Wyondidels
ekiTxeboda.
Wyondidels
xmalic
ertya
da
132
sardlobda~ .
m. kelenjeriZis TvalsazrisiT, `eklesia Zlieri samxedro organizacia iyo
da did monawileobas iRebda samSoblos dacvis saqmeSi... omSi midiodnen
kaTalikosic, episkoposic da saeklesio ymebic. saba mtbevari episkoposi omSia
laSqriT, malaqia gurieli jiqeTSi gahyva mTavrebs saomrad, maqsime
jumaTelma afxazebi daamarcxa erkeTSi, Wyondidels xmali ekida, Tumca
`ridebiTa monazonebisaiTa ara ixada xrmali~133. mroveli episkoposi
avaliSvili 1624 wlis marabdis brZolaSi monawileobda Tavisi droSiTa da
laSqriT. brZolis win episkoposma miugo jars: `dRes brZola aris
sarwmunoebisa da qristes mcnebisa da ara mxolod Cem zeda, amisTvis ara vyo,
ukeTu uwinares Tqvensa ara davTxio sisxli Cemi maxvilis amRebman~,
saspaspeto droSa hqonda bodbelsa da nekreselsac. yvelaze mniSvnelovani
samxedro roli rusTvels eniWeboda, episkoposebSi zogi mTavarsardlobda,
zogic mTavarsardlis droSis qveS idga. ase rom, zog episkoposs sxva
episkoposebi Tavis droSis qveS hyavda, rogorc generals oficrebi.
rusTveli mTavarsardlobda. mas saolqo droSa hqonda, igi qiziyis mouravis
toli iyo, iseTive droSa hqonda133. m. kelenjeriZe ixilavs sul 5 saeklesio
krebas (anCis, javaxeTis, ruis-urbnisis (1103), XVI s. imereTis, goris (17551756)134.
qarTuli
samarTlis
istoriis
SeswavliT
gansakuTrebiT
iyo
dainteresebuli niko mari, `saxelmoxveWil akademikoss ganzraxuli hqonda
moemzadebina saTanado specialisti saeklesio samarTlis ganxriT~135. niko
mari monawileobas iRebda im saeklesio `winaswar sakrebulos~ sxdomaSi, 1906
wlis 1 dekembers, romelsac xelewifeboda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
Sesaxeb kompetenturi azris gamoTqma.
sxdomas eswrebodnen umaRlesi sasuliero pirebi, saeklesio istoriisa da
saeklesio
samarTlis
specialistebi
arqiepiskopos
nikandris
TavmjdomareobiT. krebas eswreboda imereTis episkoposi leonide, mogilevis
grigol
xanZTelma
guaram
mamfalis
survilis
winaaRmdeg
arsenis
kaTalikosad datoveba. beri saba iSxneli bagrat kurapalatis mier weriliT
dabarebuli urCobas iCens da ar cxaddeba mis winaSe... da mxolod mas Semdeg,
rac saba iSxneli grigol xanZTelis baraTTan erTad xelmwifis meore
ustars Rebulobs, cxaddeba mis winaSe. sasuliero pirebi, araiSviaTad,
saeklesio xelisuflebis saxelmwifo xelisuflebis winaSe upiratesobasac ki
usvamdnen xazs. isini TiTqos Teoriuladac asabuTebdnen samRvdeloebis
upiratesobas saero mTavrobasTan SedarebiT, magram saganTa logikis ZaliT
iZulebulni iyvnen saero xelisuflebasTan konfliqtebs moridebodnen~141.
n. maris azriT, bizantiis kanonmdebeli imperatoris, basili pirvelis (867886) mowiwebiTi damokidebuleba saerTod qarTuli eklesiisadmi da, kerZod,
wmida ilarion qarTvelisadmi imiT yofila gamowveuli, rom basili pirveli
diofiziti somexi iyo, am xanebSi ki somexi marTlmadideblebi mcxeTis
taxtis xelqveiTni iyvnen141, sinamdvileSi ki basili imperatori qarTul
eklesiasa da ilarion qarTvels pativs miagebda maTi siwmidisa da qristes
mcnebebis erTgulebis gamo, rogorc es marTlmadidebel imperatorebs
ekadrebodaT. man kargad icoda saqarTvelos monastrebis wesisa da kanonis
damdeb wmida ilarion qarTvelis sulieri Zliereba, madlmosileba. Tumca
isicaa SesaZlebeli, rom eTnikuri warmoSobiT imperatori basili pirveli
qarTveli iyo da mas romelime wyaro grigol bakurianis Zis msgavsad
`somexs~ uwodebda. miT umetes, rom imperatori basili I Tavis Svilebs
qarTul enas aswavlida ilarion qarTvelis `cxovrebis~ Tanaxmad142. ilarion
qarTvelis mowafe qarTvel berebs imperatorma basilim `mohgvara orni Zeni
Tvisni leon da aleqsandre da hrqua: `aswaveT amaT enai da wigni Tqueni!~142
rogorc cnobilia,
basilis Svili leon brZeni Semdgom foti patriarqma
aRzarda.
n.
maris
mixedviT,
`patriarqis
wodeba
qarTveli
kaTalikosis
titulaturaSi maSin Cndeba, rodesac misi iurisdiqcia gafarTovda da
gavrcelda dasavleT saqarTvelosa da didi somxeTis marTlmadideblur
eparqiebze. somxuri marTlmadidebluri eparqiebi uSualod mcxeTis patriarqs
emorCilebodnen. amave dros maTi gansakuTrebuli interesebis damcvelad
mcxeTis kaTalikosTan sapatio adgilze zis specialuri sasuliero moxele
mitropolitis wodebiT, romelic didi somxeTis sulieri moTavea~143. rac
Seexeba dasavleT saqarTvelos, n. maris azriT, mTeli saqarTvelos
gaerTianebis Semdeg mcxeTis kaTalikoss afxazeTis kaTalikosTan SedarebiT
garkveuli upiratesoba eniWeboda. amasTan dakavSirebiT n. mari miuTiTebda,
rom is, rogorc es 1020 wlis cnobili dokumentidan Cans, `mama kaTalikosad~
iwodeboda. sazeimo dReebSi mcxeTis kaTalikosis Semdeg meore sapatio
adgili
Wyondidels,
xolo
mesame
didi
somxeTis
mitropolits
ganekuTvneboda~143.
n. maris mixedviT, is, rom qarTul eklesias hyavda Tavisi kaTalikosi,
maCvenebelia eklesiis avtokefalobisa144. e. i. IX s-Si qarTuli eklesia
avtokefaluri iyo. ufro adre ki (gulisxmobs VII-VIII ss) bizantiuri
saeklesio samarTlis normebis Sesabamisad kidev erTxel miiRo Tavisi
damoukideblobis dadastureba antioqiisagan145.
nawili I.
saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi
Tavi I.
saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi mTlianad aris gamomavali
msoflio eklesiis samarTlis saerTo wyarodan, amitomac zogadad SevexebiT
maT. movitanT vrcel amonaridebs ukanasknel dros gamocemuli qarTuli da
rusuli saeklesio literaturidan. samarTlis wyaroebs yofen or mTavar
jgufad. pirvelSi igulisxmeba pirebi da institutebi, romelTac Seqmnes
samarTlis normebi, meore ki warmoadgens dokumentebsa da Zeglebs,
romlebSic gadmocemulia aRniSnuli normebi.
axali aRTqmis, anu qristianuli eklesiis samarTali efuZneba eklesiis
mowyobis da saeklesio wesrigis SenarCunebis Sesaxeb wmida werilSi
gadmocemul ieso qristes swavlebas.
qristes mcnebebi warmoadgens eklesiis swavlebisa da cxovrebis
qvakuTxeds. ufalma daadgina saeklesio naTlobis saidumlo (mT. 28, 19),
evqaristiis saidumlo (luka 22, 19), sinanulis saidumlo da mociqulTa mier
codvaTa axsnis ufleba (mT. 18,18), macxovarma mianiWa samRvdeloebas ufleba
ecxovra samwysos xarjiT (luka 10, 7). qristem daawesa swavleba qorwinebis
Sesaxeb (mT. 19, 5-6, 9), mianiWa ufleba eklesias mosamarTleobisa Semcode
Zmebis mimarT (mT. 18, 15-17), dagvitova mcneba saxelmwifo xelisuflebasTan
Cveni damokidebulebis Sesaxeb (mT. 22,21).
manZilze
jiutad
amaRlebas~230
ewinaaRmdegebodnen
konstantinopolis
kaTedris
unda vifiqroT, rom iqamde qarTul eklesiaSi arsebuli Zveli saeklesiosamarTlebrivi kodeqsebi mouxmareblobisa da gadauwerlobis gamo TandaTan
amoRebul iqna xmarebidan da amdenad, ver moaRwia Cvenamde.
6. kanonTa ganmartebani, aristine, zonara, balsamoni. bizantiuri
epoqis saeklesio samarTlis damaxasiaTebeli niSania adre gamocemuli
kanonebis ganmartebani. kanonebis ganmartebebs berZeni iuristebi uwodeben
sqolioebs, xolo laTinebi glosebs.
Tavdapirvelad, sqolioebs werdnen xelnawerTa areebze. maT hqondaT
SeniSvnebisa da ganmartebebis xasiaTi calkeuli sityvisa Tu kanonebis
zogierTi adgilisaTvis. TandaTanobiT zogierTi Zveli sqolio Seitanes
samarTlis teqstSi anda TviTon gadaiqcnen TavisTavad kanonad.
aleqsi aristine eladeli iyo, miiRo iuridiuli ganaTleba, eWira maRali
samoqalaqo Tanamdeboba. konstantinopolSi miiwvia imperatorma ioane
komnenosma diakonobasTan erTad man daiWira umaRlesi saxelmwifo
Tanamdebobani nomofilaqsisa, da bolos, saeklesio Tanamdeboba _
sapatriarqo eklesiis didi ekonomosisa. gardaicvala 1166 wlis Semdeg.
imperatoris davalebiT ioane aristinem Seadgina kanonikuri `sinopsisis~
ganmartebani (daaxl. 1130 wels).
ioane zonara cnobili bizantieli kanonisti, cxovrobda imperatorTa:
aleqsis da ioanes dros. eWira didi saxelmwifo Tanamdebobani, col-Svilis
sikvdilis Semdeg berad aRikveca. dawera sxvadasxva Txzuleba, maT Soris
fotis `nomokanonis~ `sintagmis~ ganmarteba (daaxl. 1142 wlis Semdeg).
nomokanonis pirveli nawilis ganmarteba ar moucia (es nawili Seicavs
eklesiis Sesaxeb samoqalaqo kanonebs).
Teodor balsamoni iyo XII saukunis yvelaze avtoritetuli kanonisti.
daibada konstantinopolSi. imperator manuilis dros eWira sapatriarqo
nomofilaqsisa da xartofilaqsis Tanamdebobani. 1193 wels aiyvanes antioqiis
patriarqis taxtze, magram am dros antioqia jvarosnebs eWiraT, amitom
balsamons ar dautovebia konstantinopoli. es iyo imperator isaak angelosis
dros.
nikita xoniatis TqmiT, imperatori isaak angelosi dahpirda balsamons,
rom
konstantinopolis
patriarqis
kaTedraze
gadaiyvanda
antioqiis
patriarqis kaTedridan, Tuki igi am aqtis damamtkicebel ganmartebebs
Seadgenda. Sesabamisi ganmarteba balsamonma gadasca episkoposTa krebas,
magram
aRmoCnda,
rom
es
sabuTi
imperators
esaWiroeboda,
raTa
konstantinopolis kaTedraze gadmoeyvana misTvis sasurveli ierusalimeli
patriarqi dosiTeosi239.
(imperators SeeZlo sapatriarqo taxtze aeyvana misTvis sasurveli piri
anda
gadmoeyvana
sxva
kaTedridan.
konstantinopolis,
aleqsandriis,
ierusalimis, antioqiis sapatriarqoebi erT eklesias Seadgendnen erTi
`saeklesio wesierebis uzenaesi mcveliT~ (e.i. imperator-TaviT) da zogjer
saerTo sinodiT _ krebiT).
balsamonma miiRo davaleba, Seedgina mTliani `ToTxmettitulovani
nomokanonis~ ganmartebebi da ara mxolod `sintagmisa~. am droisaTvis
miiCneoda, rom `nomokanonSi~ Sesul iustinianes kanonebsa da im dros
bizantiaSi moqmed kanonmdeblobas Soris, romelic Sesuli iyo `basilikebSi~,
ar iyo Sesatyvisoba.
Tavi II.
1. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis pirveli qarTuli Targmanebi
saeklesio samarTali saeklesio-administraciuli mmarTvelobis sferoSi
garkveul cvlilebebs ganicdida epoqaTa Sesabamisad. sxvagvari iyo is
nikeamdeli da aseve qalkedonamdeli eklesiebisaTvis, sxvagvaria is e.w.
`axali
eklesiebisaTvis~
(igulisxmeba
is
eklesiebi,
romelnic
konstantinopolis wiaRidan gamovidnen da misgan miiRes avtokefalia. esenia,
ruseTis, bulgareTis, rumineTisa da sxva `axali~ eklesiebi).
nikeas I msoflio krebamde arsebuli eklesiebi erTmaneTis mimarT
damoukidebelni iyvnen da imarTebodnen mociqulTa 34-e kanonis Sesabamisad.
nikeamdeli eklesiebis es damoukidebuleba I, II da III msoflio krebebma ar
SezRudes, magram qalkedonis msoflio krebis Semdeg man garkveuli
cvlilebebi ganicada. am dros moxda eklesiaTa gaerTianeba avtokefaluri
gavlenis qveS iyo, amitomac deda eklesiis mrevlis dacvis mizniT, eqvTimem
Tavis sjuliskanonSi mravali cnoba, miTiTeba da kanoni Seitana im wesebis
Sesaxeb, romelnic somxur eklesiaSi iyo miRebuli, magram sinamdvileSi ki
mwvaleblobas warmoadgenda, kerZod, monofizituri xasiaTisas266. k. kekeliZis
sityviT eqvTimem gadmosaTargmn kanonikur ZeglTa Soris SearCia isini,
romelTac praqtikuli, yoveldRiuri mniSvneloba hqonda267.
`mcire sjuliskanoni~ gamosacemad moamzada elguja giunaSvilma. X s.
bolos eqvTime mTawmidelis mier Sedgenili `mcire sjuliskanoni~ e.
giunaSvilis mier miiCneva qarTuli klasikuri kanonikuri mwerlobis saTaved.
igi eqvTime mTawmidels Seudgenia berZnuli kanonikuri mwerlobis sxvadasxva
wyaros mixedviT. saqarTvelos saeklesio praqtikaSi farTod gamoiyeneboda.
es kanonikuri krebuli Tavisi SedgenilobiT originaluri da erTaderTia
qristianuli eklesiis samarTlis istoriaSi. misi msgavsi Sedgenilobis
krebuli ar icis arc erTi qveynis saeklesio samarTlis istoriam. `mcire
sjuliskanoni~ oTxi nawilisagan Sedegeba: 1. `wesi da gangeba da
rCuliskanoni meequsisa krebisa~; 2. kanonni SecodebulTani; 3. kanonni dRiTidReTa cTomisani; 4. Zegliswera sarwmunoebisa. eqvTime mTawmidels es
krebuli 1005 wlamde Seudgenia268.
e. giunaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, wmida eqvTime mTawmidelis kanonikuri
krebulis pirvel nawils warmoadgens trulis 692 wlis krebis kanonebi,
krebulSi is wodebulia VI msoflio krebis kanonebad. krebulis meore
nawilia
SecodebulTa
kanonebi,
konstantinopolis
patriarqis
ioane
mmarxvelis (582-595) Sroma, Tumca specialistebis TvalsazrisiT es kanonebi
VIII s. bolosa da X saukunis Sua aRmocenda269. krebulis mesame nawils
qarTul samecniero literaturaSi basili didis kanonebi Seerqva, Tumca e.
giunaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, es kanonebi IX s. Semdeg aRmocenda da X s-Si
sakmaod yofila gavrcelebuli saRvTismetyvelo praqtikaSi. krebis IV nawili
qarTul samecniero literaturaSi iwodeboda VII msoflio krebis kanonebad.
e. giunaSvilis TvalsazrisiT, es Secdomaa, sinamdvileSi es nawili
warmoadgens 843 wlis konstantinopolis adgilobrivi krebis `sarwmunoebis
Zeglisweras~270.
`rogorc eqvTimes krebulidan Cans, somex-qarTvelTa saeklesio dava am
dros isev ZalaSia~271, es sakiTxi eqvTimes krebulis kanonebSic aisaxa.
magaliTad `wesi da gangeba da rCuliskanoni mequsisa krebisa~-s 68-e muxlSi,
kerZod, naTqvamia - `queyanasa mas somxeTisasa wmidaTa da patiosanTa xatTa
gamosaxvasa ara Seiwynarebdnen, rameTu urCuloman man petros mkawvrelman
viTaca `saCecari~ aswava, egreTve eseca boroti wvalebaT sadme maT Soris
dasTesa~272. 72-e muxlis mixedviT, `gveuwya viTarmed queyanasa somxiTisasa
saklvelTa dahklven, locvarsa da xorcsa mas SeiReben eklesiad da miscemen
mRvdelTa nawilsa wesisa misebr Zuelisa rCulisa, viTarca iqmodes huriani,
xolo ese wesi gareSe ars wesTagan kaTolike eklesiisa~273. rogorc
cnobilia, msgavsi Cveva saqarTveloSi, gansakuTrebiT mTianeTSi, amJamad
arsebobs (Tumca xorci eklesiaSi ar SeaqvT), safiqrebelia, rom es Cveva
gadmonaSTia I-IV saukuneebSi arsebul pirvelqristianul, e.w. iudauri
qristianuli wesebisa. varaudia gamoTqmuli (T. mgalobliSvili), rom I-IV
saukuneebSi CvenSi, ise rogorc aRmosavleTis qveynebSi (siria, somxeTi, mcire
`didi
sjuliskanonis~
Zveli
qarTuli
redaqciis
teqsti
zemoT
miTiTebuli SedgenilobiT, gadmoRebuli axal qarTulze, gamoqveynebulia
1987 wlis saeklesio kalendarSi.
melqisedek kaTalikosi Tavis `dawerilSi~ (1031/1033 ww.) Senawir wignTa
Soris asaxelebs wigns - `Sjuliskanoni axali~283. k. kekeliZe mas axlad
gadaweril sjuliskanonad miiCnevs.
iv. surgulaZe284 miiCnevs, rom `didi sjuliskanoni (XI-XII saukuneebis
mijna) naTargmnia arsen iyalToelis mier. nomokanoni berZnulad niSnavs
kanons da wess. nomokanonebi ewodeba marTlmadideblur saeklesio samarTlis
krebulebs, romlebic Seicaven eklesiis Sinaganawess, agreTve yofa-cxovrebisa
da saojaxo samarTlis normebis debulebebs... sabolood Camoyalibda IX
saukunis ukanasknel meoTxedSi 14-titlovani nomokanonis, e.w. 883 wlis
redaqciis saxiT. man konstantinopolis 920 wlis saeklesio krebaze
zogadqristianuli saxelmZRvanelos xasiaTi miiRo. kanonikuri kodeqsis
wyaroebi oTx jgufad iyofa: 1. `mociqulTa~-s saxeliT cnobili 85 saeklesio
kanoni, romelic saeklesio kanonmdeblobis pirvel werilobiT Zeglad
iTvleba; 2. msoflio saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi; 3. adgilobrivi saeklesio
kanonebi; 4. avtoritetul saeklesio moRvaweTa epistolaruli kanonmdebloba.
kanonikur kodeqsSi Sesuli wyaroebis kodifikacia TandaTan mimdinareobda III
saukunidan IX saukunemde. am drois ganmavlobaSi epoqis saWiroebis mixedviT,
icvleba kanonikuri krebulis Sinaarsobrivi Semadgenloba. nomokanons
qristianul saxelmwifoSi moqmedi samarTlis mniSvneloba hqonda. Zegli
qarTulad gadmoTargmnilia arsen iyalToelis mier XI saukunis miwurulsa
da XII saukunis pirvel wlebSi. arsen iyalToelia Zeglis qarTulad pirveli
mTargmneli285.
6. saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi
`mefisa da kaTalikosis saqme orisave swori aris
imitom, rom erTi xorcis xelmwifea da meore sulisa.
(vaxt. kan.25).
zogjer ismis kiTxva vaxtang VI kaTolikuri aRmsareblobisa iyo Tu
marTlmadidebeli? am kiTxvas mefe-rjulmdebelma TviTonve mravaljer
upasuxa da marTlmadideblobis daufaravi aRmsareblobis gamo iZulebuli
Seiqna qarTlis samefo taxti daetovebina osmaloTa da iranelTa nebiT,
romelTa uRelqveSac iyo moqceuli Cveni qveyana im dros. sityvieri
gancxadebis garda, vaxtang VI-m saqmiT daamtkica Tavisi marTlmadidebluri
aRmsarebloba, gansakuTrebiT, samarTlis sferoSi muSaobis dros. Tavidanve
unda vTqvaT, vaxtangma sxva did marTlmadidebel erebze ufro adre misca
qarTvel ers saeklesio sakanonmdeblo ZeglTa ganmartebani cnobili
bizantieli kanonistebisa, romelnic, cxadia, marTlmadidebeli eklesiis
udidesi maswavleblebi iyvnen. esaa maTe blastaris `sintagma~ da konstantine
armenopulos eqvsi wigni.
cezarul-papisturi
tendencia
eretikos
imperatorTa
gansakuTrebiT xatmebrZoleobis epoqaSi gamomJRavnda~298.
politikaSi,
Tavi III.
saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi
saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebs, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, yofen or mTavar
jgufad, pirvelSi igulisxmeba pirebi da institutebi, romelTac Seqmnes
samarTlis normebi, meore ki warmoadgens dokumentebsa da Zeglebs,
romlebSic gadmocemulia aRniSnuli normebi.
Zvel saqarTveloSi, iseve, rogorc msoflios sxva qristianul qveynebSi,
eklesia ar iyo gamoyofili saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebidan, ufro metic,
saqarTveloSi, rogorc garkveulia niko maris mier, saero da sasuliero
Zalauflebis erToba udavo faqts warmoadgenda. amis gamo, saqarTvelos
saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis rkvevisas unda gamovlindes saqarTveloSi
arsebuli saeklesio-saxelmwifoebrivi warmoSobis institutebi. Cven mier
gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceva amgvar erovnul saxelmwifo-saeklesio
institutebisa
da
saeklesio
samarTlis
normebis
Semqmneli
pirebis
gamovlenasa da Seswavlas. aRsaniSnavia, rom erovnuli saxelmwifoebriobis
ryevis dros aRniSnul uflebebs iTvisebdnen dampyrobeli saxelmwifos
mesveurebic.
samarTlis wyaroebis meore jgufs miekuTvneba dokumentebi da Zeglebi,
romelnic gamoica zemoT aRniSnulTa mier. mravali aseTi dokumenti Tan
erTvis Cven mier ganxilul yvela saeklesio sakanonmdeblo krebas, agreTve
zogierT mimdinare krebas.
1. saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi I-V ss-Si
adgilobrivi eklesiis samarTlis erT-erT umTavres wyaros warmoadgens
sakuTari krebebis mier miRebuli dadgenilebani, im
SemTxvevaSi Tu igi
avtokefaluria, magram Tu mas ar aqvs avtokefalia, maSin misi samarTlis
wyaroa zemdgomi, anu kiriarqaluri eklesiis dadgenilebani da miTiTebani.
magaliTad, rusuli eklesia XV saukunemde valdebuli iyo, aResrulebina
konstantinopolis sapatriarqos krebaTa, patriarqTa da sinodis yvela
dadgenileba,
radganac
igi
iqamde
warmoadgenda
konstantinopolis
sapatriarqos erT-erT mitropolias. misTvis saeklesio samarTlis umTavres
wyaros warmoadgenda msoflio patriarqTa is sigelebi, romlebic Seexeboda
rusul eklesias da konstantinopolidan ugzavnidnen rus mitropolitebs,
episkoposebsa da mTavrebs299.
msgavsadve,
qarTuli
eklesiisaTvis
samarTlis
mTavari
wyaro
avtokefaliis miRebamde iyo kiriarqaluri eklesia, xolo avtokefaliis
miRebis Semdeg sakuTar krebaTa dadgenilebani. maSasadame, imisaTvis, raTa
gavarkvioT qarTuli eklesiis samarTlis mTavari wyaro, saWiroa misi
avtokefaliis sakiTxis garkveva, rodis an visgan miiRo avtokefalia.
amJamindeli TvalsazrisiT, romelmac asaxva qarTul enciklopediaSic pova,
Camoyalibebis
dros,
IV
s-is
dasawyisidan,
qarTuli
eklesia
konstantinopolis iurisdiqciis qveS iyo, Semdeg antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi
eklesiam
konstantinopolma
mianiWa
da
aseve
sxva
e.w.
axal
marTlmadideblur eklesiebs (serbeTis, rumineTis, bulgareTis, poloneTis,
CexeTisa da sxv.).
CvenTvis gansakuTrebiTaa mniSvnelovani is, rom amJamadac ki e.i. XX s.
bolosa da XXI s. dasawyisSi kviprosis eklesia Tavis Tavs avtokefalurad
miiCnevs ara III msoflio krebis droidan, aramed mociqulTa droidan.
saeklesio samarTlis mkvlevari k. skurati wers:
329. am
mizeziT mociqulebrivi warmoSobis sxva eklesiebic TavianT Tavs amJamadac
uZvelesi droidanve avtokefalurad miiCneven.
Zvelad avtokefaliis miniWeba SeeZlo imperatorsac, rogorc magaliTad,
balsamonis da blastaris cnobiT, iustinianem mianiWa bulgareTs, anda
msoflio krebis gadawyvetilebas, rogorc III msoflio krebam mianiWa
avtokefalia kvipross. magram, rogorc ganxiluli gvqonda, avtokefalia
kvipross III msoflio krebamde hqonda, am krebam mxolod daicva misi
avtokefalia. aseve unda vifiqroT, rom balsamonis mier naxsenebma antioqiis
patriarqma petrem qarTul eklesias avtokefalia ki ar mianiWa, aramed
darwmunda qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis samarTlebriv uflebebSi,
radganac giorgi mTawmidelis mtkicebani irwmuna da mociqulTa mier
daarsebulad, anu `samociqulo eklesiad~ aRiara qarTuli eklesia. antioqiis
patriarq petre fulons (mkawvrels) V s-Si rom mieniWebina avtokefalia
qarTuli eklesiisaTvis, antioqiisave patriarq petre III-s da mis mrCevlebs
ecodinebodaT amis Sesaxeb, amitomac giorgi mTawmidels ganucxadebda ara
imas, rom mociqulTagans aravis uqadagia Tqvens qveyanaSio, aramed etyoda _
petre fulonamde saqarTvelos eklesia nawili iyo antioqiis sapatriarqosi,
Zveleburi wesi ki unda aRvadginoT da iseve unda dagvemorCiloT, rogorc
winaT gvemorCilebodiTo. petre mesame da misi momdevno patriarqi Teodosi
arafers msgavss ar acxadebdnen. Tavis mxriv, arc giorgi mTawmidelma
gaixsena, rom evstaTi antioqielma akurTxa pirveli episkoposi da amiT
TiTqosda antioqiis iurisdiqciaSi IV s-danve moeqca qarTuli eklesia, arc is
gauxsenebia, rom TiTqosda V s-Si petre fulonma mianiWa avtokefalia
qarTul eklesias. mravali misioneri moRvaweobda III-IV saukuneebSi da
afuZnebdnen axal da axal eklesiebs warmarTTa Soris, magram es iuridiul
daqvemdebarebas ar iwvevda, radganac II-IV saukuneebSi yvela provinciis, anu
samTavros eklesia avtokefaluri iyo, vis mierac ar unda yofiliyo igi
dafuZnebuli. es icoda giorgi mTawmidelma da arc CaTvala saWirod xseneba
am movlenebisa. misi Tvalsazrisi qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis safuZveli
sul sxva iyo kerZod, qarTuli eklesia dafuZnebulia mociqulTa mier,
maSasadame, igi avtokefaluria mociqulTa droidanve. misi avtokefaliis es
ufleba SeubRalavia, imdenad, rom TviTonve SeuZlia antioqiis sapatriarqos
msgavsad, sxva eklesias ganucxados pretenziebi. Tuki andria mociqulma
miiyvana Tavisi Zma petre ieso qristesTan, e.w. Tavis Zmas mouwoda amisken,
aqedan gamomdinare, `Svenis esreT, raTa wodebuli igi mwodebelsa mas
daemorCilos, rameTu petresi (e.i. antioqiis saydris damfuZnebeli mociquli)
jer ars raTa daemorCilos mwodebels Tavisa da Zmasa andrias (qarTuli
eklesiis damfuZnebels) da raiTa Tqven Cven dagvemorCilneT330.
kanonikur
damokidebulebaSi
da,
ase
vTqvaT,
saeklesioTaSoriso
mdgomareobaSi, sityva `kaTalikozi~ aris berZnuli sityva da realurad
niSnavs
iseT
episkopozs,
romelsac
gansazRvrul
teritoriaze
sxva
episkopozebi ufrosad icnoben. Zvel qarTul mwerlobaSi am sityviT
aRiniSneba ara marto damoukidebeli eklesiis Tavi, aramed damokidebulebaSi
myofic, ufro xSirad mitropoliti... ase yofila ara marto qarTul
mwerlobaSi,
aramed
ucxo
mwerlobaSic
(somxeTSic
`mitropoliti~
iTargmneboda sityviT `kaTalikosi~), amnairad, Tu iberiis eklesiis Tavs
`kaTalikozi~ daerqva, ara imitom, rom is ierarqiulad gaTavisuflda ucxo
eklesiaze damokidebulebisagan, aramed imitom, rom ramdenime episkoposTa
Soris iberiaSi is Seiqmna ufrosi, pirveli episkopozi `sazogado~, saerTo
xelmZRvaneli yvela danarCenisa~374.
maSasadame, Tu es asea da sityva `kaTalikosis~ damkvidreba aRniSnavda ara
eklesiis avtokefaliis SemoRebas, aramed mxolod imas, rom am titulis
matarebeli episkoposi gadaiqca, ufros, pirvel, `sazogado~ pirvelierarqad,
maSin aRar unda ugulebelvyoT ruis-urbnisis krebis Zeglisweris, efrem
mcires `moqcevai qarTlisais~ WeliSuri redaqciis monacemebi, romelnic
sityva `kaTalikoziT~ moixsenieben qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs ukve IV
saukunidan _ mirian mefidanve.
wm. ninos `cxovrebis~ WeliSuri redaqciaSia: vaxtang gorgaslamde
`gardacvalebul iyvnes mefeni aTni da kaTalikozni cametni~; maSasadame, misi
avtoris TvalsazrisiT, qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebi iyvnen episkoposTa
Soris pirvelni, Tavni, `sazogadoni~, Tumca ki SesaZloa, es termini
`kaTalikozi~ marTlac V s-Si iqna SemoRebuli, magram am terminis
damkvidrebamdec pirvelierarqs sxva episkoposebTan SedarebiT pirveloba
hqonia
mopovebuli,
amitomac
unda
uwodebdes
avtori
IV
s-is
pirvelmRvdelmTavrebs _ `kaTalikozs~. aseve. amave TvalsazrisiT unda
xmarobdes efrem mcirec am termins _ qarTuli ekelsiis dafuZnebisTanave
pirvel ierarqs ukve hqonia tituli _ `kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi~, rac
Tavis TavSi gulisxmobs ramdenime saepiskoposo kaTedris arsebobas. efrem
mcire,
romelic
sagangebod
ikvlevda
qarTuli
eklesiis
kanonikur
urTierTdamokidebulebas
ucxo
eklesiebTan,
cxadia,
termin
`mTavarepiskopossa da kaTalikoss~ SemTxveviT ar ixmarda. eferm mcire Tavis
TzulebaSi `uwyeba mizezTa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa~ wers: _ `saxelica
movlinebulisa mis episkoposisa esreT povnil ars, viTarmed TviT evstaTi
iyo antioqieli patriarqi, romelman daamyara eklesia igi, mirianis mier
mcxeTas aRSenebuli da ukurTxa maT kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi~.
ruis-urbnisis wmida krebis `Zegliswerac~ aseve kaTalikozad e.i.
sazogado, sayovelTao episkoposad moixseniebs qarTuli eklesiis pirvelive
meTaurs: `TviT patriarqTa Soris saxelganTqmulman evstaTi [325-330] xeliTa
TvisiTa STadva safuZveli maSin sadme mcxeTas aRSenebulisa eklesiisa,
...ganwmida igi da xeldasxmul-yo mas Sina maTTvis episkopozi-kaTalikosi~375.
rogorc aRiniSna, sityva `kaTalikosis~ xmareba efrem mcires, `ruisurbnisis krebis~, `moqcevais~ WeliSuri redaqciis mier miuTiTebs, rom Zveli
qarTuli saeklesio istoriografiis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelos eklesiaSi
IV saukunidanve arsebobda ramdenime eparqia, ramdenime mmarTveli episkoposi,
romelTa Soris pirveli ijda mcxeTaSi, mas hqonia tituli sayovelTao
xar Sen, rameTu Senca megvadruce xar qristesi~, ase mimarTavs mefe
miqaels385.
rogorc zemoTaa aRniSnuli, vaxtangamde da mis saeklesio reformamde
kavkasiur qveynebSi sparseTis saxelmwifos nebiT eklesiis xelSi moeqca
saero xelisuflebis didi nawili, amitomac, rogorc iTqva, qarTuli
eklesiis meTauri glonoqori, qarTlisa da hereTis erisTavi, e.i. saero
uzenaesi xelisufali iyo. somxuri wyaroebis Tanaxmad ki, eklesiis xelSi
moeqca saxelmwifo Semosavlebis akrefis saqme. rogorc Cans, miqael
mTavarepiskopisis xelT iyo saxelmwifo gadasaxadebis mokrebis saqme, rac
Cans, qarTveli mefisaTvis, romelic sparsuli xelisfulebisagan Tavis
daRwevas cdilobda, miuRebeli iyo. swored amitom unda exmara mefes
miqaelis mimarT sityvebi `megvadruce~ da `vercxlismoyvare~. marTlac, Cveni
macxovris ieso qristes saZmoSi saerTo salaro ebara iudas, igi iyo
megvadruce. mefis azriT, aseve megvadruce anu Tanxis, salaros mepatronea
miqaelic _ `aRegzen SuriT viTarca iuda petresiTa, rameTu Sen xar viTarca
iuda, xolo eklesia _ viTarca petre~386.
bizantiaSi
da
mTel
maSindel
msoflioSi,
vaxtangis
Tvalwin
mimdinareobda
sapatriarqoebis
(samamamTavroebis)
warmoqmna
_
mcire
eklesiebis gaeTianebis gziT. Cans, amis gaTvaliswinebiT da msoflio
eklesiaSi arsebuli situaciis gamoyenebiT vaxtangma Semoiyvana petre viTarca
eklesiis `mamamTavari~ (rogorc `moqcevai qarTlisai~ uwodebs) sayovelTao
episkoposi axlad gaerTianebuli da gamTlianebuli qveynis masStabiT, igi
umTavresi unda yofiliyo miqaelzec. amiT, Cans, mefes surda SeezRuda anda
saerTod gaeuqmebina sparselTa mier danergili wesi _ eklesiis mier saero
xelisuflebis mniSvnelovani nawilis gangebisa, rasac miRwia mefem. iqamde ki,
reformis pirvel etapze, rogorc iTqva, mefem daamarcxa prosparsuli
orientaciis episkopati, swerda kidec amis Sesaxeb imperators _ `macduri
binqaran mivec sapyrobilesa da sikvdilisagan gardaixvewa. man ukue moiyvana
sparsni qarTlad da davsvi episkoposad miqael, kaci sarwmuno~387.
binqarani _ cxadia aris ara cecxlTayvanismcemeli, aramed qristiani
episkoposi, romlis nacvlad mefem dasva episkoposad miqaeli, rogorc es
konteqstidan Cans. binqaranis `cecxl-Tayvanismcemloba~ imiT gamoixateba, rom
prosparsuli, albaT siro-sparsuli saeklesio orientaciis episkoposia da
SesaZloa qristian-maniqevelTa frTasac ekuTvnoda.
mTlianad gasaTvaliswinebelia k.kekeliZis mosazreba, rom `kaTolikozis
tituli
TavisTavad
arc
damoukideblobis
momaswavlebelia
da
arc
damokidebulebisa~388, rom `kaTolikozobis SemoRebas araviTari cvlileba ar
mouxdenia iberiis eklesiis Tavis ierarqiul-kanonikur damokidebulebaSi da
ase vTqvaT saeklesiaTaSoriso mdgomareobaSi~.
k.kekeliZis
azriT,
qarTul
eklesias
vaxtang
gorgaslis
dros
avtokefalia ar moupovebia, amis damadasturebeli araviTari cnoba ar
arsebobs.
k.kekeliZis azriT, saqarTvelos eklesia konstantinopolis sapatriarqos
arasodes eqvemdebareboda, mis iurisdiqciaSi ar yofila: `miuRebelia is azri,
viTomc iberebi konstantinopolis eklesias daeqvemdebarnen, vinaidan im dros,
rodesac iberebma qristianoba miiRes, konstantinopolis sapatriarqo arc ki
arsebobda, is isaxeba IV s-is bolos, meore msoflio krebis Semdeg, da
romis eklesiisa. amiT igi ara mxolod saeklesio dawesebuleba iyo, aramed
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulisa da saxelmwifoebrivi erTeulis Tvisebebis mqone.
Cveni eklesiis aRniSnul ufleba-upiratesobaTa Sesaxeb cnobebis miReba
mxolod sigel-gujrebidan SeiZleba. am sabuTebSi mravali cnoba exeba
saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTalikos-patriarqis centraluri sammarTvelos
organizacias~404.
ivane javaxiSvilis sityviT, saqarTvelos eklesias Tavisi marTva-gamgeoba
mowyobili hqonda `saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis wesebze~. qarTul eklesias
hqonda Tavisi sasamarTlo, Tavisi ekonomikuri politika, hyavda sakuTari
jari da Tavisi ymebi, amasTanave, moepoveboda saxelmwifo marTva-gamgeobis
wesebze mowyobili moxeleoba, amitom bevris mxriv saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis
Tvisebebi etyoboda405.
mecnieris sityviT, qarTuli saeklesio samarTali warmonaSobia qarTuli
eklesiis, viTarca saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis yofa-cxovrebidan, am mxriv,
qarTuli saeklesio samarTali ufro miagavs romis eklesiis `Corpus uris
caninici~-s, vidre berZenTa da rusTa saeklesio samarTals, aseve, msgavsad
amisa, qarTuli eklesia Tavisi wes-wyobilebis bevri TvisebiT ufro romis
saSualo saukuneebis eklesias miagavda, vidre erTmorwmune berZenTa da
rusTa eklesiebs406.
qarTuli saeklesio samarTali maSin daemgvana dasavlurs, roca romis
eklesia marTlmadidebluri aRmsareblobisa iyo VII-X saukuneebSi. kidev
erTxel gadavxedoT, Tu rogori politikuri viTareba iyo saqarTveloSi VIIX ss-ebSi. am dros saqarTvelo viTarca erTiani qveyana ar arsebobda, igi
daSlili iyo teritoriebad, calkeul kuTxeebad, romlebSic, mxolod VIII-IX
saukuneebSi daiwyo formireba kuTxurma qarTulma saxelmwifoebrivma
erTeulebma afxazTa, qarTvelTa, kaxTa da herTa samefoebis saxiT,
politikur-administraciuli centri Tbilisi arabTa saamiros dedaqalaqad
iyo gadaqceuli, qvemo qarTlSi monofizituri somxuri eklesiis gabatonebis
Sedegad
e.w.
`somexTa
samefo~
(taSir
Zoraketisa)
Camoyalibda.
axalCamoyalibebul qarTul saxelmwifoebriv erTeulebze Tavisi didi
samarTlebrivi gavlena moipova qarTulma eklesiam. amis erT-erT mkafio
magaliTad, romelsac qvemoT SevexebiT, migvaCnia qorepiskoposTa saeklesio
institutis mier kaxeT-hereTis samefos formirebaSi gaweuli udidesi Rvawli,
agreTve serapion zarzmelis cxovrebaSi moxmobili faqti imisa, rom samcxis
episkoposma giorgim daawynara Tavis eparqia _ samTavroSi didebulTa Soris
atexili mravalwliani dava, samarTlebrivi sasjeli daado didebulebs (TviT
mamulebis
CamorTmeviTac
ki)
da
uwesrigobasa
da
qaosSi
Caflul
mosaxleobaSi daamyara wesrigi `dascxres, dadumnes SfoTni da uwesrigobani~.
imJamindel zogierT marTmadidebel qveyanaSic aseve moipova eklesiam
uzenaesi samarTlebrivi funqcia, kerZod, rogorc v. cipini wers `Sua
saukuneebSi evropul dasavleTSi kaTolikuri eklesiis wiaRSi, nawilobriv
netari avgustines Txzulebis `saRmrTo qalaqis~ gavleniTac `ori maxvilis~
doqtrina Seiqmna, romlis mixedviTac orive xelisufleba _ saeklesioc da
saxelmwifoc, erTi uSualod, meore ki SuamavlobiT, romis eklesiidan
momdinareobs. Sua saukuneebis saero xelmwifeni papis vasalebad iTvlebodnen.
papebi TavianT Tavs ara mxolod imperatorebisa da mefeebis kurTxevis, aramed
maTi taxtidan Camogdebis uflebasac ki aZlevdnen. kaTolikuri doqtrinis
Sedegad~414.
sasuliero
xelisufali
qorepiskoposi
kaxeTSi
gadaiqca
uvrcelesi samefos (samTavros) saero mmarTvel uzenaes xelisuflad. Tumca
ukve IX saukunisaTvis, rogorc fiqroben, mas daukargavs sasuliero funqcia
da mxolod saero darCenia. sasuliero xelisufali _ kaxeTis saero mTavrad
gadaiqca415.
msgavseba, romelic ivane javaxiSvilma SeniSna, dasavlur (evropul) da
qarTul eklesiaTa Soris am mxriv saxezea, magram aqve isic unda aRiniSnos,
rom swored aRniSnul epoqaSi, anu VII-VIII saukuneebSi bizantieli
imperatorebi da, maSasadame, saero xelisufleba mwvaleblebi (ZiriTadad,
xatmebrZolebi)
iyvnen,
devnidnen
marTlmadidebel
eklesias,
amitomac
bizantiaSi eklesia araTu saero xelisuflebis SeTvisebis, piriqiT, devnis
procesSi iyo. misi eklesiuri xelisuflebac ki dasustebuli iyo. piriqiT,
saimperatoro xelisufleba cdilobda sasulieros miTvisebasa da masze
gabatonebas.
bizantiuri azrovnebis Tanaxmad, maTi qveyana warmoadgenda imave romis
imperias, xolo bizantieli imperatorebi Zveli romaeli imperatorebis
pirdapir memkvidreebs, aqedan gamomdinare, maT hqondaT uzenaesi uflebebi
rogorc saero, ise sasuliero xelisuflebis mimarT, da hqondaT Sesabamisi
titulaturac. aRsaniSnavia, rom saqarTveloSic Seiqmna doqtrina, romlis
mixedviTac axali qarTuli samefo dinastia bagrationebisaO (aRzevebuli Cans
qarTuli eklesiis xelSewyobiT) miiCneoda daviTis (israelis cxebuli mefis)
memkvidred. qarTuli eklesiis udidesi moZRvari grigol xanZTeli ase
mimarTavs am dinastiis fuZemdebels - `daviT winaswarmetyvelisa da uflisa
mier cxebulisa Svilad wodebulo xelmwifeo, mefoba da saTnoebanica misi
dagimkvidren qristeman RmerTman, romlisaTvisca amas mogaxseneb, ara
moakldes mTavroba SvilTa SenTa da naTesavTa maTTa qveyanaTa amaT
ukunisamde JamTa, aramed iyvnen igini mtkiced ufrois kldeTa myarTa da
mTaTa saukuneTa da didebul iyvnen ukunisamde~416. am formuliT bagrationma
mefeebma (IX saukuneSi) Tavisi adgili moipoves saeklesio samarTlis sferoSi.
qarTvel bagrationTa `qristes naTesaobisa~ da `daviTis Zeobis~ Sesaxeb
icodnen bizantiaSic, rogorc iuwyeba konstantine porfirogeneti.
qarTuli doqtrinis Sesabamisad, saxelmwifo da saeklesio xelisuflebis
wyaro ufalia, bagrationebi uflis cxebulis Svilad wodebulebi arian,
eklesiis Tavi ki ufalia. eklesia misi qveyniuri nawilia, aqedanaa qarTuli
simfonia saxelmwifosa da eklesias Soris. eklesia da saero xelisufleba
saqarTveloSi
simfoniur
kavSirSi
iyvnen.
saqarTvelos
eklesia
iyo
damoukidebeli, avtokefaluri, mas ar hyavda e.w. kiriarqaluri eklesia, anu
eklesia, romelsac igi emorCileboda, aqedan gamomdinare, misTvis ar idga
saWiroeba romelime ucxo eklesiis patriarqs, krebaTa dadgenilebas Tu
sinods damorCileboda, aResrulebina maTi dadgenilebani, Tumca ki cxadia
saqarTvelos eklesia xelmZRvanelobda imave sjuliskanoniT, romliTac
marTlmadidebluri bizantiuri eklesiebi. saqarTvelos eklesiis saeklesio
kanonikuri samarTlis wyaros warmoadgenda sakuTari eklesiis krebaTa da mis
meTaurTa dadgenilebani417.
cxadia, saqarTvelos eklesias arc erTi ucxo patriarqi da arc bizantiis
imperatori ugzavnida sagangebo sigelebs, mimarTuls qarTuli saeklesio
sakiTxebisadmi.
saeklesio
kanonmdeblobis
adgilobriv
organos,
pirvel
rigSi
warmoadgendnen saeklesio krebebi.
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebs, rogorc Cvenamde moRweuli masalebis
analizidan Cans (warmodgenilia qvemoT, Sesabamis paragrafebSi), axasiaTebda
gansakuTrebuli specifika, romelic unda asaxavdes saqarTveloSi saeklesio
da saxelmwifo xelisuflebaTa urTierTdamokidebulebas. rogorc cnobilia,
arsebobs
am
(saeklesio
da
saxelwmifo
xelisuflebaTa)
urTierTdamokidebulebis sxvadasxva sistema. maT Soris idealurad miiCneva
simfoniuri damokidebuleba. bizantiaSi, romelic etalons warmoadgenda
qarTvelebisaTvis saeklesio urTierTobaTa sferoSi, SemuSavebuli iyo
eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierTobis ZiriTadi principebi, romlebic
imperiis saxelmwifo kanonebsa da sjulis wesebSic iqna Setanili, isini
aisaxa wmida mamaTa nawerebSic. esaa eklesiisa da saxelmwifos simfoniis
principi.
rogorc
iTqva,
simfoniis
arsia
urTierTTanamSromloba,
urTierTdaxmareba, erTmaneTis mimarT zrunva da pasuxismgebloba ise, rom
erTi mxare meoris gansakuTrebuli kompetenciis sferoSi ar SeiWras. miiCneva,
rom es principi yvelaze ukeTaa Camoyalibebuli imperator iustinianes VI
novelaSi: `udidesi sikeTe, romelic adamianebs RmerTis didi saxierebiT
mieniWaT _ mRvdloba da mefobaa, romelTagan pirveli (e. i. saeklesio
xelisufleba) saRmrTo saqmisaTvis zrunavs da mas xelmZRvanelobs, xolo
meore (saxelmwifo xelisufleba) ki kacobriobisaTvis, orive momdinareobs
erTi da imave wyarodan... Tu sasuliero mxare yovelives RvTisaTvis saTnod
ganagebs, xolo saxelmwifo xelisufleba masze mindobil saxelmwifos
samarTliT marTavs, maSin maT Soris yvelaferSi sruli Tanxmoba iqneba, rac
kacobriobas sargeblobasa da sikeTes moutans~. am principidan gamomdinare,
iustiniane Tavis novelebSi sjulier wesebs saxelmwifo kanonis Zalas
aniWebda. am midgomis gamo saeklesio da saero wesebi erTobliobaSi zogjer
mefis
saxeliT
gamoicemoda,
magram
damtkicebuli
iyo
saeklesio
xelisufalTa mier, es damaxasiaTebeli iyo saqarTvelosaTvisac, amis Sesaxeb
ix. qvemoT, krebaTa ganxilvis dros.
iustinianemdec, IV-V ss-ebSi, romis imperiaSi miiCneoda, rom saero da
sasuliero xelisuflebas erTmaneTisaTvis mxari unda daeWiraT, radganac
erTis warmatebiT meorec warmatebas miaRwevda, WeSmariti sarwmunoeba
samarTliT gabrwyindeboda, saxelmwifo ki ayvavdeboda. miiCneoda, agreTve,
rom orive es xelisufleba gaerTianebuli unda yofiliyo zemoaRniSnuli
miznis misaRwevad, daculi unda yofiliyo saxelmwifo da saeklesio
xelisuflebas Soris urRvevi kavSiri _ RvTis gangebis ukeT aRsrulebisa da
xalxis
samsaxurisaTvis:
`vinc
erTisaTvis
(saxelmwifosaTvis,
qveSevrdomebisaTvis)
zrunavs,
meorezec
(eklesiisaTvis,
marTali
sarwmunoebisaTvis) fiqrobs~435.
rogorc qvemoT gamoCndeba, aRniSnuli simfoniuri kavSiri, Cans, Tavidanve,
ukve IV-V saukuneebidanve daedo safuZvlad saqarTveloSi saxelmwifosa da
eklesias Soris urTierTobas. amiT unda aixsnas is araCveulebrivi garemoeba,
rom zogjer saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba imavdroulad warmoadgenda
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas, anda piriqiT, saxelmwifo darbazis sxdoma,
Sesabamisi saeklesio sakiTxis ganxilvis dros, gadaiqceoda saeklesio
nawili II.
Tavi I.
saqarTvelos eklesiis
sakanonmdeblo krebebi
merme ganaRebs vidre mun-Jamadmde ganuRebelsa pirsa da TanadqalaqebiTurT da saxlebiT STanTqams arRara kacebsa, aramed damwurebsa
rasme Zualebsa, da odesme yofilTa kacTa sawyalobelsa neStebsa.
xolo wyali igica ucxod ixilvebis Secvalebulad maTTs da arRara
saSuebelad da samrad, aramed, sxuaTa nivTTagan daSTomilisa neStisa maTisa
aRsaocelad pirsa zeda maTeulisa queyanisa, ufrosRa saflav maTda
qmnilisa jojoxeTisa, ixilvebis modinebulad, egoden Secvalebuli sxuaTa
wyalTagan bunebiTa, raoden igini sxuaTa kacTa hmatdes bilwebisa
gardareulebiTa.
aman usjuloebaman asurastanelTa igi umravlesTa nawilTa queyanisaTa
dampyrobeli mefoba tyued waruqcia sparsTa da midTa da sruliad
aRmohfxura queyaniT sasenebeli, ara xolo mefe da mZlavri, aramed kacyofisaca maTisa.
aman codvaman didi igi da yovliT-kerZo yovlisa queyanisaT magansmenili naTesavi somexTa, mefobiTurT da mTavrobiT maTiT, ara oden
daamdabla da daamua, aramed sruliad aRiRo kacTagan saxeli maTi,
romelTa vervin poos dRes erTica mefe anu mTavari, mqonebeli
daumonebelisa Tavisuflebisa, daRaTu yovelnica vin piri miwisa moixilos.
aman bilwebaman sparsTa igi maRali, da maradis hromTa mefobisa mdomafloba, mecis bunebaTa vieTme kacTa avazakuriTa zeda-moslviTa, miwadmde
damdablebulyo, da vidre moaqamde mZlavrebisa maTisa morCil yo.
ese ara uywiT, Tu vina ukeTurebiT Semoexrwna moqalaqobasa qristes
mosaxelisaca erisasa, rameTu ra ziareba iyo beliarisi qristes-Tana da,
elsa ucxo TeslTasa micemiT dasasrul maxlisa maTisa qmniTa, neStni
odenRa damitevna isralisani, romelni ukueTu vegneT-Ra masve ukeTurebasa
zeda, o Cemda, davidumo Znel-sityua, romeli yovelTada cxad ars,
daRacaTu Cuen vhridoT.
amisTs vamcnebT yovelsa didsa da mciresa, mdidarsa da glaxaksa, mefesa
da mTavarsa, aznaursa da mdabiorsa, mRdelTa da umRdeloTa, moweseTa da
eriskacTa, berTa da WabukTa, da Sua-kacTa yovelsa pativsa da yovelsa wessa
da yovelsa hasaksa ganyenebad amis vnebisa ufros-Ra saZagelisa bilwebisa.
da esreT daumticebT, saxeliTa uflisa Cuenisa iesu qristesiTa: yovelman
sulman qristeaneman marTlmadidebelman, amaT sityuaTa msmenelman, romelman
Semdgomad amis Zeglisa warkiTxvisa, ara ijmnas bilwisa mis sodomurisa
codvisagan da, ara xolo saqmiT qmnisa misisa, aramed reca laRobiT ferebisa
da sityT Tqumisa, raTaca samisoTa da misTa damsaxvelTa sityuaTa da
saqmeTagan, ueWuelad moiwios mis zeda amas ukue sawuTosa saSineli rame
da cocxliv jojoxeTad STamdeli risxva, msgavsad wunwubasa-Tana
aRreulisa mis sodomelTa cecxlisa.
xolo mun-igi mimTualvel eqmnes mas, romeli vals winaSe pirsa uflisasa
da Seswuvavs garemos missa mterTa misTa, vinaTgan siyuaruli orcTa
mteroba ars RmrTisa. da romelman ganxrwnas taZari RmrTisa, ganxrwnes
igica RmerTman, da amas Tana da Cuengan, uRirsTa monaTa saRmrTosa monebisa
Rirs-qmnulTasa, i Cuenda, arRara kurTxeva, aramed kdema da mxileba
daimkdros saukuno.
(amokrebili muxlebi)
Cuen, mefeTmefeman giorgim, Zeman yovelTa Soris warCinebulisa mefeTmefis
dimitrisaman, davdeviT Zegli_ganaCeni ese mas Jamsa, odes SevediT mTiulTa
Sigan mosavlelad RmrTis mowyalebiTa yovlgniT ucileblad qonebasa Sina
samefosa Cuenisasa da ucileblad pyrobasa taxtisa da skiptrisasa.
warvediT taxtiT CueniT qalaqiT da SevediT sasaxlesa Cuensa Jinvansa. da
muniT mivediT ada-cxaots da movasxeniT yovelni muneburni xevisberni da
herovanni, da gavigoneT maTni saqmeni, davsxediT maTsa sasaqmosa.
da mivediT darielamdis da vscaniT ese, romel RmrTiv grgnosanTa da
sanatrelTa CuenTa CamomavalTa mefeTagan amad ar gasCenoda ZegliTa gaCeniTa
da dadebiTa sisxlisa da sxuaTa mravalTa uwesoTa mimZlavrebulTa saqmeTa:
romelTame saqmisa romlisaTsme hprianebodaT aRreviT yofa erTmaneTsa
Sigan, da romelTame sxs Jamisa SemosrulobisaTs ukue gaCena ver swrebodaRa srulad mTiulTa saqmis moklebasa da gaCenasa.
da Jam-guces, mowyalebiTa RmrTisaTa darieliT mobrunvebulTa viloceT
lomisis mTavarmowamis winaSe da CamoviareT cxrazmis xevi da movikuliveT
muneburi sasaqmo.
movediT muxrans, sazamTrosa Cuensa davdegiT, da SemovediT qalaqsa da
SemovitaneT Temisa da Temis erisTavni da evisTavni da evisberni da
herovanni.
davsxediT da davsT wmida meufe da qarTlisa kaTalikozi evfTvime,
davsxiT vezirni da ebiskopozni da mouravni, da gavigoneT, romel didi
usamarTlo da mZlavrebuli qmniliyo erTmaneTsa zeda, da sisxlis
msubuqobisaTs advil Cnda erTmaneTis Ralatad dasxma da daqceva cixeTa,
sikudili, colis wagura da ubralod dagdeba, da mravalferni ulusoba da
yol samarTali aRar iyo-Ra.
da dReisiT winaT-Ra erTmaneTis sayofTa saqmeTa amad aRar SemoviReT, _
erTmaneTis amosula ar iqneboda, ganaCen-daudebloba eqmnaT.
da aw yuela gavaCineT, ra rigad vis ra eyos erTmaneTis avi, sisxli dges
anu sxua sasaqmo ra ginda ra iyos _ gardades.
juarTa yels aqeT, ada-cxaots, zandukis evs, kibeT queSeT da menesos
zemoT es ganaCeni davdeviT.
sasjulo saqme da saeklesio, risac ginda sasaqmosa, _ kacis mkulelTa,
eklesiis mkrexvelTa, colis damgdebelTa ubralosaTa, anu wamgurelTa, _
sxua rac sasjulo sakiTxavi iyos, igi kaTalikozman da maT, ganaCenTa maT
zeda ebiskopozTa, maT hkiTxon.
Cuen msofliosaa misi sisxli, pativi da sasaqmo gagCenia.
dReisiTgan waRma esreT iqmnas.
[lomisisa glexisa asre iyos] 42. lomisisa vinc glexi moklas, Tu
mefeTagan Sewirulia, gina sxuaTa visganme, aTasxuTasi TeTri daeurvos. TaviT
ZueliTgan gaCenili aris lomisis samZRvarsa zeda, _ amieri ada-cxaotis
mimdgomi aris, _ da agreve gaCeniT iyos.
valis saqme asre gavaCineT 46. sargebeli arc qarTvelT sjulTa Sigan Zes
wesad, rome aRiRon, da arc sxuaTa sjulTa uweria. da sargebeli aris uweso.
da Tu radme mimcemi kaci esre avi iyos, rome sargebeli aRiRos, ra ginda
ra xani gamosuliyos, aTsa TeTrs zeda ori TeTri mieces, _ razomi didi xani
daeyos, amis mets nuras miscems da arc samarTalia misacemlad.
da Tu dia raTme avi kaci ar aris, arc amisi aReba marTebs.
samarTali esreT yon yovelTa501.
urCobis seniT. urCoba iyo ZiriTadi mizezi qveyanaSi arsebuli politikurzneobrivi qaosisa. amitomac `qarta-werilis~ muxlebSi, SeiZleba iTqvas,
ZiriTadi yuradReba eTmoba morCilebas. magaliTad, i. doliZis dayofiT, merve
muxli aseTia: `aw Svilno Zmano da mamano gauwyebT da gamcnebT: vinca da
ramanca kacman qristianeman anu didman da anu mcireman patronsa uRalatos,
anu usamarTlod uorgulos, qriste RmerTi da sjuli uaruyvies. egreTve
usamarTloi orguli meoreman nu Seiwynaros~531. sxva mravali muxli eZRvneba
patronis, qveynis, mRvdelmTavrisadmi morCilebas. am mxriv uTuod Tavis
droisaTvis didad sasargeblo kanonikuri xasiaTis Semcvelia gansaxilveli
Zegli, romelic, Cans, drodadro ivseboda an icvleboda kidec. magaliTad,
masSi uqme dRis darRvevadaa miCneuli paraskevs `miwis areva~, `es ukanaskneli
SeniSvna unda iyos Semdegi drois interpretacia, osmalTa zegavleniT
Cadenili~532. aqve `marxvis Serevadaa~ miCeuli `alajoris~ marxvis darRveva,
`alajori~ somxuri eklesiis praqtikaSi miRebuli marxva iyo, amitom misi
moxvedra `mcnebai sasjuloiSi~ gaocebas iwvevs da aRZravs fiqrs, natyuar
anda saxecvlil ZeglTan xom ar gvaqvs saqme? yovel SemTxvevaSi, Zegli erT
raimes ueWvelad gviCvenebs, XV saukunis 70-ian wlebSi qarTul saeklesio
centralizebul erTobas bzari Seepara. antioqiel patriarqs ki amisaTvis
xeli
Seuwyia,
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
eklesias
administraciuli
damoukidebloba moupovebia qarTlis (mcxeTis) sapatriarqosagan. magram
sabolood antioqiel patriarqs miznisaTvis ver miuRwevia. marTalia,
SesaZloa, amis Semdeg dasavleT saqarTvelos kaTolikosis kurTxevaSi
mcxeTeli
patriarqis
neba
Sesustda,
magram
saeklesio-zneobrivi
urTierTdamokidebuleba or qarTul sakaTalikosos Soris ar darRveula.
amas miuTiTebs e.w. `kaTalikosTa samarTali~, romlis SemuSavebaSic
saqarTvelos orive kaTalikosi monawileobda.
caiS-bediis Sekreba
`mcneba sasjulo~
[1470-1474 ww.]
mcneba
ese
sasjulo,
urwmunoTa
momaqceveli
da
morwmuneTa
ganmamtkicebeli da ganmamxnobeli, yovelTa qristianeTaTvis movlenili
zecisa qalaqisa ierusalimisagan da caTa mobaZvisa antioqiisa
[c]is mbadisagan arsTa yovelTa RmrTisa mamisa, Zisa da sulisa wmidisaTa,
romeli Cuenisa xsnisaTvis caTa kamaraTagan ganzraxTa mamisaTa xsnisa
CuenisaTs gardamoxda. da saSo qalwulisa daimkdra da iSva uqcevelad da
ixsnna qmnilni xatad pirisa misisani qalwulisagan uqorwinebulisa iSva da
daiTminna mizezni da yuedreba, kicxeva, basroba, jvarcma da daflva.
guerca laxuriTa mowylulman aRmogcena ukvdaveba, romelsa Suenis
dideba da pativi dausabamoT Tana mamiT, ZiT da suliT wmidiTurT.
26. [da romelman a]ra irwmunos da [ar]a gulsmodgined daicva[s] mcneba ese,
iyos wyeul da SeCuenebul mamisagan, Zisagan da sulisa wmidisagan, viTarca
zemoT weril ars, amin meameneTa, da iyavn wmidaTa angelozTa [mier]
ukunusamde da ukuniTi ukunisamde.
27. aw kualad ismineT ebiskopozTa [da qor]ebiskopozTa viTarca wmidTa
krebaTa ganaCines, [egreT] uTnevarad dadegiT, nu vis aTnev, samwyso Seni
swavliT da magrad daiWireT, raTa meored mosvlvasa TquenTgan ar iTxoos
sitys migeba.
28. egr[eTve moZ]RuarTa: wesierebiT, qristes siyuaruliTa Tquen, [sam]wysod
m[o]wafiT[u]rT, SeiyuareT sjuli qristesi da Tavi Tsi dadev cxovarTa
TsTaTs, viTarca mwyemsman saxierman, raTa ara yovelTa codva xelTagan
SenTa iZios, da ukanasknelTa maT Zrwola da aRmofSnvasa da daisajo.
29. mRdelTa: marTalTa nebis-myofelad nu cru-winaswarmetyuel, [aramed]
daicevi Tavi Seni siZvisagan, tacebisagan, sixarbisagan, didis sicilisagan,
mTuralobisagan da gardarevisagan, romeli ara jer-ars moweseTagan.
30. miec ersa umecarsa marxva, raca wmidaTa krebaTa gaaCines marxvad,
miec mtkiced da gautexelad uqmi uqmad, viTa sweria gaCeniT saeklesioTa
davTarTa Sigan.
31. da romelmanca ebiskopozman, gina qorebiskopozman, anu moZRuarman, gina
xucesman ara guliTa marTliTa daicvas mcneba ese da ersa ara uqadagos
sarwmunoeba da kaT[a]likozisa brZanebasa zeda momWirned da ZalmicemiT ar
idges, krul wyeul da SeCuebulmca ars aw da ukunisamde; krulmca ars
RmrTisa dausabamosagan T[a]viTa, SviliTa da yovliTa misiTa, raodenica ra
ars sofliTgan saukunodmde ukunisamde.
32. da ukeTu vinca mefeTa, TavadTa, aznaurTa da aznaurisSvilTa,
moxeleTa, mouravTa, xelisufalTa, didTa da mcireTa, mdidarTa da glaxakTa,
yovelTa, [romelTa] ese mcneba, RmrTisa mier wmidaTa krebaTagan ganaCeni,
qrists RmrTisa mier marTlmadidebelTa sasurveli simtkice da sawadeli, da
mwvalebelTaTs sakdemeli sjuli ara aRiaros, ara irwmunos, da mtkiced ar
gulsmodginos, da magrad ar ipyras, da sxuaTaca ar uqadagos, krul, wyeul
da SeCuenebulmca ars risxTa RmrTisa dausabamosa mamisa, Zisa da wmidisa
sulisaTa.
33. romeli xucesi cudad zRaprobdes, anu cudad metyuelebdes, anu wessa
aklebdes samwysoTa sofelTa da queyanaTa, da misisa samrevlosa codva
kaTaliko[z]sa da qorebiskopo[z]sa ar gamoucxados, anu natacebsa col-qmarTa
grgni ukurTxos, anu iparos, anu uxvedrTa col-qmrTa Sendoba misces, anu
misTa samrevloTa marxsa reva uqmisa reva Seundos da raca mRdelobisa
saqme SecodebiT daiWiros, _ wirvisagan aRixocos da wirva misi Seuwiravi
iyos, sadamdis kaTalikozisa moxsenebiTa da gagonebiTa ar ganikanonos.
34. egreTve, vinca da ramanca kacman monasterTa da saydarTa mamuli
moigos, iurvos, anu vin mouravad da mosaqmed Semovides,_krul, wyeul da
SeCuenebu[l] RmrTis dausabamosa piriTa, SdTa krebaTa madliTa; numca
ixssnebis suliTa jojoxeTisagan, nuca wirviTa, nuca glaxakTa micemiTa, nuca
ierusalims warslviTa, itanjebodes gamouxsnelad ukunisamde.
35. vinca uxuedri coli SeirTos, anu svinasa, anu meyvissa Se[e]xos, anu
Zmis colsa, anu SeirTos, anu biZis coli SeirTos, anu ra ginda uxuedri
samarTali kaTalikozTa
[sruli teqsti]
q. saxeliTa da R TisaTa me, qristes mier kurTxeulman yovlisa
saqarTvelosa kaTalikozman patriaqman malaqia, me, qristes mier kurTxeulman
afxazeTis kaTalikozman mamaT-mTavarman evdemon, davsxediT da SevkribeniT
yovelni ebiskopozni afxazeTisani.
da didi siymili movida codvaTa CuenTagan, mravali uwesoba da ujero
saqme Semovida: kacis klva, kacis syidva, eklesiis krexva da uxvedroba.
davideviT sjulis kanoni da Cuenca imisgan gamoviReviT; da raca imisagan
ar gamoviReviT, Cuen Cueni magieri ara Segimatebia ra.
da sjulis kanonica asre bZanebs.
[kacis syidvisa ese gavaCineT] 1. q. ramanc kacman kaci gayidos, anu didman,
anu mcireman, anu Tavadman, anu aznaurman da an glexman, wmidaTa krebulTagan
SeCuenebul iyos da gandili.
rasac kacs marTliT gankiTxviTa da gamoZiebiTa kacis syidva gamoaCndes,
Tu is kaci daisnas da moiyuanos, missa saydarsa da ebiskoposs dauurvos, ra
erTic Zal-edvas, damklebis ufalsaca dauurvos.
me,
me,
me,
me,
me,
me,
me,
me,
me,
sasuliero pirebs Semdegi droisa, rom mis naRvaw samarTals `mowmoba darTes
erTa CvenTa srulebiT saRmrToTa da gina samxedroT aman... yovelmanve
erTbaSad da ese esreT ars Semzadebuli~559.
safiqrebelia, rom vaxtangma domenti kaTalikosisa da grigoli
episkoposis TanadgomiT moamzada kanonebi, e.i. Seamzada e.w. `samarTali
batoniSvilis vaxtangisa~. amis Semdgom maT da sagangebod Seqmnilma komisiam
moiZies sxva qristiani erebis samarTlis wignebi. gansakuTrebuli yuradReba
daeTmo bizantiuri samarTlis wignebs. Semdeg ki mTeli krebuli krebam
daamtkica.
komisiam upirvelesad saeklesio samarTlis erT-erTi umTavresi wyaro
`friadi SromiT moiRo~. esaa e.w. `moses samarTali~. komisiisaTvis
gansakuTrebuli interesis sagans warmoadgenda imperatorTa droindeli
bizantiuri samarTali, romelic Tavis droze ara mxolod saqveyno, aramed
upirvelesad saeklesio samarTlis kodeqss warmoadgenda. bizantiis imperiis
damxobis
Semdegac,
`igi
moqmed
samarTlad
iTvleboda
bizantiuri
civilizaciis
qveynebSi
(saberZneTi,
bulgareTi,
moldaveTi,
ruseTi,
560
saqarTvelo, somxeTi da sxva), _ wers i. doliZe
moqmed samarTalSi
igulisxmeba bizantieli nomofilaqsis konstantine armenopulos naSromi `eqvsi wigni~561.
vaxtangis mier gamocemuli bizantiuri samarTlis mixedviT Sedgenili
`berZnuli
samarTlis~
qarTuli
versiis
umTavres
nawils
Seadgens
armenopulos `eqvsi wignidan~ amokrebili kanonebi. mis meore nawils Seadgens
Targmanebi maTeos blastaris sintagmidan. Tavis mxriv, armenopulo aRniSnavs,
rom mis wyaros sxvasTan erTad warmoadgenda imperatorebis: basilis,
konstantines da leonis proxironebi, sakanonmdeblo aqtebidan amonakrebi,
agreTve mefeTa wignis (basilikis) Semokleba (sinopsisi) da sasamarTlo
praqtika, imperatorebis dadgenilebebi, leon brZenis novelebis krebuli,
leonisa da konstantines 18 titulovani ekloga, cxadia, umTavresi wyaroa
mociqulTa da saeklesio krebaTa kanonebi, sasinodo da sapatriarqos
dadgenilebebi562.
alfabeturi sintagmis avtoric, maTeos blastari Tavis naSromis wyarod
iyenebs saeklesio krebebis dadgenilebebs da kanonebs, romis samarTlis
wyaroebs leon brZenis bazilikamde563. qarTuli `samarTali berZnulis~
SesavalSic asevea naTqvami: `leon brZnisa da konstantinesi da sxvaTa
xelmwifeTa mier Tqmuli~564. es Sesavali da misi 1-eli muxli warmoadgens
armenopulos `eqvsi wignis~ Sesavals565. i. doliZe eyrdnoba vl. sokolskis
daskvnebs, rom berZnuli kanonebis qarTuli Targmani warmoadgens blastaris
sintagmisa da armenopulos `eqvsi wignis~ kompilacias. es ukanasknelni
berZnul-romauli samarTlis mTavari krebulebi iyo da iyenebdnen bizantiis
gviandel epoqaSi. blastaris sintagmas sasuliero, xolo armenopulos
naSroms _ saero sasamarTloebSi. rogorc cnobilia, miuxedavad Turqebis
mier bizantiis dapyrobisa, mainc osmaleTis imperiaSi berZnuli da,
sabolood marTlmadidebluri mosaxleobis saeklesio da samoqalaqo
saqmeebis iurisdiqcia mTlianad konstantinopolis sapatriarqosa da berZen
sasuliero xelisufalTa xelSi moeqca, amitomac praqtikuli saWiroebisaTvis
osmaleTSi marTlmadidebluri saeklesio xelisuflebis mier gakeTda
aRbuRas~ samarTali warmoadgens Wulevis eklesiaSi Semdgar saeklesiosakanonmdeblo krebis mier Sedgenil samarTals, ukanaskneli ufro farTo
moculobisaa da, Tavis mxriv, Seicavs beqasa da aRbuRas samarTlis garda,
agreTve `bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis~ da TviTon Wulevis krebis mier
gamocemul e.w. `kanonikur samarTals~. maSasadame, Cveni fiqriT, aRbuRa
aTabag-amirspasalaris
dros
Wulevis
taZarSi
Semdgarma
saeklesiosakanonmdeblo kreba-darbazobam, daaxloebiT 1295-1304 wlebSi, moiZia da
ganixila misTvis saWiro Semdegi samarTlis wignebi: 1. bagrat kurapalatis
samarTali; 2. beqa mandaturTuxucesis samarTali; 3. aRbuRa aTabagamirspasalaris samarTali; isini daamtkica da erT samarTlis wignad Sekra,
bolos ki daurTo TviT krebis mier gamocemuli `kanonikuri samarTali~. es
samarTlis wignebi Wulevis krebam ara qronologiuri wesis mixedviT, aramed,
Cans, moqmedi samarTlebrivi sicocxlisunarianobis Sesabamisad daalaga;
rogorc aRiniSna, vaxtangis komisiam moiZia es krebuli, romelic `beqasa da
aRbuRas samarTlis~ saxeliT da ara Wulevis krebis samarTliT iyo cnobili
da gadasca vaxtang mefis karze moqmed krebas da vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa
krebulSi CarTo.
vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa krebuli agreTve Seicavs gaerTianebuli
saqarTvelos samefos RvTivgvirgvinosan mefeTa mier Sedgenil samarTlis
wignTagan SemorCenil giorgi brwyinvales `Zeglis dadebas~. es iyo
saqarTvelos mTianeTisaTvis sagangebod Sedgenili sjulmdebloba. igi
adgilobrivi xasiaTis sakanonmdeblo Zeglia, magram saqarTvelos daSlis
Semdeg
erT
dros
barisaTvis
Seuferebeli
da
Seusabamo
kanonebi,
daqveiTebuli
da
danawevrebuli
saqarTvelos
kuTxeebisaTvis
moqmed
samarTlad iqca _ `romliTa sjidnen samnive ese samefoni qarTlisani~.
vaxtangis komisiam, rogorc aRiniSna, igi CarTo Tavis samarTlis
krebulSi.
gansakuTrebuli mniSvnelobisaa am krebulSi CarTuli `samarTali
batoniSvilis vaxtangisa~. mkvlevarTa erTi nawilis azriT, am krebulSi
marTalia
Setanilia
sxvadasxva
erovnuli
da
ucxo
Zegli,
magram
savaldebulo Zala mxolod sakuTriv vaxtangis kanonebs hqondaT. krebulSi
Sesuli moses, berZnul da somxur samarTals mxolod damxmare samarTlis
funqcia hqonda. TviTon vaxtangis samarTalze didi gavlena mouxdenia
bizantiur samarTals.
bizantiuri
samarTlis
gavlena
rogorc
qarTul,
ise
sxva
marTlmadidebeli qveynebis samarTalze, Turqebis mier konstantinopolis
dapyrobis Semdegac ar Sewyvetila, `piriqiT, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom is
erTgvarad kidec gaZlierda. saqarTveloSi gavrcelda da gamoiyeneboda
rogorc yvelaze Zveli (siriul-romauli), ise berZnul-romauli samarTlis
erT-erTi gviandeli Zegli, rac mowmobs saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi berZnulromauli samarTlis mudmivsa da uwyvet gavlenas saqarTvelos samarTlebriv
wyobilebaze. am mxriv saqarTveloSi ganmeorda yvela is movlena, romelsac
adgili hqonda aRmosavleTis sxva marTlmadidebel qveynebSi~578. sokolskis
msgavsad, prof. al. xaxanaSvilis azriT, saqarTveloSi moqmedebda berZnuli
(e.i. bizantiuri) samarTali da didi gavlena hqonda qarTul samarTalze, maT
Soris, vaxtangis kanonebzec. al. xaxanaSvilis azriT, qarTul `sigelebSi
xSirad naxavT miTiTebebs berZenTa kanonebze~579. rogorc al. xaxanaSvili
vaxtangi aRniSnavs, rom igi umciresi iyo ZmaTa Soris, ineba `Tavad man
ufalman gamoavlina piriTa utyueliTa brZaneba codvilTa mowyaleba da...myo
me msajulad da gamged~ RvTismSoblis wilxvdomili qveynisa~591. vaxtangi,
rogorc aRiniSna, werda, rom samarTlis wignebi Seadgina `TanayoliTa da
mowmobiTa~ domenti IV kaTalikosisa. aseve aragvis erisTavis Svilis
mTavarepiskoposis
grigolisa
da
sxva
mitropolitis,
episkoposebis,
winamZRvrebis, sasuliero pirebis TanadgomiT. saerTod ara marto sasuliero
ierarqiis, aramed saxelmwifo darbazis TanamonawileobiTa da damtkicebiT _
`mowmobiTa da TanazraxviT yovelTa darbazis erTa CvenTaTa~592.
maSasadame, saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomebze ixileboda vaxtangis kanonebi,
romelmac sabolood miiRo igi. saxelmwifo darbazi, rogorc aRiniSna,
rodesac saeklesio sakiTxebs ixilavda da darbazobaSi monawileobda
umaRlesi ierarqia, imavdroulad warmoadgenda saeklesio krebas kaTalikosis
meTaurobiT. maSasadame, vaxtangis kanonebi miiRo saeklesio krebamac, es
kanonebi imave dros saeklesio samarTlis normebia, radganac misi mravali
muxli swored saeklesio sakiTxebs eZRvneba. sazogadod, samarTlis dadgenis
procesSi kaTalikosisa da episkoposebis monawileoba iuridiuli normaa.
magaliTad, zogierTi muxli pirdapir miuTiTebs maT Carevas, 64-e muxliT
gansazRvrulia colis mtanjveli kacis mefis mier dasja da miTiTebulia: `da
kaTalikozmac asre uyos~593. iqve miTiTebulia `is kaTalikozman icis~, muxli
65 _ `tanjva hyos kaTalikozman~, muxli 66, _ `kaTalikozman wurTniT unda
Searigos~ muxli 79 _`kaTalikozman da mefem gardaaxdevinos~, `moZRvarman
icis misi sakanoni~594. muxli 96-e `es saqme kaTalikozma da mefem didad unda
moikiTxon~, muxli 97-e `kaTalikozisagan gardaexdevineba~ da sxv. mTeli Tavi
aqvs daTmobili episkoposis sakiTxs, magaliTad, muxli 175-Si naTqvamia, rom
saqarTveloSi episkoposebis Semosavali mcirea da isini ar arian didi
qonebis patronebi, radganac `saqarTvelo Raribi da usaqonlo qveyana aris,
agre rigad arc xelmwifis Semosavali aris, verc amas episkoposis Zma da
saxlis kaci episkoposisagan iSoebs rasme misgan~595. aseve sagangebo Tavi
eZRvneba sasjels `qveynisa da rjulis RalatisTvis~. magaliTad, muxli 222-e
ambobs _ `vinc kacman qveyanas da qristes rjuls uorgulos RvTisa da
batonis orisav mesisxle iqnebis~596.
gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania vaxtangis samarTalSi mocemuli pativis
normebi, romliTac saeklesio pirebi mikuTvnebulni arian qveynis sxvadasxva
ierarqiul fenas. magaliTad, 25-e muxlis Tanaxmad _`mefisa da kaTalikozis
saqme, ukadrisi Tu rac ram feri, orisave swori aris, imitom rome erTi
xorcis xelmwife aris da meore sulisa, kurTxeva da pativic RvTisagan da
kacTagan swore aqvT maTi saqme Cven swored dagviweria~. 26-e muxliT
mTavarepiskoposi pativiT gaTanabrebulia didebul TavadTan, 27-e muxliT
episkoposi pativiT gaTanabrebulia Sua TavadTan; 28-e muxliT arqimandritis
pativi gaTanabrebulia mesame xarisxis TavadTan; winamZRvaris pativi tolia
gadidebuli aznaurisa, mRvdel-monazvnis pativi Sua aznaurTan aris
gaTanabrebuli, mRvdlis pativi _ calmogvi aznauris pativis tolia (III
xarisxis aznauri, romelic utoldeba meore xarisxis vaWars). mTavardiakvnis
pativi msaxuris pativis tolia, romelic utoldeba mesame xarisxis vaWars.
(mitropolitis sisxli mTavarepiskoposis sisxlis mexuTeds Seadgens)597.
me es wigni asre ar damiweria da arca viCemeb, rome ara akldes ra. bevri
aseTi saCivrebi aris da mova, rome zogi ver movigoneT da arc miswudebis
kacis goneba.
vinc mixudes rasme da moigonos, CaurTos da Casweros, kargsa da
marTebuls iqs.
25. mefisa da kaTalikozis saqme, ukadrisi Tu rac ram feri, orisave
swori aris, amitom rome erTi orcis elmwife aris da meore sulisa,
kurTxeva da pativic R Tisagan da kacTagan swore aqvT. dastur, mefes
ufross pativs scemen, magrame orcielis SiSiT iqmonen. amitom maTi saqme
Cven swored dagviweria. Tu ara sjobdes, vinc ukeT icodes, Cven nuras
gvabralebs, iman daweros.
numca vin ikadrebs da numca vis DSeemTxvevis eseviTari, romeli avnebs
orcsa da umetesad sulsa, nuca samRTo kacisa da nuca sxvaTa ZeTa
adamisaTa, _ romelsa me vmob, eseviTari.
nu Tu pirveliTganve samoTxidam pirvelisa mamis, adamis, gamomZebelman,
dauZinebelman, maradis mbrZolman da mterman, uxilavman eSmakman TvisiTa
manqanebiTa da sabre-gebiTa aRZras bunebani kacTani Surad da kulad
kacisad, gina saRmToganTa zedan, gina Tu didebulTa da Tavadsa zedan anu
Tu aznaurTa da glexTa zedan, anu Tu mama Zesa da Ze mamazeda, gina Zma
Zmazeda da moyuasi moyuaszeda, - eseviTars saqmes SeemTxvios, mas ukan amis
meti aRara gaewyobis ra, rogorc dagveweros, asre unda iqnas.
26. didebulis Tavadis mTeli sikudilis sisxli aTas xuTas
ocdaTequsmeti Tumani. am didebulis Tavadis tolad mTavarebiskopozis
sisxli. am mTavarebiskopozis sisxlze mexuTed naklebad mitropolitis
sisxli.
27. didebuls quemoTis, Suas Tavadis sisxli Svidas samocdarva Tumani.
amasTan, asre didebulis saxlis kacis sisxli. amasTan, asre ebiskopozis
sisxli.
28. amas quemoTs, mesames Tavadis sisxli samas oTxmocdaoTxi Tumani.
amasTan, asre arqimandritis sisxli.
29. gadidebulis aznauris sisxli as oTxmocdaTormeti Tumani. amasTan
asre winamZRvris sisxli.
30. amas quemoTis, Suas aznauris sisxli oTxmocdaTequsmeti Tumani.
amasTan, asre mRdel-monoznis sisxli. amasTanve, amis mexuTed sisxldaklebiT, _ mwiris monoznisa. am Suas aznauris mTelis sisxlis toladve
didebulis didvaWris moqalaqis sisxli.
31. calmogvis, mesames aznauris sisxli ormocdarva Tumani, amasTan, asre
mRvdlis sisxli. amasTan didebulis vaWris quemoTis, meores vaWris
sisxli.
32. amasTan, asre daklebiT, msaxuris sisxli ocdaoTxi Tumani. amasTan
mTavar-diakvnis sisxli. amasTan Suas vaWris quemoT, mesames vaWris sisxli.
64. magram kaci rom cols stanjvides da upatiurad epyrobodes, da
urigos uSurebodes, mefem is kaci daabas, datuqsos, avad miepyras da
kaTalikozmac asre uyos.
sxva amas garda Tu ram col-qrmobaSi urigo ram modes, is kaTalikozman
icis.
65. Tu colman qmari moklas anu wamliT anu, sxva riTme, gasinjeT,
risTvis mouklavs. Tu aseTi ram eqnas, rom emarTlebodes, Tqven iciT; da Tu
ubralo mokla, egec Tqven iciT. R Tn nu qnas, da Tu Cvens JamSi moda, Cven
viciT.
Tu colman qmars an sces, an daWras, didi gvema da tanjva uyos
kaTalikozman.
66. coli da qmari ragind sZulden erTmaneTsa, ubralod gayra ar iqnebis,
kaTalikozma wurTniT unda Searigos.
79. agreve modeba, ded-mamaSi sxvac ram umarTebulo modes. Tu gamoCndes,
kaTalikozma da mefem gardaadevinos; Tu ar gamoCndes, moZRvarma icis misi
sakanono.
106. sasaflao, xati, jvari, saydris mamuli erTia. Tu ar gahyofen, isi
sjobs, saydris ymasa.
[ebiskopozis beiTalmalisa asre iqnas] 175. ebiskopozis beiTalmali Cvens
mixdomaSi srulobiT saydrisa unda iyos, magrame viTac saqarTvelo Raribi
da usaqonlo queyana aris, agre rigad arc elmwifis Semosavali aris, verc
aras ebiskopozis Zma da saxlis kaci ebiskopozisagan iSoebs rasme misgan,
rome ebiskopozis damarxva SeiZlos, amitom uwinac ase yofila garigebuli da
aRarc Cven movSaleT.
asre iqnebodes. romelic saydris rigi da iaraRi ebizkopozs iq
daxudomia, imas gardais kidev Tu TviTon Tavis JamSi an Tavis kondakiT da an
saydris mamulidam saydrisaTvis gaukeTebia ram da Seuwiravs, is saydars ar
moeSlebis.
da imaT gareTad Tu ram darCebis TeTri, farCa, vercxli, puri, Rvino da
pirutyui, imisgan erTi wili saelmwifo aris, erTi wili saydrisa, erTi
wili ebiskopozis Zmebisa, rom ebiskopozi damarxon.
[bolosityvaoba]. q. TviT, TaviT TvisiT aRmometyueli wignisa amis
samsajulosa da momRebeli winaSe yovelTa myofTa da yofadTa, Ze mefeTa da
ganmgebeli qarTvelTa erTa, batoniSvili vaxtang, kualad vityvi Tquenda.
eha, warCinebulno da R Tisa erTuflebisa da samTviTebis gulmurvlad
madidebelno
da
Seuorgulebulno
sakuTarno
mamano,
kaTalikozno,
ebiskopozno, mitrapolitno, winamZRvarno, mRrdelno da sxvano samRrToganno,
da Semdgomad Cvenda mefeno, ufliswulno, didebulno, Tavadno, aznaurno da
yovelno myofno qarTlisano, romelni hgiebT da kvalad sxvani egebodeT, da
ixilevdeT naRvawTa da werebulTa wignTa amaT sasamarTloTa, Cven mier
TqmulTa da Tqvenda momarT moRebulsa, pirvelve dasawyisman wignisa
amisamanve gamcnosT da munve mogiTxrasT, Tu viTar mizez veqmeniT aRwerad
TviToeulad samarTalTa.
friadiTa SromiTa da mravlisa gamomeZieblobiTa TviT vigulismodgineT.
romelsa zedan mowmoba darTes erTa CvenTa srulobiT samRrToTa da gina
samedroTaman, brZenman da monaxulman, yovelmanve erTbamad. da ese esreT ars
Semzadebuli.
xolo sxvanic zemore xsenebulni wignebi sasamarTloni didTa samefoTani,
moviZieT da moviReviT, da mravlis sasjeliTa vidre welTa meoredmde
qalaqsa
tfilisisa,
saRmrToTasamsjelm-marTebelosa
palatsa
Sina,
yovelTa Txemisa samociqulos eklesiisaTa, Tan-Tnebo-zraxva-jer-CinebiTa
yovlad sanatrelsa, TT misve sadaviTos sqesiTisa mefis Zis antoni
patriarqisaTa, sruliad saqarTvelos msajulvelisaTa, romelTa saukunomca
arian kurTxevani;
vinadgan pirvel amaTsa warmarTni mefeni flobdes qarTvelTa, ranTa,
kaxTa da yovlobiTad ersa RmrTisasa da qristes cxovarTa ara avlendes
wrfelad mwvanvilovansa, aramed aZovebdes ekalTa da kurosavTa zeda; da
amaT mizezTa mier naTlad sja da sjuls-xedva mifarul iyo da umecrebiTa
werilisaTa ganryunil iyo da dakninebul kanuni da wesi eklesiisa.
maSin RmTis msaxurman mefeman, yovlad sanatrelman patriaqman, wmidaTa
mitropolitTa,
arqiepiskoposTa,
arqimanditTa
da
mRdelTa
sulisa
mxurvalebiTa, miiRes pirvelad mtkice brZaneba wmidisa saxarebisa da
samociqulos kanunisa da wmidaTa SvidTa msoflioTa krebaTa, da wamebiTa
maTiTa aRavses naklulevaneba eklesiisa, daamtkicnes da dawernes kanuni ese
kz Tav-Taveoanad, Tvesa noenmbersa ig, dResa kviriakesa, qristes aqeT aTas
Sdas ormocdarva:
[2]1. uflis qristes sZalsa, eklesiis Sina wmida trapezsa zeda, Tnier
saxarebisa, samkveTlosa, odikisa da juaris, nuravin xel-yofs Jamis-wirvad.
2. ityvis wmida ese RmrTiv kreba, raTa aqundes sakurTxevelsa kankels,
samni karni: saSual, imer da amier, romel ese friad jer-ars. da kulad
simciris da iwroebisaTs eklesiisa, orni oden qmnan karni. xolo erTisa
karisa qmnas nuravin ikadrebs, rameTu ujero ars da uSver saqme ese. xolo
kankeli SeZlebisaebr, romlisaca risme qmnan nivTisa.
3. odes iqmnes JamTagan daZvelebuli da daglejili wmida odiki, gina
damwvari cecxliTa saSual anu kerZo misi, gina gardaufareblad da SiSvlad
iyos wmida trapezi, amaT mizezTa mier wmida msxverplis Sewirva
dagviyenebia.
4. ama krebisa Semdgomad vamcnebT yovelTa marTlmorwmuneTa qristianeTa:
ukueTu vinme inebon gulsmodginebiT aRSeneba RmrTisa eklesiisa, jer-ars
maTda, raTa wmida trapezi sakurTxevels saSuals zeda daafuZnon, raTa
gare Semouvliden mRdelni, xolo kedelsa zeda aRkrva wmidis trapezisa
ujero ars da nuravin ikadrebs.
5. vamcnebT episkoposTa sityvierTa cxovarTasa, raTa umecarni werilisani
sadiakonni da samRdeloni, romelTa ara uwyoden wakiTxva keTilad wmidisa
saxarebisa, samociqulos ebistolisa, kurTxevnisa da kondakisa, ara miiRon
maT zeda kurTxeva da niWi sulisa wmidisa, romel-ese sruliad gangvigdies,
rameTu viTar egebis umecarTagan msaxureba wmidisa trapezisa.
6. Jamsa wmidisa Jamis-wirvisasa, ukeTu oden ara aqvndes mRdelsa sanTeli
aRsanTebelad da sakmeveli kmevad, nu ikadreben wirvad, aramed daecados.
[3] 7. ukeTu oden ipovnen mRdelni eklesiisani, saeriskacoTa mokliTa
samosliTa mosilni aRkvarTulad, ganiwvarTnen episkoposisagan, rameTu friad
uSvereba ars maTda da Rirs arian kicxevisa.
8. qalaqTa Sina, gina sofelTa Sina, anu simravlesa Sina erisasa ukeTu
oden ipovnen mRdelni samxedroTa saWurveliTa aRWurvilni, vamcnebT
uSverebaTa maTTa: anu dadvan saWurveli da maxli maTi, da ukeTu kula ara
isminon, gardaeyenen mRdelobisagan.
Tvinier dasabamisa mis, ricxvsa rvasa da srul iqmnes orsave kerZosa ricxvi
rva, _ mexuTe erT kerZosa da mexuTe meorisa kerZosa _ ese mexuTeni
SeiuRvlian urTierTas. da ama mexuTeTa naklebs aravis ganuCinebT qmnad
qorwinebisa.
21. ganvakrZalebT zogad yovelTa marTlmadidebelTa qristeaneTa, raTa
aravin miiyvanos colad, uwesoTa qorwinebiTa, dedakaci gantevebuli
qmrisagan, rameTu cxadad mruSebisa bralsa Sina STaeflvis, viTarca
mogviRebies wmidisagan saxarebisa qristes naTqvami saRmTo brZaneba, viTarmed:
`romelman gantevebuli SeirTos, manca imruSao~; da amas Tana ewamebian
samociqulonica kanuni da erTxmobiT wmidani Sdni msoflioni krebani da
ufrosRa didi basili.
amisTs Cvenca erTxmobiT Tana-miuxmaebT da davamtkicebT Tqmulsa maTsa,
raTa romelTaca esxnen usjulod Seyofilni, qmrisagan gantevebulni,
memruSeni dedakacni, myis daixsnas da dairRos uweso da usjulo qorwineba
maTi, da amieridgan aravis xel-ewifos qmnad eseviTarisa cTomilis bWobisa,
xolo eseviTarni memruSeTa Tana gardaisebian (sic) kanunsa da uZressaca,
rameTu cxad ars brali codvisa maTisa.
22. xolo ukeTu enebos visme qorwineba wignis mkiTxvelsa mgalobelsa [da]
aRslva xarisxsa mRdelobisasa, pirvel kerZo diakonad kurTxevisa miiyvanos
colad qalwuli, viTar aTormetisa wlisa, gina aTsametisa da qorwinebis
ziarebiTa akurTxos mRdelman SeerTxorcva maTi, da Semdgomad SeerTebisa
aRvides xarisxsa kerZo diaknobisasa, da merme mRdelobisasa.
xolo ukeTu ara yon esreT, aramed iqorwinon qalisa Tana uasakosa, gina
Cvilisa, da xelTdasxmul iqmnen diakvnad da xucad da maSinRa gaxrwnan
colni maTni, romel-ese sruliad ugulisxmoebisa saqme ars da gansagdebel
da dayenebul Cven yovelTa mier.
23. meoTxes da mexuTes, gina uwesosa mraval qorwinebas sruliad
aRfxuris da ganaZebs eklesi[i]T msoflio ese RmrTiv kreba.
24. eseca dayenebul ars Cven yovelTa mier, raTa amieridgan arRara
eqorwinos marTlmadidebeli kaci mwvalebelsa, gina sxva sarwmunoebiansa
dedakacsa, gina marTlmadidebeli dedakaci mwvalebels mamakacs, rameTu ara
jer-ars erTisa baksa Sina slva cxvrisa da mglisa.
25. nu odes nuca aRiqmen Svilsa mwvalebelTasa naTlisRebisa mier
marTlmadidebelni, da nuca svinad daiyeneben mwvalebelsa marTlmorwmuneni.
ukeTu kula ara Tavs idvan esreT, wmidisa ziarebisgan ganiyenebian, ara
naTlad slvisa Semwynarebelni igi.
26. amasca vikadrebT RmrTismsaxurebisa TqvenisaTs, keTilmorwmuneno
mefeno:
raTa
saepiskoposni
eklesiaTa
agarakni
da
dabani,
anu
sa[a]rqimandritoTa da winamZRvarTa monasterTani eriskacTa ar xelewifebodes damZlavrebad, mamulad Tsad mitaceba da damkdreba. amas
wminda ese kreba rjul-gidebT, gevedrebiT da gamcnebT eseviTarisa
ganyenebisa erisagan.
27. sruliad ganCinebiTa ganagdebs saRmrTo kreba amas, raTa amieriTgan
aravin ikadros Seyvaneba zvarakisa, gina cxvrisa, anu sxvisa pirutyvisa
karisbWesa Sina eklesiisasa da daklva mas Sina, gina sisxlis cxeba karTa da
zRurblTa eklesiisaTa, rameTu kerpmsaxurTa ars saqme ese da ara wes-ars
qristeaneTa.
) genaTisa. samwyso: zemo-imereTi (teritoria genaTis Zveli eparqiisa), exlandeli Sorapnis mazra da okriba md. wyalwiTelas zemod. kaTedra
mRvdelmTavrisa gelaTSi, rezidencia q. zestafonSi. mRvdelmTavris
pativi: `genaTeli episkopozi~.
T) nikorwmidisa. samwyso: raWa (teritoria nikorwmidis Zveli eparqiisa), exlandeli raWis mazra. kaTedra nikorwmidaSi, rezidencia mRvdelmTavrisa
onSi. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `nikorwmideli episkopozi~.
i) cagerisa. samwyso: leCxum-svaneTi (teritoria cageris Zveli eparqiisa),
exlandeli leCxumis mazra. kaTedra cagerSi, mRvdelmTavris rezidencia
iqve. pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `cagereli episkopozi~.
ia) Wyondidisa. samwyso: odiSi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: Wyondidis,
caiSisa da walenjixasi), exlandeli senakisa da zugdidis mazrebi. kaTedra
mwyemsmTavrisa martvilSi, rezidencia q.foTSi. pativi mwyemsmTavrisa aris
- `Wyondideli mitropoliti~.
ib) baTom-Semoqmedisa. samwyso: guria, taoklarjeTi da WaneTi (teritoria
Zveli eparqiebisa: xinowmidisa imave baTomis, Semoqmedis, jumaTis,
satrafelasi, tbeTis, anCis, iSxanisa da banis), rasac Seicavs: ruseTis
sazRvrebSi exlandeli ozurgeTis mazra, baTomis, arTvinis da olTisis
olqebi, xolo osmaleTis sazRvrebSi olqebi: TorTomi, kiskimi, ispiri,
rize, aTina da xofa. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa q.baTomSi da rezidencia iqve.
pativi mRvdelmTavrisa: `baTomel-Semoqmedeli episkopozi~.
ig) cxum-bediisa (teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: drandisa imave cxumis,
bediisa, moqvisa da biWvinTisa). exlandeli soxumis olqi gagris ubnis
mimatebiT. kaTedra mRvdelmTavrisa cxumSi (soxumSi), rezidencia iqve.
mRvdelmTavris pativi aris - `cxumel-bedieli episkopozi~.
S e n i S v n a
1 .
mitropolitebi pativiT episko[pozebze maRla dganan. samitropolito kaTedrebi
ierarqiulad Tanasworni arian, agreTve saepiskopozo kaTedrebi. mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul iqmnebian xeldasxmis (qirotoniis)
uxucesobis mixedviT. gamonaklisia mxolod tfileli mitropoliti, rodesac igi faqtiurad kaTolikozis mosaydreobas asrulebs.
S e n i S v n a
2. am siis Secvla da Sevseba sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis.
$3. saqarTvelos eklesias mTlianad da nawilobriv (eparqias, olqsa da
samrevlos) ganageben krebebi (sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiisa, saeparqio,
saolqo da samrevlo), romelTac aRmasrulebel organoebad hyavs sabWoebi
(sakaTolikozo, saeparqio, saolqo da samrevlo).
mTavari
gamgeoba
$4.
saqarTvelos
eklesias
ganagebs
sruliad
saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba, romelsac Seadgens eklesiis srul-wlovan
wevrTa warmomadgenlebi, ganurCevlad sqesisa, Tanamdebobisa da xarisxisa,
TiToeul olqidan oTx-oTxi kaci, amaT garda saeklesio krebis aucilebel
wevrebad iTvlebian yvela mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi.
$5. sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebas Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozi,
xolo, roca igi ar aris, misi mosaydre, da Tu mosaydrec ar aris, erT-erTi
mRvdelmTavari krebis arCeviT. krebave airCevs prezidiumis danarCen wevrebsa
da mdivnebs. kreba aris Cveulebrivi xuT weliwadSi erTxel, da
araCveulebrivi roca saWiroeba moiTxovs, Cveulebriv krebas iwvevs
kaTolikozi, xolo araCveulebrivs an kaTolikozi, an sakaTolikozo sabWo,
saeparqio sabWoTa umravlesobis TanxmobiT. kreba kanonieria, Tu mowveulTa
erTi mesamedi mainc gamocxaddeba.
$6. sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a)
adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonmdebloba; b) uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali; g)
Suamdgomlobis aRZrva; ) zrunva samRvdeloebis qonebrivad uzrunvelyofisaTvis; T) zrunva samsaxuridan gasul samRvdelo pirTa, saeklesio
moxeleTa da samRvdelobis qvriv-obolTaTvis; i) zrunva saRmrTo da
saeklesio-saRvTismsaxuro wignTa Sedgenisa, Sesworebisa da gamocemisaTvis;
ia) mRvdelmTavarTa, Tanaxmad maTis Txovnisa, samsaxuridan ganTavisufleba;
ib) reviziis daniSvna sxva da sxva saWiroebaTa da SemTxvevaTa gamo; ig)
eparqiebisa
da
saeklesio
dawesebulebaTa
xarjTaRricxvis
ganxilvadamtkiceba; id) saeparqio da sxva da sxva saeklesio dawesebulebaTa wliuri
angariSebis ganxilva da mTeli sakaTolikozos wliuri angariSis Sedgena
krebisaTvis warsadgenad; ie) saeklesio uZrav qonebaTa SeZena-ganTvisebis
damtkiceba; iv) sabolood garCeva da damtkiceba saeparqio sabWoTagan
Semosul saqmeTa; iz) nebarTva sakaTolikozoSi nebayoflobiTi Sewirulebis
saqvelmoqmedo mizniT Sekrebisa; i) sxva avtokefalur eklesiebTan
urTierTobis daWera; iT) winaswari muSaoba sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio
krebis mowvevisaTvis da agreTve am krebaze gansaxilvel sakiTxTa damuSaveba
da masalebis Sekreba; k) xelmZRvaneloba kaTolikozis arCevnebisa; ka) micema
droebiTis
Tavisuflebisa,
erT
Tveze
metis
vadiT,
episkopozebisa,
sakaTolikozo sabWosa da sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos wevrebisa da
sabWos damxmare organoTa gamgeTaTvis; kb) ganxilva da gadawyveta im
saqmeebisa, romelnic saeparqio sabWoebidan gadmoecema; kg) zrunva galobis
aRdgena-gamSvenebisaTvis; kd) zrunva saarqeologio naSTTa dacvisaTvis.
$10. kaTolikozi. saWeTmpyroblad (mTavar-winamZRvrad) eklesiisa iTvleba
mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikoz-patriarqi,
romelsac
irCevs
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
yvela
srulwlovani
wevri
pirdapiris, sayovelTao, Tanasworis da farulis xmis micemiT.
S e n i S v n a : sakaTolikozo kandidatisaTvis berobis miReba savaldebulo araa. fizikurisa da zneobrivis mxriT
igi unda akmayofilebdes saeklesio kanonTa moTxovnilebas da unda hqondes miRebuli umaRlesi sazogado ganaTleba da Sesaferi
saRvTismetyvelo momzadeba.
$11. kaTolikoz-patriarqi aris `pirveli TanasworTa Soris~ (mociq. kan. 34)
da misi kompetencia
aseTia: a) is Tavmjdomareobs sruliad saqarTvelos
saeklesio krebas, sakaTolikozo sabWos da sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos; b)
mwyemsmTavrulad mimoixilavs sakaTolikozos eparqiebs da xelmZRvanelobas
uwevs episkopozebs saeparqio mTavar-gamgeobaSi; g) mis saxels ixsenieben
wirva-locvis dros sakaTolikozos mRvdelmTavarni da samRvdeloeba; d) igi
aZlevs droebiTs Tavisuflebas: episkopozebs, sakaTolikozo sabWoisa da
sasamarTlois wevrebs da sabWois damxmare organoTa gamgeebs ara umetes
erTi Tvisa weliwadSi, xolo saeparqio marTva-gamgeobis organoTa da
sasamarTlos Tavmjdomareebs da wevrebs ori Tvidan da mets; e) agreTve
aZlevs daTxovniTs sigelebs im episkopozebs, romelnic eparqiidan droebiT
sxvagan sadme midian; v) rogorc Tavmjdomare sakaTolikozo sasamarTlosi,
igi iRebs saCivars episkopozTa, sakaTolikozo sabWos da sasamarTlos
wevrTa, saeparqio krebaTa da saeparqio dawesebulebaTa (sabWos da
sasamarTlos) Sesaxeb da aZlevs am saCivars kanonier msvlelobas; z) rogorc
Tavmjdomare sakaTolikozo sabWosi, is zrunavs uepiskoposod darCenil
eparqiebisaTvis; ) saWiro SemTxvevaSi, sabWos mindobilobiT, is aZlevs
rCevas da mwyemsmTavrul SeniSvnas episkopozebsa da saeparqio marTvagamgeobis organoTa da sasamarTlois Tavmjdomareebsa da wevrebs; T)
sabWosave
mondobilobiT
imas
miwer-mowera
aqvs
sxva
avtokefalur
eklesiebTan da saxelmwifos
Cveulebriv
saeklesio
krebas
umravlesobis TanxmobiT.
umaRles dawesebulebebTan; i)
da
araCveulebrivs
saeparqio
moiwvevs
sabWoTa
SemTxvevaSic,
roca
amas
moiTxovs
ara
umcires
samrevlois
20-is
srulwlovanis wevrisa. kreba TiTon irCevs Tavmjdomares da, Tu saWiroa,
mdivansac. kreba kanonieria, ukeTu masze samrevlois yvela srulwlovan
wevrTa mesamedi mainc gamocxaddeba, xolo Tu kreba pirvel mowvevaze ar
Sesdga, meored igi kanonieria, ramdeni wevric unda gamocxaddes.
$29. samrevlos krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis: a) arCeva krebulisa da
samrevlo sabWos wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa, agreTve samrevlos
molarisa (uwindeli `mnaTisa~); b) eklesiisa da krebulis SenaxvisaTvis
zrunva; g) samarTalSi micema samrevlo sabWois wevrebisa samsaxuris
aRsrulebis dros uflebis aRmatebisa da borotmoqmedebisaTvis; d) aRZrva
saqmisa saolqo anu saeparqio sasamarTloebis winaSe krebulis wevrTa
Sesaxeb maTi uTanado moqmedebisa da cudi yofaqcevisaTvis; e) zrunva
eklesiis
ganSvenebisa
da
keTilmowyobisaTvis;
v)
zrunva
samrevlos
sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi srulyofisa da mis saganmanaTleblo-saqvelmoqmedo
dawesebulebaTaTvis; z) zrunva sakrebulo saxlisa da sasaflaosaTvis; )
daniSvna sarevizio komisiis wevrebisa samrevlo sabWos moqmedebisa da
angariSis
gansaxilvelad;
T)
arsebul
samrevlos
gayofis
Sesaxeb
Suamdgomlobis aRZrva; i) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra uZrav-moZravi qonebis
SeZenisa da ganTvisebis Sesaxeb; ia) aReba iseTis sesxisa, romelinic
samrevlos Tviur Semosavals aRemateba; ib) Suamdgomlobis aRZrva taZris
kapitalurad gadakeTebis Sesaxeb, roca trapezis aSlaa saWiro; ig) arCeva
delegatebisa saolqo krebisaTvis.
$30. samrevlo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris samrevlo sabWo, romelic
Sedgeba ara umcires eqvsisa da ara umetes Tormetis wevrisa, romelTac
irCevs samrevlo kreba sami wlis vadiT. samrevlo sabWos Tavmjdomareobs
eklesiis winamZRvari, xolo roca igi ar aris, maSin sabWo TviTon irCevs
Tavmjdomares Tvis Soris. sabWos sxdomebi imarTeba TveSi erTxel, xolo, Tu
saWiroeba moiTxovs, ufro xSirad, saqmeebi wydeba ubralo xmis umetesobiT,
xolo, roca xmebi Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri upitaresobs, romelsac
Tavmjdomare emxroba.
S e n i S v n a . sabWos wevrad, agreTve molared irCeva rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.
$31. samrevlo sabWos kompetencia aris: a) eklesiis uZrav-moZravi qonebis
marTva-gamgeoba; b) yovelgvari
statistikuri cnobis Sekreba, rasac ki
samrevlos marTva-gamgeobisaTvis aqvs raime mniSvneloba; g) akrefa saeklesio
gadasaxadisa mrevlSi da misi daniSnulebisamebr moxmareba; d) zrunva
eklesiisa da krebulis Sesanax saSualebaTa gasaZliereblad; e) zrunva
taZrisa da RvTismsaxurebis keTil-mowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva qvriv-obolTa da
gaWirvebulTaTvis qvelmoqmedebis wesiT; z) aRZrva saqmisa im pirTa
winaaRmdeg, romelnic eklesiasa da morwmuneTa sarwmunoebrivs grZnobas
Selaxaven; ) mowveva samrevlo krebisa da winaswari damuSaveba im
sakiTxebisa, romelic krebam unda ganixilos; T) gamgeoba samrevlo
sasaflaosi; i) samrevlo qonebisa da Tanxebis yovelTviuri Semowmeba; ia)
Tavisi moqmedebis wliuri angariSis Sedgena saolqo sabWosa da samrevlo
krebisaTvis warsadgenad.
S e n i S v n a . samrevlo sabWos aucilebeli wevria samrevlo molare (uwindeli `mnaTe~), romelic awarmoebs
wmida sanTlis operacias, iRebs samrevlo Tanxmebs da inaxavs sakredito dawesebulebebSi, awarmoebs Semosaval-gasavlis wignsa
da adgens samrevlois Semosaval-gasavlis wliur angariSs. molares irCevs samrevlo kreba sami wlis vadiT.
$32. krebuli. krebulis aucilebel wevrad iTvlebian: mRvdeli da wignismkiTxveli, xolo, sadac SeZlebaa, iq samrevlos diakonica (mTavari) hyavs.
S e n i S v n a
1 . diakoni da wignis-mkiTxveli arian mxolod TanaSemweni mRvdlisa da uimisod
araviTari mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesruleba ar SeuZlianT samrevloSi.
S e n i S v n a
2 . erTsa da imave samrevloSi ori mRvdlis yofna sasurveli ar aris; magram, Tu amas
moiTxovs samrevlos sidide da aucilebeli saWiroeba, samrevlos SeuZlia Tavis winamZRvars TanaSemwed meore mRvdeli misces.
$33. mRvdeli. mRvdeli valdebulia: a) mudam Tavis mrevlSi scxovrobdes da
samrevlo ar dastovos, gansakuTrebiT roca iq raime moaruli seni gaCndeba
da roca samrevlos gansacdeli ram moelis; b) gansakuTrebul Tvalyurs
adevnebdes sakuTars yofaqcevas, rogorc sazogadoebaSi, ise Tavis saxlSi; g)
asrulos sazogadoebrivi RvTismsaxureba dawesebul dros; d) mrevlis
moTxovnilebisamebr aasrulos saWiro mRvdelmoqmedeba; e) Tvalyuri adevnos
taZrisa da saRvTismsaxuro sagnebis sisufTavesa da keTilSvenierebas; v)
Tvalyuri adevnos mrevlSi saeklesio disciplinisa da zneobis dacvas; z)
roca samsaxuris dros ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb eWvi daebadeba, movalea
axsna-ganmartebisaTvis saolqo an saeparqio sabWos mihmarTos; ) mis
upirveles movaleobas Seadgens eklesiaSi qadageba da sazogadod swavlamoZRvreba; T) mRvdeli movalea RvTismsaxurebis dros kaTolikozisa da
Tavisi episkopozis saxeli moixsenios; i) agreTve movalea krebulis sxva
wevrTa saSualebiT saeklesio sabuTebi awarmoos; ia) Tavis samrevloSi
mRvdels ufleba aqvs sxvis mRvdels romlisame mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesrulebis
neba ar misces.
$34. krebulis wevrebs irCevs samrevlo kreba, romelsac am SemTxvevaSi
xelmZRvanelobas uwevs saolqo sabWo Tavisi warmomadgenlis SemweobiT.
arCevis Semdeg saolqo sabWos warmomadgeneli Seadgens saarCevno sigels,
romelsac warudgens saolqo sabWos, xolo es ukanaskneli Tavisi
daskvniTurT saeparqio sabWos dasamtkiceblad. saeparqio sabWos ufleba
aqvs samrevlos dasabuTebuli uari uTxras da axali kandidatis arCeva
mosTxovos. krebis mier meored arCeuli kandidati unda damtkicebul iqmnas
sabWos mier.
$35. samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidati unda iyos moqalaqeobrivad
srulwlovani, xolo wignis mkiTxvelad SeiZleba ufro axalgazrdac airCes.
fizikurad samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidati unda akmayofilebdes
saeklesio kanonebis moTxovnilebas. rac Seexeba maT zneobriv TvisebaTa
gamorkvevas, es mTlianad amomrCevelTa ndobisa da sindisis saqmea; samRvdelo
kandidats unda hqondes miRebuli saSualo sazogado ganaTleba da yovel
SemTxvevaSi
ara
umcires
sruli
progimnaziuli
ganaTlebisa.
amave
moTxovnilebas unda akmayofilebden, SeZlebisdagvarad, sadiakvno kandidatebi
da wignis mkiTxvelnic, romelTac unda icodnen RvTismsaxurebis wesebi da
saeklesio sabuTebis warmoeba, rac windawinve (arCevamde) unda iyos
Semowmebuli romelsame saeparqio sabWosagan.
S e n i S v n a . wignis-mkviTxvelad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.
saeklesio samarTali $36. saqarTvelos eklesiis samarTals eqvemdebareba
am eklesiis yvela wevri iseT saqmeSi saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa, zneobriv
cxovrebisa, saeklesio wyobilebisa da saeklesio samsaxuris winaaRmdeg,
romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia gansazRvruli sasjeli anu
zomebi zRvevisa da gasworebisa.
$46.
sakaTolikozo
sasamarTlos
eqvemdebareba:
a)
danaSaulobani,
romelTaTvisac
saeklesio
kanoniT
daniSnulia
eklesiis
wevrobidan
gamoricxva; b) saeparqio sabWoebis wevrTa da mRvdelmTavarTa danaSaulobani
samsaxurSi; g) gansaCivrebuli saqmeebi saeparqio sasamarTloebidan apelaciis
wesiT da saolqo sasamarTloebidan kasaciis wesiT.
uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali $47. uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali
sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebis xelSia ($6 da $40), romelic aris
pirveli da saboloo msjavris damdebi organo sakaTolikozo sabWos da
sakaTolikozo sasamarTlos wevrebisa. mas eqvemdebareba: a) kaTolikozisa da
sakaTolikozo sabWos da sasamarTlos wevrTa uTanado moqmedebani da
danaSaulobani samsaxurSi da b) gansaCivrebuli saqmeebi sakaTolikozo
sasamarTlodan apelaciis wesiT, xolo saeparqio sasamarTloebidan kasaciis
wesiT.
gadmobeWdilia wignidan - `debulebani miRebuli saqarTvelos 1917 wlis
saeklesio krebaze, tfilisi, stamba `cxovreba~, gabaanT Sesaxvevi, #4, 1917 w.
12. saqarTvelos meore saeklesio krebis (27.06.1920) mier gamocemuli `debuleba~
1918 wlis 26 maiss gamocxadda saqarTvelos saxelmwifo-ebriobis aRdgena,
warmoiSva damoukidebeli `saqarTvelos respublika~. I-el msoflio omSi
ruseTis
imperiis
marcxis
Semdeg
germaniisa
da
osmaleTis
mxarem
saqarTvelos gavlenian partiebsa da erovnul sabWos wauyena moTxovnaultimatumi gamoecxadebinaT saqarTvelos damoukidebeli saxelmwifos
daarseba,
winaaRmdeg
SemTxvevaSi
osmaleTi
moaxdenda
amierkavkasiis
okupirebas (rusis jarma am droisaTvis datova amierkavkasia). amis gamo,
amierkavkasiis samma xalxma (qarTvelebma, azerbaijanelebma da somxebma)
gamoacxades TavianTi saxelmwifo damoukidebloba. saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo
mmarTveloba Tavis xelSi aiRo im droisaTvis xalxSi popularulma socialdemokratiulma partiam, misma `menSevikurma~ frTam. es partia iqamde mudam
ibrZoda saqarTvelos damoukideblobis winaaRmdeg, TavgamodebiT icavda
`erTiani, ganuyofeli ruseTis~ ideas,
SemTxvevis wyalobiT, menSevikuri
partia moeqca im saxelmwifos saTaveSi, romlis warmoSobis winaaRmdegac
ibrZoda aTwleulebis manZilze. aman asaxva pova mis damokidebulebaSi
qarTuli eklesiisadmi. cxadia, maT ver Seafases qarTuli eklesiis
mniSvneloba.
amitomac 1920 wlis 27 ivniss gamarTulma saeklesio krebam imsjela
mTavrobis mier eklesiis mimarT gamotanili gadawyvetilebaTa Sesaxeb da
aRniSna, rom didad ilaxeboda eklesiis da morwmune eris interesebi.
II kreba Seexo eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis debulebas. krebam gaauqma
Tbilisis samitropolito kaTedra, gaaerTiana mcxeTisa da Tbilisis
eparqiebi, romelic Sevida kaTolikos-patriarqis iurisdiqciaSi.
krebam SeimuSava marTva-gamgeobis axali debuleba; kaTolikoz-patriarqad
daamtkica uwmidesi da unetaresi leonide.
dRisa (sxdomas unda daeswros tfilisSi myof wevrTa ori mesamedi mainc) da
Tu am sxdomaze gamotanili ganCinebac ver gaiziara kaTolikozma, ukanasknels
SeuZlia an SeaCeros saqmis warmoeba, an gadasces igi gansaxilvelad
umaxlobeles periodul krebas, an sisruleSi moiyvanos Tavisi winadadeba
perioduli krebis winaSe piradis pasuxismgeblobiT.
SeniSvna: am gvari protestis ufleba aqvs mxolod kaTolikoz-patriarqs.
$16. roca sabWoSi irCeva saCivari Tavmjdomaris anu sabWos wevris ukanono
moqmedebaTa gamo, dainteresebul pirs neba aqvs darCes darbazSi saqmis
moxsenebis dros da miawodos sabWos saWiro ganmarteba, magram, roca sabWo
Seudgeba ganCinebis gamotanas, ueWvelad unda dastovos darbazi.
SeniSvna: roca saCivari exeba Tavmjdomaris (kaTolikozis) ukanono moqmedebas, sabWos Tavmjdomareobs uxucesi damswre
mRvdelTmTavarTagan.
$17. sabWos ganCinebas xels awers yvelazed uwin Tavmjdomare da mas ukan
yvela im sxdomaze damswre wevri, miuxedavad imisa, Tanaxma iyo igi
gamotanili ganCinebisa, Tu ara.
$18. sabWos wevrTa Soris saqmeTa ganawileba da maTi warmoebis wesi xdeba
sabWosve ganCinebiT. Tu romelime wevri ar asrulebs Tavis movaleobas da
xels uSlis saqmis normalurad warmoebas, sakaTolikozo sabWos eZleva
ufleba misi gadayenebisa da mis adgilzed kandidatis mowvevisa. amis Sesaxeb
sakaTolikozo sabWo valdebulia, moaxsenos morig saeklesio krebas,
msjavris dasadebad.
$19. sakaTalikozo sabWos samsaxuris mxriT eqvemdebarebian rogorc
mRvdelmTavarni da sasuliero pirni, agreTve saeklesio dawesebulebani da
maTSi mosamsaxureni, xolo sarwmunoebisa da saeklesio disciplinis mxriT
yoveli wevri saqarTvelos eklesiisa. sabWos dadgenilebani savaldebuloa
yvela saeklesio dawesebulebaTa da eklesiis wevrTaTvis; imaTi Secvla
SeuZlia mxolod sabWos da periodul krebas. sakaTolikozo sabWo Tavisi
funqciebis aRsrulebis dros xelmZRvanelobs saRmrTo weriliT, msoflio da
adgilobrivi (maT Soris saqarTvelos eklesiis) krebaTa dadgenilebiT da
saxelmwifoSi moqmed kanonmdeblobiT. sakaTolikozo sabWos aqvs damxmare
organoebi, kancelaria da sxva.
$20. sakaTolikozo sabWos anu mudmiv krebas eqvemdebareba Semdegi saqmeebi:
a) zrunva saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa da qarTuli RvTismetyvelebis
ayvavebisa da Seuryvnelad dacvisaTvis; b) zrunva samwysoTa sarwmunoebrivzneobrivi warmatebisaTvis; g) saWiroebaTa mixedviT arsebul kanonTa
farglebSi gankargulebis gamocema da droebiT, morig saeklesio krebamde,
cxovrebaSi misi gatareba; d) Tvalyuris devneba mis qveviT mdgom pirTa da
dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; e) zrunva monasterTa, taZarTa, saqvelmoqmedo da
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa keTil-mowyobisaTvis; v) ganxilva da
saTanado
dawesebulebaTa
winaSe
Suamdgomlobis
aRZvra
monasterTa,
eklesiaTa, saqvelmoqmedo da samoswavlo-saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa
daarsebis Sesaxeb; z) saTanado saxelmwifo dawesebulebaTa da Tanamdebobis
pirTa winaSe saeklesio saqmeTa gamo Suamdgomlobis aRZvra; ) zrunva
samRvdeloebis qonebrivad uzrunvel-yofisaTvis; T) zrunva samsaxuriTgan
gasul
samRvdelo
pirTa,
saeklesio
dawesebulebaTa
moxeleTa
da
samRvdelobis
qvriv-obolTaTvis;
i)
zrunva
saRmrTo
da
saeklesiosaRvTismsaxuro wignTa Sedgenisa, Sesworebisa da gamocemisaTvis; ia)
mRvdelmTavarTa, Tanaxmad maTis moTxovnisa, samsaxuriTgan ganTavisufleba;
SeniSvna 1. delegatad arCeva SeiZleba mxolod iseTi pirisa, romelic sam ukanasknel weliwadSi erTxel mainc ziarebula da
romelsac sasamarTlos mier ar aqvs CamorTmeuli anu SezRuduli sazogado krebaze daswrebis ufleba. samRvdeloTagan delegatad
airCeva iseTi piri, romelic weliwadSi orjer mainc ityvis aRsarebas Tavis moZRvarTan.
SeniSvna 2. warmomadgenelad ar SeiZleba arCeva mRvdlis xarisxiTgan gandgomilisa, an gankveTilisa.
SeniSvna 3. warmomadgenels olqis krebis wevrni irCeven Tvis Soris.
SeniSvna 4. krebis ueWvelni wevrni arian saeparqio sasamarTlos wevrni da TiTo warmomadgenelni eparqiis berTa da
monazonTa.
$29. krebas Tavmjdomareobs adgilobrivi mRvdelmTavari. Tu is ar aris,
kreba TviTon irCevs Tavmjdomares samRvdelo pirTa Soris. krebave irCevs
prezidiumis danarCen wevrebs da mdivnebs. kreba kanonieria, Tu masze
gamocxadda ara umcires mowveulTa naxevrisa.
$30. saeparqio krebis uflebas Seadgens a) saeparqio sasamarTlos wevrTa
da maTi kandidatebis arCeva; b) Tvalyuris devneba saeparqio cxovrebisa da
saeparqio dawesebulebaTa moqmedebisa; g) zrunva saeklesio, samoswavlo da
saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebaTa daarsebisa, gaumjobesebisa da nivTier
saSualebaTa
gamonaxvisaTvis
eparqiaSi;
d)
zrunva
galobis
gaumjobesebisaTvis da agreTve zrunva siZveleTa dacvisaTvis.
S e n i S v n a .
saepiskoposo krebis ganCineba Sedis ZalaSi, Tu mas emxroba adgilobrivi
mRvdelmTavari, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi, sakiTxi gadaecema sakaTolikozo sabWos.
saolqo mmarTveloba $31. olqs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobiT
ganagebs olqis mTavaruxucesi, romelic aRirCevis olqis krebis mier
samRvdelo pirTagan samis wlis vadiT, damtkiceba ki damokidebulia
saeparqio mTavrobaze.
SeniSvna: mTavaruxucess hyavs TanaSemwe, Tu amas saWirod dainaxavs saolqo kreba. TanaSemwe aRirCevis krebis mier
imave wesiT, rogorc mTavaruxucesi.
$32. mTavaruxucesi adgens a) saolqos wliur angariSs, romelsac
warudgens saolqo krebasa da saeparqio mTavrobas b) winaswar daamuSavebs
sakiTxebs, romelic saolqo krebas unda waredginos gansaxilvelad; g)
xelmZRvanelobas uwevs samrevlo krebebs krebulis wevrTa arCevnebSi; d)
iZleva saWiro cnobebs olqis dawesebulebaTa da mosamsaxure pirTa Sesaxeb,
roca amas
umaRlesi saeklesio dawesebulebani moiTxoven; e) zrunavs
moawesrigos
krebulis
wevrTa
Soris
amtydari
uTanxmoebani
saZmo
Semosavlisa da sazogadod sameurneo saqmeebis gamo, agreTve amave xasiaTis
uTanxmoebani krebulis wevrTa da samrevlo sabWoebs Soris da sxva; v) aZlevs
krebulis wevrTa Tavisuflebas ara umetes oris kvirisa.
$33. saeklesio olqSi Sedis aTidan ocda xuT samrevlomde, adgilobrivis
pirobebis mixedviT.
$34. olqis kreba Sesdgeba olqis krebulTa yvela wevrisagan da TviTeul
samrevlo sabWos imodena warmomadgenelTagan, ramdenic wevria krebulSi.
$35. saolqo kreba kanonieria, Tu maszed gamocxadda olqis samrevloTa
umravlesobis warmomadgenelni.
$36. krebas Tavmjdomareobs olqis mTavaruxucesi, an misi TanaSemwe.
$37. saolqo kreba aris Cveulebrivi, weliwadSi erTxel da araCveulebrivi
saWiroebisadagvarad.
$38. saolqo krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis a) arCeva delegatebisa saeparqio
da periodul saeklesio krebisaTvis, da mTavaruxucesisa da misi TanaSemwisa;
b)
zrunva
samrevloebSi
saeklesio
cxovrebis
mowesrigebisa
da
warmatebisaTvis; g) zrunva qvriv-obol-gaWirvebulTaTvis, da
sazogadod
antisabWoTa
politika.
Sesabamisad
axalma
debulebam
asaxa
krebis
suliskveTeba, sakaTalikozo sabWo gauqmda da mis nacvlad SemoRebul iqna
`sakaTalikozo sinodi~, yvela mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris da eqvsi sxva piris
wevrobiT2. krebam daamtkica eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis axali debuleba.
debuleba
saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisaTvis
debuleba ese miRebulia da damtkicebuli sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio
IV krebis mier 1927 wlis, ivnisis 21-27.
$1. marTva-gamgeobis mxriv saqarTvelos eklesia ganiyofeba eparqiebad,
eparqiebi - olqebad, xolo olqebi samrevloebad.
$2. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi Semdegi eparqiebia:
a) mcxeTa-tfilisisa, romlis mwyemsTmTavari aris mTavarepiskopozi mcxeTisa da
tfilisisa
da
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikoz-patriarqi.
samwyso:
saqarTvelos eklesiis wm. deda qalaqi mcxeTa, tfilisi da gare kaxeTi
(teritoria Zveli eparqiebis: mcxeTisa, tfilisisa, rusTavisa, kawareTisa da
ninowmidisa), rasac Seicavs exlandeli mcxeTa da nawili tfilisis mazrisa.
kaTedra eparqiisa aris mcxeTaSi (sveticxovelSi), xolo kaTolikozis
rezidencia-tfilisSi.
SeniSvna 1. kaTolikoz-patriarqis samwysos Seadgens saqarTvelos eklesiis wevrni, mcxovrebni sakaTolikozos gareT iseT
qveynebSi, sadac marTlmadidebeli episkopozi ar aris.
SeniSvna 2. rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi gardaicvleba, an mZime avadmyofobisa da sxva mizezTa gamo moklebuli iqneba
saSvalebas, gauwios xelmZRvaneloba saeklesio marTva-gamgeobas, sinodi gamoiwvevs erT-erT mRvdelTmTavars, daniSnavs mas
kaTolikoz-patriarqis Tanamosaydred; mosaydreoba uqmdeba, rodesac kaTolikoz-patriarqi Tavis adgilzea.
SeniSvna 3. qorepiskopozi SeiZleba hyavdes mxolod kaTolikoz-patriarqs. qorepiskopozis kandidaturas wamoayenebs kaTolikozpatriarqi, xolo misi wodeba damokidebulia mRvdelT-mTavarTa krebulze, qorepiskopozi wevria sinodisa.
b) wilknisa. samwyso: orisave aragvis, qsan-lexuris xeoba, gare qarTli,
saguramo da fSavxevsureTi (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa wilknisa, nawili
samTavisisa da samTavrosi), rasac Seicavs exlandeli duSeTis mazra da
nawili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqisa. kaTedra mRvdelTmTavrisa
wilkanSi, rezidencia droebiT sveticxovelTan; pativi mRvdelTmTavrisa
`wilkneli episkopozi~.
g) manglisisa. samwyso: sabaraTiano (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: manglisisa
da winwyarosi), rasac Seicavs exlandeli tfilisis mazris dasavleTis
nawili: wyneTi-TeleTis xazidan TeTri wyaro-manglisis xazamde. kaTedra
manglisSi, rezidencia tfilisSi. pativi mwyemsT-mTavrisa - `mangleli
episkoposi~.
d) agarak-walkisa, anu axtala-penteliTarisa (beStaSenis) (teritoria Zveli
eparqiebisa: walkisa, dmanisisa, bolnisisa da agarakisa), rasac Seicavs
exlandeli tfilisis mazris dasavleTis nawili, TeTr wyaro-manglisis
xazidan. borCalos da lori-bambakis mazrebi. kaTedra axtalaSi (agaraki),
rezidencia
tfilisSi,
pativi
mRvdelT-mTavrisa:
axtala-penteliTaris
(beStaSenis) episkopozi~.
kaTedra
mRvdelT-mTavrisa
q.baTomSi
da
rezidencia
iqve.
pativi
mRvdelmTavrisa: `baTomel-Semoqmedeli episkopozi~.
ie) cxum-afxazeTisasa (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: drandisa imave cxumisa,
bediisa, moqvisa da biWvinTisa), exlandeli afxazeTis sabWoTa avtonomiuri
respublika da zugdidis mazris nawili mdinare inguris dasavleTiT. kaTedra
mRvdelT-mTavrisa cxumSi (soxumSi), rezidencia iqve. mRvdelT-mTavris
pativi aris - `cxum-afxazeTis episkopozi~.
S e n i S v n a
4 .
mitropolitebi pativiT episko[pozebze maRla dganan. mwyemsmTavarni pativdebul
iqmnebian qirotoniis uxucesobis mixedviT.
S e n i S v n a
5. am siis Secvla da Sevseba sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis.
mTavari gamgeoba $3. saqarTvelos eklesias ganagebs saeklesio kreba,
romelzedac warmoigzavnebian warmomadgeneli TiToeuli eparqiidan oTxoTxi; amas garda qalaqebi warmogzavnian: tfilisi 12, quTaisi, cxumi,
baTomi, foTi, gori, Telavi, siRnaRi, axalcixe, ozurgeTi, liuqsemburgi orors, cxum-afxazeTi, walkis da baTom-Semoqmedis eparqiebis berZenTa eklesiebi
da rusTa or-ors. saeklesio krebis wevrebad iTvlebian yvela mmarTveli
mRvdelT-mTavarni, kaTolikoz-patriarqis qorepiskopozi da saqarTvelos
sakaTalikozo sinodis wevrebi.
SeniSvna 1. eparqiebisagan da qalaqebisagan warmogzavnil warmomadgenelTagan naxevari aucileblad sasuliero pirni unda
iyvnen.
SeniSvna 2. avadmyofobis dros mRvdelT-mTavars ufleba aqvs wargzavnos krebazed Tavisi warmomadgeneli.
SeniSvna 3. delegatad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes mRvdlis xarisxisagan gandgomil an gankveTili.
$4. sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio krebas Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikozi,
xolo, roca igi ar aris, misi mosaydre. kreba irCevs prezidiumis danarCen
wevrebs da mdivnebs. kreba aris perioduli sam weliwadSi erTxel, - da
mudmivi sakaTolikozo sinodis saxiT. periodul krebas iwvevs sakaTolikozo
sinodi. kreba kanonieria, Tu mowveulTa mesamedi mainc gamocxaddeba.
SeniSvna. ara Cveulebrivi kreba moiwveva saWiroebis mixedviT.
$5. saqarTvelos eklesiis perioduli krebis kompetencias eqvemdebareba: a)
adgilobrivi saeklesio kanonmdebloba; b) uzenaesi saeklesio samarTali; g)
sabolood garCeva da gadawyveta im saqmeebisa, romelTac mas sakaTolikozo
sinodi warudgens; d) arCeva sakaTolikozo sinodisa, anu mudmivi krebis
wevrebisa da maTi kandidatebisa; e) Zveli kaTedrebis aRdgena, axali
eparqiebis gaxsna an arsebul eparqiaTa daxurva da sazRvrebis gamijvna; v)
zrunva
sasuliero
saswavlebelTa
daarsebisa
da
nivTierad
uzrunvelyofisaTvis.
$6. mudmivi kreba, sakaTolikozo sinodi Sesdgeba yvela mmarTvel mRvdelT-mTavarTagan,
kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskopozisa da eqvsi wevrisagan. sinodis wevrebi
da maTi eqvsi kandidati aRirCevian saeklesio krebis mier, rogorc
delegatTa, ise ara delegatTagan. naxevari arCeuli wevrebisa da maTi
kandidatebisa uTuod samRvdelo pirni unda iyvnen.
SeniSvna: sinodi pasuxismgebelia saeklesio krebis winaSe.
$7. sinodis wevrni, agreTve maTi kandidatebi aRirCevian saeklesio krebis
mier samis wlis vadiT da SeuZlianT xel-axala arCeul iqmnen. sinods
Tavmjdomareobs kaTolikoz-patriarqi, xolo roca ar aris, misi mosaydre da
Tu mosaydrec ar aris damswre uxucesi mRvdelT-mTavari. sakaTolikozo
sinodis krebebze weliwadSi orjel: didmarxvis mesame kviraSi da
Semodgomaze
moiwvevian
yvela
mRvdel-mTavrebi
(mmarTvelni
da
qorepiskopozni), romelTa TanamonawileobiT swydeba sayuradRebo sakiTxebi.
SeniSvna 1. aseT krebebs SeuZlianT gadasinjos sakaTolikozo sinodis Cveulebrivi Semadgenlobis mier gadawyvetili saqmeni
axali dadgenilebis gamosatanad, Tu isini gansaCivrebuli iqmnebian.
SeniSvna 2. mRvdelT-mTavris dauswreblad sakaTolikozo sinodis kreba ar xdeba.
SeniSvna 3. adgilobriv mRvdelTmTavars SeuZlia wamoiyvanos sinodis sxdomaze saTanadod momzadebuli piri Tavis eparqiis
saWirboroto da mniSvnelovan sakiTxebis garCevis dros monawileobis misaRebad saTaTbiro xmiT.
SeniSvna 4. Tu raime mizezisa gamo sinodis wevrma Tavi gaaneba samsaxurs da kandidatebic uars ityvian wevrobaze,
sinodis plenums an Cveulebriv Semadgenlobas eZleva neba moiwvios saTanadod momzadebuli piri, kooptaciis wesiT.
$8. sinodis sxdoma kanonieria, Tu mas daeswreba Tavmjdomare da tfilisSi
mcxovreb wevrTa naxevari.
$9. sinodSi sakiTxi ubralo xmis umetesobiT swydeba, xolo roca xmebi
Tanabrad iyofa, maSin is azri upiratesobs, romelsac Tavmjdomare emxroba.
$10. sabWos wevrT ara aqvT ufleba Tavi Seikavon xmis micemisagan.
$11. Tu romelime wevri moisurvebs kerZo azris Setanas, movalea
gamosTqvas igi TviT sxdomazed, da ara ugvianes samis dRisa warudginos
werilobiT sxdomis Tavmjdomares, JurnalSi Sesatanad, anu dasarTvelad.
$12. saqmeebis ganxilvis rigs awesebs Tavmjdomare.
$13. sakiTxis aRZvris ufleba aqvs sinodis yvela wevrs; am uflebis
gansaxorcieleblad saWiroa
werilobiTi gancxadebis Setana kaTolikozpatriarqis saSualebiT, romelic movalea aRniSnuli gancxadeba gadasces
gansaxilvelad sinodis uaxloes krebas.
$14. kaTolikoz-patriarqs ar aqvs ufleba moxsnas Tavis gankargulebiT
sakiTxi rigisagan, xeli SeuSalos ganCinebis gamotanas dasmul sakiTxze, an
SeaCeros ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvana, Tu Tavis droze ar ganucxadebia
protesti.
$14a. kaTolikoz-patriarqs, Tu dainaxavs, rom sinodis mier gamotanili
ganCineba mavnebeli da sazianoa sarwmunoebriv-zneobrivi mxriT eklesiis
keTildReobisaTvis, - SeuZlia ganacxados protesti da samis dRis
ganmavlobaSi
Seitanos
sinodSi
werilobiTi
winadadeba
sakiTxis
gadasinjvisaTvis.
$15. rodesac sinodSi irCeva saqme Tavmjdomaris anu sinodis wevris
ukanono moqmedebaTa gamo, dainteresebul pirs neba aqvs darCes darbazSi
saqmis moxsenebis dros da miawodos sinods saWiro ganmarteba, magram, roca
sinodi Seudgeba ganCinebis gamotanas, ueWvelad unda dastovos darbazi.
SeniSvna: roca saCivari exeba Tavmjdomaris (kaTolikozis) ukanono
moqmedebas, sinods Tavmjdomareobs uxucesi damswre mRvdelTmTavarTagan.
$16. sinodis ganCinebas xels awers yvelaze uwin Tavmjdomare da mis
Semdeg yvela im sxdomaze damswre wevri, miuxedavad imisa, Tanaxma iyo igi
gamotanili ganCinebisa, Tu ara.
$17. sinodis wevrTa Soris saqmeTa ganawileba da maTi warmoebis wesi
xdeba sinodisve ganCinebiT. Tu romelime wevri ar asrulebs Tavis
movaleobas da xels uSlis saqmis normalurad warmoebas, sakaTolikozo
sinods eZleva ufleba misi gadayenebisa da mis adgilze kandidatis mowvevisa.
amis Sesaxeb sakaTolikozo sinodi valdebulia, moaxsenos morig plenums, anu
saeklesio krebas, saboloo msjavris dasadebad.
$18. sakaTolikozo sinods samsaxuris mxriT eqvemdebarebian rogorc
mRvdelT-mTavrebi da sasuliero pirni, agreTve saeklesio dawesebulebani da
sxva eparqiaSi Tavisi nebiT ara daiwyos ra; z) pativiscemiT epyrobodes sxva
mRvdelT-mTavrebs, saeparqio sabWoebs da saeparqio krebis gadawyvetilebas; e)
ufleba
aqvs
damnaSave
mRvdels
aukrZalos
administraciuli
wesiT
mRvdelmoqmedeba, epitemia daados ara umetes erTis Tvisa, anu moxsnas, da
amas acnobebs saeparqio sabWos.
SeniSvna: episkopozi, Tu igi eparqiis mmarTveli ar aris, anu qorepiskoposobas ar asrulebs da adgilobriv saeparqio da
sakaTolikozo sinodis nebarTviT asrulebs mxolod samrevlo mRvdlis movaleobas, swiravs filonSi da panaRias, gareSe wirva-locvisa, ar
atarebs; wirva-locvaSi mis eklesiaSi moixsenieba kaTolikoz-patriarqis da adgilobriv mRvdelT-mTavris saxelebi.
saolqo mmarTveloba $28. olqs saeparqio mTavrobis xelmZRvanelobiT
ganagebs saolqo kreba, romelSiac monawileobas iRebs olqis TviTeuli
samrevlodan
or-ori
warmomadgeneli,
romelTagan
erTi
aucileblad
samRvdeloa; krebas Tavmjdomareobs mTavarxucesi. saolqo krebas iwvevs
saolqo sabWo da igi kanonieria, Tu masze gamocxaddeba ara umcires yvela
wevrTa naxevarisa. saolqo kreba aris Cveulebrivi weliwadSi orjel da
ara Cveulebrivi saWiroebisadagvarad.
$29. saolqo krebis kompetencias ekuTvnis a) saolqo sabWos wevrTa, maTi
kandidatebis da mTavarxucesis arCeva sami wliT, agreTve arCeva delegatebisa
saeparqio krebisaTvis; b) zrunva samrevloebSi saeklesio cxovrebis
mowesrigebisa da warmatebisaTvis; g) zrunva qvriv-obol-gaWirvebulTaTvis, da
sazogadod saqvelmoqmedo saqmis mowyoba olqSi; d) saolqo sabWos moqmedebis
angariSis ganxilva; e) Suamdgomlobis aRZvra da mosazrebaTa wardgena
Sesaxeb axlis samrevloebis daarsebisa, arsebul samrevloTa gayofisa da
Semcirebisa.
$30. saolqo krebis aRmasrulebeli organo aris saolqo sabWo, romelsac
Tavmjdomareobs mTavarxucesi. saolqo sabWo Sesdgeba samis wevrisagan,
romelTagan ori sasuliero piria.
SeniSvna: saolqo krebis arCevnebs amtkicebs saeparqio sabWo.
$31. saolqo sabWo: a) adgens saolqos wliur angariSs, romelsac
warudgens saolqo krebasa da saeparqio sabWos b) winaswar daamuSavebs
sakiTxebs, romelic saolqo krebas unda waredginos gansaxilvelad; g) iwvevs
saolqo krebas da xelmZRvanelobas uwevs samrevlo krebebs krebulis wevrTa
arCevnebSi; d) iZleva saWiro cnobebs olqis dawesebulebaTa da mosamsaxure
pirTa Sesaxeb, roca amas umaRlesi saeklesio dawesebulebani moiTxoven; e)
zrunavs moawesrigos krebulis wevrTa Soris amtydari uTanxmoebani saZmo
Semosavlisa da sazogadod sameurneo saqmeebis gamo, agreTve amave xasiaTis
uTanxmoebani krebulis wevrTa da samrevlo sabWoebs Soris; v) aZlevs
krebulis wevrTa Tavisuflebas ara umetes oris kvirisa.
samrevlo $32. samrevlo aris erTis sarwmunoebriv-zneobriobis mizniT,
urTierTis daxmarebis azriT, saeklesio meurneobiT, sakuTaris krebulis
xelmZRvanelobiT, saerTo taZris garSemo Semokrebili da episkopozze
kanoniurad damokidebuli morwmuneTa sazogadoeba.
$33. samrevlos gaxsna ar SeiZleba, ukeTu morwmuneTa ricxvi imdenad
mcirea, rom sakuTari taZrisa da krebulis Senaxva ar SeuZliaT. TviTeul
samrevlos uWiravs gansazRvruli teritoria, romlis sazRvrebi SeiZleba
Seicvalos sxva samrevloebTan SeTanxmebiT da saTanado saeklesio mTavrobis
nebarTviT.
S e n i S v n a
1 . Tu samrevlo krebisa da sabWos ganCineba eklesiis winamZRvars miaCnia eklesiis
sazianod, mas SeuZlia ganCinebis sisruleSi moyvanis SeCereba da misi adgilobriv mRvdelmTavarTan gansaCivreba, - amis Sesaxeb
Tavis azri winamZRvarma unda gamosTqvas krebazedve.
SeniSvna 2. sabWos wevrad irCeva rogorc mamakaci, ise dedakaci.
SeniSvna 3. sabWos wevrad ar SeiZleba arCeul iqmnas samRvdelo xarisxiTgan gandgomili, an gankveTili.
$43. samrevlo sabWos kompetencia aris: a) eklesiis qonebis marTva-gamgeoba;
b) yovelgvari
statistikuri cnobis Sekreba, rasac ki samrevlos marTvagamgeobisaTvis
aqvs
raime
mniSvneloba;
g)
akrefa
keTilmneblobiTi
Sewirulebisa mrevlSi da misi daniSnulebisamebr moxmareba; d) zrunva
eklesiisa da krebulis Sesanax saSualebaTa gasaZliereblad; e) zrunva
taZrisa da RvTismsaxurebis keTilmowyobisaTvis; v) zrunva qvriv-obolTa da
gaWirvebulTaTvis qvelmoqmedebis wesiT; z) aRZvra saqmisa im pirTa
winaaRmdeg, romelnic eklesiasa da morwmuneTa sarwmunoebriv grZnobas
Selaxaven; h) winaswari damuSaveba im sakiTxebisa, romelic krebam unda
ganixilos; T) samrevlo qonebisa da Tanxebis yovelTviuri Semowmeba; i)
Tavisi moqmedebis wliuri angariSis Sedgena mTavarxucesisa da samrevlo
krebisaTvis warsadgenad; ia) igi avalebs erT-erT wevrs sameurneo nawilis
gamgeobas, xolo erT-erT wevrs xazindarobas da ib) sabWos davalebiT
krebulis wevrs SeuZlia orive Tanamdebobis asruleba.
S e n i S v n a :
sameurneo nawilis gamged da xazindrad SeiZleba daniSnul iqmnas samrevlo sabWos mier
qalic.
$44. krebuli. krebulis aucilebel wevrad iTvlebian: mRvdeli da wignismkiTxveli, xolo, sadac aris, iq samrevlos diakonic (mTavari).
S e n i S v n a
1 . diakoni da wignis-mkiTxveli arian mxolod Tanamsaxurni mRvdlisa da uimisod araviTari
mRvdelmoqmedebis Sesruleba ar SeuZlianT samrevloSi.
$45. eklesiis krebulis wevrs mRvdels, diakons da wignis mkiTxvels
irCevs samrevlo kreba im pirTagan, romelTac, aqvT dasturi arCevnebze
daSvebisa saolqo da saeparqio sabWoTagan. samrevlos Tu ar hyavs Tavisi
kandidatebi krebulis wevrisa, mimarTavs mRvdelT-mTavars aseTi wevrebis
daniSvnisaTvis.
$46. mRvdeli. mRvdeli valdebulia: a) mudam Tavis mrevlSi scxovrobdes da
samrevlo ar dastovos, gansakuTrebiT roca iq raime moaruli seni gaCndeba
da roca samrevlos gansacdeli ram moelis; b) gansakuTrebul Tvalyurs
adevnebdes sakuTars yofaqcevas, rogorc sazogadoebaSi, ise Tavis saxlSi; g)
aasrulos sazogadoebrivi RvTismsaxureba dawesebul dros; d) mrevlis
moTxovnilebisamebr aasrulos saWiro mRvdelmoqmedeba; v) Tvalyuri adevnos
mrevlSi saeklesio disciplinisa da zneobis dacvas; z) roca samsaxuris
dros ama Tu im sakiTxis Sesaxeb eWvi daebadeba, axsna-ganmartebisaTvis
mTavarxucess da saeparqio mTavrobas mimarTos; z) eklesiaSi qadageba da
sazogadod swavla-moZRvreba; T) RvTismsaxurebis dros kaTolikozisa da
Tavisi episkopozis saxeli moixsenios; i) krebulis sxva wevrTa saSualebiT
saeklesio sabuTebi awarmovos; ia) sxva samrevloSi mRvdelmoqmedebis
SesrulebisaTvis gamoiTxovos adgilobrivi mRvdlis nebarTva.
$47. samRvdelo da sadiakvno kandidats unda hqondesT sakmao sazogado
ganviTareba, icoden saeklesio tibikoni da kiTxva-galoba, rac windawinve
unda iqmnes Semowmebuli saeparqio mTavrobis mier.
S e n i S v n a
1 :
meored jvardawerils, an qvrivze jvardawerils eris kacs neba eZleva
mTavardiakvnobis da mRvdlobis xarisxis miRebisa.
SeniSvna 2: mRvdels neba aqvs Seasrulos RvTis msaxurebis dros diakonis samsaxuri diakonisave SesamoselSi, xolo
ipodiakons neba eZleva kvereqsis warmoTqmisa.
SeniSvna 3: wignismkviTxvelad SeiZleba arCeul iqmnes qalic.
saeklesio samarTali $48. saqarTvelos eklesiis samarTals eqvemdebareba
ama eklesiis yvela wevri iseT saqmeebSi saeklesio swavla-moZRvrebisa,
zneobriv cxovrebisa, saeklesio wyobilebisa da saeklesio samsaxuris
winaaRmdeg, romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanoniT dadgenilia gansazRvruli
sasjeli anu zomebi zRvevisa da gasworebisa.
$49. sakaTolikozo sinodi asrulebs uzenaes sasuliero sasamarTlo
funqciebs. yovelive danaSauloba eklesiur-sarwmunoebriv TvalsazrisiT,
romelic Seexeba morwmuneTa da samRvdelo pirTa, garda episkopozisa, irCeva
saeparqio sabWos mier, saeparqio sabWos ganCinebiT ukmayofilo pirs SeuZlia
ganasaCivros
aseTi
ganCineba
sakaTolikozo
sinodSi.
ukeTu
saqme
gadawyvetilia sakaTolikozo sinodis Cveulebriv Semadgenlobisagan, aseTi
gadawyvetileba SeiZleba gansaCivrebul iqmnas imave sinodis gaZlierebul
SemadgenlobaSi, romlis dadgenileba sabolovoa.
$50.
saeparqio
sabWos
samarTals
eqvemdebareba:
danaSaulobani,
romelTaTvisac saeklesio kanonebiT dadgenilia zomebi: mRvdelmoqmedebis
aRkveTa, samsaxuridan gadayeneba, eklesiis wevrobidan gamoricxva; saeklesio
epitimiis dadeba morwmuneebze da samRvdelo pirebze; jvrisweris gauqmebis
saqme.
$51. mRvdelTmTavarTa Sesaxeb saCivrebs ixilavs sinodi da Rebulobs
droebiT zomebs, xolo sabolovo msjavri gamoaqvs sakaTolikozo sinodis
gaZlierebul Semadgenlobas (ix. $7). mRvdelTmTavarTa ara kanonier
moqmedebaTa gamo TviT sakaTolikozo sinodsac aqvs ufleba saqmis aRZvrisa.
gadmobeWdilia wignidan
gamgeobisaTvis, tfilisi, 1928.
`debuleba
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
marTva-
14. saqarTvelos VIII saeklesio krebis (1937 w.) saxeliT gamocemuli `debuleba~
1945 wlis 28 marts saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodma miiRo `debuleba
saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisaTvis~, romelic SeTanxmebuli iyo
meoTxe da merve saeklesio krebaTa mier damtkicebul `debulebebTan~,
amasTanave, igi SeTanxmebuli iyo imJamindel sabWoTa kavSirSi moqmed
debuleba
saqarTvelos eklesiis marTva-gamgeobisaTvis
(SeTanxmeba meoTxe
da merve saeklesio krebaTa mier
`debulebaTa~ ssr kavSirSi momqmed samoqalaqo kanonebTan)
*
*
damtkicebul
TeTriwyaros
raioni.
kaTedra
manglisSi,
rezidencia TbilisSi. pativi mwyemsT-mTavrisa - `mangleli episkoposi~.
T). nikorwmidisa. samwyso: raWa (teritoria nikorwmidis Zveli eparqiisa),
exlandeli raionebi ambrolaurisa da onisa. kaTedra nikorwmidaSi,
rezidencia mRvdelTmTavrisa onSi. pativi mRvdelTmTavrisa: `nikorwmindeli
episkopozi~.
i) urbnisisa. samwyso: Sida qarTli (teritoria Zveli eparqiebisa: nawili
samTavisisa, niqozisa, ruisisa, samTavrosi da urbnisisa), rasac Seicavs
exlandeli raionebi borjomisa, gorisa, znaurisa, kaspisa, leningorisa,
`debuleba
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
marTva-
4. saqarTvelos avtokefaluri marTlmadidebeli eklesiis marTvagamgeobis debuleba, saqarTvelos konstitucia da Sesabamisi kanonebi.
$6. saqarTvelos eklesia gamoyofilia saxelmwifosagan, damoukidebelia
da axorcielebs masTan urTierTobas saeklesio kanonebis, saxelmwifo
konstituciisa da Sesabamisi kanonmdeblobis safuZvelze.
$7. saeklesio xelisuflebisa da mmarTvelobis umaRles organos
warmoadgens saqarTvelos eklesiis adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba
saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodi, xolo krebebs Soris periodSi umaRlesi
saeklesio xelisufali da mmarTveli aris sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqi.
SeniSvna: `saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodi~ aris saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis meore
oficialuri dasaxeleba.
$8.
saeklesio
sasamarTlos
ufleba
aqvT:
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
adgilobriv saeklesio krebas - saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinods, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqs da eparqiis mmarTvel mRvdelmTavars.
$9. saqarTvelos sapatriarqo, misi ganyofilebebi, dawesebulebebi,
eparqiebi,
samrevloebi,
monastrebi,
sasuliero
saswavleblebi
da
sazRvargareT arsebuli samrevloebi da dawesebulebebi sargebloben
iuridiuli piris uflebiT.
Tavi
II.
saqarTvelos
adgilobrivi
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis
saeklesio kreba - saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodi $1. saqarTvelos
eklesiaSi umaRlesi xelisufleba moZRvrebis, saeklesio mmarTvelobisa da
saeklesio sasamarTlos sferoebSi, anu - sakanonmdeblo, aRmasrulebeli da
sasamarTlo xelisufleba ekuTvnis saqarTvelos eklesiis saeklesio krebas saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinods.
$2. saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesiis wmida sinods iwvevs sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi (an misi mosaydre) saWiroebis mixedviT,
weliwadSi aranakleb orjer da Tavmjdomareobs mas.
$3. saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodis wevrebi arian saqarTvelos
eklesiis eparqiaTa mmarTveli mRvdelmTavrebi da sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis qorepiskoposebi.
$4. saqarTvelos eklesiis wmida sinodi:
1. ganmartavs wmida werilisa da wmida gardamocemis safuZvelze
marTlmadidebeli eklesiis swavlebas. zrunavs sxva adgilobriv avtokefalur
marTlmadidebel
eklesiebTan
dogmatur-sarwmunoebrivsa
da
kanonikur
erTianobaze.
2. ixilavs da wyvets kanonikur, saRvTismsaxuro, samoZRvro da sxva
sakiTxebs, romlebic exebian eklesiis saSinao da sagareo moRvaweobas.
3.
uzrunvelyofs
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
erTianobas.
icavs
marTlmadidebeli sarwmunoebis siwmindesa da qristianul zneobas.
4. adgens axal wmindanTa aRiarebas (kanonzomierebas) da Sesabamis
RvTismsaxurebas.
5. zrunavs eklesiasa da saxelmwifos Soris samarTlebriv urTierTobebze,
eklesiis
kanonebis,
saeklesio
krebebis
dadgenilebebis,
saqarTvelos
avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebeli
eklesiis
marTva-gamgeobis
debulebis,
saxelmwifos konstituciisa da kanonebis Sesabamisad.
$11. wm. sinodis yvela wevrs aqvs ufleba warmoadginos erTi sapatriarqo
kandidati, maT Soris Tavisi Tavic.
$12. sami sapatriarqo kandidati, romlebic miiReben xmaTa umravlesobas,
kenWs iyrian gafarToebul krebaze, rogorc patriarqobis kandidatebi.
$13. gafarToebuli krebis yvela monawiles aqvs ufleba gamoTqvas azri
kandidatis Sesaxeb.
$14. kaTolikos-patriarqis arCevis kenWisyraSi monawileobas iReben
mxolod mRvdelmTavrebi.
$15. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqad arCeulad CaiTvleba is
kandidati, romelic miiRebs krebis monawile mRvdelmTavarTa xmebis
naxevarze mets.
$16. Tu verc erTi kandidati ver miiRebs xmaTa naxevarze mets, tardeba
xelmeore kenWisyra, romelSic monawileobas miiRebs is ori kandidati,
romelic pirvel kenWisyraSi miiRebs xmaTa umravlesobas.
$17.
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis
aRsaydreba
(intronizacia) xdeba mcxeTis sveticxovlis wm. aTormet mociqulTa
saxelobis sapatriarqo taZarSi.
$18.
sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqis
arCeva,
marTlmadidebluri tradiciis Tanaxmad, xdeba samudamod (kaTolikospatriarqis gardacvalebamde).
$19. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis sruli titulia:
uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da
mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi didi meufe, mamai Cveni...
$20. yvela sasuliero piri movalea RvTismsaxurebis dros moixsenos
sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis saxeli saqarTvelos eklesiis
iurisdiqciaSi Semaval yvela taZarSi, rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve mis
sazRvrebs gareT, Semdegi formuliT: `uwmidesi da unetaresi, sruliad
saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da mcxeTa-Tbilisis mTavarepiskoposi didi
meufe, mamai Cveni (saxeli)~.
$21. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis pativis niSnebia:
Zowisferi mantia, Savi sapatriarqo kunkul-bartyuli jvriTa da frTebze
gamosaxuli serafimebiT, ori panaRia da jvari, didi paramani da jvris win
gaZRolis ufleba.
$22. sruliad saqarTvelos-kaTolikos patriarqs aqvs Tavisi tvifri da
beWedi.
$23. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi aris mcxeTa-Tbilisis
eparqiis mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari.
$24. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqis uSualo iurisdiqciaSi
imyofebian rogorc Tbilisis sionis, mcxeTis sveticxovlis, gelaTis, moqvis
da gonios sakaTedro taZrebi, aseve yvela stavropigialuri monasteri.
$25. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi iwvevs da Tavmjdomareobs
saqarTvelos wm. sinods da gafarToebul krebas.
$26. krebaTa Soris periodSi saqarTvelos eklesiis umaRlesi saeklesio
xelisufali da mmarTveli aris sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi.
$27. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi Tavis moRvaweobas
axorcielebs Semdeg safuZvlebze:
1. wmida werili da saRmrTo gadmocema;
gamoSvebuli
produqciis
realizaciiT
da
sxva
saeklesio-sameurneo
saqmianobiT.
$3. centraluri saeklesio biujeti sapatriarqoSi iqmneba eparqiebis,
stavropigialuri monastrebisa da sxva saeklesio-sameurneo dawesebulebebis
mier gadaricxuli fuladi saxsrebiT, romlis procentul raodenobas
gansazRvravs wm. sinodi.
$4. saerTo-saeklesio finansebis ganmkargavni arian sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi da wmida sinodi.
$5. sapatriarqos ganyofilebebis dawesebulebebis dafinanseba xdeba
saerTo-saeklesio saxsrebidan, garda im ganyofilebebisa, romlebsac SeswevT
TviTdafinansebis unari.
$6. eparqiis biujeti iqmneba samrevloebis, monastrebisa da saeparqiosameurneo dawesebulebebis Semosavlidan wm. sinodis mier dadgenili
procentis gadaricxviT.
$7. saerTo-saeparqio fuladi saxsrebis ganmkargavi biujetis farglebSi
aris mmarTveli mRvdelmTavari, romelic awarmoebs saeklesio daniSnulebiT
gacemuli Tanxis aRricxvas.
$8. samrevloebis fuladi saxsrebi iqmneba: morwmuneTa nebayoflobiTi
Semowirulobebis
da
sapatriarqodan
gacemuli
sanTlis,
saeklesio
literaturis da sxva nivTiebis realizaciiT miRebuli Semosavlisagan.
$9. samrevlos fuladi saxsrebis ganmkargavi biujetis farglebSi aris
samrevlo winamZRvari da samrevlo sabWo.
$10. monastrebis fuladi saxsrebi iqmneba iseve, rogorc samrevloebisa.
maTi ganmkargavi biujetis farglebSi aris monastris winamZRvari.
$11. sasuliero saswavleblebis dafinanseba xdeba im eparqiis saerTosaeklesio fuladi saxsrebidan, sadac mdebareobs es saswavlebeli da
saswavleblis
daqvemdebarebaSi
myofi
sameurneo
dawesebulebebis
Semosavlidan.
$12. sasuliero saswavleblebis xarjTaRricxvas amticebs eparqiis
mRvdelmTavari sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqTan SeTanxmebiT.
$13. sasuliero saswavleblis fuladi saxsrebis ganmkargavi biujetis
farglebSi aris reqtori da pedsabWo.
$14. saeklesio Tanxebi inaxeba bankSi Sesabamisi saeklesio dawesebulebis
saxelze.
$15. sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi da wmida sinodi axdenen
saerTo-saeklesio da saeparqio fuladi saxsrebisa da qonebis revizias. aseTi
reviziis ganxorcielebisaTvis maT mier iqmneba specialuri sinodaluri
komisia.
$16. saqarTvelos sapatriarqosa da stavropigialuri monastrebis fuladi
saxsrebisa da qonebis revizias axdens sruliad saqarTvelos kaTolikospatriarqis mier daniSnuli komisia.
$17. eparqiis samrevloebis, monastrebisa da dawesebulebebis fuladi
saxsrebisa da qonebis revizias axdens kaTolikos-patriarqis an eparqiis
mmarTveli mRvdelmTavris mier daniSnuli sarevizio komisia.
$18. saqarTvelos eklesiis eparqiebs, monastrebs, samrevloebs, saeklesio
dawesebulebebs,
sasuliero
saswavleblebs,
saeklesio-sameurneo
dawesebulebebs ufleba aqvT flobdnen uZrav-moZrav qonebas, miwis nakveTs,
aiRon arendiT, aaSenon da SeiZinon Senoba-nagebobebi da sxv. kaTolikos-
daskvna
saeklesio samarTali saukuneTa manZilze Seiswavleba marTlmadidebel
msoflioSi, CvenSi is SedarebiT axali samecniero dargia, amitomac
Sesabamisad mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis mier gamocemuli
samarTlis Zeglebis erTad Tavmoyra da maTi analizi. naSromSi `saqarTvelos
saeklesio krebebi~ gamovlenili, gaanalizebuli da Seswavlili iqna IV-XX
saukuneebSi Semdgari ramdenime aTeuli saeklesio kreba, isini daiyo
garkveuli sistemisa da qronologiis Sesabamisad. kerZod, calke jgufad
gamovyaviT krebebi, romelTac kanonSemoqmedebiTad iRvawes, aseve gaerTiandnen
krebebi, romelTac mimdinare sakiTxebi ganixiles, magram kanonebi ar
gamouciaT. Tavis mxriv, mimdinare saeklesio krebebi or jgufad gavyaviT,
pirvelSi moxvdnen krebebi, romelnic Sedgnen avtokefaliis gauqmebamde,
meoreSi ki avtokefaliis aRdgenidan dRemde. maT Soris, calke jgufis saxiT
movaTavseT is msoflio da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis saeklesio krebebi,
romelTa
muSaobaSi
saqarTvelos
episkoposebma
miiRes
monawileoba.
Sesabamisad, naSromSi Sevida 15 sakanonmdeblo kreba, Semdgarni XII-XX
7.
vaxtang
VI-m
`igulismodgina
da
Semokribna
yovelni
wignni
samarTlisani, romelni JamTa viTarebiTa mimodabneuli iyo. es yoveli moiZia,
ipova da moiSova friadiTa SromiTa~. vaxtang VI-m Seqmna samarTlis wignTa
cnobili krebuli da Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi namuSavevi daamtkicebina krebas,
romelic Sedgeboda kaTalikosisa da episkoposebisagan. umaRles sasuliero
ierarqiasTan
erTad
krebas,
viTarca
saxelmwifo
darbazis
sxdomas,
eswrebodnen didebulni da darbaiselni. vaxtangs 1706-1709 wlebSi Semdgari
krebis `damowmeba da nebadarTva~ esaWiroeboda, raTa misi `samarTali~
qveyanaSi amoqmedebuliyo. samarTlis im muxlebs, romelTac eklesiisaTvis
mniSvneloba hqonda Tan vurTavT aRniSnul krebas.
8. mahmadianTa mmarTvelobisas 1632-1744 wlebSi, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
socialurad da ekonomikurad dauZlurda qarTuli eklesia da sazogadod
Seirya qristianuli zneobriobis siwminde, amitomac samefo taxtze Teimuraz
pirvelis, viTarca qristiani mefis, asvlis Semdeg marTlmadidebelma eklesiam
aRidgina Tavisi uflebebi. saqmis swrafi gamosworebis mizniT kaTalikosi
anton I ramdenime weli amzadebda da 1748 wels moiwvia kreba, romelsac Cven
`Tbilisis III saeklesio kreba~ vuwodeT (Tbilisis I da II krebebi Sedga XII
saukuneSi da maT kanonebi ar gamouciaT). 1748 wels krebam gamosca samarTlis
Zegli, romelsac `kanonni~ uwoda. iyofa 27 muxlad.
9. 1759 wels imereTis mefe solomon I-ma moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelic
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas warmoadgenda, masSi eklesiis umaRles
ierarqTa da episkoposebTan erTad monawileobda dasavleT saqarTvelos mefemTavrebi da didebulebi. krebam akrZala tyveTa syidva, aRadgina saepiskoposo
kaTedrebi, daubruna eklesias iqamde mitacebuli mamulebi, gadasaxadisagan
gaaTavisufla saeklesio ymebi, aukrZala saero xelisufalT saeklesio
mflobelobaSi Careva. gamosca `xeliTwerili~, romelic umkacresad krZalavs
tyveTa syidvas, Seicavs mowodebas mahmadiani agresorebis winaaRmdeg
brZolisaken, avaldebulebs Tavis moqalaqeebs saTanado pativi miagon
`sarwmunoebasa da mefis erTgulebisaTvis Tavdadebuls~.
10. XVIII s. II naxevarSi erovnul-qristianuli saxelmwi-foebriobis
aRdgenis
Semdeg
saeklesio
krebebma
kvlav
daibrunes
mahmadianTa
mmarTvelobis dros dakninebuli uflebani da gamosces Sesabamisi zneobrivi
saxis dadgenilebani. 1762 wels gamoica `dadgenilebani saeklesio krebisa
saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb~, 1768 wels gamoica mefe erekle II-isa da
anton I-is `gansazRvreba~ episkoposTa mimarT: `mcneba mRvdelTaTvis~, Seicavs
35 muxls, 1777 wels afxazeTis kaTalikosma maqsimem gamosca miTiTeba Tavis
samwysos mimarT, romelic Seicavs 10 muxls, 1793 wels gamoica `kanonTa
ganmweseba codvilTaTvis anton II-is mier~, Seicavs 10 muxls.
10-15. naSromSi ganxilulia saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis
Semdeg Semdgari sakanonmdeblo krebaTa mier gamocemuli marTva-gamgeobis
debulebani~ (1917, 1920, 1927, 1937(1945), 1995 wlebisa, mocemulia debulebaTa
sruli teqstebi).
am
droisaTvis
saqarTvelos
dakarguli
hqonda
damoukidebloba,
saxelmwifo
wyobileba
aTeisturi
mimarTulebisa
iyo,
eklesia
saxelmwifosagan kanonmdeblobiT iyo gamoyofili, xolo skola eklesiisagan.
marTlac XX s-Si Semdgari yvela sakanonmdeblo kreba aCvenebs, rom
saqarTvelos eklesias am periodSi ukve mTlianad aqvs dakarguli
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis niSan-Tvisebani, misi samarTali mTlianadaa
.
.
.
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88
101
Tavi II
103
1. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebis pirveli
qarTuli Targmanebi
103
2. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VI-VII
saukuneebSi
106
3. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi VIII-IX
saukuneebSi
108
4. sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis Targmanebi X-XI
saukuneebSi
110
5. wm. fotis nomokanonis anu didi sjuliskanonis
qarTuli Targmanebi
116
6. saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi
XVIII saukunis I naxevarSi
119
7. saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebis Targmanebi
XX s. II naxevarSi
124
Tavi III
126
1. saqarTvelos saeklesio samarTlis
wyaroebi I-V ss-Si
126
2. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi dvinis krebidan
ruis-urbnisis krebamde (VI-XI)
174
3. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi ruis-urbnisis
krebis Semdeg (XII-XVIII)
190
4. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis gauqmebis
periodebSi
197
5. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi XVIII s.
II naxevarSi
203
6. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis
gauqmebisas
204
7. saeklesio samarTlis wyaroebi avtokefaliis
aRdgenis Semdeg
210
nawili II
Tavi I. saqarTvelos eklesiis sakanonmdeblo krebebi
1. ruis-urbnisis saeklesio krebis `Zegliswera~ 214
ruis-urbnisis krebis kanonebi [teqsti]
222
2. sakanonmdeblo kreba giorgi brwyinvales
213
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
dros (1335)
241
`Zeglis dadeba~ [amokrebili muxlebi]
243
Wulevis sakanonmdeblo krebis `kanonikuri
samarTali~ (1381-1386)
245
[teqsti, amokrebili muxlebi]
caiS-bediis Sekrebis `mcneba sasjulo~ (1470-1474)
256
[sruli teqsti]
biWvinTis saeklesio krebis (1543-1549) samarTali
276
[samarTali kaTalikosTa sruli teqsti]
daviT-garejas saeklesio krebis `ganCineba~ (1702)
285
[teqsti]
sakanonmdeblo Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is karze
290
[samarTali batoniSvilis vaxtangisa, amokrebili muxlebi]
Tbilisis III saeklesio krebis `kanonni~ (1748) 310
[sruli teqsti]
imereTis saeklesio krebis `xeliTwerili~ (1759)
322
[teqstis aRdgenili nawili]
1762, 1768, 1793 ww. krebaTa dadgenilebani
saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb, mcnebani
episkoposTa da mRvdelTa mimarT
327
[teqstebi]
410
421
426
saqarTvelos
saeklesio
krebebi
II
Tbilisi
2003
mitropoliti anania jafariZe
saqarTvelos eklesiis mimdinare
krebebi (IV-XVIII ss)
msoflio saeklesio krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT
Tbilisi
2003
naSromSi ganxilulia werilobiT ZeglebSi gamovlenili IV-XVIII
saukuneebSi Semdgari 21 mimdinare saeklesio kreba da agreTve msoflio
saeklesio krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawile-obiT. pirvelad xdeba
erTad
Sekreba
da
gaanalizeba
eklesiis
istoriis
Sesaswavlad
umniSvnelovanesi krebebisa, romlebzec suliwmidis madliT aRWurvili
wmida mamebi saqveyno
da saeklesio samarTals gadmocemdnen. naSromis
zogierT paragrafs Tan erTvis Sesabamisi krebebis mier gamocemuli
samarTlis aqtebi.
naSromi
gankuTvnilia
specialistebisa
da
farTo
mkiTxveli
sazogadoebisaTvis.
redaqtori: lia SarvaSiZe
recenzentebi:
giuli alasania
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
sergo vardosaniZe
anania jafariZe, 2003
Sesavali
saqarTvelos wmida eklesia aTaswleulTa manZilze uwyveti Tanamonawilea
msoflio saeklesio cxovrebisa, amitomac odiTganve misTvis savaldebulo
iyo aRsruleba msoflio saeklesio, adgilobrivi krebebis da wmida mamaTa
mier SemuSavebuli sayovelTao saeklesio kanonebisa.
kanonikuri samarTali ZvelTaganve moiTxovda weliwadSi ramdenime
saeklesio krebis mowvevas, Sesabamisad IV s-dan Cvens dromde (TiTqmis 1600
wlis manZilze) saqarTveloSi aTasobiT saeklesio kreba unda yofiliyo
mowveuli. samwuxarod, aseTi didi odenobis miuxedavad, aqamde sul ramdenime
kreba iyo gamovlenili da Seswavlili. mizezi amisa ara marto isaa, rom
saeklesio samarTlis mecnierul Seswavlas saqarTveloSi mxolod XIX s.
bolosa da XX s. dasawyosSi Caeyara safuZveli, romelic maleve Seaferxa
aTeisturma reJimma, aramed agreTve isic, rom miuxedavad mowveul krebaTa
siWarbisa, maT Sesaxeb pirdapiri cnobebi metad mcire raodenobiT SemorCa,
ZiriTadad `sjuldebis wignebSi~, tipikonebSi, saeklesio da samonastro
krebulTa ganCinebebSi, `dawerilebSi~, sigel-gujrebsa da sxva saeklesio
samarTlis aqtebSi, romelnic iv. javaxiSvilis SefasebiT Tumca moqmedi
saeklesio samarTlis piruTvnel sabuTebs warmoadgenen, magram maTSi kvlevis
Sesabamisi masalis moZieba did SromasTanaa dakavSirebuli.
Cvens mier gamovlenili iqna IV-XX saukuneebSi Semdgari 100-mde saeklesio
kreba, maT Soris 15 sakanonmdeblo, IV-XVIII saukuneebSi Semdgari 21 da XIXXX ss-Si Semdgari 50-mde mimdinare saeklesio kreba, maT garda 9 msoflio da
saerTaSoriso
mniSvnelobis
kreba,
romelTa
muSaobaSic
qarTveli
episkoposebi monawileobdnen.
sazogadod, saeklesio krebebs yofen or ZiriTad jgufad, pirvelia is
krebebi, romelTac kanonSemoqmedebiTad iRvawes da Sesabamisi saeklesio
samarTlis Zeglebic gamosces, meorea mimdinare saeklesio krebebi, romelnic
Seikribnen mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad, magram kanonebi ar
gamouciaT.
Cven calke wignad gamovyaviT `saqarTvelos saeklesio sakanonmdeblo
krebebi~ (Tb., 2003), masSi ganxilulia saqarTvelos 15 sakanonmdeblo kreba.
aRsaniSnavia, rom TiToeul krebas Tan davurTeT mis mier gamocemuli
kanonebi, amitomac aRniSnuli wigni saeklesio sakanonmdeblo Zeglebis
erTgvar qrestomaTias warmoadgens, rac aseve siaxlea.
winadebare wignSi ganxilulia IV-XVIII ss-Si Semdgari mimdinare saeklesio
krebebi, sul ganxilulia 21 saeklesio kreba, maTgan zogierTi marTalia
Sedga saqarTvelos farglebs gareT, magram mieZRvna saqarTvelos saeklesio
sakiTxebs. mniSvnelovan krebaTa nawils Tan erTvis maT mier gamocemuli
saeklesio samarTlis Zeglebi.
Cvens mier ganxilul krebebs saxelebi mivakuTvneT mowvevis adgilis
mixedviT (magaliTad, ganxilul periodSi TbilisSi mowveul iqna oTxi
saeklesio kreba, maT Soris, Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba Sedga XII s-Si, xolo
IV Sedga XVIII s-Si).
krebaTa SeswavliT dadasturda, rom saqarTvelos eklesia, viTarca
avtokefaluri, ganagebda sakuTar saeklesio samarTals, amasTanave, mas
viTarca saxelmwifoebrivi Tvisebebis mqones, xeli miuwvdeboda samoqalaqoadministraciul mmarTvelobasa da samarTalze (amiT iyo gamowveuli
sokrati,
konstantinopoleli
advokati
(sqolastikosi), dawera saeklesio istoria Svid wignad (305-439); ermia
sozomeni, agreTve advokati, gadmoca eklesiis istoria cxra wignad (324-423);
episkoposi Teodorite kvireli, dawera eklesiis istoria 5 wignad (320-428).
TavianT TxzulebebSi isini qarTuli eklesiis saxelmwifoebrivi dafuZnebis
istoriasac exebian7. qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb cnobas msoflio eklesiis
pirvel istoriografTagan agreTve laTini presviteri rufinusic iZleva,
romelmac evsevi kesarielis istoria Targmna da igi 395 wlamde gaagrZela
(rufinusi, X, 10).
qarTuli eklesiis istoriis uZveles ucxour wyaroebTan dakavSirebiT n.
janaSia wers: `uZvelesi wyaro, romelSic moxsenebuli yofila qarTvelTa
moqcevis ambavi, aris IV s. berZeni istorikosis (gard. 395) gelasi kesarielis
`saeklesio istoria~, samwuxarod, es Txzuleba dResdReobiT dakagulad
iTvleba da CvenTvis cnobili ar aris. magram mermindel avtorebs
SemounaxavT TavianT SromebSi misi cnobebi. maT Soris uZvelesia romaeli
saeklesio istorikosi rufinusi, rufinusi gelasi kesarielis umcrosi
Tanamedrove iyo (gard. 410). mas uTargmnia da Tavis TxzulebaSi Seutania
gelasi
kesarielis
cnoba
qarTvelTa
moqcevis
Sesaxeb...
rufinusze
dayrdnobiT moTxrobili aqvs iberTa gaqristianebis ambavi V s. berZen
istorikoss sokrates (dab. 380)`...iberTa gaqristianebis ambavi gadmocemuli
aqvs V s. meore berZen istorikoss Teodorite kvirels (dab. 390)... sozomens,
romelsac Tavisi wigni dauweria 444 wlis maxloblad da uSualod
rufinusiT usargeblia. V s. berZeni istorikosi gelasi kvizikelic gelasi
kesarieliT sargeblobda~8.
meore
mxriv,
qarTuli
eklesiis
istoria
TiTqmis
I
saukunidan
(mcxeTelebis Casvla macxovris jvarcmaze dasaswreblad, kvarTis Camosveneba
saqarTveloSi da sxva), aRwerilia uZveles qarTul saistorio wyaroSi,
romelsac `moqceva qarTlisa~ ewodeba9. masSi moTavsebuli `wmida ninos
cxovrebis~ e. w. vrceli redaqciis avtorad dasaxelebulia salome ujareli
(IV s.). misi Txroba wmida ninos moRvaweobisa da pirveli qarTuli eklesiis
dafuZnebis Sesaxeb eTanadeba gelasi kesarielisa da sxva zemoaRniSnul
berZen-laTini istorikosebis cnobebs. ucxoeli avtorebi wmida ninos
aRniSnuli
cxovrebis
ramdenadme
Semoklebul
Sinaars
gadmogvcemen.
avtokefaliis
mopoveba
petre
fulonis
saxels.
petroz
mkawrvelad
moixsenieben mas Zvel eklesiaSi da miiCneven erT-erT yvelaze did
mwvaleblad - monofizitobisa da TviT xatmebrZolobis fuZemdebladac ki.
batoni n.lomouri wers: `jer kidev 1910 w. m.TamaraSvilma sakmaod
damajereblad
daasabuTa,
rom
balsamonis
`ufali
petre~
(romlis
patriarqobis drosac antioqiis krebis mier gamotanili iqna dadgenileba
iberiis aeklesiis avtokefaliisa) ar SeiZleba iyos petre III da ufro
savaraudoa misi gaigiveba patriarq petre fulonTan, romelic V s-is 70-80iani wlebis moRvawe iyo~57.
Zveli qarTuli saeklesio istoriografiisaTvis ki warmoudgenelia aseTi
daskvna, saqme isaa, rom petroz mkawvreli - gansakuTrebulad sZuldaT Zvel
saqarTveloSi viTarca mwvaleblobis eresiaqi, eqvTime mTawmidelis mier
gamocemuli `mcire sjuliskanonis~ mixedviT man SemoiRo e.w. `xaCecari~,
yovladmiwda samebis jvarcmis galoba. `wmida mamebma maSin SeaCvenes misi
avtori petroz mkawvreli - mwvalebeli, romelmac SemoiRo meoTxe piri... da
vnebulad CaTvala wmida sameba. SeCvenebuli iyos samebis amgvari gmoba da
misi mgmobelic~58. eqvTime aTonelis Tanaxmad, VI msoflio kreba 68-e TavSic
Seexo petroz mkawvrels, sadac igi xatmebrZlobis eresis mesaZirkvledac
dasaxa - `petroz mkawvrelma, rogorc `xaCecari~ SemoiRo, agreTve es
wvalebac daTesa maT Soris da Zlier gvewyina am ujero ambis smena~59.
Tanamedrove saero istoriografia miiCnevs, rom monofizitobis eresiarqma
petre fulonma pirvel qarTvel kaTalikos petres daasxa xeli da amiT
avtokefalia mianiWa saqarTvelos eklesias, magram saeklesio istoriografiis
Tanaxmad, antioqiis es patriarqi iqamde mokla (qviT Caqola) qarTvelTa
mTavarepiskoposma miqaelma, maSin roca igi Seecada qarTlSi Semosvlasa da
monofizitobis
gavrcelebas60.
ase,
rom
qarTveli
saeklesio
istoriografiisaTvis warmoudgenelic kia qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis
dakavSireba petre fulonTan, rogorc warsulis magaliTebi aCvenebs, saero
istoriografiac odesme albaT miva imave daskvnamde.
netarxsenebuli babilina lominaZe, romelTanac me sakmaod xSiri Sexvedra
mqonda sapatriarqoSi avtokefaliis sabuTebis moZiebis dros, acxadebda, rom
pirdapiri cnoba V s-Si avtokefaliis mopovebis Sesaxeb ar arsebobs, amitomac
igi daeyrdno qarTlis cxovrebis cnobil cnobas, vaxtang gorgasalis mier
bizantiidan 12 episkoposis Camoyvanisa da saqarTveloSi dadginebis Sesaxeb.
batoni
n.lomouri
imeorebs
am
daskvnas
da
wers
`kanonikurad
damoukideblad iTvleboda da moqmedebda eklesia, mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, Tu
mas sul cota 12 episkoposisagan Semdgari krebis mowveva SeeZlo~61, da is
garemoeba, rom saqarTveloSic V s-Si gaCnda 12 episkoposisagan Semdgari
kreba, adasturebs qarTlis eklesiis mier damoukideblobis, avtokefaliis
miRebas~61. n.lomouri Tavisi daskvnis gamotanis dros eyrdnoba karTagenis
krebis kanons. marTlac am krebis me-12 kanoni brZanebs - `ukeTu vinme
episkoposi Tvinier krebisaTvis ganCinebulisa Jamisa gankiTxvisa Tanamdebad
ipoos, egeviTari igi ganikiTxnen aTormetTa mier episkoposTa~62. rogorc
cnobilia, msoflio krebebis kanonebi ganimarteba ara nebismierad, aramed misi
cnobili komentatorebis aristines, zonaras da balsamonis mier. am wmida
mamaTa komentarebi gamocemulia qarTulad63, ai, rogor komentarebs ukeTeben
rac, albaT, asec iyo VII saukunis dasawyisSi. ase rom, cnobebi ueWvelia da
moTxrobili ambis Tanadroulia.
matianes mowmobiT, aRniSnul saukuneSi saeklesio krebebi imarTeboda
episkoposebisa da samRvdeloebis monawileobiT mcxeTis jvris taZarTan
(yovel
paraskevs).
yovel
xuTSabaTs
saeklesio
krebebi
imarTeboda
sveticxovelSi da yovel samSabaTs _ samTavros taZarSi.
es saeklesio krebebi, cxadia, ar iyo sruliad qarTuli eklesiis kreba,
magram masSi monawileobda qarTuli eklesiis umTavresi birTvi kaTalikosi da `yovelni episkoposni da mRvdelni mis adgilisa da arisani
kaTalikosis Tana~110. maSasadame, kaTalikosTan erTad monawileobda
mcxeTeli episkoposi, romelsac `mTavarepiskoposis~ wodeba hqonda, xolo
rezidencia samTavroSi, albaT, wilkneli episkoposi da axlo mdebare
eparqiaTa episkoposebi, yovel SemTxvevaSi ara erTi, aramed ramdenime
episkoposi. rogorc cnobilia, VI s-is dasawyisSi qarTlis sakaTalikosoSi
35 episkoposi iyo. aqedan, albaT, kaTalikosis karze yoveldRiurad
ramdenime mainc imyofeboda. Cveni fiqriT, yovel paraskevs, yovel
xuTSabaTsa da yovel samSabaTs gamarTul mcxeTis krebebze monawiloebas
iRebda qarTuli eklesiis mmarTveloba, SeiZleba mas sinodis krebebic
vuwodoT. rogorc moyvanili cnobidan Cans, es krebebi ar moicavda mxolod
sxdomebs, aramed mas Tan erTvoda, rac zogjer umTavresi momenti iyo,
wirva, locvebi, xalxis dalocva da sxva saeklesio saqmianoba.
swored mcxeTis am krebebma, uaqtiuresma saeklesio saqmianobam,
SeunarCuna saeklesio dedaqalaqis saxeli mcxeTas Semdgom saukuneebSi, im
drosac ki, roca Semdeg arabTa Semosevebis gamo igi, faqtobrivad,
dangreuli iyo da dakarguli hqonda funqciuri datvirTva. rogorc Cans,
arabTa da Turq-seljukTa Semosevebisas saeklesio krebebi dedaqalaq
mcxeTaSi ki aRar imarTeboda, aramed, magaliTad, javaxeTSi, RrtilaSi,
quTaisSi da sxvagan. mxolod XI saukuneSi saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Semdeg
daibruna mcxeTam Zveli drois sidiade.
4. antioqiis IOsaeklesio kreba
(VIII s. 50-iani wlebi)
qvemo iberiis, anu afxazeTis sakaTalikosos Camoyalibeba
msoflio qristianobis erT-erT udides dedaqalaqSi antioqiaSi, cxadia,
mravali saeklesio kreba Catarda saukuneTa manZilze, magram Cveni
gansaxilveli TemisaTvis sainteresoa antioqiis is krebebi, romlebzedac
ganixiles qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxi. erTi aseTi kreba Catarebula VIII
saukunis 50-ian wlebSi, mravali istoriuli wyaro da avtori miuTiTebs am
krebis Sesaxeb. aRniSnuli kreba warmoadgens antioqiaSi qarTuli eklesiis
Sesaxeb Catarebul krebaTagan erT-erT pirvels, amitomac Cven mas vuwodebT
`antioqiis I saeklesio krebas~ gansasxvaveblad antioqiaSive XI s-is 50-ian
wlebSi Catarebuli krebisagan.
mravali Tanamedrove mecnieri miiCnevs antioqias im eklesiad, romelmac
qarTul eklesias avtokefalia mianiWa. erTni fiqroben, rom es moxda V
wlebidan
730-ian
wlebamde,
antioqiis
patriarqebi
konstantinopolSi
imyofebodnen da ara antioqiaSi.
gansaxilvel krebamde sul ramdenime xniT adre, VIII s-is dasawyisSi.
konstantinopolidan dabrunebul ierarqs aRudgenia antioqiis sapatriarqo
taxti.
ase
rom,
antioqiis
patriarqi
im
droisaTvis
SesaZlebelia
konstantinopolis udidesi eklesiis erT-erT nawiladac ki yofiliyo
miCneuli, oRondac im gansxvavebiT, rom antioqia icavda marTlmadideblur
sarwmunoebas, xatTayvaniscemas uWerda mxars, xolo konstantinopolSi,
rogorc aRiniSna, xatmebrZoluri eresi iyo gabatonebuli. marTlac,
dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTveli ierarqebi Casulan antioqiaSi saeklesio
sakiTxebis gadasaWrelad. efrem mcire wers: `dReTa konstantine skoris
mosaxelisaTa, antioqias patriaqobisa netarisa Teofilaqtessa, movides
qarTliT mociqulad monazonni orni mouTxres netarsa Teofilaqtes,
viTarmed didsa Wirsa Sina arian qristeaneni mkvidrni qarTvelTa
soflebisani. rameTu dRiTagan netarisa anastasi mRvdel-mowamisa antioqiel
patriarqisa ara kurTxeul ars maTda kaTalikosi mTavarepiskoposi
siZnelisaTvis gzisa, rameTu agarinTagan vervin ikadrebs svlad. xolo man
bWobiTa krebisaTa mTavarepiskoposTa, mitropolitTa da episkoposTa TvisTa
Tana misca qarTvelTa protreptikoni, romel ars ganxsniTi, raTa TviT maTisa
sazRvris episkoposTagan xelni daesxmodian Jamad-Jamadsa kaTalikossa
qarTlisasa, raica saRmrToman madlman uCvenos maT da romeli gamoarCion
moyvasTa Tavisa eklesiisaTa... da Seuqmna maT aRweriT mosaxsenebeli Tavisa
TvisisaTvis da mun Semokrebulisa krebisaTvis da xelT-dasxmul yo erTi
orTa maT missa movlinebulTa monazonTagani saxeliT ioane mis Jamisa
kaTalikosad maTda~111.
rogorc aRiniSna, antioqieli patriarqebi arabTa Semosevis gamo
aTwleulebis
manZilze
konstantinopolSi
imyofebodnen
tridornis
RvTismSoblis eklesiaSi. isini TavianT sicocxleSi antioqiaSi ar Casulan,
VI
msoflio
krebaze
arCeuli
Teofane
antioqieli
patriarqis
gardacvalebamde. amis Semdeg antioqielma qristianebma xalifa haSinis (723-43)
nebarTviT aRadgines antioqiis kaTedra112 (Cans, igulisxmeba hiSami).
antioqieli patriarqis Teofilaqtes dros (744-750) antioqiaSi Casul
qarTvelTa saeklesio delegacias miuRwevia mieRo arasruli avtokefalia
imJamad
berZnul
eklesiaze
daqvemdebarebuli
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
nawilisaTvis. v. goilaZem gaarkvia, rom Teofilaqte antioqielis mier 744-750
wlebSi saqarTvelos kaTalikosad xeldasxmuli ioane dasavleT saqarTvelos
(afxazeTis) pirvel (avtokefalur?) kaTalikosad unda iqnes miCneuli. misi
moRvaweoba 744 wlis Semdgom xanaze modis113.
efremis cnobas `antioqiuri qronografidan~, romelsac Cvenamde ar
mouRwevia, imeorebs efremis Tanamedrove da TanamoRvawe nikon SavmTeli
Tavis `panediqtebSi~. am cnobaSi, rogorc zemoT iyo moyvanili, naxsenebia
bizantiis
imperatori
xatmebrZoli
konstantine
V
(719-775).
igi
marTlmadideblebs sZuldaT da metsaxelic Searqves xatmebrZolobis gamo _
`funiani~ (mudam sajiniboSi iyo cxenTa siyvarulis gamo), qarTulad ki
Searqves `skore~, rac igive metsaxelia. am imperatoris dros antioqiaSi
`iberiidan~ mosula ori monazoni, Tanaxmad nikon SavmTelisa. nikons naxsenebi
aqvs ara `qarTli~, aramed `iberia~. efrem mcires, vaxtang goilaZis
erT-erTi
sakiTxi.
m.
lorTqifaniZe
wers:
`gaerTianebuli
dasavleT
saqarTvelos eklesia pirvel xanebSi konstantinopolze iyo damokidebuli da
oficialurad berZnul eklesias warmoadgenda, xolo am eklesiis meTauri
afxazTa kaTalikosi _ berZenTa warmomadgeneli. magram am mdgomareobas verc
egris-afxazeTis mefeebi moiTmendnen da verc mcxeTis kaTalikosebi~123.
Seqmnili sarwmunoebrivi viTarebis gamo, berZnul eklesiaSi Semavali `qvemo
iberiis~ sakiTxi konstantinopolis nacvlad ganixila berZnuli eklesiis
meore centrma _ antioqiam. amis Semdeg ukve daiwyo meore etapi `qvemo
iberiis~ (afxazeTis) eklesiisa. meore etapis dros es eklesia daubrunda
qarTul (mcxeTis) dedaeklesias (IX-X saukuneebSi), magram administraciulierarqiuli wyobis ukve arsebuli saxe SeinarCuna. afxazeTis sakaTalikoso
Sevida qarTul eklesiaSi msgavsad berZnul sapatriarqoebSi arsebuli
samitropolitoebisa.
berZnul
sapatriarqoebSi
samitropolitoebs
marTavda
patriarqi.
mitropolitebs,
Tavis
mxriv,
eqvemdebarebodnen
samitropolitoebis
episkoposebi,
romelTa raodenoba sakmaod didi, 500-mdec ki SesaZlebelia
yofiliyo.
afxazeTis
sakaTalikosos
episkoposebi
eqvemdebarebodnen
afxazeTis kaTalikoss, romelic, Tavis mxriv, mcxeTis kaTalikosze iyo
damokidebuli. erTs `uxucesi~, meores ki - `umrwemesi~ erqva.
`egris-afxazeTis mefeebma eklesiuri gamoyofis mopovebisTanave daiwyes
Zveli (bizantiuri) saepiskoposo kaTedrebis moSla dasavleT saqarTveloSi
da maT sapirispirod axali qarTuli kaTedrebis daarseba. X s. manZilze
moiSala gudayvis (ZiRinevis) kaTedra, foTis kaTedra, xolo aSenda
Wyondidis, moqvis, bediisa da sxva saydrebi, sadac Seiqmna axali, qarTuli,
saepiskoposo kaTedrebi. ase TandaTanobiT idevneboda bizantiis gavlena~124.
`es saeklesio gamoyofa, rogorc vTqviT, erTbaSad ar xdeba, jer
xorcieldeba
egris-afxazeTis
eklesiebis
gaerTianeba,
rogorc
konstantinopolis samwysoSi Semavali eparqiisa, romelsac saTaveSi afxazTa
kaTalikosi edga (VIII s. bolo an IX s. dasawyisi), Semdeg IX s. manZilze
dasavleT saqarTvelos eklesia gamoeyo konstantinopols da mcxeTis taxts
uerTiandeba, xolo afxazTa kaTalikosi sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikoss
uqvemdebardeba~125.
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
konstantinopolis
samwysosagan
gamoyofis garkvevisaTvis gamoiyeneba e.w. eqTezisebi _ konstantinopolis
samwysoSi Semavali kaTedrebis nusxebi. Cvens gansaxilvel periods exeba am
nusxaTa ori jgufi. `pirveli jgufis nusxebi Sedgenilia leon VI-is
mefobamde (leoni mefobda 886-911 w.w.), am nusxebSi dasavleT saqarTvelos
yvela kaTedra, fazisis mitropolitiT lazeTSi, misdami daqvemdebarebuli
oTxi episkoposiT, afxazeTis sebastopolis avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi da
jiqeTSi nikofsiis avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposi konstantinopolis samwysos
eqvemdebarebian. meore jgufis nusxebidan Cans, rom X s-is dasawyisSi
dasavleT saqarTvelos arc erTi kaTedra (lazeTis, afxazeTisa da jiqeTis,
nikofsiisa) aRar eqvemdebareba konstantinopolis patriarqs. aRniSnulis
safuZvelze
aSkarad
Cans,
rom
cvlileba
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
mdgomareobaSi, misi gamoyofa konstantinopolidan da mcxeTis taxtisadmi
daqvemdebareba IX saukunis manZilze moxda, radganac pirveli jgufis
nusxebis nagvianevi nusxa IX s-is dasawyisSia (820-829) Sedgenili126, xolo
daqvemdebarebodnen
TavianTi
provinciis
mTavar
episkoposs,
romelic
avtokefaluri iyo. zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, cnobili kanonistebis
Tanaxmad, romis imperiaSi IV s-is dasawyisisaTvis yoveli provincia
avtokefaluri iyo, anu imperiaSi arsebobda imdeni avtokefaluri eklesia,
ramdeni provinciac iyo. imperiaSi iyo 100-ze meti provincia, e.i. IV s.
dasawyisisaTvis mxolod imperiaSi 100-ze meti avtokefaluri eklesia iyo195.
`erovnul-eTnikur niadagze Seqmnili saepiskoposoebis arseboba cno 314
wels ankiraSi gamarTulma adgilobrivma saeklesio krebam. am krebis me-18
kanoniT,
zemoT
dasaxelebuli
saepiskoposoebi
Tanasaworad
da
damoukideblad gamocxadda. es dadgenileba daadastura nikeis msoflio
saeklesio krebis me-4, me-5 da antioqiis adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis (344 w.)
me-9, me-14, me-15, me-19 da me-20 kanonma196, magram saqme is iyo, rom bizantiis
imperiis farglebSi Semavali erovnuli eklesiebis saepiskoposoebidan yvela
ver axerxebda damoukideblobis SenarCunebas, maT ar Sveloda dasaxelebul
krebaTa dadgenilebani Tavi damoukideblad egrZnoT. imperiis farglebSi
moqceul eklesiaTa Soris adridanve damyarda urTierToba, romelic
dafuZnebuli iyo ama Tu im eklesiis SedarebiT siZliereze da am qalaqTa
politikur
mniSvnelobaze,
saerTod
ki
qristianTaTvis
am
qalaqis
197
qristianuli Temis saerTo eklesiur avtoritetze~ .
romis imperiaSi qristianobis saxelmwifo sarwmunoebad gamocxadebisas
imperia dayofili iyo oTx umTavres administraciul erTeulad, romelSic
Sediodnen
ufro
mcire
administraciuli
erTeulebi
diocezebi,
es
ukanasknelni ki Sedgebodnen provinciebisagan, Cveni gansaxilveli droisaTvis.
dioklitianes Semdeg imperia oTx nawilad iyo dayofili (tetrarqati),
romelsac marTavdnen ori imperatori (avgustusi) da ori keisari. wmida
imperatorma konstantine I-ma SeinarCuna saxelmwifo teritoriis dayofa 4
prefeqturad, romelTagan TiToeuli 12 diocezad iyofoda.
eklesia
sasurvelad
miiCnevda
saeklesio
iurisdiqciis
sazRvari
damTxveoda saxelmwifo administraciuls, imis Semdeg, rac qristianoba
saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda, es daadastura Semdgom Semdgarma IV
msoflio krebamac. magram, meore mxriv, qristianobis saxelmwifoebriv rangze
ayvanam
gaaZliera
dedaqalaqebSi
msxdomi
episkoposebis
avtoriteti,
gaafarTova maTi gavlenis sferoebi, dedaqalaqSi imperatorTan sxvadasxva
mniSvnelovani sakiTxis gadasaWrelad, saCivriT Tu TxovniT misuli
provincieli episkoposebis sakiTxis gadaWras imperatori avalebda dedaqalaqis episkoposs, e.i. episkoposebi ukve Tanasworni aRar iyvnen. erTi
daemorCila meores. uzomod gaizarda romis episkoposis avtoriteti,
aRmosavleTSi imperatorTa da keisarTa sajdomi qalaqebis _ aleqsandriisa
da antioqiis eklesiaTa meTaurebis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi gafarTovda
mezobel provinciaTa eklesiebis gavlenis sferoebis xarjze. me-3 msoflio
krebam Tavisi yuradReba miapyro am sakiTxs. moiTxova procesis SeCereba,
uwoda mas eparqiaTa mtacebloba, mamaTa kanonebis darRveva, e.i. CaTvala
Tavdapirveli eklesiisaTvis ucnob praqtikad, saeklesio wesTa SeSlad.
431 wels Semdgar III msoflio eklesiis krebas saCivriT mimarTa
kviproselma episkoposma. am krebis me-8 muxli aseTia: `kviproselma
episkoposebma (riginosi, zinoni da evagre) efesis krebas warudgines sityvieri
da werilobiTi saCivari imis Sesaxeb, rom antioqiis episkoposi moqmedebda
krebam...
iberiis
arqiepiskoposi
pativSi
aiyvana
antioqiis
krebis
dadgenilebam~218.
rogorc Cans, ivane javaxiSvili da sxvebi kaTalikoss aigivebdnen
arqiepiskoposTan, romelsac ramdenime episkoposi eqvemdebareboda, magram
uZvelesi
qarTuli
wyaroebi
qarTuli
eklesiis
pirvelive
meTaurs
`arqiepiskoposad~ moixsenieben. aseve miiCneven, rom saqarTveloSi ara erTi,
aramed mravali episkoposi arsebobda kaTalikosobis dawesebamde. mefe
mirianma
Tavis
gardacvalebis
dros
mouxmo
episkoposebs
`davedra
episkoposTa~, vaxtang gorgasals ucxoeTidan dabrunebis Semdeg Seegebnen
`episkoposni~
kaTalikosobis
daarsebamde.
Tu
gaviTvaliswinebT
im
damokidebulebas, romelic qarTul eklesiaSi arsebobda ara aseuli, aramed
aTaswleulis manZilze petre fulonis mimarT, albaT, masTan qarTuli
eklesiis
avtokefaliis
dakavSireba
gaugebrobad
da
Seuracxyofad
CaiTvleboda.
saqme isaa, rom petre fuloni, anu petre mkawvreli iyo monofizitobis
eresiarqi, didad SeZulebuli qarTvel mamaTa mier. udidesi siamayis sagnad
miaCndaT is, rom petre fuloni `mTavarepiskoposma~ miqaelma da qarTvelma
episkoposebma Caqoles saqarTveloSi jer kidev kaTalikosobis dawesebamde.
ucnobia istoriulia Tu ara es faqti, magram cnobilia is, rom aTaswleulis
manZilze qvemo qarTlSi qvebis grova, romlis ZirSic `migdebuli iyo~
Caqolili
monofiziti
patriarqi
petre,
miiCneoda
qarTuli
1
marTlmadideblobis cocxal Zeglad .
petre mkawvreli Tavisi wvalebis gasavrceleblad Camovida qarTlSi `da
mouwoda netar miqaels kaTalikozsa qarTlisasa... miqael warmovida mcxeTiT
mis queSeTa epikoposTa Tana da mRvdelTa Tana da erisa morwmunisa~, miqaelma
da episkoposebma, rogorc iTqva, qvebiT mokles, Caqoles petre fuloni
`mokles mgeli igi da Seeracxaa maT simarTled~219.
aqedan Cans, rom ZvelqarTuli tradiciiT kaTalikosobis dawyebamde
qarTlSi episkoposTa simravle arsebobda. pirvel kaTalikosad miCneulia
petre, magram Cveni wyaro kaTalikoss uwodebs mis wina arqiepiskopos
miqaelsac. kaTalikoss uwodebs agreTve ruis-urbnisis kreba da efrem mcire
IV saukunidanve qarTuli eklesiis meTaurebs. qarTvel arqiepiskoposs miqaels
petres kaTalikosad arCevamde mouklavs petre fuloni, maSasadame, qarTuli
saeklesio tradicia ar miiCnevda petre fulons petre kaTalikosis
makurTxevlad, radganac am ukanasknelis kaTalikosad arCevisas petre ukve
mkvdari yofila. sxva aseTi Seusabamobanic arsebobs.
yovel SemTxvevaSi, faqtia is, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis V
saukuneSi miRebis damadasturebeli ucxouri wyaroebi ar moipoveba.
saeklesio tradicia, romlis saukeTeso gamomxatveli iyo giorgi mTawmideli,
Tvlida, rom qarTul eklesias ar esaWiroeboda Zieba avtokefaliisa,
radganac igi daarsebidanve avtokefaluri iyo. amitomac arc arsebobda
ucxouri wyaroebi qarTuli eklesiis
avtokefaliis Sesaxeb. xolo efrem
mcires mier mocemuli cnobebi Seexeboda ara mTlianad qarTul eklesias
(mcxeTis eklesias), aramed qarTuli eklesiis erT nawils.
aqve unda iTqvas, rom qarTuli eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb pirdapiri
ucxouri wyaroebis ararsebobis, anda arasakmarisad arsebobis gamo mecnierTa
Soris sufevda da sufevs dabneuloba. erTni, magaliTad, m. TamaraSvili, mari
da
Tavisive
samarTali,
amitom
qarTul
eklesias
bevris
mxriT
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis Tvisebebi etyoboda~285.
sigel-gujarTa SeswavliT mecnierma gamoikvlia, rom saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqs hqonia ufleba sakuTari jaris yolisa, sakuTari
sardlis meTaurobiT igi laSqar-nadirobaSi gancalkevebuli saxelmwifo
erTeulis saxiT monawileobda. es kargad Cans 1362 wliT daTariRebuli
aleqsandre mefis sigelidan286. msgavsi uflebis Semcvelia 1772 wlis daviT
kaxTa mefis gujari rusTvelisadmi. iv. javaxiSvili fiqrobs, rom daviT
aRmaSeneblisa da Tamaris dros omebsa da brZolebSi kaTalikoss Tavis jaris
calke sardali ar hyolia, magram, rogorc cnobilia, qvemo qarTlis
TurqTagan daWerili cixeebi daviT aRmaSeneblis dros Wyondidelma
episkoposma aiRo.
rogorc iTqva, amirspasalar yubasaris avadmyofobis gamo, Cans, miqael
kaTalikosis xelSi ara mxolod Wyondidel-mwignobarTuxucesoba, aramed
laSqris, spis gansagebelic yofila moqceuli. etyoba amitomac didebulTa
moTxovniT yubasars CamoerTva amirspasalaroba da mis nacvlad sxva iqna
daniSnuli. amiT miqaelis Zalaufleba Semcirda.
`yovelgvari cilisa da xangrZlivi gamoZiebis miuxedavad, saeklesio
krebis monawileebma kaTalikosis moqmedebaSi veraferi iseTi saeklesio
xasiaTis danaSauleba ver aRmoaCines, rom misi gadayenebisaTvis kanonieri
safuZveli yofiliyo. amitom saeklesio krebam miqaelis gadayenebis dasturi
Tamarsa da mTavrobas ar misca~287. miqaels darCa mwignobarTuxucesobaWyondidelobac sikvdilamde. kaTalikos-patriarqi miqaeli krebidan ramdenime
wlis Semdeg gardaicvala.
qarTulma
eklesiam,
cxadia,
daiwyo
zrunva
mkvidri
qarTvelebis
dedaeklesiaSi dasabruneblad, maTi kvlav gaqalkedonitebisaTvis (somex
mefeTa mmarTvelobis dros qvemo qarTlis mTlian mkvidr qarTul
mosaxleobas ar uaruyvia marTlmadidebluri-qalkedonuri sarwmunoeba da
dedaeklesia). anisis somexTa samefoSic mravali eTnikuri warmoSobiT
qarTveli cxovrobda, im droisaTvis ukve gamonofizitebuli, romelTac
saqarTvelos gaZlierebis da anisis TurqTagan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg
gauCndaT survili dedaeklesiis wiaRSi dabrunebisa. yovelive es (dava
samwysosaTvis) amZafrebda urTierTobas qarTul da somxur eklesiebs Soris,
aRZravda rjulis mcodneebs umaRlesi msajulis _ saqarTvelis mefis karze
emtkicebinaT TavianTi sarwmunoebis WeSmariteba.
daviT aRmaSeneblis istorikosis Tanaxmad, mefis karze aseTi paeqrobakamaTi marTlac gamarTula. daviT aRmaSenebels `somexTa mefe~ da SahanSa
(anisis mefe) ewodeboda, magram mas qarTvel-somexTa sarwmunoebriv kamaTisas
qarTuli sarwmunoeba daucavs, Tumca ki daviT aRmaSenebeli, rogorc
cnobilia, somexTa mfarvelic iyo. `q. anisis mahmadianTa batonobisagan
gaTavisufleba daviT aRmaSenebels didis ambiT udResaswaulia. maTe
urhaelis sityviT, rodesac saqarTvelos mefem mefeTa sajdomi qalaqi anisi,
romelic samocis wlis ganmavlobaSi monobaSi iyo da anisis saxelovani didi
da wmida kaTolike eklesia, romelic mizgiTad iyo qceuli, gaaTavisufla,
maSin somexTa episkoposni da xucesni da moweseni Sekriba da akurTxa wmida
kaTolike didi zeimiTa~288. qarTuli wyaros cnobiT, es momxdara 1123 wels. k.
kekeliZis azriT, am dros unda momxdariyo qarTvel da somex sasuliero
pirTa paeqroba289.
mematiane wers: `Semokrba odesme winaSe mefisa naTesavni gularZnilni,
yovlad borotTa somexTa episkoposebi da monasterTa maTTa winamZRvrebi
mravali friad... da moaxsenes raTamca yo brZanebiTa misiTa kreba da yvesmca
sityvis-geba da gamoZieba sjulisa: ukeTu iZlivnen somexni iqmnen TanaerTxma
sjulisa da Tvisi sjuli SeaCvenon, xolo ukeTu sZlon somexTa, esoden
miemadlos, raTa arRara gviwoddeTo mwvaleblad da arca SegvaCvenebdeT~290.
marTlac, mefes ubrZanebia krebis mowveva albaT, TbilisSi. `mouwoda
mefemanca ioanes, kaTalikossa qarTlisasa da mis queSeTa episkoposTa da
meudabnoeTa da arsenis iyalToelsa, Targmansa da mecniersa berZenTa da
qarTvelTa enaTasa da ganmanaTlebelsa yovelTa eklesiaTaTa da sxva
mecnierTa da brZen kacTa~291.
marTlac, kreba warmomadgenlobiTi yofila. didxansac gagrZelebula
paeqroba _ ciskridan `cxra Jamamde~, e.i. daaxloebiT dilis 6-7 saaTidan
saRamos 6-7 saaTamde, magram ver dauboloebiaT, `veras uZles daboloebad~.
mizezi amisa yofila orive mxaris `orkerZove Zlevis moyvareba oden da cud
sityvaTa
paeqroba,
rameTu
Sevidian
SeuvalTa
saqmeTa
da
Zniad
290
gamosavalTa~ .
saboloo sityva mefem warmoTqva, igi mimarTuli iyo somexTa mimarT: `iwyo
maTda sityuaTa Tqmad, romelsa RmerTi moscemda ueWvelad pirsa missa,
esodenTa igavTa da saxeTa winadaudgeboda, axsnaTa sakvirvelTa mier
winadaudgromelTa da ucilobelTa, romliTa daanTqna, viTarca megviptelni
da dauyo piri maTi da upasuxo yvna da yovlad usityvel, viTarca odesme
didman basili aTinas Sina. ese mwvalebelni da esoden zargaxdil yvna da
mxargrZelTa Soris, anu qarTvel umaRles sasuliero pirTa (kaTalikosWyondidelisa) da amirspasalar-vezirTa Soris (mandaturTuxucesoba, `karis
garigebis~
Tanaxmad,
mxargrZelTa
`SanSeTa
saxlis~
xelSi
iyo,
msaxurTuxucesoba ivane mxargrZelis xelSi iyo).
paeqrobisas `viTar uwyiT, somexTa sityvamisveobisa, Zlieri RaRadi
aRuteves, cilobisa swori Zleva iqmneboda~296. qarTvelma kaTalikosma
somxebs mimarTa grZeli sityviT, romelsac gadmogvcems `istoriani da azmani
SaravandedTanis~ avtori. sityvis bolos uTxra somxebs: _ `Tu sarwmunoeba
Tqveni umjobes _ sadme ars Tqven mier Seicvalebis puri xorcad uflisad,
Tu Cveni umjobes ars Cven mier mRvdelmoqmedebuli Seicvalebis xorcad
uflisad~297. Semdeg mokamaTe mxareebs gadauwyvetiaT `saqmiT gamoeCinaT~, YTu
romelTa mier Sewiruli wmida msxverpli gadaiqceoda liturgiisas wmida
xorcad uflisa. Semdeg es ucnauri xerxiT SeumowmebiaT, kerZod, orive
mxares sami dRiT ZaRlebi daumSeviaT, Semdeg ki maT win daudgamT wmida
ZRveni. qarTvelTa Senawirs mSieri ZaRli ar gahkarebia, somexTa Senawiri ki
ZaRls SeuWamia. gamarjvebiT gaxarebuli qarTveli kaTalikosi Sesula
laSqarSi, romelTa meTauri amirspasalari _ damarcxda am ucnauri
paeqrobisas. `esreT mxiaruliTa piriTa movles yoveli banaki. somexTa
viTarca myvari utbo, egreT dges uxmod, qveyanad mxedveli, viTarca odesme
mRvdelni astartesni~.
ivane mxargrZels amis Semdeg gadauwyvetia monaTvla, igi monaTlula
ioane kaTalikozis dros. masTan erTad sxva somxebic monaTlulan. aqve unda
aRiniSnos, rom mxargrZelebs TavianTi Tavi eTnikuri warmoSobiT miaCndaT
ara somxebad, aramed sparselebad, artaqserqses STamomavlebad. wyaroze
dayrdnobiT (vardani) mecnierebi maT qurTebad miiCneven, yovel SemTxvevaSi
isini iyvnen ara somxebi, aramed `sarwmunoebiT somxebi~, rogorc mematiane
uwodebs. isini `somxebad~ miiCneodnen somxuri eklesiis wevrobis gamo.
aseTive warmoSobis `somxebi~, anu `sarwmunoebiT somxebi~ (eTnikuri
warmoSobiT ki qarTvelebi) mravlad cxovrobdnen taosa da samxreT
saqarTveloSi, qvemo qarTlsa da hereTSi. magaliTad, grigol bakurianis Zis
anderZis Tanaxmad, mis naTesavTa anda msaxurTa Soris yofilan `sarwmunoebiT
somexni~, `vinaica menebos, naTesavTa CemTa da msaxurTa CemTa, rameTu somexni
iyvnen sarwmunoebiTa~298. swored aseTi `sarwmunoebiT somexi~, eTnikuri
warmoSobiT ki qarTuli mosaxleoba tovebda somxuri eklesiis wiaRs da
ubrundeboda dedaqarTul eklesias.
unda iTqvas, rom zemoaRniSnul ucnaur kamaTSi Tamar mefe ar Careula.
mas agreTve ar unebebia, rom am Sekrebas `saeklesio kreba~ wodeboda, ufro
sworad, mas ar ubrZanebia saeklesio krebis mowveva. `mciredni iyvnes mun
episkoposni, rameTu ara kreba eyo mefesa~299.
13. anisis Sekreba (1218 w.)
erTi saeklesio Sekreba mowveul iqna qalaq anisSi, saqarTvelos mefis
brZanebiT. somxeTSi daviT aRmaSeneblamdec arsebobda qarTuli eklesiis
mrevli, es mrevli iseTi mravalricxovani da Zlieri iyo, rom maT TavianTi
saepiskoposoebic hqondaT. es ukanasknelni, cxadia, Sediodnen qarTuli
fiqrobda,
aramed
asaxavda
saqarTvelos
mTavrobis
SigniT
arsebul
winaaRmdegobas `oTx monazonsa~ da vazirTa, anu ufro sworad, Wyondidelsa
da amirspasalars Soris. ivane javaxiSvili werda: `...saqarTvelos maSindeli
mTavroba
saeklesiod
Sewiruli
miwebis
gacemis
aucileblobas
343
amarTlebda~ . unda vifiqroT, rom ara `saqarTvelos mTavroba~, aramed
`vazirni~, kerZod, amirspasalari da maTi mimdevarni, romelTa xelSi iyo
`mamulTa
gacemis~
saqme,
amarTlebdnen
Sewiruli
miwebis
gacemis
aucileblobas.
JamTaaRmwereli
wers
Wyondidel
basilis
Sesaxeb,
rom
samefos
aRmosavleTis sazRvrebis dacvis gamo mefis mouclelobis Jams `gandidna
Wyondideli basili da ujarmeli, da iwyo sauravTaca qmnad Tvinier mefisa
kiTxvisa da mefis imeriT yofasa Sina diad awyina sefeTa qveyanaTa, rameTu
viTar TvisTa xedvida~344, basili `...moakvdina mefeman uwesobisaTvis, rameTu
Tana eyo basili esuqnis da ara rida sawolsa patronisa mefisasa da Coxanica
aRixada da mTavroba miitaca, amis uwesoebisaTvis moikla basili~345. basilis
mtrebs xma daugdiaT, rom igi mefis sawolis Semaginebeli iyo. `amisaTvis
Sesmenil iqmna basili winaSe mefisa, romelman mswrafl moiyvana da brZana
Zelsa damokideba. damohkides Zelsa Sua-qalaqsa, rameTu iyo mefe mswraflmorwmune da litonica~346.
monRolTa batonobis dros Seryeula qveynis marTvis kolegialuri wesi,
roca mefesTan erTad saxelmwifo marTvis sadaveebTan idga `oTxi monazoni
da sami veziri~. mefe erTpirovnuli mmarTveli gamxdara. Zveli wesebis areva
da misdami upativcemuloba Cans basili-Wyondidel-ujarmelis moqmedebaSic,
roca man `Coxani aRixadna~, e.i. uari Tqva berobaze (monaznobaze), maSasadame,
igi `oTx monazonTa~ jgufSi veRar darCeboda. amis nacvlad, man SeZlo
`mTavrobis mitaceba~ da am `mTavrobiT~ marTavda, `awyenda sefe qveyanaTa~. e.i.
samefo domenebis faqtobrivi mmarTveli gamxdara. eWviani da malemrwmeni
mefec daurwmunebiaT, TiTqosda igi dedofalTan cxovrobda. magram mis mier
saeklesio mamulis gacemis Sesaxeb mematiane arafers aRniSnavs. amitomac
SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom basili Wyondideli ar iyo gareuli saeklesio
mamulebis gacemis sakiTxSi. SeiZleba esec vifiqroT, rom mas cili daswames
imaTve, romelTac Tavis droze saxeli gautexes laSa-giorgis, roca man
moindoma laSqris xelmZRvanelobisa da saxelmwifo mmarTvelobis sadaveebis
xelSi mtkiced daWera. laSa-giorgi, mama ulu daviTisa, damarcxda
mxargrZelTa Zlier ojaxTan dapirispirebisas, aseve unda vifiqroT, rom
basili Wyondideli damarcxda amirspasalarsa da sxva mis mimdgom vezirebTan
samTavrobo omisas.
yovelive zemoaRwerili kidev erTxel amtkicebs, Tu ra saSiSroebas
uqadda saqarTvelos saxelmwifos, eklesiisa da Cveni xalxis zneobas
monRolTa batonoba. am dros yovelgvari zneobriv-ekonomikuri safuZvlebi
Seryeula. amis anarekls warmoadgens, rogorc ivane javaxiSvili fiqrobda,
1263 wels mowveuli saeklesio krebis dadgenileba.
mefeebis
ndoba
raRac
mizezis
gamo,
rac
istorikosebs
jer
ver
gaurkveviaT~379.
ai, rogor warimarTa antonis e.w. gakaTolikebis saqme: yvelasaTvis, maT
Soris, antonisaTvis moulodnelad, 1755 wlis miwuruls, kaTalikosi
daapatimres, dilegSi Casves, gakriWes, `sisxli adines~, rogorc Cans, cemiT an
upatio mopyrobiT. dilegSi, anu sakanSi yofnisas antonTan agzavnidnen
misadmi mtrulad ganwyobil sasuliero pirebs dakiTxvis mizniT, romelTa
pasuxebze dafuZnebiTac mefem da saeklesio krebam gadawyvita kaTalikosis
umkacresi dasja ise, rom braldebuli arc naxes da arc mousmines. rogorc
aRiniSna, antoni `gakriWes da sapyrobiles misces. gakriWes yvela misi
Tanaziaric~380.
dapatimrebis win antoni seriozulad iyo avad. `mzametyvelebis~ werisas
`TavauRebelma muSaobam antoni daasneula. Tavad kaTalikosis gadmocemiT,
naTesavebi, mefis Svilebi urCevdnen mas xeli aeRo mZime Sromaze, eqimebic
ukrZalavdnen, vinaidan zurgis marjvena mxares, RviZlis siaxloves tkivilebi
daewyo~381.
dapatimrebulma
antonma
gadawyvita
mefisaTvis
TxovniT
miemarTa:
`mefisadmi wardgenil TxovnaSi Cans, rom antoni sapyrobileSia. misi
urTierToba mefesTan zaqaria gabaSvilis, kaTalikosis Seurigebeli mtris,
meSveobiT xorcieldeba. antoni382.
aseT mdgomareobaSi myofma antonma, romelmac ar icoda ra xdeboda mis
gare samyaroSi da eloda sikvdils, mefes mimarTa TxovniT, miecaT qveynis
datovebis neba, Tu amis nebasac ar momcemT, swerda igi mefes _ `maSin sjobia
momklaT~383.
platon ioselianis Canaweridan SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom jer daapatimres
antoni da mxolod Semdgom Seudgnen im sababis moZiebas, rac safuZvlad
daedeboda antonis gamtyunebas. Tavdapirvelad, zaqaria gabaSvilze ufro
adre, dapatimrebul antonTan SeugzavniaT ori arqimandriti. maT mier
antonisadmi micemuli kiTxvebidan SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom antons jer kidev
ar debdnen bralad `gakaTolikebas~, aramed cdilobdnen misTvis urwmunoeba
daebralebinaT: `wargzavnil arqimandritebs kaTolikosisaTvis ukiTxavT,
swams Tu ara mas RmerTi. kaTalikoss pasuxi ar gaucia, rac arqimandritebs
krebisaTvis mouxsenebiaT. es orjer da samjer ganmeorebula, mesamed, icoda
ra, rom eklesiis kanonebiT samgzis dakiTxvis Semdeg braldebuls
asamarTleben, Tuki igi Tavs ver
imarTlebs, kaTalikoss fsalmunis
sityvebiT upasuxnia: `Tqva ugunurma gulsa Sina Tvissa: ara ars RmerTi~,
saerTod, Tavidan kaTolikosi mtkiced idga da ar surda moenaniebina~384.
krebam 1755 wlis 16 dekembers gankveTa antoni, aukrZala RvTismsaxureba.
Sedga Tu ara namdvilad krebebi? dilegSi damwyvdeulma antonma Semdeg
gadawyvita `monanieba~, ris sanacvlodac mefes mosTxova sagangebo sabuTi
ruseTSi warsadgenad. am sabuTis dedani antonma TviTonve dawera da mefes
gaugzavna xelmosawerad. mefem am sabuTs xeli ar moawera, magram sanacvlod
gadasca saeklesio krebebis ganCinebebidan amonaweri. SeiZleba vifiqroT, rom
sinamdvileSi Sedga Sekrebani, sadac Tavis droze dokumentebi ar Seqmnila,
magram radganac antoni iTxovda dokumentebs sagangebod misTvis gadasacemad,
ukana ricxviT Seadgines krebebis aqtebi da gadasces antons. yovel
igi rom mefeTa mieraa gacemuli da ara krebis mier, iqidanac Cans, rom masSi
mefeebi pirveli piriT laparakoben, antons sweren: `garna saydarsave aRsvla
Seni cxovrebasa Sina Sensa arRara iqmneboda, orTave mefeTa krebasa ficiT
esreT dagvemtkica~389. antonisadmi micemul am cnoba-ganCinebaSi~ naTqvamia:
`friad
wadier
iqmen
yovliTurT
keTilmsaxursa
da
yovliTurT
marTlmadidebelsa
imperiasa
ruseTisasa
warsvlad,
romelica
umetes
gulsavse gvyofda marTlmadideblobasa Sensa. amas zeda yovelTave erTobiT
mefeTa da krebaman SevamokleT kanonni, romelnica gangvewesnes, raTa Rirs
iqmne
usisxlosa
msxverplsa
Sewirvad...
da
esreT
pativiTa
mRvdelmTavrobisaTa warggzavnes da Rirs ars Sewynareba Seni mRvdelmTavrad
marTlmadideblad da sadaca mixvide dauyovneblad xelyofad saRmrTosa
liturgiisa
yovlisa
samRvdelmTavroisa
moqmedebisa,
viTarc
389
mRvdelmTavari~ .
antoni aRadgines mRvdelmTavris xarisxSi 18 Tvis nacvlad, 3 Tvis Semdeg,
misces liturgiis aRsrulebis neba. am cnobiTa da mRvdelmTavris wodebiT
aRWurvili antoni wardga ruseTis wmida sinodis winaSe, sadac mtkiced
ganacxada, rom mefe Teimurazma `cili dawama da gaamtyuna udanaSaulod~390.
antoni acxadebda, rom igi arasodes yofila `gakaTolikebuli~ da rom mas
codva marTlmadideblobis winaSe ar miuZRoda. maS, riT iyo ciliswameba
gamowveuli? Teimuraz mefes surda Cemi damxoba sakaTalikoso taxtidan,
radganac eSinoda Cemi, viTarca politikuri mowinaaRmdegisao. `Tumca me viyav
beri, ambobs is, magram ara iseTi, romelic mudam cxovrobs monasterSi~391.
maSasadame, antons SeeZlo qarTlis samefo taxtze asvla, Tuki igi amas
Seecdeboda. magram hqonda Tu ara bers amis ufleba? rogorc antonis zemoT
moyvanili sityvidan Cans, antons amis ufleba hqonda, saqarTvelos istoriaSi
aris magaliTebi, roca kaTalikosebic saero Tanamdebobebs iWerdnen, anda
mTavrobis aqtiuri wevrebi da saero-saqveyno cxovrebis warmmarTvelebi
iyvnen, esaa cnobili faqtebi (mag.: Wyondidelis mier saqarTvelos mTavrobis
marTva da sxv.). magram aris aseve ufro cxoveli magaliTebi. magaliTad,
gurielTa samTavro saxlis Svili svimoni berad iyo aRkvecili daaxloebiT
1657-1660 wlebSi, miuxedavad amisa, mas imereTis mefe aleqsandrem uboZa guriis
mTavris tituli, berma simonma gaixada beris Coxa da avida guriis mTavris
taxtze, gaxda mTavari guriisa. eklesiis mxridan am yofil bers daades
sakanono _ beris Coxis gaxdis sanacvlod, mTavarma eklesias Seswira erTi
sofeli, romlis Sesabamisi sabuTic moRweulia Cvenamde392.
arsebobs meore magaliTic, roca erTma kaTalikosma Tavis xelSi aiRo
saqarTvelos erT-erTi kuTxis mTavroba: afxazeTis (dasavleT saqarTvelos)
kaTalikosi malaqia amave dros iyo guriis mTavaric. misi tituli iyo
`guriel-kaTalikosi patroni malaqia~, cxovrobda XVII s-is dasawyisSi393.
saqarTvelos istoriidanac aris magaliTebi, roca berad Semdgarma
pirovnebam gaixada sabero Coxa da avida samefo taxtze. magaliTad, daviT
aRmaSeneblis Ze demetre I aiZula Svilma daviT V-m mietovebina samefo taxti,
igi berad aRikveca, Svilis sikvdilis Semdgom ki gaixada beris Coxa da kvlav
dajda mefis taxtze, aseve kaxeTis mefem aleqsandrem miatova mefoba, aRikveca
berad, Semdeg ki gaixada beris Coxa da avida samefo taxtze.
dekenbers iv (16)
q. Cven cxebulman mefeman saqarTvelosaman Teimuraz da Zeman Cvenman
mefeman kaxeTisaman iraklim ese aRTqma da piri davamtkiceT da ucvalebelad
davdeviT krebasa Sina. vpoeT antoni kaTalikozi romaelTa sarwmunoebaTa
aRmsarebelad da CvenTa sarwmunoebaTa Seuracx mqmnelad, amas zeda
SevikribeniT sabrZanebelTa Sina CvenTa qarTlisa da kaxeTisa mitropolitni
da episkoposni. arqimandritni da winamZRvarni, agre orTave samefoTa mTavarni
da darbazis erni. miuvlineT mociqulni, vkiTxeT da vamxileT misi boroti
cTomileba. xolo man saanjmnoda aRiara Cvenisa sarwmunoebisagan midreka da
laTinTa sarwmunoebisa aRsareba daamtkica. ese aw Sekrebulman wmidaman
krebaman ugulebel hyo da antoni kaTalikozi samociqulosa saydarsa da
kaTolike eklesiisagan jerovnad aRvfxvarT da kaTalikozobisagan ganvayeneT.
aw ese piri davamtkiceT, ukeTu sameoxoTa sityvaTa romelmanme Cven mefem
Teimuraz, anu Zeman Cvenman mefem iraklim da yovelTa saqarTveloTagan anu
mTavarman qenebiTa anu romliTame mizeziTa ese aRTqmuli SevcvaloT da
kualad misi kaTalikozad dadgineba movindomoT, risxvasamca SevcvlviT
wmidasa da erT arsisa samebisasa da yovelTa mgmobarTa Tana daiwesebis
cxovreba Cveni da wmidaTa didTa msoflioTa krebaTagan vebulad
SeCvenebiTamc aRviocebiT~.
2. `qristes aqeT CRNE (1755)
dekenbers iv (16)
cxad
iqmna
saqarTvelosa
Sina
antoni
kaTalikozisa
qarTvelTa
sarwmunoebaTagan gandgoma da laTinTa sarwmunoebisad midreka. amas zeda
didad aRZrnes mefeni da srulni saqarTvelosa samRvdelo da saeroni erni.
amasve Jamsa mefeman saqarTvelosaman, RmrTiv cxebulman Teimuraz da Zeman
misman mefeman kaxeTisaman iraklim, Sekribnes orTave samefoTa mitropolitni,
episkoposni, arqimandritni da winamZRvarni. agreTve mTavarni da darbazis
erni. mociqulni miuvlines kaTalikozsa da SeWmariti sarwmunoeba hkiTxes.
xolo man mtkiced aRiara qarTvelTa sarwmuneobisagan gasvla da laTinTa
mimarT midreka. masve Jamsa warmoadginna Tavisni aRzrdilni xuTni vinme
samRvdeloni da maT ufrosad ma amaRlebiT aRiares aRmosavleTTa
eklesiisagan ganyeneba da laTinTa sarwmunoebisa Sewynareba. ra mefeTa ese
daimtkices, romel SescTes, ese antoni masve Jamsa kaTalikozobisagan
ganayenes da wirvisaganmca gankveTes. agreTve TanaaRmsarebelni misni miiyvanes
winaSe mefeTa da krebisa. dasajes, Tmani da wverni aRkveces. Semdgomad dReTa
raodenTame kualad cnobad movida, sinanulad iwyo da agreTve qarTvelTa
sarwmunoebis aRsareba, fici da aRTqma daudva. maSin srulad warmoTqva,
romel aTvrameti Tve, daeyo maTsa wvalebasa Sina aRsarebiTa da ziarebiTa,
radgan moiqca da egreTve sinanulad movida, moZRvari uCvenes da sinanulad
ganakanones: radgan aTvrameti Tve hqonda wvalebasa Sina sxvasa sinanulisa
gareT, aTvrametive Tve wirvisagan daayenes. mermeRa Semdgomac aTvrametisa
Tvis Seiwynares da wirva misces da ese aRTqma, fici da SeCveneba wigniT
daamtkices,
romel
ars
romelTame
mizeziTa
da
sinanuliT
amisi
kaTalikozoba aRar iqnas. garna esreT Seiwynares, romel Tu undes aqave
dadges, Tu ara romelsame marTlmadidebelTa samTavrosa Sina movides.
Semdgomad ama ricxulTa aRsarebisa wirvisagan nuRaravin daayeneben,
Seiwynaron da Jami awirvinon: radgan kaTalikozobisa micema wignTa da
has not been yet formed completely, the Georgian Church enabled to subordinate under its jurisdiction
both the civil and the church powers. According to ecclesiastical laws of that time, the bishop was
considered a Second King and a creator of the Christian legal norms (see Article 102 of the Legal
Code of Bagrat Kurapalati). Perhaps, this factor caused an integrated civil-and-church nature of powers
of Kakheti cor-episkopian unit, subordination of civil-and-church powers by Head Bishop of Samtskhe
Giorgi Shuartklerli and by cor-bishops (representatives of the Bishop) of Svaneti and mountainous
regions of the Eastern Georgia under their jurisdiction. We think that the same rights were granted to
the bishops of Chkondidi in Abkhaseti, to whom the Byzantian Emperor has granted various titles of
honor (Svingeloz, Protoupertimoc) until Georgias unification. Since the times Georgia has become
an unifed state, the above mentioned situation of the Church reflected also on the state (civil)
governance. One of the clear examples is fact that Mtsignobartukhutsesi-Chkondideli has become a
leader of the State Power. This fact is analyzed in details in the given Work. A fact of integration of the
church and civil powers is a type of conversation of church synods in Ancient Georgia. As a rule (there
are Large number of examples in the Work in this regards) the State Darbazi (council) when
considering the church-related matters was transformed into the Church Synod and adopted the church
canons. Sittings of the Darbazi were held in Kinggs Palace and all the laws adopted were considered
as the highest legislative norms (according to Kartlis Tskhovreb).
There words of an annalist are confirmed by our surveys, as well. As a result of a an analysis of
number of church synods we came to conclusion that a main reason of this unusual fact was an until of
civil and church powers.
giuli alasania
sergo vardosaniZe
sardikiel
episkoposs,
cecilian
karTagenel
episkoposs,
pisti
markianopolel episkoposs, ipati gangrel episkoposs; garpokration
kinopolel
episkoposs;
presviterTagan:
biton
da
bikenti
romael
presviterebs, aramarTlmadidebeli episkoposebi: evstevi nikomidieli,
Teogniste nikeeli, maris qalkedoneli, Teona marmarikeli; sekundi
ptolemaideli, menofante efeseli; patrofil skviTopoleli; narkis
neronieli7.
qalaqi gangra mcire aziaSi mdebareobda, aqedan iyo ipati gangreli
episkoposi da ara saqarTvelodan, rogorc miiCnevs zogierTi qarTveli
istorikosi.
iRebda
saqarTvelos
(iberiis)
eklesiis
warmomadgeneli
episkoposi
pantofile9. 381 wels konsntantinopolSi mowveuli msoflio kreba
mniSvnelovani iyo mcire adgilobrivi eklesiebisaTvis imiT, rom igi Tavisi
me-2 kanoniT icavda maT TavisTavadobas: TiToeul saeklesio samTavros (e.i.
saeklesio erTeulis momcvel politikur-administraciuli teritorias)
ganagebs amave samTavros saeklesio kreba nikeaSi gansazRruli kanonis
Tanaxmad, xolo `warmarTa Soris arsebuli ucxo tomTa eklesiebi unda
ganagon mamaTa mier dawesebuli Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~10.
II msoflio krebis II kanoni balsamons miaCnda misi drois eklesiebis
avtokefalobis kanonikur safuZvlad11.
aRniSnuli muxli, balsamonis azriT, uflebas aZlevs saxelmwifos
sazRvrebis SigniT arsebul eklesias iyos TviTmwyemsi, anu imarTebodes
adgilobrivi saeklesio krebis mier.
II msoflio krebis me-2 muxlis mixedviT, meoTxe saukuneSi imperiis
gareT mcxovreb xalxTa eklesiebi,
imarTeboda `mamaTa mier dawesebuli
Zveli kanonebis mixedviT~. cxadia, 381 wlis msoflio krebisaTvis am mxriv,
yvelaze avtoritetuli unda yofiliyo mociqulTa kanonebis 34-e muxli,
romelSic naTqvamia: `yvela eris episkoposebma unda icodnen maT Soris
pirveli da Tavi episkoposi da araferi zedmeti ar unda gaakeTon mis
gareSe~12. erTi aseTi iyo qristiani qarTveli xalxi, miT umetes, rom mas
hqonda Tavisi saxelmwifo, romlis eklesiis avtokefaliis safuZveli
ZvelTaganve aris I da II krebaTa mier damtkicebuli pirvelqristianuli
Temebis (SemdegSi saeklesio erTeulebis) TavisTavadoba.
3. qarTveli episkoposi me-3 msoflio
krebaze (431 w.)
431 wels efesoSi Catarda me-3 msoflio saeklesio kreba, rogorc
miiCneven am krebis momzadebaSi monawileoba miuRia egreT wodebuli
qarTlis `sparsuli nawilis~ episkoposs ieremias13. am krebis masalebSi
moxseniebuli qarTveli episkoposi ieremia, rogorc mas uwodeben, `iberieli
ieremia~ yofila nestorianelTa winaaRmdeg mebrZoli da V saukunis pirvel
naxevarSi gaafTrebiT ibrZoda nestorianelTa doqtrinis winaaRmdeg)14.
wmida grigol feraZis cnobiT, konstantinopolSi yofila `didaqes~, anu `12
mociqulTa moZRvrebis~ kanonikuri mwerlobis erT-erTi adrindeli Zeglis
_ Targmani, gadaRebuli 1923 wels, vinme feiqriSvilis mier. feraZis azriT,
igi gadaTargmnilia berZnulidan qarTul enaze V saukuneSi, ieremia
iberielis mier. es ieremia Tavis Tavs ase uwodebs: `ieremia urhaeli
qarTveli marTlmadidebeli, yaribobis gamo Tavisianebsa da samSoblos
daSorebuli~15.
k. kekeliZe fiqrobs, rom didaqes aseTi Targmani ar
arsebobda da ieremia urhaeli ar yofila da arc umoRvawia urhaSi16.
k.kekeliZis azriT `didaqe~ axal droSia Targmnili, SesaZloa mas Semdegac,
rac filoTeos brieniosma aRmoaCina misi teqsti17. nestorianebs, romelnic
daamarcxa III msoflio krebam, didad ebrZoda qarTuli eklesia. am
brZolaSi gamoirCeodnen qarTveli mamebi, imdenad moSureni nestoris
wvalebis aRmosafxvrelad, rom zogierT maTgans, Cans, ver SeugrZvnia
6. VI msoflio saeklesio krebis (680 w.) mier saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebaTa aRiareba
680 wels konstantinopolSi Sedga msoflio saeklesio kreba. igi moiwvia
imperatorma konstantine poRonatma (668-685), raTa emxilebina monoTelitebis
crumoZRvreba. monoTelitebi, marTalia, cnobdnen qristeSi or - RvTaebriv da
kacobriv bunebas, magram aRiarebdnen masSi mxolod RvTaebriv nebisyofas.
imperatori herakle, romlis drosac suli Caedga am eress, fiqrobda, rom
am axali moZRvrebis daxmarebiT SesaZlebeli iqneboda monofizitebisa da
diofizitebis Serigeba. am or uzarmazar sarwunoebriv banaks Soris mtroba
imperias ganxeTqilebiT emuqreboda. monoTelitobis eress Tavidanve ebrZodnen
sofron ierusalimeli da konstantinopoleli beri maqsime aRmsarebeli (mas
ena da xelic ki mokveTes amis gamo, sabolood ki lazikaSi gadmoasaxles).
meeqvse
msoflio
krebam
170
episkoposis
monawileobiT
dagmo
monoTelitobis eresi. ganisazRvra qristeSi ori buneba - RvTaebrivi da
kacobrivi. am or bunebas ori nebisyofa aqvs, magram ise, rom kacuri nebisyofa
ar ewinaaRmdegeba da emorCileba RvTaebrivs.
VI msoflio krebas kanonebi ar gamoutania, magram zogierTi qarTuli
xelnaweris Tanaxmad, miuRia dadgenilebani, maT Soris, qarTuli eklesiis
sapatriarqo eklesiad aRiarebis Sesaxebac. ganusazRvravs misi iurisdiqciis
sazRvrebi. `qarTlis cxovrebis~ CanarTi wers: `... iqmna kreba meeqvse, wmidaTa
mamaTa konstantinopolis Sina, meaTsametesa welsa poRonati konstantines
mefobisasa, romeli iyo mama iustinianesi, romlisa winamZRvar iyvnes Teodore
da giorgi xucesni da ioane diakoni, adgilis-mcvelni aRaTon romis papisani
da giorgi konstantino-poleli, Teofane antioqieli. amis krebisa mier
brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa,
raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani,
sapatriaqoni da iyos kaTalikosi qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana, da
akurTxevdes da mwysides da ganagebdes samarTliT mTavarepiskoposTa,
mitrapolitTa da episkoposTa samwysosa Tvissa qarTlisa, gamoRma-gaRma
kaxeTsa, Saqsa, Sirvansa da midgmiT wamovliT mTisa adgilisaTa, suaneTisa da
Cerqezis sazRvramdis, sruliad oseTsa da yovelsa zemo qarTlsa, samcxesaaTabagosa. misTvis migviTvlia saqarTvelos eklesiani. mas hmonebdnen da mis
xel queSe iyvnen da sjulsa missa erCden da misgan imwyesebodnen. da
migvicemia xelmwifeba Sekvrisa da ganxsnisa... xolo pirveliTgan antioqiisa
krebisa mier ganpatiosnebuli iyo. da am krebis mier dagvimtkicebia patriaqad,
rameTu nu iqnebin mitropolitni, nuca episkoposi kaTalikosisa Seundobrad.
xolo ukeTu vinme ikadros kaTalikosisa winaaRdgoma, mTavarepiskoposman,
gina mitropolitman, anu episkoposman, anu daipyras xarisxi da eklesia
ZaliTa, kaTalikosisa ukiTxavad da Seundobelad, anu ikurTxos mefe, gina
mTavarni, anu mTavarespikoposni da mitropolit-episkoposni, ganikueTen. xolo
odesa enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa, akurTxos Tvissa eklesiasa~48.
rogorc iTqva, VI msoflio krebas kanonebi ar gamoucia, magram krebis
mier dadgenili da imperatoris mier damtkicebuli saboloo teqsti 681 wlis
16 seqtembers gadaeca saimperatoro kars sagangebod dasacavad49.
safiqrebelia, rom swored es saboloo teqsti unda dadeboda safuZvlad
`qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoT moyvanil CanarTs msoflio krebis mier qarTuli
eklesiisaTvis sapatriarqo Rirsebis miniWebis Sesaxeb. v. goilaZis azriT, am
Tvalsazrisis gamoTqmis uflebas iZleva `martvilur xelnawerebSi~ arsebuli
msgavsi cnoba. es cnoba aseTia: `rameTu esreT Sesaswavebel ars taxtikonsa
Sina konstantinopolisasa, viTarmed mas Jamsa wmida meeqvsesa krebasa
konstantine
poRonatisasa
da
aRaTon
romTa
papisa,
giorgi
konstantinopolelisasa da Teofane antioqielisasa da maT-Tana asocdaaTTa
mamaTagan gapatiosnda kaTalikozi qarTlisa da yves mamamTavrad da
Tavisuflad da uflad yovelsa zeda saqarTvelosa: da mere kvaladve krebasa
Sina antioqiisasa ganTavisuflda da gapatiosnda, rameTu arRaravisagan xel
qveS ars, aramed Tavisufal da mamamTavari ars~50.
`martvilur xelnawerSi~ wyarod dasaxelebuli `konstantino-poluri
taqtikoni~, SesaZloa, iyos is dokumenti, romelic 681 wlis 16 seqtembers
gadaeca Sesanaxad samefo karis samdivnos.
marTalia, aTi wlis, Semdeg 691 wels mowveul iqna e.w. trulis kreba,
romelmac iRvawa kanonSemoqmedebiTi TvalsazrisiT. Sekriba da gamosca wina
msoflio krebaTa kanonebi, magram maTSi ar Sesula mravali kanoni da
dadgenileba wina krebebisa, albaT, masSi ar moxvda aseve VI krebis
dadgenileba qarTuli eklesiis Sesaxeb51.
v. goilaZem gamoikvlia, rom `qarTlis cxovrebis~ zemoaRniSnuli cnoba
sandoa, radganac masSi sworadaa asaxuli krebis mimdinareobis istoriuli
viTareba, kerZod, krebaze damswreTa Soris moxseniebulia ara antioqieli
patriarqi makariosi, romelic krebam monoTelit-mwvaleblad aRiara da
gaaZeva, aramed mis adgilze arCeuli axali patriarqi antioqiisa Teofane,
romelic bolomde iyo krebaze.
maSasadame, Zvel qarTul saeklesio istoriografias samarTlianad
miaCnda, rom qarTulma eklesiam sapatriarqo Rirseba moipova VI msoflio
krebaze, 681 wels. iqamde patriarqis wodebas atarebda amierkavkasiis orive
mezobeli eklesiis meTaurebi - somxeTisa da albaneTisa. rogorc es kargad
Cans movses kalankatuacis Txzulebidan. amitomac araa gasakviri is, rom
qarTuli eklesiis meTaurs eZia patriarqis wodeba da moepovebina es udidesi
Rirseba msoflio eklesiis dasturiT. amis Semdeg qarTuli eklesiis pativi
gauTanabrdeboda msoflios sxva sapatriarqoTa pativs. amas sagangebod
aRniSnavs cnoba: `amis krebis mier brZanes esreT wmidisa eklesiisa
saqarTvelosaTvis, romel ars wmida mcxeTa, raTa iyos swor pativiTa viTarca
wmidani samociqulo kaTolike eklesiani, sapatriarqoni da iyos kaTalikosi
qarTlisa swori patriarqTa Tana~52. aqvea ganxiluli qarTuli eklesiis
samwyso. masSi eTnikuri qarTuli teritoriebis garda, Sevida albaneTis
yofil sapatriarqoSi Semavali qarTuli eTnosiT dasaxlebuli teritoriebi:
Saqi da Sirvani, maT garda, kavkasiis mTianeTi `midgmiT - warmovliT mTisa
adgilni~ - esenia dRevandeli daRestani, CeCneT-inguSeTi vidre `suaneTisa da
Cerqezis sazRvramdis~, masSi Sesula `sruliad oseTi~. oseTi im droisaTvis
mxolod Crdilo kavkasiaSi arsebobda. aRsaniSnavia, rom albaneTis eklesia,
swored VII s-is dasasruls SeierTa somxurma monofiziturma eklesiam, m.
kalankatuacis Tanaxmad; xolo albaneTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare eTnikuri
qarTvelebiT
dasaxlebuli
mxareebi,
rogorc
aRiniSna,
daubrunda
dedaeklesias. yovel SemTxvevaSi, am mxareebis mimarT qarTul eklesias Tavisi
iurisdiqciis ufleba hqonda, romelic man mogvianebiT ganaxorciela kidec.
aRsaniSnavia meore garemoebac, rom Savi zRvispira qarTuli mxareebi am
droisaTvis, e.i. VII s-is bolosaTvis, araa qarTuli eklesiis iurisdiqciaSi.
marTlac, am dros es miwa-wyali dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira nawili
vidre e.w. `skanda-Sorapnis~ xazamde konstantinopolis sapatriarqos miaCnda
Tavisi iurisdiqciaSi Semaval teritoriad, radganac aq iyvnen berZnulenovani
saepiskoposoebi fasisisa, rodopolisisa, petron-cixisZirisa da sxv. IX-X
saukuneebSi qarTveli qristianebiT dasaxlebuli es teritoria daubrunda
qarTul dedaeklesias.
VI msoflio krebas daudasturebia qarTuli eklesiis ufleba mironis
kurTxevisa: `odesca enebos Semzadeba da kurTxeva mironisa, akurTxos Tvissa
eklesiasa~53.
7. 691 wlis e.w. `trulis~ msoflio saeklesio krebis xelis momweri episkoposebi
dasavleT saqarTvelodan
konstantinopolis V (553 w.) da VI (681 w.) msoflio krebebs saeklesio
kanonebi ar gamoutaniaT. es xarvezebi 102 kanoniT Seavso konstantinopolis
691 wlis e.w. trulis krebam. am kanonis xelismomwerTa Sorisaa dasavleT
saqarTvelos ori ierarqi foTis, anu `fasos~ episkoposi Teodore da
cixisZiris, anu `petronis~ episkoposi ioane. trulis krebis aqti asea Sesuli
cnobil did qarTul sjuliskanonSi: `kanonni konstantinopolis gumbadsa
Sina sameufosa palatisasa SekrebulTa wmidaTa mamaTani iustinianes ze
keTilad msaxurisa da qristes moyuarisa mefisa Cuenisa~54. am 102 kanons xels
awers 226 episkoposi msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxidan. rigis mixedviT xels
aweren romis papi, konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis, ierusalimis
patriarqebi (episkoposebi), rigSi 35-e aris xelismowera foTis episkoposisa
aseTi saxiT: `Teodore uRirsman episkoposman fasosaman sofelsa Sina
megrelTasa ganvsazRvren da warvweren~, xolo 220-e aris xelis mowera
cixisZireli episkoposisa aseTi saxiT: `ioane uRirsman episkoposman qalaqisa
petronisaman queyanisagan megrelTasa ganvsazRvre da warvwere~55.
rogorc vxedavT, trulis, anu `gumbadis~ msoflio krebas, romelmac
Seavso V da VI msoflio krebis kanonSemoqmedebiTi mxare, ar eswrebodnen im
droisaTvis cnobili da amierkavkasiis masStabiT udidesi saqarTvelos
(mcxeTis), somxeTisa da albaneTis eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, xolo foTisa
da cixisZiris episkoposebi krebas xels awerdnen ara rogorc saqarTvelos
eklesiis warmomadgenlebi, aramed rogorc konstantinopolis sapatriarqos
lazikis eparqiis warmomadgenlebi. ratom ar monawileobdnen saqarTvelos,
somxeTisa da sxva cnobil eklesiaTa warmomadgenlebi e.w. trulis saeklesio
krebaze? amis pasuxs iZleva arqiepiskoposi lolii iurievski: `1. msoflio
ekumenuri (da ara `kaTolike~ - sayovelTao) kreba imperatorisa da
saxelmwifos krebaa, mas ama Tu im olqis mitropoliti ki ar iwvevs, aramed
imperatori (Tundac mounaTlavi, rogoric iyo, magaliTad, konstantine didi,
romelmac saTave daudo msoflio krebebs); 2. krebas eswrebian ara TavianT
samitropolitoebSi arCeuli episkoposebi, aramed imperatoris xelisuflebis
Sexedulebisamebr daniSnulni da gamoZaxebulni, ris gamoc 3. yvela
adgilobrivi eklesiis episkoposebis daswreba ar iyo savaldebulo (me-3
msoflio krebaze ar iyo karTagenis 500-ze meti episkoposidan arc erTi)~56.
arqiepiskopos loliis ganmartebaze dayrdnobiTYSegviZlia ganvacxadoT,
rom trulis saeklesio kreba iyo kreba bizantiis imperiisa, rom-berZnuli
saxelmwifosi.
amitom
mas
eswrebodnen
mxolod
am
saxelmwifos
SemadgenlobaSi arsebuli eparqiebis episkoposebi imperatoris gamoZaxebis
Sesabamisad.
saqarTvelos saxelmwifo im droisaTvis bizantiisagan damoukideblad
arsebobda, amitomac saqarTvelos eklesiis episkoposebis gamoZaxeba ar
SeeZlo bizantiis imperators da arc amis saWiroeba daunaxavs. xolo, rac
Seexeba dasavleT saqarTvelos foTisa da cixisZiris episkoposebs, maTi
gamoZaxeba SeeZlo imperators, radganac VII s-is miwurulisaTvis, rodesac
kreba Catarda, dasavleT saqarTvelos zRvispira teritoria vidre e.w.
am
droisaTvis
dasavleT
saqarTvelos
zRvispira
`berZnuli~
saepiskoposoebi sinamdvileSi ukve warmoadgendnen adgilobrivi qarTuli
mosaxleobis saepiskoposoebs, `berZnuli~ isini iyvnen imdenad, ramdenadac maT
samwysoSi Semaval eklesiebSi wirva-locva berZnuli iyo da ierarqiulad ara
mcxeTas, aramed konstantinopols eqvemdebarebodnen. magram bizantiis imperiis
arabTa
mier
SesustebisTanave,
gansakuTrebiT
ki
mas
Semdeg,
rac
konstantinopolSi VII-VIII saukuneebSi gamwvavda xatmebrZoluri eresi,
dasavleT saqarTvelos qarTvelma qristianebma uaryves konstantinopolis
iurisdiqcia da TandaTan daubrundnen qarTul dedaeklesias. dasavleT
saqarTvelos
eklesiebSi
aRsdga
qarTulenovani
wirva-locva,
VIII-IX
saukuneebSi es procesi TiTqmis dasrulda.
trulis, anu `gumbadis~ saeklesio krebis xelis momweri episkoposebi
sinamdvileSi warmoadgendnen qarTuli samwysos, e. i. eparqiis mcxovrebTa
umravlesobis warmomadgenlebs.
cnobili istorikosis Tedo Jordanias Tanaxmad, zemoaRniSnul (trulis)
krebis (mas mexuTe msoflio krebad Tvlis T. Jordania) kanonebs xeli moawera
oTxma qarTvelma episkoposma: `mexuTe krebis kanonebi xelmowerilia qarTvel
episkoposTagan: 1. `Teodore uRirsman episkopozman fasosaman, sofelsa
megrelTasa ganvsazRvren da wavweren~, 2. georgi episkopozman kamaxisa
(kalmaxisa?) didisa somxeTisa soflebisagan... 3. foti episkoposman qalaqisa
sevastopolelTaisagan...
4.
iovane
uRirsman
episkopozman,
qalaqisa
petronisagan, queyanisagan megrelTaisa ganvsazRvre da wavwere (petroni aris
awindeli cixis Ziri)58.
sevastopolisi marTlac erqva cxums, magram es saxeli sxva mraval
zRvispira qalaqsac erqva. e.w. `didi somxeTis~ erTi nawili aRniSnul dros
bizantiis imperiaSi Sedioda da am geografiuli saxelis miuxedavad, iq
mravali qarTuli sofeli arsebobda. `kamax~ - kamaxel episkoposs amitom
miiCnevda Tedo Jordania qarTvelad.
rogorc aRniSnuli iyo, trulis krebamde aTi-TerTmeti wliT adre, 681
wels, konstantinopolSi Semdgarma VI msoflio krebam ganixila qarTuli
eklesiis sakiTxi (Tanaxmad zogierTi istoriuli cnobisa). manve gansazRvra
saqarTvelos sapatriarqos iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom
SesaZloa VI msoflio kreba marTlac Seexo qarTuli eklesiis problemebs,
radganac am krebam ganixila monoTelitobis sakiTxi, xolo monoTelitobis
erT-erTi eresiarqi iyo fasiseli mitropoliti kirosi, romelic herakle
keisarma
foTidan
gadaiyvana
ufro
mZlavr
kaTedraze
da
aamaRla
aleqsandriis patriarqis taxtze. zaza aleqsiZis varaudiT, kirosi iyo igive
kirioni, gaZevebuli VII s-is dasawyisSi mcxeTis sakaTalikoso taxtidan
monofizitebis mier. epistoleTa wignSi marTlac TiTqosda Cans kidec
kirionis monoTelituri Sexedulebani. mag. curtaveli qarTveli aznaurebi
weren somexTa patriarqs - `Cven es sarwmunoebac gvaqvs da Tqvenic~ e.i.
monofizitobasa da diofizitobas ar ganvasxvavebT, vaerTianebTo. kirosis
sakiTxs SeiZleba wamoewia qarTuli eklesiis sakiTxic.
maSasadame, unda davaskvnaT, rom 691 wlis trulis saeklesio krebas
namdvilad eswrebodnen qarTveli episkoposebi Savi zRvispira qalaqebisa,
magram,
radganac
es
regioni
imJamad
Sedioda
bizantiis
imperiis
kanonikurad
konstantinopolis
80
ierusalimeli...~ .
marTalia, am krebas ar gamoucia dokumenti, Tu rogor unda
ganawilebuliyo Semdegi adgilebi, radganac kreba exeboda ara diptixis,
aramed sarwmunoebis sakiTxs, magram, saerTod, eklesiaTa (kaTedraTa)
adgilebis ganawilebas Zalze didi yuradReba rom eqceoda, zemoT moyvanili
dadgenilebiTac Cans.
qarTuli, anu iberiis eklesiis warmomadgenels am warmomadgenlobiT
krebaze eWira VI adgili. 1438 wlis 5 Tebervals feraraSi gaxsnil da
florenciaSi gagrZelebul `msoflio~ saeklesio krebas, sadac erTmaneTs
Sexvdnen aRmosavleTisa da dasavleTis warmomadgenlebi da romlis aqtebsac
aRmosavleTis sapatriarqoebma xeli moaweres, `Tanabari uflebiT eswreboda
iberiis mitropoliti~81.
`iberiis mitropoliti ijda marTlmadidebelTa mxares mexuTe adgilze
konstantinopolis, aleqsandriis, antioqiis da ierusalimis warmomadgenlebis
Semdeg. `pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis savarZeli. patriarqis
Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebulni iyvnen... ierusalimis patriarqis msoflio
warmomadgeneli menziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis mefis warmomadgeneli
iberiis mitropoliti~82.
krebis monawileni isxdnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: centridan Tanabar
manZilze idga ori taxti romis imperatorisa da berZenTa imperatorisa.
sasuliero pirebi ganlagebulni iyvnen Semdegi rigis mixedviT: erT mxares
isxdnen laTinTa warmomadgenlebi, meore mxares isxdnen marTlmadidebelTa
warmomadgenlebi. CvenTvis saintereso marTlmadidebelTa rigi iyo Semdegi
saxisa: marTlmadidebelTa rigSi pirvelad idga 1. konstantinopolis
patriarqis savarZeli (patriarqi am sxdomas ar eswreboda); 2. aleqsandriis
patriarqis warmomadgeneli arqiepiskoposi; 3. antioqiis patriarqis
warmomadgeneli arqiepiskoposi; 4. ierusalimis patriarqis warmomadgeneli
arqiepiskoposi; 5. iberiis patriarqis (dokumentSia `mefis~) warmomadgeneli
mitropoliti. amis Semdeg diptixis mixedviT isxdnen sxva marTlmadidebeli
episkoposebi.
`nawyveti florenciis saeklesio krebis oqmidan ... sasuliero pirebis
ganlagebis Sesaxeb ... pirveli kardinalis pirdapir idga patriarqis
savarZeli (patriarqi SeuZlod yofnis gamo im dRes krebas ver eswreboda) ...
patriarqis Semdeg oTx skamze ganlagebuli iyvnen herakliis arqiepiskoposi,
romelsac aleqsandriis patriarqis kanonieri mandati hqonda da misi adgili
ekava; antioqiis
patriarqis mier gamogzavnili efesos arqiepiskoposi;
ierusalimis patriarqis warmogzavnili menziis arqiepiskoposi da iberiis
mefis warmomadgeneli iberiis mitropoliti; amaT Semdeg isxdnen
trapezuntis, rizes, nikeis ... arqiepiskoposebi ... mitropolitebi ... berebi,
TavianTi wesis mixedviT~83.
florenciis krebaze ara marto eklesiaTa warmomadgeneli sasuliero
pirebi isxdnen `wesis~, anu diptixis mixedviT, aramed saero pirebic aseve
`wesis~ mixedviT isxdnen.
daskvna
naSromSi Seswavlilia msoflio saeklesio da saerTaSoriso mniSvnelobis
krebebi qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT. Seicavs 9 paragrafs. pirvelSi
ganxilulia 325 wels nikeaSi Semdgari I msoflio saeklesio kreba, romelSic
ori qarTveli episkoposi monawileobda biWvinTeli stratofile da
trapizunteli domnusi. meore msoflio saeklesio krebis (381 w.) kanonebs
episkoposma pantofile iberielma moawera xeli, mesame msoflio saelesio
krebis (431 w.) suliskveTebis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi monawileobda qarTveli e.w.
qarTlis `sparsuli nawilis~ episkoposi ieremia. meoTxe msoflio saeklesio
krebas eswrebodnen sebastopolis episkoposi da trapezunteli episkoposi
atarve. calke paragrafi eZRvneba cnobis ganxilvas V msoflio (553 w.) krebis
muSaobaSi monawileobdnen Tu ara petras episkoposi ioane da agreTve
faziseli
da
sebastopoleli
episkoposebi.
paragrafi
gamowvlilviT
aanalizebs
wyaroTa
cnobebs,
sadac
gamokvleulia,
rom
dasavleT
. 9 .
I , 325 ,
.
(381 .) .
(431 .) .. . IV
.
V
(553 .) . ,
,
,
. .. , () ,
.
620-630 ..
( )
, ,
. , VI (681 .)
, ,
, , .
.
. , ..
, . ..
(691 .) ()
(). . VII
(787) () .
- (1438 .). ,
, , ,
,
. ,
,
.
, I-
.
Metropolitan Anania Japaridze
GEORGIAN BISHOPS ON ECUMENICAL COUNCILS
Basic Conclusion
The work considers the Ecumenical Councils and the other ones having an international
importance, in which Bishops from Georgia were participated. The work consists of 9 chapters.
The first chapter describes the I Ecumenical Council held in Nikea in 325 a.d., in which two
Georgian bishops Stratophyl from Pitsunda and Domnus from Trapezund were participated. The
canons of II Ecumenical Council (381 a.d.) were signed by the Iberian bishop Pantophiler. In formation
of a sprint of III Ecumenical Council (431 a.d.) the bishop Ieremia of a so called Persian part of
Kartli took part. Bishop of Sebastopol and Bishop of Atarve were the participants of IV Ecumenical
Council.
A separate chapter of the Work is devoted to consideration of an issue related to participation of
the bishop Ioane from petra in the V Ecumenical Council and the bishops from Phazisi and Sebastopol.
The Chapter provides a detal analysis of historical chronicles and sources, from which it becomes clear
that the lazi Bishops from Western Georgia were subordinated to the jurisdiction of the Catholikos
from Mtskheta, mentioned by Prokophi from Kessaria. In tat times the so called settlements of
Western Georgia, excluding some forts (towns) of Rome-Greece origin located at the seashore of the
Black Sea were also under the jurisdiction of the Catholicos of Kartli. Beginning from 620-30 a.d. as a
result of military campaign of Byzantian Emperor Heraclus to Persia, when the emperor has
subordinated to his jurisdiction a part of the territory of Kartli (from Klarjeti to the river of Kelasuri),
the Patriarchy of Konstantinopolis has finally covered under its jurisdiction these lands of Wstern
Georgia.
According to Georgian sources, VI Economical (681 a.d.) confirmed many rights of Georgian
Church, including the right to name itself as the Church of the patriarch and the right of Catholicos of
Kartli to be equal with Patriarch and acknowledge the holly spirit of Georgian Church of Mtskheta
equally with the catholic Churches. VI Ecumenical Council has also determined the boundaries of
jurisdiction of Georgian Church. A separated chapter is devoted to the study of this matter. It has been
proved that while the Catholicoses of Armenia and Albania had a title of Patriarch, the same title,
obviously, was granted to Georgian Patriarch, as well. The Georgian Nomokanon says the Church
Canons of so called Trule Council (691 a.d.) were signed by the bishop Teodor from Poti (Phazisi)
and Bishop Ioane from Tsikhisdziari.
This matter is provided in a separate of the Work.
A separate chapter is devoted also to VII Ecumenical Council (787 a.d.) the resolution of which
was signed by bishop Christopore of Phazisi and Trapezund.
A separate chapter describes a participation of Georgian Bishops in Ferrera-Phlorenzia Council
(1481 a.d.). The latter was not called a Ecumenical Council. It was a one in which the bishops from
Konstantinopolis, Antiokia, Jerusalem and other orthodox churches, including the Russian Church,
were taking part. Resolution of this Council was not signed by Georgian delegation at all. According to
Georgian Chronicles, the Council was attended by the Bishop Daniel from Akhtala, who represented
Kartli and the Bishop Iaacob from Shemokmedi, Abkhazeti.
The researches and studies performed within the frames of the present Work illustrates clearly that
beginning from I Ecumenical Council the Georgian Church had established close contacts with the
international ecclesiastical society through its representatives, participating in elaboration and
formation of the international Church Canons.
Sinaarsi
saqarTvelos eklesiis mimdinare krebebi
Sesavali
5
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis periodizacia
da saeklesio istoriografia
7
saeklesio samarTlis werilobiTi wyaroebi
32
1. episkoposTa Sekrebani wmida mefeTa mirianisa
da vaxtang gorgaslis dros (IV-V ss)
2. dvinis saeklesio kreba (506)
40
3. mcxeTis krebebi (VII s.)
52
4. antioqiis I saeklesio kreba (VIII s. 50-iani wlebi)
5. anCis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 40-iani wlebi)
6. javaxeTis saeklesio kreba (IX s. 60-iani wlebi) 86
7. Rrtilas saeklesio kreba (1046)
8. antioqiis II saeklesio kreba (1056-1057)
106
9. quTaisis saeklesio kreba (1058)
[sigeli bagrat mefisa opizar da mijnaZorel
34
54
75
98
130
mamebisadmi, teqsti]
10. Tbilisis I saeklesio kreba (1178 w.)
138
[sigeli giorgi mefisa saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi,
teqsti]
11. Tbilisis II saeklesio kreba (1185 w.)
145
12. saeklesio Sekrebani daviT aRmaSeneblisa
da Tamaris karze
159
13. anisis Sekreba (1218)
164
[dawerili etifane kaTalikozisa anel
xucesTa sargos ganwesebis Sesaxeb, teqsti]
14. SiomRvimis saeklesio kreba (XIII s. 40-iani wlebi) 169
[ganCineba saeklesio krebisa SiomRvimis
Seuvalobis Sesaxeb, teqsti]
15. mcxeTis saeklesio kreba (1263)
173
[moxseneba saqarTvelos saeklesio krebisa
mefisadmi, teqsti]
16. Sekreba safaraSi (1453)
186
17. samTavros saeklesio Sekreba (1459)
190
18. svaneTis saeklesio krebebi (XIII-XVIII)
192
19. saeklesio Sekrebani vaxtang VI-is, Teimurazisa
da erekles karze
196
20. mcxeTa-Tbilisis (1755-1756) kreba
203
21. Tbilisis IV saeklesio kreba (1764)
231
[krebis ganCineba, teqsti]
daskvna
239
( )
254
CURRENT CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA
255
msoflio saeklesio krebebi
qarTvel episkoposTa monawileobiT
Sesavali
256
1. saqarTvelos ori episkoposi I msoflio krebaze
257
2. qarTuli eklesiis warmomadgeneli II msoflio
krebaze
260
3. qarTveli episkoposi III msoflio krebis
muSaobaSi
262
4. saqarTvelos episkoposebi IV msoflio krebaze 263
5. cnoba V krebis muSaobaSi saqarTvelos
episkoposis monawileobis Sesaxeb
265
6. VI msoflio krebis mier saqarTvelos
eklesiis uflebaTa aRiareba
273
7. 691 wlis `trulis~ msoflio saeklesio krebis xelismomweri episkoposebi
dasavleT
saqarTvelodan
277
8. saqarTvelos episkoposi VII msoflio krebaze 281
9 ferara-florenciis kreba
290
daskvna
295
-
GEORGIAN BISHOPS ON ECUMENICAL COUNCILS
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis II tomis dasasruli
297
299
saqarTvelos
saeklesio
krebebi
III
mimdinare krebebi
(XIX-XX saukuneebi)
naSromSi ganxilulia me-19 da me-20 saukuneebSi Semdgari 50-ze meti saeklesio
kreba. maTi mniSvnelovani nawili, gansakuTrebiT XX s. dasawyisSi, saerTo-saxalxo
yrilobas
warmoadgenda
saqarTvelos
saxelmwifoebriobis
(avtonomiis),
damoukideblobisa da saeklesio avtokefaliis aRdgenisaken mimarTuls.
krebaTa analizs Tan erTvis maT mier gamocemuli samarTlis Zeglebi.
redaqtori:
lia SarvaSiZe
recenzentebi:
giuli alasania
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
sergo vardosaniZe
Sesavali
XIX saukuneSi ruseTis imperiis mier dapyrobil saqarTvelos miwa-wyalze
guberniebi da samxedro okrugebi Camoayalibes. rusul wreebSi sityva
`saqarTvelos~ xsenebac ki cud tonad iTvleboda, xolo qarTveloba
uimedobam moicva. aseT dros qarTvelma sasuliero wodebam SeinarCuna
mxneoba, suli mamuliSvilobisa da odindel damoukideblobas ara mxolod
axsenebda Tavis ers, aramed xelmZRvanelobda kidec uTanasworo brZolaSi
okupantebis
winaaRmdeg,
erTi
aseTi
magaliTia
saxalxo
ajanyeba
mitropolitebis
dosiTeos
quTaTelisa
da
eqvTime
genaTelis
xelmZRvanelobiT 1819-1820 wlebSi eklesiis avtokefaliis dasacavad da
qveynis gasaTavisufleblad.
eklesia
da
qarTveli
mRvdelmTavrebi
patronobdnen
saxelmwifo
dawesebulebebidan
da
saswavleblebidan
gamoZevebul
qarTul
enas,
gansakuTrebiT ki mas Semdeg, rac rusuli xelisufleba qarTuli enis
gamoZevebas Seecada regionebis eklesiebidan, qarTveli eris daSladanawevrebis
da
kuTxurobis
gaRrmavebis,
qarTuli
eTno-jgufebis
erTmaneTTagan gaucxovebis mizniT. am dros Semdgari krebebi ixilavdnen am
da sxva erovnuli TavisTavadobis SenarCunebisaken mimarTul sxva sakiTxebs.
XX s. dasawyisSi saeklesio krebebi warmoadgendnen namdvil saxalxo
yrilobebs sazogadoebis yvela fenis monawileobiT wmida marTlmadidebeli
sarwmunoebis asaRorZineblad saWiro eklesiuri avtokefaliis mosapoveblad.
am krebebze daisva sakiTxebi jer ruseTis imperiaSi saqarTvelos
gaerTianebis, Semdeg ki misi avtonomiisa da damoukideblobis aRsadgenad.
1917 wels avtokefaliis aRdgenisTanave kaTalikos-patriarqma leonidem
wamoayena idea - `Tavisufal eklesias gverdiT amovuyenoT Tavisufali
saqarTvelo~,
marTlac
1918
wels
qarTvelma
erma
SeZlo
Tavisi
damoukideblobis aRdgena.
1921 w. xelmeore okupaciis Semdeg, rac saqarTvelos mTavrobam da
umaRlesma qarTulma zedafenam miatova qveyana da Tavi evropas Seafara,
kaTolikos-patriarqma ambrosi xelaiam, viTarca qarTveli eris sulierma
mamam mTel msoflios Seatyobina genuis konferenciis meSveobiT qarTveli
eris ubedurebis Sesaxeb wiTeli ruseTis imperiaSi. amis Semdgom eklesiam
didi devna ganicada da mravali saeklesio kreba ixilavda Sesabamis
sakiTxebs.
mas Semdeg, rac 1943 w. ruseTis sapatriarqom aRiara saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefalia, sapatriarqo Rirseba da VI adgili marTlmadideblur diptixSi,
1990 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia da sapatriarqo Rirseba
konstantinopolis sapatriarqomac aRiara. niSandoblivad miiCneva, rom
konstantinopolis mier avtokefaliis aRiareba win uswrebda 1991 wels
saqarTvelos damoukideblobis gamocxadebas.
naSromSi ganxilulia 50-ze meti saeklesio kreba, Semdgarni XIX-XX ss-Si,
romelTa erTad Sekreba da erT monogradiad gamocema pirvelad xdeba
qarTul istriografiaSi.
Semovel, jer amis metaT Cem Tvalsa ara amebia ra, sxva adgilni, romelmac
momca mxiaruleba gulisa~33.
quTaTelis sasaxle gadahyurebda `vake imereTs~. es saeklesio centri
dosiTeozs mtrisagan daqceul quTaisSi augia imereTSi erT-erT yvelaze
lamaz adgilas. TviTon imereTis silamazis Sesafaseblad ki SeiZleba
moviyvanoT mefe solomon UII-is sityvebi, roca mas daupires ruseTSi
gadasaxleba da peterburgis sasaxleebSi dabinaveba, mefes ganucxadebia:
`imereTi RvTiuri samoTxea da erTaderTi sasaxle misi mefisaTvis. amitom
Tqveni peterburgis darbazebi me ver momxiblavs~34. solomon II-is mefobis
dawyebamde, roca imereTis saxelmwifoebrioba da saeklesio cxovreba
aRorZinda, mTelma imereTis sazogadoebam gadawyvita uari eTqva sakuTar
saxelmwifoze da gaerTianebuliyvnen erT samefod qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan
erTad, erTerTi sulisCamdgmelni am ideisa iyvnen mitropolitebi. am dros
momavali solomon II iyo aTi wlisa (jer taxtze asuli ar iyo). `imereTis
warCinebulni Seikribnen da gamogzavnes despani erekle mefesTan martSi (1789
w.): dosiTeos quTaTeli, eqvTime genaTeli, sardali qaixosro wereTeli... da
sxvebi. amaT sTxoves erekles imereTis SemoerTeba qarTl-kaxeTis samefosTan.
bevri bWobis Semdeg, darejan dedoflis gaiqesobiT CaiSala es brwyinvale
saqme~35.
platon ioseliani wers, rom kaTalikosi anton II, mRvdelmTavrebi,
Tavadebi, sardalni, saxlTuxucesni, mdivanbegni qarTl-kaxeTisa, imerel
diplomatebTan erTad iTxovdnen gaerTianebas. dedofali winaaRmdegi iyo.
`quTaTeli da genaTeli, abaSiZe da sxvani despanni mouTxrobdes dedofals
imereTis mdgomareobasa da sruliad daRupvasa, ukueTu ar moxdeba erToba
qarTvelTa Tana~36. am elCobas Sedegad mohyva 1790 wels erTobis traqtatis
dadeba `zemo iveriis~ (anu qarTl-kaxeTis samefosa) da `qvemo iveriis~ (e.i.
imereTis,
samegrelosa
da
guriis
samefo-samTavros)
saxelmwifoebriv
erTeulTa Soris. imereTis taxtze ki avida solomon II.
yovelive zemoT CamoTvlilisa da sxvaTa gamo, cxadia, rusulma
xelisuflebam kargad icoda dosiTeoz quTaTelisa da eqvTime genaTelis
vinaoba da mniSvneloba saqarTvelosaTvis. wmida aRmsarebeli kaTalikospatriarqi
ambrosi
xelaia
siamayiT
acxadebda
rusul-bolSevikuri
sasamarTlos
winaSe:
`gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia
rusebis
dasavleT
saqarTveloSi damkvidrebis xana XIX s.
dasawyisSi. am dros eklesiis da
xalxis damcvelebad gamodian quTaTeli da genaTeli da xalxis ajanyebas
saTaveSi udgebian. orive gaagzavnes ruseTisaken, magram mxolod genaTelma
eqvTimem CaaRwia novRorodSi, sadac is unda daebinavebinaT. imperatorma
aleqsandre pirvelma moisurva misi naxva, Caiyvanes peterburgSi. imperatorma
didi zeimiT da pativiT miiRo, magram amisaTvis eqvTime genaTeli ar moerida
emxilebina imperatori saqarTvelos eklesiisa da eris Tavisuflebis
warTmevisaTvis, samSoblos damcvelebis wamebisaTvis. mas uwoda axali
neroni~37.
`imereTSi
saeklesio
ajanyebad~
cnobili
movlena
sinamdvileSi
warmoadgenda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis dasacavad mimarTul
saxalxo protests38.
aznauriSvilebi)
dabali
fenisagan
`margalebisagan~ Tavis Tavs mijnavdnen sxvadasxva saSualebebiT, salaparako
eniTac ki zinosquebis saojaxo, sasaubro ena, ise rogorc samegrelos
sasuliero wodebis ena, iyo daxvewili (e.i. saliteraturo) qarTuli ena,
xolo glexebis ena miaCndaT am saliteraturo qarTuli enis dauxvewav
socialur sametyvelo formad. amitomac ruseTamdel samegreloSi glexebis
`margalebis~ ena arasodes ar miuCneviaT mTeli samegrelos sasaubro anda
saliteraturo enad. aq, rogorc iTqva da rogorc miuTiTebs umdidresi
epigrafikuli masala, sxva mraval dokumentebTan erTad saxalxo, saqveyno
enas qarTuli ena warmoadgenda, Tumca ki administraciulad, rogorc
gogebaSvilic aRniSnavs, samegrelo xSirad TavisTavadobiT sargeblobda,
msgavsad saqarTvelos sxva feodaluri samTavroebisa.
ruseTis gabatonebis Semdeg samegrelos Tavad-aznauroba Camoacales
saqveyno (samegrelos) mmarTvelobas. amitomac, sasuliero wodeba iqca
samegreloSi saerTo-saxalxo, anu qarTuli enis mtvirTvelad, eklesiebSi
Zveleburadve qarTul enaze iyo gaCaRebuli wirva-locva, am mizezTa gamo
rusulma xelisuflebam gadawyvita rogorme samegrelos eklesiebidan
gaeZevebina
qarTuli.
ruseTis
saxalxo
ganaTlebis
saministrosadmi
daqvemdebarebulma kavkasiis saswavlo olqis mzrunvelma ianovskim gadawyvita
sruli gamodevna samegrelosa da svaneTis skolebidan qarTuli enis, anbanisa
da mwignobrobisa. dasavleT saqarTvelos Tavad-aznauroba daadga qarTuli
enis dacvis gzas da airCia winamZRolad (1885-86) dimitri yifiani. man wamoiwyo
brZola ianovskis winaaRmdeg. es gamwvavebuli brZola Sewyda peterburgis
Carevis Semdeg. imperatoris saxeliT yifians SeniSvna gamoucxades. s.kakabaZe
wers `am dros sakmaod blomad iyvnen Tbilisis seminariidan ara keTilsaimedo mizeziT daTxovnili qarTveli axalgazrdani. maT Soris iyvnen
narodnikuli ideebiT ganmsWvalulni pirnic. maTSi gaCnda azri moeklaT
mzrunveli ianovski, egzarqosi pavle anda Tbilisis seminariis reqtori dekanozi Cudecki. pirveli oris mokvla ar moeswro an ar moxerxda. rodesac
imave wris monawilem axalgazrda ioseb laRiaSvilma xanjliT mokla
seminariis reqtori Cudecki (1886 wlis maisSi). mokluli Cudeckis gasvenebaze
Tbilisis sionis taZarSi egzarqosma pavlem mTavarmarTeblis da maRal
mdgomareobis pirTa TandaswrebiT Tqva sityva, romelSic wyevliT moixsenia
is wre-garemo, saidanac Cndeba laRiaSvilisTana adamianebio. sityva, maSin
arsebul daZabul mdgomareobis gamo, gagebul iqna rogorc qarTveli xalxis
mimarT warmoTqmuli wyevla. qarTveloba TbilisSi da yvelgan moicva miTqmamoTqmam. dimitri yifianma moswera wyromiT savse werili eqzarqos pavles da
moTxova mas, rogorc qarTveli xalxis damawyevars, saqarTvelodan wasvla~50.
xelisuflebis mier yifianis azri CaiTvala ciliswamebad. igi imperator
aleqsandre III-is gankargulebiT gadayenebuli iqna quTaisis guberniis
TavadaznaurTa
winamZRolis
Tanamdebobidan
da
gadasaxlebul
iqna
stavropolSi (1886 w. oqtomberi), sadac mZarcvelebma mokles erTi wlis
(e.i.
osebma
qarTlSi)
miaRwies
imas,
rom
`SeinarCunes
pirovnuli
damoukidebloba
TavianTi
memamuleebisagan~
(iqve,
gv.
236)
rusuli
kanonmdeblobis daxmarebiT. qarTlSi mcxovrebi qarTveli yma-glexoba mZime
uRelSi iyo Sebmuli, romlisaganac Tavis daRweva SeuZlebeli iyo, Tu ara
Tavisi Tavis `osad~ anu xiznad gamocxadebiT (am gamocxadebisaTvis saTanado
wesebi da pirobebi arsebobda). amis gamo qarTveli glexebi qarTlSi TavianT
Tavs masobrivad acxadebdnen osebad. xiznebis ricxvi Tbilisis guberniaSi
Zlier gamravlda `gansakuTrebiT es exeboda goris mazras, romelsac
xiznebad moawydnen osebi~62. 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciis Semdeg `xiznebs
daumtkicdaT maT xelSi myofi miwebi yovelgvari kompensaciis gadaxdis
gareSe, radganac, kerZod qarTlSi, xiznebis did umetesobas osebi Seadgenen,
amiT momzadda niadagi istoriuli qarTlis teritoriaze 1921 wlidan
samxreT-oseTis avtonomiis olqis daarsebisaTvis62.
msgavsi viTareba iyo saingiloSic (yofil aRmosavleT kaxeTSi). aq,
rogorc cnobilia, rusTa mflobelobis dawyebisas cxovrobdnen qarTveli
mahmadianebi, agreTve Camosaxlebuli lekebi da TaTrebi. rusTa batonobis
dros ara Tu ganmtkicda qarTvel mahmadianTa qarTuli erovnuli
TviTSemecneba, aramed piriqiT s.kakabaZis sityviT `qarTveli mahmadiani
mosaxleoba rusTa batonobis dros kargavda Tavis mSobliur enas~63.
`ingiloTa erTi nawili 1849 wlidan ubrundeboda isev qristianobas. amas
mohyva ruseTis samisionero moRvaweobis gaCaReba, ramac am mxareSi darCenili
qarTvel mahmadianTa mosaxleoba mTlad daafrTxo. gaqristianebis SiSiT
mahmadiani ingiloni exla TviT cdilobdnen qarTuli enis daviwyebas da
gadadiodnen lekursa da TaTrul enebze~63. lekur enaze gadasuli ingiloebi
galekdnen, TaTrul enaze gadasulni gaTaTrdnen. saboloo jamSi erT
dros aRmosavleT saqarTvelos udidesi qristianuli centri, romelsac
Semdeg saingilo ewoda gamahmadianda, mosaxleobam zurgi Seaqcia
qristianobas. Cvens mier gansaxilvel dros, meoce saukunis dasawyisSi
Semdgar krebaTa dros swored es momenti gauxsena rusulma eklesiam qarTul
eklesias, rom am ukanasknelma Rirseuli yuradReba ver miapyro aRmosavleT
kaxeTs (saingilos), romlis mosaxleobac daekarga saqristianos. kerZod, 1906
wlis ianvris bolos peterburgSi gamarTul wmida sinodis mier qarTul
saeklesio saqmeebTan dakavSirebiT gamarTul saTaTbiro krebaze qarTvelTa
gancxadebas, rom saqarTveloSi qristianobis avtoritetis Seryeva rusuli
wmida sinodis saqmianobam gamoiwvia, rusma mitropolitma vladimerma ase
upasuxa:
`sinodi
sad
iyo,
rodesac
zaqaTlis
olqis
qarTveloba
64
gamahmadianda?~ .
mitropolits
qarTvelma
episkoposebma
kirionma
da
leonidem jerovnad upasuxes, Tumca samwuxarod, isic unda iTqvas, rom XVIII
s-Si (rodesac mahmadianTa mier dapyrobil aRmosavleT kaxeTSi mosaxleobis
gamahmadianeba xdeboda) arc erT saeklesio krebas, rogorc moRweuli
masalidan Cans, ar miuRia arc erTi gadawyvetileba, ar ganucxadebia
protestic ki am Semzaravi momentis gamo. im dros, ara Tu saingiloSi,
saerTod
yvelgan
qveyanaSi
xdeboda
qarTvelebis
denacionalizacia,
ZiriTadad
rjulis
anu
qarTuli
qristianobis
(marTlmadideblobis)
ASecvlis gamo, imJamindeli (XVII-XVIII saukuneTa) krebebi ki mraval sakiTxze
msjelobdnen (maT Soris imazec ki, rom pirutyvis sityvieri Segineba ar
SeiZleboda) magram denacionalizacia, gadagvarebis sakiTxs gverds uvlidnen.
meore
krebas
vuwodebT
avtokefaluri
a) saeklesio skolebSi dReidan yvela sagani unda iswavlebodes qarTulad. rusuli ena darCes erTerT savaldebulo sagnad;
b) sasuliero-saswavlo
dawesebulebebi
gardaqmnili
iqnes
saero
saswavleblebis msgavsad, romlebSiac mSobliuri ena unda iswavlebodes
rusuli enis doneze, xolo saRvTo kanonebi, saqarTelos istoria da
geografia qarTul enaze;
g) ministrTa komitetSi gagzavnili peticiis aslebi gaegzavnos mefis nacvals
kavkasiaSi da saqarTvelos egzarqoss;
d) 31 maiss momxdar incidentTan dakavSirebiT yriloba Sewydes~86
`yrilobis delegatebi daubrundnen TavianT adgilebs. maTi interesebis
dasacavad Seiqmna droebiTi komisia samRvdeloebis warmomadgenlebisagan,
romelSic Sevidnen~ protoerebi: tyemalaZe, SoSiaSvili, xaxutaSvili,
TiTibaZe,
TalakvaZe;
mRvdlebi:
cicqiSvili,
gulisaSvili,
cincaZe,
gamrekeliZe, jaSi, CiqavaZe, oqropiriZe, kapanaZe, SublaZe, jaliaSvili,
SiukaSvili, jioevi, begiaSvili; diakonebi: sanaSvili, oqropiriZe da
bakuraZe~87.
mefis nacvalma kavkasiaSi i.i. voroncov-daSkovma am incidentTan
dakavSirebiT Seqmna sagamomZieblo komisia, romelSic Sevidnen: generalmaiori staxoviCi (Tavjdomare), Tbilisis Tavadaznaurobis winamZRoli
Tavadi a.a. jambakur-orbeliani, mRv. q. cicqiSvili da egzarqosis
warmomadgeneli kolegiis mrCeveli trelini. am ambebTan dakavSirebiT 27
blaRoCinma gaakeTa gancxadeba, rom isini uars amboben TavianTi movaleobis
Sesrulebaze, sanam ar daadgendnen da ar dasjidnen im pirebs, vinc moawyo
samRvdeloebis es awiokeba~87.
`ruseTis uwm. sinodma qarTveli samRvdeloebis yriloba arakanonierad
miiCnia, xolo misi monawileni ki damnaSaveebad, romlebic samarTalSi
micemas eqvemdebarebodnen. `yvela monawiles, romelmac xeli moawera
yrilobis
dadgenilebebs,
Seuwydes
xelfasebi,
ufleba
CamoerTvaT
saxelmwifos jildoze warsadgenad 10 wlis vadiT da samudamod moexsnaT
ufleba saxelmwifo xazinidan mieRoT saeparqioSi moRvaweobisaTvis
kuTvnili pensia. aseTi iyo is sasjeli, romelic qarTvelma samRvdeloebam
xelisuflebisagan TviTneburi gamosvlis gamo miiRo~88.
5. 1905 wlis 3 ivniss qarTl-kaxeTis samRvdeloebam gamarTa TaTbiri.
daadgines 15 kaci TbilisSi dalodeboda 31 maisis incidentis gamoZiebis
Sedegebs.
6. 31 maisis movlenebTan dakavSirebiT aRSfoTebuli samRvdeloeba awyobda
krebebs sxvadasxva kuTxeebSi, magaliTad 1905 w. 17 ivliss bodbisxevSi
gaimarTa siRnaRis mazris samRvdeloebis kreba, romelmac moiTxova
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena da saeklesio mamulebis
dabruneba89.
7. samegrelos I (1889 w.) da II (1905 w. 12.06) saeklesio Sekreba. mTeli XIX
saukunis manZilze, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gauqmebis dros,
adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba ar Catarebula, mizezi amisa iyo is, rom TviT
ruseTis udides eklesiaSi, patiarqobis institutis gauqmebis Semdeg ar
Catarebula
adgilobrivi
(ruseTis)
saekleso
kreba
saimperatoro
(saxelmwifo) nebiT. amitomac, cxadia, adgilobrivi saeklesio kreba arc
gansakuTrebiT iRvwodnen samegrelodan qarTuli enis gansadevnad, erTerT umniSvnelovanes amocanad miiCnies saeklesio RvTismsaxurebidan qarTuli
enis gandevna. Sesabamisad, samegrelos sasuliero wodeba mimarTavda
sapirispiro RonisZiebas.
pirveli kreba (yriloba) samegrelSi mowveuli iqna adgilobrivi
samRvdeloebisa da sazogadoebis TavganwirviT, 1889 wels. kreba Seexo
aTaswlovani qarTuli saeklesio enis dacvis saqmes ruseTis imperiisagan.
rogorc aRiniSna, iv. javaxiSvilis TqmiT, qarTuli saeklesio anu Zveli
qarTuli saliteraturi enis Seqmna-SemuSavebaSi, Tavis droze, anu IV-V
saukuneebSi, TviT megrelebs, svanebs da saqarTvelos sxva kuTxis mcxovrebT
miRebuli hqondaT monawileoba da qarTuli ena iyo kidec erovnuli ena
megrelTa da svanTaTvis, sxvadaxva kuTxis qarTvelobisaTvis, anu saerTo,
saxalxo, saliteraturo erovnuli ena iyo aTaswleulTa manZilze, romlis
mospobasac cdilobda ruseTis saeklesio xelisufleba. am problemis gamo
samegrelosa da saerTod saqarTvelos sazogadoeba wuxda mTeli XIX
saukunis bolo aTwleulebisa da XX saukinis dasawyisSi.
iqamde, 1885 wels, gamoica brZaneba samegrelos skolebSi qarTuli enis
akrZalvis Sesaxeb. amieridan aq rusuli enis swavleba megruli enis
saSualebiT unda momxdariyo. 1889 wels aSordiam rusuli alfabetis
safuZvelze Seqmna `megruli~ anbani. am gulistkiviliTYiyo mowveuli
samegrelos samRvdeloebis kreba 1889 wels, imis SiSiT, rom rusuli
xelisuflebis borotmoqmedebas fesvi ar gaedga, samRvdeloeba win aRudga
xelisufalTa agentebis yovel mcdelobas mama-papeuli saRvTismsaxuro enis
winaaRmdeg mimarTuls, magram imperiam meTodurad gaagrZela Tavisi saqme
qarTuli enis gamosadevnad eklesiebidan. 1892 wels peterburgeli `mecnieri~
vinme levicki megruli skolebisaTvis rusuli enis saxelmZRvanelos adgens
xel-axla gamogonili megruli anbanis safuZvelze, romelic arafriT ar
gansxvavdeboda rusulisagan da damuSavebuli iyo ruseTis mecnierebaTa
akademiis mier. aseTive iyo mTavrobis RonisZiebani svanebis mimarT.
`axali mTargmnelebi~ Seecadnen ise eTargmnaT saRvTo werili, rom arc
erTi qarTuli sityva ar exmaraT. ramdenadac es TiTqmis SeuZlebelia, maT
gamouvidaT sruliad uxeSi, uxamsi da imave dros sasacilo Targmani.
`iverias~ moaqvs am faqtiT `gulamRvreuli megrelis~ werilidan aseTi nimuSi:
`wmidao RmerTo, wmidao Zliero, wmidao ukvdavo~ ase uTargmniaT: `tatali
RoronTi, tatali SeZlebuami, tatali uRuruu, mumexvariT Cqi~. sityva
`tatali~, - wers, `iveria~, - bavSvuri sityvaa da sruliad emsgavseba qarTul
`zizias~, aqedan - `zizia~ RmerTi~101.
`iveria~ dascnis ra aseT mcdelobas, wers: `gana aSkara ar aris, rom
megrelni igive qarTvelni arian, qarTulad metyvelni?~ `aq amaze metic unda
vTqvaT. Tu gindaT namdvili sufTa, darbaisluri mwignobruli qarTuli
moisminoT, megreli Tavad-aznauris ojaxSi unda mibrZandeT. aq ucxo enis
gavlenas sruliad ver SeniSnavT da gesmiT namdvili qarTuli sityva-pasuxi~.
`yovelive zemoaRniSnuls megrelebis mxriv iseTi Seurigebeli protesti
mohyva Sedegad, rom egzarqosi iZulebuli gaxda specialuri komisia Seeqmna
am
sakiTxis
gasarCevad.
komisias
xelmZRvanelobda
guria-samegrelos
episkoposi grigoli. komisiam moawyo eparqiis samRvdeloebisa da mrevlis
gamokiTxva da mTeli samegrelos sazogadoebriv azrze dayrdnobiT miiRo
Tqven mwyemsavT. rogorc Tqven giyvarT rusi xalxi, rusuli ena da gsurT igi
hyvaodes, zustad aseve moeqeciT Cvens xalxs, Cvens qarTul enas, raTa
mzakvarma ver Camoacilos Cveni Svilebi marTlmadideblur eklesias. uflisa
Cvenisa ieso qristes saxeliT, romelmac Cven urTierTsiyvaruli gvianderZa,
me gTxovT Tqven ar dauSvaT, rom borotma sulma Tqvens yanaSi daTesos
RvarZli mtrobis Tesli da yovelnairad SeuwyoT xeli imas, rom Cven
mWidrod dakavSirebulni did rus xalxTan, erTiani guliT vadidebdeT
RmerTs~. egzarqosi SeaSfoTa xalxSi didi pativiscemiT Semosili moRvawe
beris ase sajarod gamosvlam. igi daafiqra da iqve daamSvida beri da
aRuTqva, es Woria da ar moxdebao. rogorc viciT, es rusifikatoruli
ganzraxva ver ganxorcielda~108.
rogorc TviT aleqsis nawerebidan Cans, qarTuli enis daxvewili,
siRrmiseuli
codna
bunebrivi
iyo
samegrelos
samRvdeloebisaTvis,
magaliTebi aTaswleulTa manZilze gvaqvs.
b. jorbenaZes Tanaxmad, qarTul enas ganviTarebis yvela safexurze
dialeqturi diferenciacia axasiaTebda. XI da XIII saukuneebis qarTveli
mwerlebi zedmiwevniT ganasxvavebdnen saliteraturo da dialeqtur formebs...
saliteraturo
enas
isini
uwodebdnen
`Rrma
sityvawignurs~,
xolo
dialeqtur formas - `soflurs~... saerTod im (da mogviano) periodisaTvis
dialeqturi metyveleba mdabio da damaxinjebul enad miiCneoda. aseT
dialeqtebad miiCneoda mesxeTSi, odiSSi, kaxeTSi da sxva kuTxeebSi mdabioTa
metyveleba109.
`Rirssacnobia samegrelos, WaneTis da sxvaneTis aRweris is monakveTebi,
sadac vaxuSti batoniSvili adgilobrivi mosaxleobis enas exeba. odiSi
(samegrelo): `eniT arian didni da warCinebulni qarTuliTa eniTa, aramed
aqusT Tvisica ena, garna wamxdari qarTuliTve, viTarca: RmerTi RoronTi,
Cemi Cqimi~. WaneTi: `sarwmunoebiTa aw srulad mohmadianni, garna mcire vinme
moipovebian qristianeni, aramed ician kualad qarTuli ena vieTTame~110.
msgvasi damokidebulebaa sxva kuTxur dialeqtTa mimarTac, magaliTad,
sulxan-sabas leqsikonis mixedviT - `svla glexuria, slva unda~, `ajare
iare mesxurad~111.
Tanamedrove gansazRvrebiT `nebismieri dialeqtis warmoqmnis safuZveli
istoriulia... dialeqti enis sivrculi nairsaxeobaa~112. `dialeqtis
warmoqmnas garkveuwilad xels uwyobs istoriul-politikuri faqtoric. enis
danawevrebas
dialeqtebad
nayofier
niadags
uqmnida
feodaluri
partikularizmi. es exeba rogorc eTnikur-teritoriul, aseve socialur da
profesiul dialeqtebs~113.
b. jorbenaZe wers - `erTiani saqarTvelos es kuTxeebi sxvadasxva periodSi
sxvadasxva saxelmwifoebriv gaerTianebebSi Sediodnen, sxvadasxva enis
mflobelebTan hqondaT urTierToba. aman, bunebrivia, metnaklebi zegavlena
iqonia. am dialeqtTa enobriv ierze mniSvneloba iqonia istoriulpolitikurma movlenebmac~114.
dialeqtTa
gamoyofis
erT-erTi
ganmsazrvreli
proncipi
aris
114
saxelmwifoebriv-politikuri .
magaliTad qvemogermanuli da zemogermanuli dialeqtebi enaTmecnieruli
TvalsazrisiT arsebiTad damoukidebeli enebia, raodenobrivi TvalsazrisiT
konstantinopolisa
da
aRmosavleTis
sxva
patriarqebma,
daxuruli
eparerebis kvlav gaxsnas, saqarTvelos eklesiis krebis mowvevas weliwadSi
orjer; rusuli da qarTuli eklesiebis erTianobis TvalsazrisiT
saqarTvelos kaTalikosi unda yofiliyo sruliad ruseTis uwmindesi
sinodis wevri, romelsac ufleba eqneboda daswreboda sinodis sxdomebs
Tavisi survilisa da SesaZleblobisamebr. Tavis mxriv, araqarTul
guberniebSi arsebuli eklesiebis meTauri rusi arqieskoposi iRebda `baqosa
da amierkavkasiis arqiepiskoposis~ wodebas da ufleba eqneboda daswreboda
sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis krebebs, Tu baqos eparqia qarTul
sakaTalikosis SemadgenlobaSi Sevidoda, rusuli eklesiebi qarTul
eparqiebSi daqvemdebareboda qarTvel arqiepiskoposebs, samrevlos ki sruli
ufleba eniWeboda TavisTvis aerCia sakuTari samRvdeloeba~146.
13. 17.01.1906. 1906 wels qarTvelma erma da samRvdeloebam ruseTis
mTavrobas moTxova eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgena im motiviT, rom
saqarTvelos eklesiis umweo mdgomareobaSi Cavardna gamoiwvia avtokefaliis
gauqmebam. ruseTis mTavrobam saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxis
gadawyveta miando ruseTis momaval saeklesio krebas, am krebis winaswar
TaTbirze 1906-1907 wlebSi kidevac iyo msjeloba saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliaze~147.
`1905 wels saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis cda rom gamoikveTa,
uwmidesma sinodma 1906 wels daadgina: `aRniSnuli sakiTxi gadatanil iqnes
ruseTis eklesiis momaval adgilobriv krebaze gansaxilvelad~ - werda
Semdgom ruseTis patriarqi tixoni148. mis mimarTvas upasuxa saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqma leonidem epistoleTi, romelSic kerZod naTqvamia:
`saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis sakiTxi gadacemul iqna sruliad
ruseTis momaval krebaze gasarCevad ara uwmidesi sinods dadgenilebiT,
aramed imperator nikoloz II-is nebiT, viTarca pasuxi qarTvel episkoposTa
mimarTvaze saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalur uflebebSi aRdgenisaTvis... es
umaRlesad gamoTqmuli survili qarTvel episkoposebs kavkasiis mefisnacvlis
saSualebiT euwya~149.
1905 wels ruseTSi sasuliero wodebaSi warmoiSva survili, raTa
aRdgeniliyo patriaqobis instituti, romelic iqamde TiTqmis orasi wliT
adre gaauqma petre pirvelis mmarTvelobam. am da sxva mniSvnelovan saqmeTa
gasarCevad gadawyvetili iyo mowveuliyo ruseTis eklesiis adgilobrivi
kreba. imperatorma nikoloz II-m da Cans wmida sinodma gadawyvites
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxic am krebas ganexla.
magram es kreba ar Catarebula saimperatoro mmarTvelobis dros. iqamde ki
ramdenjerme
Catarda
ruseTis
am
didi
adgilobrivi
krebis
wina
mosamzadebeli TaTbirebi (e.w. ), romelzedac 1906 wels
ganixiles
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaliis
sakiTxebic.
sakiTxi
saqarTveloSi mwvaved idga, qarTvel samRvdeloebas 1906 wlis 14 ianvars
gadawyvetili hqonda saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis gamocxadeba, magram
es saqme gadaido, raTa dalodeboda sinodis mier am sakiTxis Sesaswavlad
daniSnuli komisiis gadawyvetilebas150. marTlac sinodma peterburgSi
gamoiZaxa episkoposebi kirioni da leonide TaTbirze, romlis pirveli sxdoma
Sedga 1906 wlis 17 ianvars, meore ki 1906 wlis 19 ianvars.
amitom
gansaxilvelad
warmogidgenT
Suamdgomlobas,
qarTuli
eklesiisaTvis mis wiaRSi uZvelesi droidan arsebuli avtokefaliis
dabrunebis Sesaxeb; vimedovnebT, rom, amiT vasrulebT Cvens moqalaqeobriv
vals da vsasoebiT, rom am Txovnam Tqveni brwyinvalebis mxardaWera
daimsaxuros~179.
ilias es xelnaweri, prof. S. badriZis azriT, SeiZleba iyos im
moxsenebis teqsti, romelic man miarTva avtokefaliis sakiTxze 1905 wels
graf voroncov-daSkovs TbilisSi an imave wlis Semodgomaze sinodis oberprokurors obolenskis, romelsac vrclad ganumartavda saqarTvelos
avtokefaliis arss da am sakiTxis mougvarebloba miaCnda mravali
ubedurebis, kerZod, rogorc ilia ganmartavda, qristianuli keTildReobis
moSlis erT-erT mizezad180.
i. gogebaSvilma 1905 wels specialuri statia uZRvna aRniSnul sakiTxs
gazeT `vozroJdeniaSi~, romelSic avtori amtkicebs, rom saqarTvelos
eklesia daarsda jer kidev IV-Si da man gaiara Tavisi ganviTarebis gzaze 3
etapi: antioqiuri, nacionaluri da rusuli. misi azriT, III etapze
saqarTvelos eklesia xdeba rusuli eklesiis danamati - egzarqosobis
mkacri
sistema,
romelic
gamsWvalulia
fsiqopaTiuri
siZulviliT
yovelgvari qarTulisadmi, gamoyenebuli iyo, ise ulmoblad rom 1819
wlidan
dawyebuli
Cvens
dromde,
mTeli
saukunis
ganmavlobaSi,
saqarTvelos egzarqosad erTxelac ar yofila daniSnuli qarTveli, Tumca
qarTvel sasuliero pirTa Soris iyvnen maRalganviTarebuli da friad
Rirseuli ierarqebi~181.
`saqarTvelos eklesiis oponentebi ase gulmodgined imitom cdilobdnen
uareyoT am eklesiis avtokefaloba, raTa daemtkicebinaT debuleba imis
Sesaxeb, rom ruseTis uwm. sinods TiTqosda ar daurRvevia msoflio
saeklesio krebis dadgenilebani (gansakuTrebiT IV msoflio krebis
dadgenilebis XII muxli), romelSic naTqvamia, rom arc erT eklesias ara
aqvs ufleba Tavis gavlenis qveS moaqcios sxva romelime eklesia~182.
`kaTalikos-patriarqma anton II-m 1811 wels uwmindes sinods ganucxada,
rom iveriis eklesia, rogorc avtokefaluri, ar SeiZleba wminda kanonebs
(39-e kanoni II msoflio krebisa, VIII kanoni III msoflio krebisa) safuZvelze
mas daemorCilos. amas sWirdeboda aRmosavleTis patriarqTa Tanxmoba, rac
saerTod ar yofila. sinodma mas araviTari angariSi ar gauwia da
saqarTvelos eklesiis damoukidebloba sruliad ubodiSod gaauqma. moxda
eklesiebis istoriaSi jer arnaxuli moqmedeba; erTma avtokefalurma
eklesiam daimorCila meore, aseve avtokefaluri eklesia~183.
`balsamonis cnobas XI saukunis SuaxanebSi, 1053 w. saqarTvelos
eklesiisadmi avtokefaliis miniWebis Sesaxeb adasturebs XIV saukunis
avtoriteti maTe vlastari da XVII saukunis ierusalimis patriarqi
dosifei, romelic sargeblobda Zveli berZnuli da arabuli wyaroebiT. al.
cagareli wers: `eparqia zemo iveriisa (mcxeTis kaTedra) damoukidebeli
gaxda konstantine monomaxisa da antioqiis patriarqis petres dros.~ isini
marTlac erTdroulad moRvaweobdnen.
17. 1907 w. 6 ivniss TbilisSi Sedga `samRvdeloebis saeparqio yriloba~.
yrilobis TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalia male unda
msoflio saeklesio krebis VIII kanons: `raTa ar iyvnen orni episkopozni erTsa
qalaqsa Sina~197.
`rusi Sovinistebis MmxardaWeriT afxazi samRvdeloebisa da inteligenciis
erTma mravlricxovanma nawilma uari Tqva saqarTvelos eklesiis uzenaesobis
cnobaze da gadawyvita Seeqmna afxazeTis damoukidebeli eklesia. am mizniT 1917
w. 24-27 maiss maT moiwvies saeklesio kreba, romelmac gamoacxada
`damoukidebeli, nacionaluri meTauris~ rezidenciad q. soxumi, magram
sinamdvileSi 1919 wlis martamde, rogorc adre, soxumis eparqiis ruseTis
episkoposi
sergi
marTavda,
amitomac
zemoT
aRniSnuli
cru
krebis
sapirispirod 1919 wlis 7 oqtombers mowveulma afxazeTis samRvdeloebam
350kacis SemadgenlobiT daadgina: 1. avtonomiuri afxazeTis teritoriaze
aRdgenili xdeba saqarTvelos sakaTalikosis TviTmdgomi eparqia soxumafxazeTis saxelwodebiT~. am eparqias Semdgom saTaveSi Caudga Wyondideli
mitropoliti ambrosi xelaia198.
3. 1917 wlis 29 marts Sedga saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelobis kreba,
romelmac ganixila is gadawyvetileba, romelic miiRo ruseTis droebiTma
mTavrobam saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis Sesaxeb.
1917 wlis 17 marts droebiTma mTavrobam saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTvelobas
gamougzavna Tavisi dadgenileba mcxeTis 13 martis aqtTan dakavSirebiT,
romelSic naTqvami iyo: `mieces saqarTvelos eklesias avtokefalia ara
teritorialuri, aramed erovnuli niSnis mixedviT. marTlmadidebeli rusebis
da araqarTveli marTlmadideblebis eklesiebi darCnen ruseTis sinodis
gamgeobis
qveS.
saqarTvelos
eklesiam
gamoarkvios
Tavis
uflebrivi
mdgomareoba da warudginos dasamtkiceblad droebiT mTavrobas. manamde
rCebian ucvlelad saegzarqosoSi arsebuli dawesebulebani. saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefaliis aRiareba sabolood ekuTvnis ruseTis damfuZnebel
krebas~199.
ruseTis saxelmwifo mmarTvelTa gadawyvetilebam saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefalobis aRiarebis Sesaxeb erTi mxriv gaaxara qarTuli mxare, meore
mxriv ki aRaSfoTa, rac gamoixata 1917 w. 28 martis protestiT: `saqarTvelos
eklesiis cnobas nacionalur eklesiad da ara teritorialur avtokefaliad
istoriaSi
precedenti
ar
aqvs
da
savsebiT
ewinaaRmdegeba
marTlmadideblebisaTvis savaldebulo eklesiis yvela kanons. saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefalia unda iyos cnobili teritoriul safuZvlebze Zveli
drois qarTul sakaTalikozo sazRvrebSi~200.
saqme is iyo, rom droebiTma mTavrobam saqarTvelos eklesiis sakiTxi
`arakanonikurad gadaWra, vinaidan saqarTvelos avtokefalur eklesias
miakuTvna erovnuli qarTuli xasiaTi da ar SezRuda igi gansazRvruli
teritoriiT, rogorc amas kanonebi aweseben. imave kanonTa sawinaaRmdegod man
`yvela marTlmadidebeli samrevloebi rusulni da sxva araqarTulni
marTlmadidebeli rusuli eklesiis uwyebaSi datova. sakiTxis amgvari
Setrialeba
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
droebiTma
mmarTvelobam
cno
200
arakanonikurad~ .
29 martis krebam daadgina: `saqarTvelos eklesiis erovnuli avtokefalia
ewinaaRmdegeba saeklesio kanonebs. Tu aseTi avtokefalia mieca saqarTvelos
eklesias, xSirad eqneba adgili rus-qarTvelTa interesebis dapirispirebas, rom
agvSordes Tavidan es safrTxe, saqarTvelos eklesias unda mieces avtokefalia
teritorialuri.
rusebs
eyolebaT
avtonomiuri
episkoposi,
romelmac
saeklesio kanonis ZaliT daemorCileba saqarTvelos kaTalikoss~201.
4. iqamde, 1917 wlis 27 marts Tbilisis rusma samRvdeloebam moiwvia kreba.
dekanoz vostorgovis yofili TanamoRvaweni axla Semokrebilni iyvnen yofil
egzarqos arqiepiskopos platonTan `qalaq Tbilisis samRvdeloebisa da
eriskacTa komitetis saxeliT~. am komitetma aRniSnul dRes daadgina: `ecnobis
uwmides sinods Semdegi: radganac saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
gamocxadeba Sesrulebuli faqtia, xolo CvenTvis SeuZlebelia saqarTvelos
sakaTalikozoSi Sesvla, vSuamdgomlobT uwmidesi sinodis winaSe, daarsdes
amierkavkasiis saegzarqoso, uwmidesi sinodisadmi daqvemdebarebuli, romlis
SemadgenlobaSi unda iyvnen yvela rusuli samrevloebi, agreTve sxva
erovnebaTa marTlmadideblebic, Tu isini amas moisurveben~202.
ruseTis droebiTma mTavrobam amierkavkasiaSi mcxovrebi rusebis saeklesio
interesebis dasacavad da agreTve saqarTvelos eklesiis saqmeebis mosawyobad
TbilisSi gamogzavna peterburgis universitetis profesori beneSeviCi. igi
ramdenime Tve cxovrobda TbilisSi. misi TanamonawileobiT saqarTvelos
eklesiis xelmZRvanelebma SeimuSaves `ZiriTadi debulebani saqarTvelos
eklesiis
uflebrivi
mdgomareobisa
ruseTis
saxelmwifoSi~,
romelic
profesorma gaugzavna droebiT mTavrobas dasamtkiceblad. amasTanave 1917 wlis
ivnisSi qarTuli eklesiis specialuri delegaciac gaemgzavra peterburgSi am
debulebaTa dasamtkiceblad.
5. 1917 wlis maisSi Sedga `kavkasiaSi mosaxle rusebis saeklesio kreba~203.
vostorgovis yofili Tanamoazreni ver eguebian saqarTvelos eklesiis
teritoriuli mowyobis princips.
6. ruseTis mTavrobam 1917 wlis 25 ivliss, ministr-Tavmjdomare a.kerenskisa da
uwmidesi sinodis oberprokuroris a.kartaSevis xelis moweriT daamtkica
`ruseTis saxelmwifoSi saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareobis
proeqti~204, romelic Camoyalibda debulebis saxiT, romelic aseTia:
ZiriTadi debulebani saqarTvelos eklesiis uflebrivi mdgomareobisa ruseTis
saxelmwifoSi
a) saqarTvelos eklesias qarTvelTa modgmis marTlmadidebluri mosaxleoba
Seadgens, rogorc Zvel saqarTvelos sakaTalikosos sazRvrebSi, ise mis gareSe
myofi.
SeniSvna:
afxazeTisa
da
amierkavkasiis
osebis
mrevlebs,
romelTac
qarTvelebTan
erTad
ganuyofelis
saeklesio
istoriulis
cxovrebiT
ucxovriaT, SeuZliaT, Tu moisurveben saqarTvelos eklesiis SemadgenlobaSi
Semovidnen.
b) erTsa da imave saxelmwifoSi erTad cxovrebis gamo, saqarTvelos eklesiis
mRvdelmsaxurni movaleni arian daakmayofilon sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebani
sxva, araqarTvel marTlmadidebel erovnebaTa warmomadgenlebisa, romelnic
saWiroebis dros mimarTaven maT, agreTve am erovnebaTa mRvdelmsaxurnic
movaleni arian qarTvelTa sarwmunoebrivi moTxovnilebani daakmayofilon.
magram es SemTxvevani arc erT eklesias sabuTs ar aZlevs Tavis wevrebad
CaTvalos is pirni, romelnic mimarTaven mas saWiroebis gamo.
SeniSvna: amgvar SemTxvevaSi mommarTvelT ufleba ara aqvT moiTxovon, rom maT
sarwmunoebriv
moTxovnilebaTa
dakmayofileba
maT
mSobliur
enaze
sruldebodes.
Tbilisis
eklesiebis
xelSi
CagdebiT
qarTuli
eklesia
finansurad
gakotrdeboda, sulierad ki dauZlurdeboda.
ar unda daviviwyoT, rom am dros saqarTvelo kvlav ruseTis saxelmwifos
SemadgenlobaSi imyofeboda, saqarTvelos damoukidebloba TiTqmis erTi wlis
Semdeg 1918 wlis 26 maiss gamocxadda. rus samRvdeloebasa da jer kidev
TbilisSi mjdom egzarqoss didi Zala hqonda. leonide mis Sesaxeb werda `uwmidesi sinodis wevrma mTavarepiskoposma platonma Cvengan cnoba miiRo
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalur uflebaTa aRdgenis Taobaze, ris Semdeg
mas bunebrivad unda ayroda ufleba qarTlisa da kaxeTis mTavarepiskopozisa
da saqarTvelos egzarqosad darCeniliyo, Zmuri salamis magier, rusis
saldaTebis xiStebiT dagvemuqra. uwmidesma sinodma ki daayovna damdgariyo e.w.
bulgareli sqizmis Tvalsazrisze~210.
sazogadoebriv Zalauflebas socialisturi partiebi flobdnen. qarTveli
`revolucionerebi~ ara Tu uTanagrZnobdnen im droisaTvis ukve gamocxadebul
avtokefalias, aramed miaCniaT rom `ruseTis erTianobisaTvis~ anu `edinaia
nedelimaia~ mTliani - ganuyofeli ruseTisaTvis qarTuli avtokefalia
saxifaTo gaxda. ruseTis mTavrobac Tavs aridebda `almacerad epyroboda~
avtokefaliis sakiTxs (leonides sityviT, `kerenskim Cveni saeklesio delegacia
ar miiRo~). sazogadod ki `revoluciur~ duRilSi CarTul qarTvelebs
eTakilebodaT kidec gamosarClebodnen `klerikalebis~ pretenziebs211.
rusma samRvdeloebam da monazvnebma Tavis xelSi aiRes zogierTi qarTuli
taZari da ar anebebdnen mis gadasvlas qarTuli sakaTalikosos iurisdiqciaSi
(am dros qarTul mxares exmareboda erovnul-demokratiuli partia, mis wevrebs
xels uSlidnen, tuqsavdnen social-demokratebi).
aseT viTarebaSi leonidem aRadgina Tbileli mitropolitis kaTedra, amiT ki
rusul
mxares
saSualeba
moespo
TbilisSi
daearsebinaT
rusuli
samitropolito kaTedra. `1917 wlis 15 agvistis sionis taZarSi wirvis Semdeg
episkoposi leonide dadga ambionze, xolo mTavardiakonma kaTedridan Semdegi
aqti gamoacxada: `ganbWobiTa da gamowvlilviTa saqarTvelos eklesiis
droebiTi mmarTvelobisa da samRvdeloiTa da saeroTa dasTa Tbilisis da
sxvaTa saqarTvelos qalaqTaiTa Tavdadgmul iqmna uZvelesi saydari Tbileli
mitropolitTai, romelic erTi saukune ganicdida qvrivobasa, xolo saydarsa
amas zeda STagonebiTa sulisa wmidisa da SemokrebulTa erTsulovan da
TanxmobiTi aRrCeviTa aRiyvanebis sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis kaTalikospatriarqis mosaydre episkoposi guria-odiSisa yovlad usamRvdlesi leonide,
viTarca misTvis da vTqvaT aqsiosi~212.
ramdenime dRis Semdeg, 23 agvistos, mitropolitma leonidem daikava is bina,
romelic eWiraT saqarTvelos egzarqosebs, viTarca qarTvelTa kuTvnileba.
`amis gamo saqarTvelos naegzarqosalma platonma 25 agvistos moskovis
saeklesio krebaze ganacxada, rom saqarTvelo CamoSorda marTlmadideblobas
da gamoacxada avtokefalia. mas, platons, TbilisSi boikoti gamoucxades da
rusi berebi Seawuxes. axla man depeSa miiRo, rom 23 agvistos qarTvelebma
leonides meTaurobiT (saxalxo) miliciis monawileobiT daikaves egzarqosis
saxli, dabeWdes eklesia, moiTxoves karebis gasaRebi da daatusaRes ramdenime
sasuliero piri. es ukve euwya prokurors da mTavrobis sxva pirebs. amis
Semdeg droebiTi mTavrobis warmomadgenelma ganacxada, rom saWiroa Sesdges
erTi versia
kirionis gardacvalebis (26.VIII.1918) Semdeg TbilisSi da saqarTveloSi
gavrcelda sxvadasxva urTierTgamomricxavi xmebi, erT-erTi Semogvinaxa
s.kakabaZem. igi wers - `carizmma me-19 saukuneSi Tavisi politikiT miiRo
yovelgvari zomebi, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis aRdgena burJuaziuli
wyobilebis pirobebSic SeuZlebeli gaexada. qarTveli samRvdeloeba mxolod
gamorCenas eZebda da amitomac mas araviTari moraluri wona xalxis farTo
masebSi ar hqonda. amas Tan daerTo samRvdeloebis maRal wreebSi dabudebuli
erTmaneTis gautanloba da sisxliani SurisZieba. mitropolit leonides
momxrem 1918 wlis 27 ivniss mokla kaTalikosi kirioni. amis Semdeg mokles
kidev ori mRvdeli. amgvarad, eklesiis sakiTxSi fexi moikida terorma. aseT
pirobebSi kaTalikosad axali arCevnebis dauniSnavad gaxda leonide~225.
s.kakabaZe imeorebs imdroindel sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebul erT-erT versias,
TiTqosda kirioni mokla leonides momxrem. ram Seuwyo xeli aseTi xmebis
gavrcelebas? unda vifiqroT, rom aseT xmebs sagangebod avrcelebda socialdemokratiuli partia, romelic dafarulad mudam ibrZoda saqarTvelos
eklesiis avtokefaliis winaaRmdeg, maT Soris, yovelgvari ukadrisi xerxebiT.
`eklesiis sakiTSi fexi terorma moikida~ ara 1918 wlidan kirionis sikvdilis
Semdeg, aramed mecxramete saukunis bolodanve. ruseTis imperiaSi eklesiis
xelSi didi Zalaufleba iyrida Tavs, mis xelSi ganaTlebis TiTqmis mTliani
sistema iyo moqceuli, amitomac sasuliero saswavleblebSi Sediodnen da
zogjer samRvdlo xarisxsac iRebdnen sasuliero wodebisaTvis Seuferebeli
axalgazrdebi, sakmarisia iTqvas, rom saqarTvelodan gasuli bolSevik-socialdemokratebis gavlenian nawils sasuliero seminaria hqonda damTavrebuli anda
Sexeba hqonda sasuliero saswavleblebTan. aseve menSevikebsac. zogjer isic ki
xdeboda, rom erTdroulad romelime axalgazrda oficialurad sasuliero
wodebaSi iricxeboda, araoficialurad socialistur partias ganekuTvneboda.
social-demokratebs udidesi gavlena hqonda mopovebuli sazogadoebaSi, ufro
metic, maTi teroriT sastikad iyo daSinebuli ara marto mosaxleoba, aramed
maTi partiis wevrebic, romelTac evalebodaT usityvod aResrulebinaT
partiis centris neba-survili. social-demokratiuli partiis neba ki mkacrad
iyo mimarTuli yovelive qarTulis winaaRmdeg, gansakuTrebiT ki saqarTelos
avtonomiis winaaRmdeg. ara Tu bolSevikebi, aramed qarTveli menSevikebic ki
uaryofdnen lozungs ruseTis imperiis farglebSi saqarTvelos avtonomiuri
mmarTelobisa226.
qarTvel menSevikebs, romlis mebairaRed yovelTvis noe Jordania iyo, ar
swamda
qarTuli
saxelmwifoebriobis
aRdgenis
SesaZlebloba.
qarTul
menSevizms axasiaTebda zizRi yvelaferi qarTulisadmi es zizRi midioda
iqamdis, rom menSevikuri presis terminologiidan savsebiT gamodevnili iyo
sityvebi `saqarTvelo~ da `qarTveli~ da es savsebiT paTologiuri movlena
axasiaTebda qarTul menSevizms ruseTis imperiis arsebobis mTel sigrZeze
vidre 1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciamdis da erTxans mis Semdegac226.
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefalia
social-demokratebs
saqarTvelos
avtonomiis programis erT-erT nawilad miaCndaT, amitomac ibrZodnen mis
winaaRmdeg, ZiriTadad faruli xerxebiT, aseve ukve 1905-7 wlebisaTvis
avtokefaliis ideis winaaRmdeg aamxedres qarTveli axalgazrda sasuliero
xelmZRvanelebma
miiRes
gadawyvetileba
reformebis problemebisaTvis.
TviTonve
miexedaT
saeklesio
, ( 1920.),
28 1925 ,
. 6 1925 ,
2 1925 , 12
1925 , 12 1926 ,
. 4 1927 ,
. 11 1927 ,
9 1927 , -
. . 10 1927 :
( 4 ), ,
( 2 ), ( 1053 1810 .),
.
`
: .
... ..
, ,
.
. , 3 1927 :
... :
262.
mitropoliti kalistrate ase gadmogvcems am faqtis istorias, 1926 wlis 4
noembers konstantinopolis patriarqma mimarTa ruseTis sinods: `uaxloes
droSi damyardes normaluri kanonikuri urTierToba uwmides sinodsa da
saqarTvelos
kaTalikoss
Soris~,
ruseTis
eklesiam
daavala
baqos
mitropolit petres ewarmoebina molaparakeba saqarTvelos eklesiasTan. 1926
wlis 25 dekembers kaTalikos-patriarq ambrosis ewvia baqos mitropoliti
petre. mas ruseTis sinodis mier davalebuli hqonda moemzadebina moxseneba,
Tu rogor unda aRdgeniliyo kanonikuri urTierToba or eklesias Soris.
mitropolitma kalistratem am Sexvedrisas ganacxada, rom uZvelesi
avtokefalia saqarTvelos eklesiisa. marTalia, Sewyvita ruseTis saero
mTavrobam 1811 wels, magram igi aRadgina imave ruseTis mTavrobam 1917 wels,
arc erT aRmosavleTis patriarqs ar daudasturebia saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliis SeCereba, amitomac `axla saWiro ar aris aRmosavleTis
patriarqebis gansakuTrebuli aqti saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis
cnobisaTvis~ (mitr. kalistrate, `mware mogonebani, gv. 31). kaTalikos-patriarq
kalistrates ar miaCnda saWirod konstantinopolis eklesiis mier axali
dadgenilebebis miReba saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis cnobisaTvis.,
Tavis mxriv, mitropoliti qristeforec erT-erTi mTavari monawile iyo
ruseTis wmida sinodis mier 1927 wlis 8 Tebervals saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefaliis dadasturebisa. man gamosca kidec es dokumenti:
ruseTis eklesiis sinodis 1927 wlis 25 Tebervlis #825 mimarTva kaTalikospatriarq ambrosisadmi
mTavarepiskoposi
lugisa,
protopresviteri a.i. boiarski, dekanozi n.g. popovi, dekanozi p.v. raevski,
dekanozi t.d.popovi, dekanozi d.a. adamovi, dekanozi m.a. kniazevski, dekanozi
a.p. endeka da profesori b.v. titlinovi.
komisiam, moskovis mitropolits serafimes TavmjdomareobiT da Semdeg
pirTa SemadgenlobiT: petre mitropoliti Crdilo kavkasiisa, mixeili
mitropoliti yubani-Savi zRvispirisa, petre mTavarepiskoposi kavkasiisa da
Tergis eparqiis dekanoz m.a. knizavskisa, ganixila Semdegi dokumentebi:
epistole sruliad saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis uwmides leonidisa
(tfilisi 1920 w.), werili saqarTvelos kaTalikos-patriarqis moadgilesi
urbnel mitropolit qristeforesi, 1925 wlis 28 ianvars; pasuxi samRvdelo
sinodisa mitropolit qristefores, 1925 wlis 6 aprilis, samRvdelo
sinodisagan; saqarTvelos patriarqs, 1925 wlis 2 noembris; werili kaTalikospatriarqis ambrosisa, 1925 wlis 12 noembris; moxseneba sinodisadmi imierkavkasiis samitropolito mmarTvelobisagan, 1927 wlis 4 ianvris; dadgenileba
samRvdelo sinodisa, 1927 wlis 11 ianvris; angariSi imierkavkasiis
mitropolitis mdgomareobaze, 1927 wlis 19 ianvris; telegrama mitropolit
qristeforesi, 1927 wlis 1 Tebervlis; pasuxi samRvdelo sinodis kaTalikospatriarqis moadgilesi; soxumis mitropolit qristeforesi, 1927 w. 1
Tebervlis; da daaskvna: yurad viRebT ra saqarTvelos eklesiis siZveles (me 4
sauk. dasawyisi), mis simtkices ucxo sarwmunoebaTa winaaRmdeg brZolaSi mis
mravalricxovnebas (2 milion wevramde) mis avtokefalobas warsulSi (1053
wliudan 1810 wlamde), ukve gamocxadebul gadawyvetilebas samRvdelo
sinodisas `mieniWos s.s.r.k. xalxebs Tavisufleba Tavis eklesiur cxovrebis
mowyobaSi da vscnobT saqarTvelos eklesiis udavo uflebas avtokefalobaze
da warvudgenT samRvdelo sinodis wevrTa krebas dasamtkiceblad Semdeg
dadgenilebas:
`cnobil
iqmnes
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
avtokefaloba.
tfilisisa da soxumis eparqiebi aRar iTvlebodes samRvdelo sinodis
uwyebaSi.
sakiTxi
maTis
gacemis
Sesaxeb
gadawydes
saqarTvelos
sakaTalikososTan mi-momarTvis Semdeg ise, rom rusTa marTlmadidebel
samrevloebs SeenaxosT saeklesio cxovrebis rusuli elferi~.
aRniSnuli daskvna komisiisa samRvdelo sinodis wevrTa saerTo krebam
miiRo erTxmad.
aRsasruleblad amisa samRvdelo sinodma 8 Tebervals 1927 wlisas
daadgina: Sesdges calke aqti saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefalobis cnobis
saqmeze da waredginos igi aRmosavleTis marTlmadidebel patriarqebs da
saqarTvelos eklesias. inebos RmerTman, raTa hyvaodes ukunisamnde uZvelesi
qristianuli
saqarTvelos
avtokefaluri
ekklesia
SekavSirebuli
marTlmadidebeli
qristes
mTel
eklesiasTan
mSvidobianobiTa
da
siyvaruliTa.
samRvdelo sinodis Tavmjdomare mitropoliti leningradisa da yovlisa
CrdiloeT-dasavleTis mxarisa beniamini.
wevrni sinodisa:
serafime, mitropoliti moskovisa.
RvTismetyvelebis doqtori mitropoliti aleqsandre evelenski apologetkeTil-mauwyebeli.
protoprosviteri p. krasocini
mdivani - wevri sinodisa profesori zarini263.
ruseTis eklesiam orjer cno oficialurad saqarTvelos eklesiis
avtokefalia, pirvelad 1927 wlis TebervalSi, meored ki 1943 wlis
oqtomberSi. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom meore cnoba emyareboda pirvels. meored
cnobis mizezi unda yofiliyo is, rom 1927 wels ruseTis eklesias ar hyavda
patriarqi (tixonis gardacvalebis Semdeg xelisuflebam ar misca ufleba
saeklesio krebis mowvevisa) da mas marTavda e.w. `samRvdelo sinodi~.
12) sruliad saqarTvelos eklesiis meoTxe kreba.
1927 w. ivnisis 21, dilis 10 s., sionis taZarSi Sedga sruliad saqarTvelos
eklesiis me-4 kreba, romelsac daeswo 65 delegati - sasuliero da saero
dauvalebia
aravisaTvis
gagzavna
sabWoTa
mTavrobis
saprotesto
memorandumisa genuis konferenciisadmi, da rom es nabiji, gadadgmuli 1922 w.,
gamodga sabediswero saqarTvelos eklesiisaTvis, gaarTula damokidebuleba
misi xelisfulebasTan, romelic gelaTis saeklesio krebis dros da Semdegac
iCenda saqarTvelos eklesiisadmi srul loialobas.
me-4
saeklesio
kreba
adasturebs,
rom
saqarTveloSi
sabWoTa
xelisuflebis
damyarebis
Semdeg,
kulturul-ekonomikuri
aRorZineba
nacionalur niadagze viTardeba warmatebiT, vidre mis winamorbed reJimebis
xanaSi.
me-4 saeklesio krebas ar SeuZlia ar miaqcios yuradReba gazeTebSi
moTavsebul cnobebs Sesaxeb imisa, rom qarTvel politikur emograntebs n.Jordaniasa da n.ramiSvilis meTaurobiT - hyoliaT warmomadgenlebi romis
papTan da kenterberiis mTavarepiskoposTan.
kreba kategoriulad acxadebs, rom saqarTvelos eklesiis pasuxismgebel
pirT
araviTari
davaleba
an
rwmunebuleba
ar
miuciaT
qarTvel
emigrantebisaTvis - awarmoon raime molaparakeba romis papTan da anglikanur
eklesiasTan; da rom aseT cdebs qoneboda adgili saqarTvelos eklesiis
romelime warmomadgenlis mxriv, maSin kreba iZulebuli iqneboda ganekveTa
igi saqarTvelos eklesiidan.
saqarTvelos
eklesia
iyo
da
aris
aRmosavleT
eklesiis
marTlmadideblobis aRsarebis niadagze da icavs Tavis damoukidebulebas
(avtokefalias) yvela sxva eklesiisagan da arc fiqrobs marTlmadidebel
eklesiis romelime doRmatis Secvlas.
amasTanave erTad saqarTvelos marTlmadidebeli eklesia, romelic
qadagebs mSvidobianobas, veraviTar SemTxvevaSi ver Seurigdeba im faqts,
TiTqos romis da anglikanur eklesiebis meTaurni iWeren kavSirs antisabWoTa
partiebis da jgufebis warmomadgenlebTan, romelnic cdiloben xelmeored
daarRvion qarTvelTa mSvidobiani cxovreba.
es deklaracia ecnobos saqarTvelos sabWoTa respublikis mTavrobas da
gadaeces presis warmomadgenlebs~.
saeklesio krebis dadgenileba 22 ivnisisa kaTalikos-patriarqis mosaydris
mitropolit
qristefores
moxsenebisa
gamo:
`saqarTvelos
eklesiis
mdgomareoba gelaTis saeklesio krebidan meoTxe saeklesio krebamde (1921-1927
w. w.)~.
`sruliad saqarTvelos meoTxe saeklesio krebam moismina moxseneba
kaTalikos-patriarqis mosaydris mitrop. qristeforesi saqarTvelos eklesiis
mdgomareobis Sesaxeb gelaTis saeklesio krebidan 1921 w. vidre dRevandel
krebamde
da
ganmartebani
yof.
mosaydris
mitrop:
kalistratesi,
mRvdelTmTavarTa - stefanesi, melqisedekisa, pavlesi, svimonisa, dekanozTa kandelakisa,
fofxaZisa,
xaxutaSvilisa,
maWaraSvilisa;
moqalaqeTa
ratiSvilisa, svimoniSvilisa da sx. da daadgina:
1) moxseneba, rogorc eklesiis viTarebis dawvrilebiT da sworad
gamomxatveli, cnobil iqmnas sruliad damakmayofileblad.
2) amasTanave meoTxe saeklesio kreba gamosTqvams Tavis Rrma mwuxarebas,
rom:
a) Seqmnili pirobebisa da kaTalikos-patriarqis avadmyofobisa gamo
saqarTvelos eklesiis mesveurTa Soris hqonda adgili uTanxmoebas, rac xels
saqarTvelos
samociqulo
avtokefalur
saqarTvelos
saxelmwifo
(SemdgomSi
saxelmwifo),
warmodgenili
saqarTvelos prezidentiT da saqarTvelos samociqulo avtokefaluri
marTlmadidebeli eklesia (SemdgomSi eklesia), warmodgenili sruliad
saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqiT,
deben
konstituciur
SeTanxmebas
(SemdgomSi SeTanxmeba):
muxli 1.
1. saxelmwifo da eklesia adastureben mzadyofnas iTanamSromlon
urTierTdamoukideblobis
principis
dacviT,
qveynis
mosaxleobis
sakeTildReod.
2. saxelmwifo da eklesia uflebamosilni arian dadon SeTanxmebebi
erToblivi interesebis sxvadasxva sferoSi, romelTa ganxorcielebis
mizniTac mxareTa mier miiReba Sesabamisi aqtebi.
3. eklesia warmoadgens istoriulad Camoyalibebul sajaro samarTlis
iuridiul
pirs,
romelic
YTavis
saqmianobas
warmarTavs
saeklesio
(kanonikuri) samarTlis normebiT, saqarTvelos konstituciis, am SeTanxmebisa
da saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad.
4. eklesias specialuri uflebamosilebis gareSe warmoadgenen: saeklesio
kreba, saqarTvelos kaTolikos-patriarqi, wmida sinodi da saqarTvelos
4.
eklesiis
dafinansebis
wyaros
warmoadgens:
nebayoflobiTi
Semowirulobani, samewarmeo Semosavlebi, investiciebi, grantebi, daxmarebebi,
moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad miRebuli sxva Semosavlebi.
5. eklesiis mier saRvTismsaxuro produqcia misi damzadeba, Semotana,
miwodeba da Semowiruloba, aseve araekonomikuri mizniT arsebuli qoneba da
miwa ganTavisuflebulia gadasaxadisagan.
6. saxelmwifo eklesiasTan SeTanxmebiT iZleva nebarTvas an licenzias
eklesiis oficialuri terminologiisa da simbolikis gamoyenebaze, agreTve,
saRvTismsaxuro produqciis damzadebaze, Semotanasa da miwodebaze.
muxli 7.
1. saxelmwifo eklesiis sakuTrebad cnobs saqarTvelos mTel teritoriaze
arsebul marTlmadideblur taZrebs, monastrebs (moqmeds da aramoqmeds), maT
nangrevebs, agreTve, miwis nakveTebs, romlebzec isinia ganlagebuli.
2. zemoaRniSnul nagebobaTa dacvis zonebi, maTi movla-patronobisa da
sargeblobis wesebi ganisazRvreba Sesabamisi saxelmwifo samsaxuris mier
moqmedi kanonmdeblobiT da eklesiasTan SeTanxmebiT.
muxli 8.
1.
saxelmwifo
eklesiis
sakuTrebad
cnobs
saxelmwifo
dacvaSi
(muzeumebSi, sacavebSi) myof saeklesio saganZurs (kerZo sakuTrebaSi
arsebuli nawilis garda).
2.
zemoaRniSnuli
saeklesio
saganZuri,
rogorc
saerTo-erovnuli
saganZuris nawili, aris saxelmwifosa da eklesiis erTobliv mfarvelobaSi
moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Seabamisad (wmida nawilebisa da wmida reliqviebis
garda).
muxli 9.
1. saxelmwifo da eklesia erToblivad zrunaven istoriul-kulturuli da
arqeologiur-arqiteqturuli faseulobebis mqone saeklesio nagebobebisa da
saeklesio saganZuris saTanado dacvisa da movla-patronobisaTvis.
2. saxelmwifo eklesiasTan SeTanxmebiT, moqmedi kanonmdeblobis Tanaxmad,
amtkicebs damatebiT wesebs muzeumebsa da sacavebSi daculi saeklesio
saganZuris sargeblobis Sesaxeb, aseve kulturul-istoriuli Rirebulebebis
mqone taZrebis aRdgenis, restavracia-konservaciis an moxatvis proeqtebs.
muxli 10.
saxelmwifo iRebs valdebulebas, awarmoos molaparakeba Sesabamis
saxelmwifoebTan
maT
teritoriaze
arsebuli
yvela
qarTuli
marTlmadieebluri taZris, monastris, maTi nivTebis dacvis, movlapatronobisa da sakuTrebis Taobaze.
muxli 11.
1. saxelmwifo adasturebs XIX-XX saukuneebSi (gansakuTrebiT 1921-90
wlebSi),
saxelmwifoebrivi
damoukideblobis
dakargvis
periodSi,
eklesiisaTvis materialuri da moraluri zianis miyenebis faqts. rogorc
CamorTmeuli qonebis nawilis faqtobrivi mflobeli, iRebs valdebulebas
materialuri zianis nawilobriv kompensaciaze (saqarTvelos ssr ministrTa
sabWos dadgenileba 183; 12.04.90).
sruliad saqarTvelos
kaTolikos-patriarqi
e.SevardnaZe
ilia II
daskvna
naSromSi ganxilulia XIX-XX saukuneebSi Semdgari 50-ze meti saeklesio
kreba. isini dayofili iqna sam mTavar jgufad: 1) krebebi, romelnic Sedga
avtokefaliis gauqmebidan mis aRdgenamde; 2) 1917 wels Semdgari avtokefaliis
aRmdgeni krebebi; 3) krebebi 1918-1995 wlebisa.
avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg, mTel XIX saukuneSi, ar Semdgara namdvili
warmomadgenlobiTi sruliad saqarTvelos saeklesio kreba (am SemTxvevaSi
saqarTvelos saegzarqosos saeklesio kreba), mizezi amisa iyo is, rom TviT
ruseTSi, XVIII s. dasawyisidan, ruseTis sapatriarqos gauqmebis Semdeg,
xelisufalTa nebiT ar Catarebula sruliad ruseTis saeklesio kreba, magram
saeparqio saeklesio krebebi Zalze mravali iyo, maT Soris saqarTvelos
saegzarqosos teritoriazec. xelisufalTa mier nebadarTul aseTi Sekrebebis
dros, gansakuTrebiT ki XX s. dasawyisSi, qarTveli sasuliero pirebi
xelsayrel viTarebas xelidan ar uSvebdnen da gabedulad ayenebdnen
Tavdapirvelad skolebsa da eklesia-monastrebSi qarTuli enis, Semdeg ki
sruliad saqarTvelos momcveli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxs.
imJamad saqarTvelo, viTarca erTiani administraciuli erTeuli ar
arsebobda,
igi
danawilebuli
iyo
sxvadasxva
guberniaSi,
amitomac
,
,
XIX-XX ,
.
Metropolitian Anania Japaridze
SYNODS OF GEORGIAN CHURCH IN XIX-XX CENTURIES
CONCLUSION
The work consideres more than fifty local synods of the Georgian Church. The analysis of these synods
shows that the Georgian Church managed to preserve for the nation the holly spirit of the Orthodox
church in the very controversial period of XIX-XX centuries. This will serve as a basis for returning
back to the Georgian Church its usual place in the society.
naSromSi
ganxilulia
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
mmarTveli
ierarqia
(kaTalikosi,
patriarqi,
qorepiskoposi,
mwignobarT-uxucesi,
moZRvarTmoZRvari), es eparqiebi qarTul eklesias marTavdnen uZvelesi xnidan
TiTqmis
avtikefaliis
gauqmebamde,
maT
Seswavlas
mniSvneloba
aqvs
saqarTvelos eklesiis istoriis kvlevisaTvis.
daqtori:
lia SarvaSiZe
recenzentebi:
giuli alasania
istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori
sergo vardosaniZe
1. kaTalikosi
msoflio
saeklesio
samarTlis
istorikosTa
Tanaxmad,
TiToeuli
avtokefaluri
adgilobrivi
eklesia
warmoadgens
saepiskoposoTa
erTobliobas, amitomac mas unda hqondes Tavisi erTobis organoebi,
aRWurvili administraciuli ZalauflebiT, romelic calkeul episkoposTa
Zalauflebas
aRemateba,
saqarTveloSi
aseTi
iyo
sakaTalikoso
da
sapatriarqo xelisufleba.
sulieri gagebiT erTi da imave xarisxis mqone RvTismsaxurebi Tanasworni
arian,
magram
isini
SeiZleba
erTmaneTisagan
gansxvavdebodnen
uflebamosilebis sivrcisa da sxva mniSvnelobis mixedviT.
RvTismsaxurTa am niSnebis mixedviT gansxvavebas ewodeba mmarTveli
ierarqia. saqarTvelos eklesiaSi arsebobda episkoposis, mTavarepiskoposis,
qorepiskoposis, kaTalikosis, patriarqis da sxva ierarqiuli xarisxebi.
msoflio eklesiaSi aRniSnulTa garda, agreTve arsebobda sammarTvelo
ierarqiis umaRlesi saepiskoposo xarisxebi egzarqosisa, primasisa, papisa,
arqiepiskoposisa, mitropolitisa da sxva titulebi. isini nawilobrivad
CvenSic arsebobdnen.
saqarTvelos eklesiis sammarTvelo ierarqiis gacnobamde ganvixiloT
Cveni eklesiis umaRles mesaWeTa uflebamosilebis ganvrcovbis areali anu
saqarTvelos eklesiis iursidiqciis sazRvrebi. amis gansazRvra saWiroa
Semdegi garemoebis gamo: Tanamedrove istorikosTa didi nawili qarTlis
kaTalikosis uflebamosilebis arealad, rogor wesi, miiCnevs mxolod
aRmosavleT saqarTvelos, romlis iurisdiqciaSic TiTqos ar Sedioda
dasavleT saqarTvelo. aseTi mdgomareobis gamo Znelia ganvsazRvroT rogorc
kaTalikosebis, iseve patriarqebis da sxva ierarqebis uflebamosilebis
sivrce. amitomac, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, ganvixiloT istoriuli
geografiis sakiTxebi saqarTvelos sapatriarqosTan dakavSirebiT.
rogorc Zveli qarTuli saistorio monacemebis, aseve, rac gansakuTrebiT
aRsaniSnavia, berZnul-bizantiuri saeklesio wyaroebis Tanaxmad, saqarTvelo,
anu iveria iyofoda or nawilad _ `zemo iveriad~ da `qvemo iveriad~, anu
`zemo qveyanad~ da `qvemo qveyanad~. `zemo iveriaSi~ anu `zemo qveyanaSi~
igulisxmeba aRmosavleT saqarTvelo. xolo qvemoSi dasavleT saqarTvelo,
Tumca zogjer ucxouri wyaroebi `zemo qveyanas~ uwodebdnen dasavleT
saqarTvelos,
xolo
`qvemos~
aRmosavleT
saqarTvelos.
amis
dasadastureblad arsebobs mravali
monacemi, amaTgan samagaliTod Cven
amovarCevT sams:
1. rogorc cnobili kanonisti n. durnovo aRniSnavs, konstantinopolis
msoflio sapatriarqom 1905 wels gamosca konstantinopolis sapatriarqo
arqivis
dokumentebis
seriis
III
tomi,
romelSic
zemoaRniSnulTan
dakavSirebiT miTiTebulia Semdegi: `iveriis qveyana gayofilia zemo da qvemo
nawilebad. zemo iverias miekuTvneba: imereTi, odiSi (samegrelo) da guria.
iverielebs ori kaTalikosi hyavT. uzenaess aqvs kaTedra 12 mociqulis
taZarSi, mcxeTaSi (TbilisTan axlos), meores, xolo umrwmess, biWvinTaSi
(afxazeTSi) RvTismSoblis taZarSi~1.
2. meore magaliTia XVII s-is ierusalimis patriarqis dosiTeosis Semdegi
cnoba: `iberiaSi ori avtokefaluri arqiepiskoposia, romelTac qarTvelebi
uwodeben kaTalikosebs. qvemo iberias, romelsac Zvelad kolxeTs da lazikas
uwodebdnen, aqvs eparqiebi imereTSi, guriaSi, samegreloSi, afxazeTSi,
svaneTsa
da
mesxeTis
nawilSi.
es
episkoposebi
eqvemdebarebodnen
konstantinopolis saydars fasidis mitropolitis saSualebiT... ase rom,
berZen keisar herakles Semdeg lev isavriosamde
qvemo iberia ukve iyo
avtokefaluri saarqiepiskoposo, magram Cven ar viciT, romeli imperatoris
qarTul
eklesias
hyolia
agreTve
mesame
kaTalikosic
`xunZeTis
kaTalikosis~ tituliT. aseTi wodeba hqonia XIV saukuneSi `xunZel
kaTalikos oqropirs~, rogorc sinas mTis xelnawerTa aRwerilobaSi werda
ivane javaxiSvili, Tuca es cnoba saeWvoa misi erTaderTobis gamo. Tu
xunZeTSi marTlac Camoyalibda `samitropolito erTeuli~, anu pirvel
ierarqi, romelsac Tavis iurisdiciaSi sxva episkoposebic hyavda, misi
arseboba albaT mxolod ramdenime aTeul weliwads gagrZelda, radganac
Temur
lengis
Semdeg
xunZeTi
da
mTeli
daRestani
TandaTanobiT
gamahmadianda. qarTveli batoniSvilebis TvalsazrisiT, dasavleT daRestnis
mTianeTi istoriulad qarTuli tomebiT iyo dasaxlebuli qarTuli
salaparako
eniT,
magram
gamahmadianebis
Semdeg
isini
TandaTanobiT
asimilirdnen aRmosavleT daRestnis tomebSi da qarTuli enac dakarges. es
cnobac saeWvod miiCneva, anu ufro sworad rom vTqvaT, Cveni istoriografiis
mouclelobis gamo kvleva am mimarTulebiT ar warmoebs. asea Tu ise, sinas
mTis xelnawerebSi `xunZeli kaTalikosis~ moxsenieba mniSvnelovani faqtia
qarTuli eklesiis samarTlis itoriisaTvis. ruis-urbnisis krebis Tanaxmad,
ukve
kaTalikosis
wodeba
hqonda
qarTuli
eklesiis
meTaurs
misi
daarsebisTanave IV s-Si. evstaT antioqielma `xeldasxmul hyo mas Sina
maTTvis episkoposi-kaTalikosi~6.
kaTalikosis wodeba saqarTvelosa da maxlobel qveynebSi berZnuli
wyaroebis mixedviT VI saukuneSi dadasturebuli faqtia, radganac prokofi
kesarieli dasavleT saqarTvelos qristianebis ambebis Txrobisas moixseniebs
am tituls (es qristianebi kaTalikoss eqvemdebarebian, romelic mosazRvre
mxareSi ijda)7. amJamad rusi saeklesio samarTlis mcodneebis mier miCneulia,
rom msoflioSi pirvelad kaTalikosis titulis moxsenieba ganekuTvneba 410
wels da igi ukavSirdeba babilonis selevkiis episkoposis saxels, romelic
sparseTis qristianul eklesias meTaurobda (da imyofeboda antioqiis
mTvarepiskoposis damokidebulebaSi, v.cipinis azriT nikeis I krebis me-6
kanonis Tanaxmad). babilonis selevkiis anu e.w. `sparseTis~ kaTalikosi im
dros Turme sargeblobda Zalze didi avtonomiiT, radganac bizantiasa da
sparseTs Soris saomari moqmedebis gamo sparseTis kaTalikosis kavSiri
antioqiis kaTedrasTan Zalze gaZnelebuli iyo. es sakaTalikoso anqioqiasTan
ganSorebis Semdeg Cavarda nestorianul eresSi da misma kaTalikosebma
YTavianT
Tavs
uwodes
agreTve
patriarqebi,
sruli
avtokefalobis
gamosaxatavad8.
v. cipinis mixedviT kaTalikosebs (kaTolikosebs) Zvelad uwodebdnen im
eklesiaTa meTaurebs, romelnic imyofebodnen bizantiis imperiis aRmosavleTi
sazRvrebis gareT. v. cipini wers - `maT garda kaTalikosis tituli hqondaT
somxeTis eklesiis pirvel ierarqebs. msoflio marTlmadideblobisagan maTi
ganSorebis Semdeg kaTalikosis pativi aiRes qarTvelma pirvelierarqebma,
romelnic antioqiaze iyvnen damokidebulni, magram VIII saukunis Sua wlebidan
faqtobrivad TviTmyofadni iyvnen, Tumca mis avtokefalias ar cnobdnen
konstantinopolsa da antioqiaSi. somxur eklesiaSi kaTalikosis tituli
ufro maRali gaxda vidre patriarqisa~9.
v. cipini cdeba, roca qarTul eklesias mxolod VIII s-dan warmoadgens
TviTmyofadad. damoukidebloba mas aswleulobiT adre hqonda, v. cipins, iseve
rogorc sxva mraval mecniers, cnobebi aqvs erTmaneTSi areuli. kerZod
a. samitropolito olqi da
b. saarqiepiskoposo berZnul-bizantiuri saeklesio samarTlebrivi
gagebis Sesabamisad.
a. samitropolito olqi. upirveles yovlisa unda aRiniSnos, rom adgilobrivi
eklesiebis kanonikuri dafuZnebis istorias ver gaviazrebT, Tu ki sanaTadod
ar SevafasebT saeklesio centralizaciis im process, romelic daiwyo IV
saukuneSi da grZeldeboda ramdenime aseuli wlis manZilze.
`saeklesio centralizaciis procesi mimarTuli iyo iqiTken, rom
moeyvanaT saeklesio organizacia SesabamisobaSi im axal administraciul
dayofasTan, romelic romis imperiaSi Camoyalibda IV aswleulSi~14.
imperiaSi
Camoyalibebuli
wesis
Tanaxmad,
saeklesio
erTeulTa
iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi unda damTxveoda saxelmwifo-administraciuls. am
sazRvrebis dasadgenad unda ganvixiloT Tu ra saxiT iyo mowyobili romis
imperiis administraciuli dayofa. swored administraciul erTeulSi
vrceldeboda saeklesio erTeulis iurisdiqcia, es iyo sazogado kanoni,
Tumca,
cxadia,
arsebobda
gamonaklisebic,
gansakuTrebiT
imperiis
dedaqalaqebis irgvliv. wmida mociqulTaswori konstantine didis dros
imperia dayofili iyo oTx prefeqturad (oTx nawilad), TiToeuli prefeqtura
moicavda imperiis udides regionebs da Tavis mxriv es prefeqturebi
iyofodnen diocezebad, diocezebi ki provinciebad. Tavdapirveli mowyobis
saxe imperiisa iyo provinciuli e.i. imperia Tavdapirvelad ar iyo dayofili
prefeqturebad, mxolod
Semdgom imperiis dasustebis gamo marTvis
gaadvilebis mizniT gadawyvites prefeqturebisa da diocezebis Seqmna.
eklesiis
iurisdiqciac Sesabamisi iyo. Tavdapirvelad I-II saukuneebSi
eklesia ise unda yofiliyo mowyobili, rogorc amas moiTxovda mociqulTa
kanonebis 34-e muxli, kerZod, yovel `naTesavs~ anu eTnikur erTeuls unda
hqonoda Tavisi eklesia, hyoloda Tavisi episkoposebi, romelTa Sorisac unda
yofiliyo erTi gamorCeuli `pirveli~ episkoposi, laTinurad mas `primasi~
erqva. am `primass~ (pirvels) cnobda anu aRiarebda `naTesavis~ yvela
episkoposi. TandaTanobiT aseTi eklesiebi gadaiqcnen provinciis eklesiebad.
saqme is iyo, rom im droisTvis romis imperia provinciebis saxiT daiyo ise,
rom erT provinciaSi moeqca erTi eTnosi anu provinciaTa sazRvrebi gahyva
eTnikurs. v. cipini amasTan dakavSirebiT wers: `imperiis dayofam provinciebad
Semoinaxa mosaxleobis warsuli eTnikuri suraTis saxe. ase magaliTad,
provincia galatias saxeli warmomavlobs iq mosaxle xalxisagan
elinizebuli galatebisagan, xolo frigiis frigebisagan15. am provinciaTa
momcvel teritoriebze ufro adre arsebobda eklesiebi TavianTi `pirveli
episkoposebiT~ anu `primasebiT~, magram ukve IV saukunisTvis es iyo arqauli
tituli pirveli episkoposisa (maT nikeis epoqisaTvis TiTqmis yvelgan
mitropolitebi uwodes15.
`mitropolitis~ tituli qronologiurad nikeis epoqaSi gamoCnda. IV s.
dasawyisSi dioklitianes administraciuli reformis Semdeg, provinciaTa
ricxvis gazrdis gamo provinciaTa dedaqalaqebis e.i. mitropoliebis
episkoposebs TandaTan mitropolitis tituli miekuTvna. isini ukve gaxdnen
igive `xalxis (eris) pirveli episkoposebi~ (mociq. 34), rameTu, rogorc
2. patriarqi
msoflio sapatriarqoebi warmoiqmna saeklesio centralizaciis Sedegad,
patara provinciuli TavisTavadi eklesiebis gaerTianebiT romis imperiis
administraciuli dayofis Sesabamisad26. cnobili kanonisti, sardeli
mitropoliti maqsime werda: `yvela egzarqosi ar atarebda patriarqis
tituls, aramed mxolod isini, romelnic meTaurobdnen umTavres diocezebs
da amavdroulad warmoadgendnen umniSvnelovanesi qalaqebis episkoposebs. es
qalaqebi iyvnen politikuri centrebi anda gamoirCeodnen istoriuli
mogonebebiT, rogorc, magaliTad, ierusalimis episkoposi~27.
Zvelad
patriarqebi,
rogorc
cnobilia,
iyvnen
xuTni:
romis,
konstantinopolis,
aleqsandriis,
antioqiisa
da
ierusalimis,
magram
Tavdapirvelad am eklesiebis episkoposebi iwodebodnen ara patriarqebad,
aramed arqiepiskoposebad: aleqsandrieli episkoposi IV s. pirveli naxevridan,
romisa II naxevridan, qalkedonis krebis epoqaSi jer kdev ar arsebobda
`patriarqis~ pativi, yovel SemTvevaSi igi ar moixeneba am krebis kanonebSi.
patriarqis tituli gavrcelda VI saukuneSi (iqve, gv. 144).
sainteresoa, rom imave azrisaa somxuri istoriografia I aTaswleulisa,
magaliTad, uxtanesi da sxvebi. movses kalankatuaci patriarqis titulis
SemoRebasTan dakavSirebiT werda: `berZnebma Tqves, RmerTma daawesa cxra
xarisxi eklesiaSi, rogorc zeviT zecaSio, aseve unda iyos aqac, dedamiwaze
da saydarSi. patriarqi, romelic igive mamamTavaria, arqiepiskoposi, romelsac
episkoposTa
Tavs
uwodeben,
mitropolitebi,
episkoposebi,
mRvdlebi,
arqidiakvnebi, diakvnebi, wignis mkiTxvelebi, mefsalmuneni... patriarqni
mxolod oTxni iyvnen qveyanaze: aleqsandriisa markozis saydari, antioqiisa
maTesi, romisa lukasi da efesosi ioanesi... iustinianem Tavis gamefebis
Tanave wmida ioane maxareblis nawilebi konstantinopolSi gadaitana, da iq
samamamTavro taxti daawesa. ZiriTadi taxti ki efesoSi darCa. agreTve maTes
nawilebi antioqiidan ierusalimSi iqna gadatanili. Tan ambobda - `es qalaqi
didi mefis qalaqiao~, ZiriTadi taxti isev antioqiaSi datova. maSin aRiZrnen
erTianad gulzviadni da sadac ki aRsrulebulni iyvnen mociqulni, yvela
taxti sapatriaqod aRiares~28.
rogorc
aRniSnuli
iyo,
sapatriarqoebi
warmoiqmna
eklesiebis
centralizaciis Sedegad. saeklesio centralizaciis procesi iqiTken iyo
mimarTuli,
rom
moeyvanaT
saeklesio
organizacia
imperiis
axal
administraciul dayofasTan SesabamisobaSi, romelic Camoyalibda IV
aswleulSi. maSasadame normalur viTarebaSi provinciaTa eklesiebi unda
SeerTebuliyvnen diocezur eklesiebSi, Tavis mxriv ki diocezuri eklesiebi
unda gaerTianebuliyvnen prefeqturaTa eklesiebSi, maSasadame saboloo jamSi
unda Camoyalibebuliyo oTxi didi eklesia romis imperiis prefeqturaTa
ricxvis Sesabamisad. es procesi aseTi saxiT ganviTardeboda, magram misi
mimarTuleba Secvala imperiis dedaqalaqebis gavleniani saepiskoposoebis
arsebobam. sabolood aRmosavleTSi dedaqalaqebis garSemo gaerTianda
3. qorepiskoposi
pirveli qristianuli Temebi qalaqebSi daarsda. qalaqebis gareT
Tavdapirvelad Zalze mcire raodenobis qristianebi cxovrobdnen, isinic
qalaqebis kedlebTan axlos. TandaTanobiT aseT soflur adgilebSi
qristinebis ricxvma moimata, magram maT uWirdaT qalaqis eklesiaSi sakvirao
RvTismsaxurebaSi monawileoba. am moSorebuli adgilebis saWirobisaTvis
iniSnebodnen qorespiskoposebi, sityvasityviT niSnavs qveynis (berZnulad
`qora~) episkoposs - meTvalyures, zedamxedvels qveynisa, saqarTveloSi
5. moZRvarTmoZRvari
moZRvarTmoZRvari unda yofiliyo `rCulisa moZRvarTa~ da `wesis da
rCulisa maswavlebelTa~ uxucesi. am termins xmarobs giorgi merCule. sruli
terminia
ara
`moZRvari~,
aramed
`rCulis
moZRvari~
anu
kanonebis
ganmmartebeli, mcodne.
iv. javaxiSvilis gamokvleviT, darbazobis dros moZRvarT-moZRvars TviT
kaTalikoszedac meti upiratesoba hqonda miniWebuli, mefe movale iyo mas
ufro meti pativiT misalmeboda, vidre kaTalikozsa da vazirebs. saeklesio
wesrigis Sesabamisad, aseTi qmedeba auxsneli Cans, radganac qarTlis
kaTalikosi anu rac igivea saqarTvelos patriarqi yovelmxriv upiratesad
pativsacemia sxva yvela sasuliero pirTan SedarebiT. arc is SeiZleba
vifiqroT,
TiTqosda
saxelmwifo
xelisuflebam
upiratesoba
mianiWa
moZRvarTmoZRvars eklesiis pirvel mRvdelmTavTan SedarebiT da es
ukanaskneli (e.i. patriarqi) am qmedebas daeTanxma.
aq sxva viTarebasTan unda gvqondes saqme, piriqiT, unda vifiqroT, rom
esaa gamoxatva Zvel saqarTveloSi arsebul `moZRvrobis~ institutis pativis
migebisa.
xelmwifis karze anu saxelmwifo sabWoSi, darbazis wevr `did monazonTa~
jgufSi Semavali oTxi umaRlesi sasuliero ierarqi `berebad~ iwodeboda
(`oTx berTa~ jgufSi). `beri~ am SemTxvevaSi unda ixmarebodes ara am sityvis
Tanamedrove mniSvnelobiT, aramed, rogorc Cans, emsgavseba rusul eklesiaSi
dRes arsebul termins `~-s. `stareci~ esaa avtoritetuli moZRvari,
maswavlebeli rjulisa da ganmmartebeli kanonebisa, amave dros Tavisi
cxovrebis wesiT magaliTis mimcemia, misabaZia sxvaTaTvis. Zvel saqarTveloSi
mxolod am oTxeulis wevrebs ar ewodeboda `berebi~, aramed iseT
avtoritetebs qarTul eklesiisa, romlebic iyvnen `moZRvari~ grigol
xanZTeli, eqvTime da giorgi mTawmidelebi da sxvebi. qarTveli beris anu
iuridiuli `moZRvris~ mniSvneloba iseTive unda yofiliyo, rogoric aris
dResac somxur eklesiaSi mniSvneloba `vardapetisa~.
n. maris azriT somxuri wyaroebis mixedviT vardapeti aris ara mxolod
monazoni mamakaci, aramed aris maswavlebeli (moZRvari).
2. episkoposebisaTvis
gansakuTrebul
avtoritets
warmoadgenda
beri
moZRvari106, amitomac didi pativiscemiT epyrobodnen mas.
3. mefec aseve udidesi pativiscemiT epyroboda ber-moZRvrebs, uqmnida maT
sagangebo pirobebs dasvenebisTvis. magaliTad, bagrat IV-m saqarTveloSi
Camosul ber-moZRvars giorgi mTawmidels samyofelad miuCina `adgilni
Suenierni, lavrani didebulni gansasveneblad da sayofelad missa.
pirvelad-neZvi qarTls Sina da Semdgomad mciredisa-Satberdi, didebuli
lavra klarjeTs Sina107.
4. saqarTvelos umaRles xelisuflebas da sazogadoebriv azrs moZRvrebi
(berebi) miaCndaT mociqulTa memkvidreebad swavla-Segonebis mxriv.
amitomac, magaliTad, mefe bagrat IV ase SesTxovda moZRvars giorgi
mTawmidels: `wmidao mamao, amisTvis movaSvreT siwmide Tqveni, raTa
naklulevaneba da cToma uweso aRmohfxvra sruliad sulTagan CvenTa.
dafaruli dafarulad gvamxile, xolo cxadi Tvaluxvavad gangvimarte,
rameTu raca mibrZanos mamobaman Senman, esreT Seviwynaro, viTarca
pirisagan wmidaTa mociqulsa~107.
agreTve beri-moZRvrebi (berebi) miaCndaT pirvel patriarqTa (abraamis,
isaakis da iakobis) memkvidreebad. magaliTad, gabriel dafanCuli SesTxovda
wmida grigol xanZTels ase ekurTxebina misi Svilebi: `wmidao RmerTo,
akurTxen eseni wmidaTa xelTa SenTa dasxmiTa. viTarca israel iosebis Zeni
akurTxna, agreTve Sen yoveli Svilni Cvenni akurTxen Cven mSobelTa maTTa
Tana!~108.
saqarTvelos umaRles wreebSi miaCndaT, rom Svilebis sworad aRzrdis
saqmeSi moZRvrebis locvasa da maswavleblobas aqvs udidesi mniSvneloba.
amitomac aSot kurapalatma, gabriel dafanCulma (`mefis aznaurma~)
saqarTvelos mefem bagrat IV-m TavianTi Svilebi daalocvines grigol
xanZTelsa da giorgi mTawmidels: `da moiyvana Ze Tvsi giorgi ufliswuli
(mefeman bagrat) da xeli misi xelsa STaudva da hrqva: - `aha, mogcem sulsa
amis ymisasa da winaSe RmrTisa gTxov!~ xolo man akurTxa, da uloca da hrqva
viTarmed: - `RmerTman oriTave cxorebiTa adiden, viTarca didi konstantine
da daumorCilen yovelni mterni misni!~109. ufliswuli giorgi mTawmidelma
ara marto sityvierad akurTxa, aramed misca mas werilobiTi samoZRvro
darigeba, Tu rogori saxiT unda warmarTuliyo Semdgomi misi aRzrdaganaTlebis
saqme.
mematiane
wers:
`da
viTarca
Svenoda,
swavlani
RmrTivsulierni da mcnebani saRmrToni aRuwerna da miscna, raTa samaradisod
ikiTxvides da iwvrTides da raTa uwesoTa kacTa ujero rame ara aswaon~109.
ufro adre, moZRvar grigol xanZTels mefe aSot kurapalatma sTxova: `maSin
kurapalatman hrqva mamasa grigols: - mefeTa israelisaTa Jamad-Jamad
winaswarmetyveli aRudginis RmerTman siqadulad maTa da zRuded Sjulisa
da Sesawevnelad morwmuneTa da samxilebelad urwmunoTa. egreTve JamTa
CvenTa Sen gamogaCina RmerTman qristeaneTa siqadulad da raTa maradis
iRvwide CvenTvis wmidiTa locviTa SeniTa winaSe qristesa da wmidaTa misTa.
xolo man hrqua:L daviT winaswarmetyvelisa da uflisa mier cxebulisa
Svilad wodebulo xelmwifeo! mefoba da saTnoebanica misni dagimkvidren
qristeman RmerTman, romlisaTvisca amas mogaxseneb: ara moakldes mTavroba
SvilTa SenTa da naTesavTa maTTa qveyanaTa amaT ukunisamde JamTa, aramed
anu sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, moZRvari araa mRvdeli anu mxadeli-moqadage
winaswarmetyveli. aramed, rogorc aRiniSna, pirvelqristianTa maswavlebeli,
romelsac didaqeSi pirdapir ewodeba - `moZRvari~ - maswavlebeli. `didaqes~
mixedviT, Cans, pirvel qristianul saukuneebSi erTmaneTis gverdiT arsebuli
episkoposTa, diakonTa, winaswarmetyvelTa (igive mRvdelTa) da moZRvarTa
institutebi Tanaarsebobdnen da erT wmida saRmrTo saqmes aRasrulebdnen
warmarTTa Soris qristianobis gavrcelebis epoqaSi. magram xalxSi
qristianobis ganmtkicebis Semdgom, Cans, Tavisi funqciebi dakarga `moZRvarma~
- rogorc damoukidebelma subieqturma institutma es unda momxadariyo
romis da Semdeg bizantiis imperiaSi, magram, Cans, aRmosavleTis eklesiebSi
maT didxans SeinarCunes Tavisi damoukidebloba, somxeTSi gadaiqcnen
`vardapetad~, xolo qarTlSi cnobil `moZRvrad~.
SesaZloa vifiqroT, rom XI saukunis Semdeg, rac qarTuli eklesia
Seecada
ukiduresad
damsgavseboda
berZnuls,
risTvisac
ramdenjerme
redaqtirebul iqna wmida werili gamoica `didi sjuliskanoni~ da sxva,
berZnuli eklesiis gavleniT `moZRvrobis~ institutma dakarga funqcia ruisurbnisis krebis Sesabamisi muxlis akrZalviTac.
amis Semdeg `moZRvari~ ukve daerqva mRvdels, romelic am Tavis funqcias
ukve iRebda episkoposisagan xeldasmis Sedegad.
rogorc iTqva, moZRvrobis institutis Sekvecis sakompensaciod Cans
`moZRvarT-moZRvari~ viTarca didi Tanamdebobis piri Seiyvanes xelmwifis
karze `oTxTa berisagan~ Semdgar sabWoSi.
`axali aRTqmis mixedviT, ieso qriste Tavis miwieri moRvaweobis dros
moqmedebda rogorc `rabini~, anu moZRvari da mis mimdevrebs uwodebdnen
`mowafeebs~.
aseve
yofila
saxarebis
qadagebis
pirvel
periodSic,
qristianobis pirvel saukuneebSi. zogjer termini `mowafe~ termin qristianis
sinonimic iyo (`Tan gamogvyva agreTve zogierTi mowafe kesariidan da
mogviyvanes mnasonTan, erT Zvel kviprosel mowafesTan, visTanac Rame unda
gagveTia~, saqme, 21, 16. agreTve sxva magaliTebi saqme 9 da 10). adreuli
qristianuli Temi Tavis Tavs ganixilavda rogorc skolas, sadac is iRebda
swavlebas erTiani moZRvrisagan~ - ieso qristesagan126.
moZRvreba e.i. maswavlebloba varaudobs ara marto informaciis miwodebas
qristesTan dakavSirebul swavlebasa da movaleobebze, aramed maT ganmartebas
ise, rom misawvdomi iyos aRTqmisaTvis sxvadasxva sazogadoebasa da
kulturebSi. wmida pavle mociquli ambobs: `iudevelebisaTvis gavxdi, rogorc
iudeveli, raTa iudevelebi SemeZina, rjulis qveS myofTaTvis, rogorc
rjulis qveS myofi, Tumca TviTon rjulis qveS ara myofi, raTa rjulis qveS
rjulSi myofni SemeZina...~ (I kor. 9, 20-22).
ieso niSnavs mociquls, winaswarmetyvelebsa da moZRvrebs (I kor, 13, 28),
romelTac avalebs gadmoscen ara Tavisi sakuTari ideebi an sakuTari sibrZne,
aramed samociqulo WeSmariteba qristes aRdgomis Sesaxeb127.
I_II saukuneebSi moZRvrebi (maswavleblebi) asrulebdnen ZiriTad rols
adgilobrivi Temebis cxovrebaSi. mosanaTlebs an kaTakmevelebs unda gaevloT
sagangebo momzadeba qristianuli Temis wevrad rom mieRoT. maswavleblebi
pirvel yovlisa aq iyo saWiro. kaTakmevlebis damrigeblebi iyvnen
gansakuTrebuli `maswavleblebi~, anu didaskalos Tanamedrove RvTismetyvelis
msgavsni. qadageba mimarTuli evqaristuli Temisadmi liturgiis dros
saboloo daskvna
mitropoliti anania jafariZe
saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebi
wigni I. sakanonmdeblo krebebi XII-XX ss
saeklesio samarTali saukuneTa manZilze Seiswavleba marTlmadidebel
msoflioSi, CvenSi is SedarebiT axali samecniero dargia, amitomac
Sesabamisad mniSvnelovania saqarTvelos saeklesio krebebis mier gamocemuli
samarTlis Zeglebis erTad Tavmoyra da maTi analizi. naSromSi `saqarTvelos
saeklesio krebebi~ gamovlenili, gaanalizebuli da Seswavlili iqna IV-XX
saukuneebSi Semdgari ramdenime aTeuli saeklesio kreba, isini daiyo
7.
vaxtang
VI-m
`igulismodgina
da
Semokribna
yovelni
wignni
samarTlisani, romelni JamTa viTarebiTa mimodabneuli iyo. es yoveli moiZia,
ipova da moiSova friadiTa SromiTa~. vaxtang VI-m Seqmna samarTlis wignTa
cnobili krebuli da Tavisi SemoqmedebiTi namuSavevi daamtkicebina krebas,
romelic Sedgeboda kaTalikosisa da episkoposebisagan. umaRles sasuliero
ierarqiasTan
erTad
krebas,
viTarca
saxelmwifo
darbazis
sxdomas,
eswrebodnen didebulni da darbaiselni. vaxtangs 1706-1709 wlebSi Semdgari
krebis `damowmeba da nebadarTva~ esaWiroeboda, raTa misi `samarTali~
qveyanaSi amoqmedebuliyo. samarTlis im muxlebs, romelTac eklesiisaTvis
mniSvneloba hqonda Tan vurTavT aRniSnul krebas.
8. mahmadianTa mmarTvelobisas 1632-1744 wlebSi, aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
socialurad da ekonomikurad dauZlurda qarTuli eklesia da sazogadod
Seirya qristianuli zneobriobis siwminde, amitomac samefo taxtze Teimuraz
pirvelis, viTarca qristiani mefis, asvlis Semdeg marTlmadidebelma eklesiam
aRidgina Tavisi uflebebi. saqmis swrafi gamosworebis mizniT kaTalikosi
anton I ramdenime weli amzadebda da 1748 wels moiwvia kreba, romelsac Cven
`Tbilisis III saeklesio kreba~ vuwodeT (Tbilisis I da II krebebi Sedga XII
saukuneSi da maT kanonebi ar gamouciaT). 1748 wels krebam gamosca samarTlis
Zegli, romelsac `kanonni~ uwoda. iyofa 27 muxlad.
9. 1759 wels imereTis mefe solomon I-ma moiwvia saeklesio kreba, romelic
saxelmwifo darbazis sxdomas warmoadgenda, masSi eklesiis umaRles
ierarqTa da episkoposebTan erTad monawileobda dasavleT saqarTvelos mefemTavrebi da didebulebi. krebam akrZala tyveTa syidva, aRadgina saepiskoposo
kaTedrebi, daubruna eklesias iqamde mitacebuli mamulebi, gadasaxadisagan
gaaTavisufla saeklesio ymebi, aukrZala saero xelisufalT saeklesio
mflobelobaSi Careva. gamosca `xeliTwerili~, romelic umkacresad krZalavs
tyveTa syidvas, Seicavs mowodebas mahmadiani agresorebis winaaRmdeg
brZolisaken, avaldebulebs Tavis moqalaqeebs saTanado pativi miagon
`sarwmunoebasa da mefis erTgulebisaTvis Tavdadebuls~.
10. XVIII s. II naxevarSi erovnul-qristianuli saxelmwi-foebriobis
aRdgenis
Semdeg
saeklesio
krebebma
kvlav
daibrunes
mahmadianTa
mmarTvelobis dros dakninebuli uflebani da gamosces Sesabamisi zneobrivi
saxis dadgenilebani. 1762 wels gamoica `dadgenilebani saeklesio krebisa
saepiskoposoTa marTvis Sesaxeb~, 1768 wels gamoica mefe erekle II-isa da
anton I-is `gansazRvreba~ episkoposTa mimarT: `mcneba mRvdelTaTvis~, Seicavs
35 muxls, 1777 wels afxazeTis kaTalikosma maqsimem gamosca miTiTeba Tavis
samwysos mimarT, romelic Seicavs 10 muxls, 1793 wels gamoica `kanonTa
ganmweseba codvilTaTvis anton II-is mier~, Seicavs 10 muxls.
10-15. naSromSi ganxilulia saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis
Semdeg Semdgari sakanonmdeblo krebaTa mier gamocemuli marTva-gamgeobis
debulebani~ (1917, 1920, 1927, 1937(1945), 1995 wlebisa, mocemulia debulebaTa
sruli teqstebi).
am
droisaTvis
saqarTvelos
dakarguli
hqonda
damoukidebloba,
saxelmwifo
wyobileba
aTeisturi
mimarTulebisa
iyo,
eklesia
saxelmwifosagan kanonmdeblobiT iyo gamoyofili, xolo skola eklesiisagan.
marTlac XX s-Si Semdgari yvela sakanonmdeblo kreba aCvenebs, rom
saqarTvelos eklesias am periodSi ukve mTlianad aqvs dakarguli
saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis niSan-Tvisebani, misi samarTali mTlianadaa
ZiriTadi daskvna.
mZime sagareo da saSinao viTarebiT gamowveul danaSaulTa sixSirisa da
siRrmis gamo, romelTa aRmosafxvrelad sakmarisi ar iyo saero xelisufalTa
(mefisa da erisTavTa) Zalaufleba, saWiro gaxda eklesiis avtoriteti da misi
qmediTi Careva, ramac asaxva hpova samarTlis ZeglebSi. saxelmwifoSi
eklesiis rolis amaRlebis gamo saero samarTlisa da samoqalaqo cxovrebis
mTeli rigi sakiTxebi kanonikuri samarTlis normebiT wesrigdeboda da
saeklesio sasamarTloebis kompetencias Seadgenda.
(mTel qveyanaSi kaTalikosisa da regionebSi episkoposebis iurisdiqciis
Sesaxeb migviTiTebs mawyvereli episkoposis magaliTi: awyuris episkoposis
sasamarTlos eqvemdebareboda mTeli rigi mniSvnelovani sisxlisa da
samoqalaqo samarTlis saqmeebi, igi, aTabagTan erTad, axorcielebda umaRles
sasamarTlo xelisuflebas, mis kompetenciaSi Sedioda mZime saxelmwifo
danaSauli. aTabagisa da mawyverelis sasamarTlo xelisufleba SeerTebuli
iyo da mas sisxlis samarTlis dargSi Sereuli xasiaTi hqonda, amasTanave
eklesia awesrigebda samoqalaqo, saojaxo da memkvidreobiT urTierTobebsac).
saqarTvelos eklesiam Tavidanve SeiZina saxelmwifoebrivi sxeulis niSanTvisebani, amitomac misi samarTlebrivi mxare saxelmwifo samarTalTan iyo
dakavSirebuli da zogierT periodSi saeklesio samarTlis iurisdiqcia
saero saqmeebzec vrceldeboda. rogorc wesi, (garda ramdenime mniSvnelovani
gamonaklisisa) saqarTveloSi saeklesio krebas warmoadgenda saxelmwifo
darbazis sxdoma. kerZod, saeklesio sakiTxebis garCevis anda ganxilvis dros
saxelmwifo darbazi gardaiqmneboda saeklesio krebad. amis uflebas iZleoda
is garemoeba, rom saxelmwifo darbazis meTaurebi iyvnen saxelmwifos
upirvelesi
pirebi:
ori
kaTalikosi
(e.i.
qarTlisa
da
afxazeTis
kaTalikosebi), mwignobarTuxuces-Wyondideli da moZRvarT-moZRvari, xolo
darbaiselTa Soris mniSvnelovan nawils warmoadgendnen episkoposebi da
sasuliero pirebi. krebas am SemadgenlobiT (e.i. sasuliero da saero pirebis
monawileobiT) ufleba eniWeba mefis TanamonawileobiT an brZanebiT
saeklesio sakiTxebis gadaWrisa. e.i. saTanado SemTxvevebSi darbazis kari
viTarca saeklesio kreba iRebda da scemda Sesabamis kanonebsa da
dadgenilebebs, romelic ara mxolod saeklesio, aramed saero samarTlis
sferos ganekuTvneboda da gamoxatavda saero da sasuliero Zalauflebis
erTobas.
wigni II.
nawili I. saqarTvelos eklesiis mimdinare krebebi IV-XIII ss
1995 wlis saeklesio krebis mier gamocemuli eklesiis marTva-gamgeobis
debulebis II Tavis me-20 muxlis Tanaxmad, wmida sinodis erT-erT movaleobas
Seadgens
`saeklesio
kanonebis
krebulebis
gamocema~.
am
muxlis
aRsasrulebel samuSaos warmoadgens qvemdebare Sroma. radganac yvela Cvens
mier ganxilul sakanonmdeblo da mimdinare krebis analizs Tan erTvis
krebis mier gamocemuli samarTlis Zegli. amitomac Cveni naSromi amasTanave
warmoadgens saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonebis krebuls.
erTad Tavmoyrili saqarTvelos saeklesio kanonebis gamocema da maTi
analizi pirvelad xdeba Cvens saistorio mecnierebaSi. am mxriv naSromi
garkveul siaxles warmoadgens. saeklesio kanonebis moZiebas sapatriarqo,
saeparqio arqivebsa da sxvadasxva ganyofilebebSi, aseve aqamde gamocemul
Sesabamis saistorio wyaroebis korpusebSi dasWirda mravali weli.
sakanonmdeblo krebebi ganxilulia am naSromis pirvel wignSi (Tb, 2003),
xolo winamdebare wignSi ganxilulia mimdinare krebebi.
naSromSi safuZvlianadaa ganxiluli saqarTvelos mimdinare saeklesio
krebebi IV-XVIII saukuneebSi:
1. `episkoposTa Sekrebani mefe mirianisa da vaxtang gorgasalis dros (IVV ss.). sxvadasxva qarTuli wyaros cnobiT episkoposTa Sekrebebi IV
saukunidanve ucxo ar iyo qarTuli eklesiisaTvis, kerZod, episkoposebi
Seikribnen mefe mirianis anderZis mosmenisas, aseve vaxtang gorgaslis
ucxoeTidan samSobloSi dabrunebisas. episkoposebi eswrebodnen saxelmwifo
darbazis sxdomas, romelmac Crdilo kavkasiaSi laSqroba daadgina,
episkoposebi Seikribnen jer kidev vaxtang gorgasalis mier ganxorcielebul
saeklesio reformamde, kerZod, isini miqael mTavarepiskoposis gverdiT
imyofebodnen qvemo qarTlSi erT-erTi sarwmunoebrivi sakiTxis ganxilvisas.
Tu ramdenad sandoa wyaroTa cnobebi CvenSi saeklesio reformamde
saepiskoposoTa arsebobis Sesaxeb, gaanalizebulia naSromSi da miRebulia
daskvna, rom Tuki qarTuli eklesia, viTarca saeklesio organizacia
namdvilad arsebobda mefe mirianis Semdeg vaxtangis saeklesio reformamde,
imJamindeli saeklesio kanonebis Tanaxmad mas uTuod unda hyoloda ramdenime
episkoposi, romelTa krebasac unda gamoeCina maT Soris pirveli da emarTa
eklesia. rac wyaroTa cnobebiTac dasturdeba. maSasadame, wyaroTa cnobebi
qarTul eklesiaSi mravali saepiskoposos arsebobis Sesaxeb sandoa da
eTanadeba msoflio eklesiaSi imJamad arsebul wesebs.
2. dvinis saeklesio kreba (506 w.). marTalia somxeTis saeklesio centr
dvinSi mowveuli kreba ar SeiZleba miviCnioT saqarTvelos saeklesio krebad,
magram radganac masSi monawileobda qarTlis kaTalikosi sxva 23 qarTvel
wigni III.
nawili I. mimdinare krebebi XIX-XX ss
naSromSi ganxilulia XIX-XX saukuneebSi Semdgari 50-ze meti saeklesio
kreba. isini dayofili iqna sam mTavar jgufad: 1) krebebi, romelnic Sedga
avtokefaliis gauqmebidan mis aRdgenamde; 2) 1917 wels Semdgari avtokefaliis
aRmdgeni krebebi; 3) krebebi 1918-1995 wlebisa.
avtokefaliis gauqmebis Semdeg, mTel XIX saukuneSi, ar Semdgara namdvili
warmomadgenlobiTi sruliad saqaRTvelos saeklesio kreba (am SemTxvevaSi
saqarTvelos saegzarqosos saeklesio kreba), mizezi amisa iyo is, rom TviT
ruseTSi, XVIII s. dasawyisidan, ruseTis sapatriarqos gauqmebis Semdeg,
xelisufalTa nebiT ar Catarebula sruliad ruseTis saeklesio kreba, magram
saeparqio saeklesio krebebi Zalze mravali iyo, maT Soris saqarTvelos
saegzarqosos teritoriazec. xelisufalTa mier nebadarTul aseTi Sekrebebis
dros, gansakuTrebiT ki XX s. dasawyisSi, qarTveli sasuliero pirebi
xelsayrel viTarebas xelidan ar uSvebdnen da gabedulad ayenebdnen
Tavdapirvelad skolebsa da eklesia-monastrebSi qarTuli enis, Semdeg ki
sruliad saqarTvelos momcveli eklesiis avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxs.
imJamad saqarTvelo, viTarca erTiani administraciuli erTeuli ar
arsebobda,
igi
danawilebuli
iyo
sxvadasxva
guberniaSi,
amitomac
samRvdeloebam miznad daisaxa rogorme ruseTis imperiaSi Seqmniliyo erTiani
administraciuli erTeuli `saqarTvelo~, romelsac garkveuli avtonomiuri
uflebebi eqneboda. es erTeuli unda yofiliyo safuZveli Semdegdroindeli
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliisa (saeklesio kanonebis Sesabamisad
eklesiis avtokefaliis erT umTavres safuZvlad erTiani saxelmwifo an
saxelmwifoebrivi erTeuli iTvleba, romlis sazRvrebsac Tan unda gahyves
eklesiis iurisdiqciis sazRvrebi).
qarTveli avtokefalistebi xelSemwyob umTavres argumentad miiCevdnen im
faqts, rom ukve arsebobda erTiani saeklesio administraciuli erTeuli
`saqarTvelos saegzarqoso~, swored mis bazaze unda aSenebuliyo momavali
saqarTvelos erTiani sakaTalikoso, romelic eklesiurad gaaerTianebda
dasavleT da aRmosavleT saqarTvelos. saeklesio krebebze uSiSrad
wamoyenebul saqarTvelos avtonomiisa da eklesiis avtokefaliis ideebs rusi
saeklesio moRvaweebi da saimperio wreebi separatizmad naTlavdnen. daiwyo
Sesabamisi represiebi.
1917 wlis Tebervlis revoluciam daamxo saimperatoro xelisufleba,
romelic xels uSlida saqarTvelos avtokefaliis aRdgenis sakiTxis
gadaWras.
xelsayreli
viTarebiT
myisierad
isargebla
qarTvelma
samRvdeloebam, uswrafesad moiwvia 25 marts saeklesio kreba sveticxovelSi,
romelmac aRadgina avtokefalia. es iyo rTuli procesi, romelic dasrulda
imave wlis seqtembris TveSi saqarTvelos I saeklesio krebis mowveviT da
kaTolikos-patriarqis arCeviT.
mravalsaukunovani
cxovrebiT
iyvnen
erTmaneTTan
SeTvisebuli
da
Sexorcebuli.
saeklesio kreba hfiqrobs, rom eklesiisa da saxelmwifos urTierTisagan
ganSoreba TavisTavad ar warmoadgens saSiSroebas iq, sadac amisTvis
momzadebulia sazogadoebrivi azrovneba, sadac saxelmwifosa da eklesias
SeuZliaT urTierTobis dauxmareblad moawyon sasurvelad orivesaTvis
saerTo sazrunavi sagani eris keTili cxovreba.
saeklesio krebis azriT, Cven jer kidev ver varT imdenad momzadebuli,
rom
erTmaneTis
dauxmarebliv
SevZloT
mSobeli
eris
samsaxuri,
gansakuTrebiT dRes, roca `samkali friad aris, xolo muSakni mcired~ (mat. 9,
37). eklesiis daxmareba da TanamSromloba dResac did samsaxurs gauwevda
saxelmwi-foebrivi simtkicisa da Zlierebis Seqmnis saqmes~.
amgvari
Sesavlis
Semdgom,
saeklesio
kreba
acxadebda,
rom
saxelmwifosagan eklesiis gamijvnis sakiTxi referendumis gziT unda
gadawyvetiliyo. misi azriT, am sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT Tavad ers unda mieRo
gadawyvetileba. kreba imasac uSvebda, rom SesaZlebeli iyo xelisuflebas
referendumamde arc ki mieyvana saqme da Tavad gadaewyvita saxelmwifosagan
eklesiis gamocalkeveba. am SemTxvevaSi kreba iSveliebda ra wmida pavle
mociqulis sityvebs: `xelmwifebasa mas umTavresisasa daemorCilen~ (rom. 13, 1),
emorCileba damfuZnebeli krebis uzenaes nebas. am SemTxvevaSi eklesia
iTxovda
rac
SeiZleba
umtkivneulod
momxdariyo
es
gamocalkeveba
saxelmwifosagan da iseTi ram `uflebrivi pirobani~ SemuSavebuliyo, rom am
gamijvnis Semdeg eklesias Tavis samarTlebrivi uflebebi hqonda qveyanaSi.
yvelaferTan erTad, eklesia zemoxsenebul uflebebSi saarsebo wyaros
gaTvaliswinebasac gulisxmobda. saxelmwifos unda ezruna ruseTisagan
iveriis eklesiisaTvis warTmeuli qonebis dabrunebaze. amasTan, Tavis mxriv
TviTon saxelmwifosac unda daemtkicebina eklesiisaTvis Tavisi saeklesio
qoneba.
miRebuli dadgenileba daegzavna saqarTvelos mTavrobis Tavmjdomares,
baton noe nikolozis-Ze Jordanias da damfuZnebeli krebis Tavmjdomaris
ufros amxanags aleqsandre spirodonis-Ze lomTaTiZes (sapatriarqos arqivi, II
saeklesio kreba).
eklesiis gaugonari devna daiwyo 1921 wlis 25 Tebervlis, saqarTvelos
xelmeore okupaciis Semdeg. ssrk-Si eklesia saxelmwifosagan, xolo
eklesiisagan skola ara Tu gamoiyo, aramed aTeistur saxelmwifos surda
eklesia faqtiurad gadaeqcia usaxsro kerZo organizaciad, Tumca ki grZnobda
mis Sinagan Zalas da garkveuli SiSiT epyroboda. bolSevikebma ver gabedes
saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis xelyofa mas Semdegac ki, rac genuis
konferenciis
saSualebiT
saqarTvelos
kaTalikos-patriarqma
ambrosi
xeliaiam mimarTa evropisa da msoflios qveynebs yuradReba miepyroT
qarTveli xalxis umZimesi yofisaTvis imperiul saxelmwifoSi da aRedginaT
misi saxelmwifoebrivi damoukidebloba. am dros mravali saeklesio krebidan
Canda, rom devnili eklesiis sasuliero wodeba or jgufad gaiyo.
loialurad ganwyobilma nawilma IV krebis Semdeg rogorRac SeZlo
moegvarebina urTierToba saxelmwifosTan.
1991
wlis
Semdeg,
rac
aRsdga
saqarTvelos
saxelmwi-foebrioba,
saqarTvelos eklesias konstituciiT ar mieniWa, `erovnuli~ anda `saxalxo~
eklesiis statusi, rogorc amas iTvaliswinebs evropis mravali demokratiuli
I.
.
.
.
, IV-XX
,
. , ,
. , ,
. , ()
. , , -
.
, .
15 , XII-XX ., 21
, IV-XVIII , 50 , XIX-XX
. , 7 ,
.
, XII-XVIII
.
1. - 1103 (1104) ;
19 .
.
.,
. , .,
,
.
. .
.
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, .
.
, -,
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.
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( ), .
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, 170 .
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(moqceva qarTlisa) ,
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(102 ).
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9 . I , 325
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(553 .) . ,
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(691 .) ()
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(787) () .
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METROPOLIT ANANIA JAPARIDZE
CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA
Basic Conclusion
Due to a frequency and a depth of crimes caused by heavy foreign and internal circumstances, for
rooting out of which the state power (i.e. the powers of the King and of the nobility) seemed to be
insufficient, to exercise the Churchs authority and its effective involvement has become necessary,
that was reflected in the juristic science. Owing to an increased role of the Church in the States affairs
number of issues related to the State Law and the everyday civilian life were regulated by norms of the
canonic law, within the limits of competence of the Church Courts.
(To make a clear idea about the powers of the Catholicos throughout the country and of the
bishops in the region we may consider an example of the Atskuri Bishop: A large number of important
criminal and civil cases were subordinated to the competence of the Court of the Atskuri Bishop, who
had exercised the supreme legal powers together with Atabagi. His limits of authority covered also the
major state crimes. The powers of Atabagi and of the Atskuri Bishop were integrated and had a
certainly mixed nature as regards to the criminal cases. At the same time the Church regulated the civil,
family and heritage-related matters).
The Georgian Church from the very beginning obtained the features of a state establishment.
Therefore, its legal aspects were closely connected with the State Law. As a rule (not taking into
account some major exceptions), the Church Synod (Council) in Georgia represented a State Darbazi
(The State Council Sitting). For instance, while considering or discussing on the church-related matters,
the State Darbazi was transforming into the Church Synod. This was promoted by the fact that the
leaders of the State Darbazi the clergy were the top officials of the State: two catholicoses:
Catholicos of Kartli and Catholicos of Abkhazeti, Mtsignobartukhutsesi-Tchkondideli and head of
Bishops, while the significant part of the Darbazi members were the bishops and the other priest. The
Synod of such the membership (with participation of both civil and church officials) was empowered
(with a participation or by an order of the King) to resolve the church related matters, i.e. the Darbazi
as the Church Synod adopted and issued the Church Laws and Orders, belonging not only to the
Church sphere, but to the Civil Law, too and expressing the integrity of the State and Church Powers.
CURRENT CHURCH SYNODS IN GEORGIA
An analysis of Church Synods (Both Legislative and current ones) based upon reviewing the
Church Laws illustrates that the Georgian Church from the very beginning of its formation was a
singled-out church unit, independent from other churches. Since the IV century a process of integration
of the church and the state (civil) power has started. This fact is well-illustrated in Moktsevai
Kartlisai, that says that the head bishop Glonikor is Mtskheta was considered to be Eristavi of Kartli
and Hereti region (the highest State person). According to Arsen Sapareli, in the times of governance of
Persian, the same right were granted to the Church of Armenia Within the period of legal chaos of
governance of Arabs, who controlled only partially some regions of Georgia and Georgian State Power
has not been yet formed completely, the Georgian Church enabled to subordinate under its jurisdiction
both the civil and the church powers. According to ecclesiastical laws of that time, the bishop was
considered a Second King and a creator of the Christian legal norms (see Article 102 of the Legal
Code of Bagrat Kurapalati). Perhaps, this factor caused an integrated civil-and-church nature of powers
of Kakheti cor-episkopian unit, subordination of civil-and-church powers by Head Bishop of Samtskhe
Giorgi Shuartklerli and by cor-bishops (representatives of the Bishop) of Svaneti and mountainous
regions of the Eastern Georgia under their jurisdiction. We think that the same rights were granted to
the bishops of Chkondidi in Abkhaseti, to whom the Byzantian Emperor has granted various titles of
honor (Svingeloz, Protoupertimoc) until Georgias unification. Since the times Georgia has become
an unifed state, the above mentioned situation of the Church reflected also on the state (civil)
governance. One of the clear examples is fact that Mtsignobartukhutsesi-Chkondideli has become a
leader of the State Power. This fact is analyzed in details in the given Work. A fact of integration of the
church and civil powers is a type of conversation of church synods in Ancient Georgia. As a rule (there
are Large number of examples in the Work in this regards) the State Darbazi (council) when
considering the church-related matters was transformed into the Church Synod and adopted the church
canons. Sittings of the Darbazi were held in Kinggs Palace and all the laws adopted were considered
as the highest legislative norms (according to Kartlis Tskhovreb).
There words of an annalist are confirmed by our surveys, as well. As a result of a an analysis of
number of church synods we came to conclusion that a main reason of this unusual fact was an until of
civil and church powers.
GEORGIAN BISHOPS ON ECUMENICAL COUNCILS
Basic Conclusion
The work considers the Ecumenical Councils and the other ones having an international
importance, in which Bishops from Georgia were participated. The work consists of 9 chapters.
The first chapter describes the I Ecumenical Council held in Nikea in 325 a.d., in which two
Georgian bishops Stratophyl from Pitsunda and Domnus from Trapezund were participated. The
canons of II Ecumenical Council (381 a.d.) were signed by the Iberian bishop Pantophiler. In formation
of a sprint of III Ecumenical Council (431 a.d.) the bishop Ieremia of a so called Persian part of
Kartli took part. Bishop of Sebastopol and Bishop of Atarve were the participants of IV Ecumenical
Council.
A separate chapter of the Work is devoted to consideration of an issue related to participation of
the bishop Ioane from petra in the V Ecumenical Council and the bishops from Phazisi and Sebastopol.
The Chapter provides a detal analysis of historical chronicles and sources, from which it becomes clear
that the lazi Bishops from Western Georgia were subordinated to the jurisdiction of the Catholikos
from Mtskheta, mentioned by Prokophi from Kessaria. In tat times the so called settlements of
Western Georgia, excluding some forts (towns) of Rome-Greece origin located at the seashore of the
Black Sea were also under the jurisdiction of the Catholicos of Kartli. Beginning from 620-30 a.d. as a
result of military campaign of Byzantian Emperor Heraclus to Persia, when the emperor has
subordinated to his jurisdiction a part of the territory of Kartli (from Klarjeti to the river of Kelasuri),
the Patriarchy of Konstantinopolis has finally covered under its jurisdiction these lands of Wstern
Georgia.
According to Georgian sources, VI Economical (681 a.d.) confirmed many rights of Georgian
Church, including the right to name itself as the Church of the patriarch and the right of Catholicos of
Kartli to be equal with Patriarch and acknowledge the holly spirit of Georgian Church of Mtskheta
equally with the catholic Churches. VI Ecumenical Council has also determined the boundaries of
jurisdiction of Georgian Church. A separated chapter is devoted to the study of this matter. It has been
proved that while the Catholicoses of Armenia and Albania had a title of Patriarch, the same title,
obviously, was granted to Georgian Patriarch, as well. The Georgian Nomokanon says the Church
Canons of so called Trule Council (691 a.d.) were signed by the bishop Teodor from Poti (Phazisi)
and Bishop Ioane from Tsikhisdziari.
This matter is provided in a separate of the Work.
A separate chapter is devoted also to VII Ecumenical Council (787 a.d.) the resolution of which
was signed by bishop Christopore of Phazisi and Trapezund.
A separate chapter describes a participation of Georgian Bishops in Ferrera-Phlorenzia Council
(1481 a.d.). The latter was not called a Ecumenical Council. It was a one in which the bishops from
Konstantinopolis, Antiokia, Jerusalem and other orthodox churches, including the Russian Church,
were taking part. Resolution of this Council was not signed by Georgian delegation at all. According to
Georgian Chronicles, the Council was attended by the Bishop Daniel from Akhtala, who represented
Kartli and the Bishop Iaacob from Shemokmedi, Abkhazeti.
The researches and studies performed within the frames of the present Work illustrates clearly that
beginning from I Ecumenical Council the Georgian Church had established close contacts with the
international ecclesiastical society through its representatives, participating in elaboration and
formation of the international Church Canons.
SYNODS OF GEORGIAN CHURCH IN XIX-XX CENTURIES
The work consideres more than fifty local synods of the Georgian Church. The analysis of these synods
shows that the Georgian Church managed to preserve for the nation the holly spirit of the Orthodox
church in the very controversial period of XIX-XX centuries. This will serve as a basis for returning
back to the Georgian Church its usual place in the society.
GOVERNING HIERARCHY OF GEORGIAN CHURCH
A close study of the Georgian Church enables us to express an opinion that in IV-V centuries the
Georgian Church had no superior church (i.e. the Georgian Church had not been subordinated to a
jurisdiction of any other church) and it was created in the first centuries of the Christianity like the
other neighboring churches of the Middle East (Galatia, Ponto, Phrygia)
wyaroebi da literatura
67.
140.
a. kikviZe, vis ekuTvnis bagrat kurapalatis samarTlis saxeliT
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g. nadareiSvili, niko mari da qarTuli samarTlis istoriis
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142.
Zveli qarTuli literaturis qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 175.
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g. nadareiSvili dasax. naSr., gv. 17. 144. iqve, gv. 18. 145. iqve, gv. 19.
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mTavarepiskoposi
anania
jafariZe,
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karT. me-6 kan., saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 239.
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163.
s. kakabaZe, sjulmdebeli bagrat kurapalati, 1912.
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iqve, gv. 17. 193. iqve, gv. 18.
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iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, I, Tbilisi, 1928, gv.
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197.
`didi sjuliskanoni~, gv. 14., Cvbhyjd R=- J,jphtybt bcnjxybrjd.
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am krebulis Sesaxeb dawvrilebiT ixileT `mcire sjuliskanoni~,
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iqve, gv. 21. 206. iqve, gv. 23. 207.
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iqve, gv. 57-58. 213. iqve, gv. 58. 214. iqve, gv. 58. 215.
iqve,
gv.
58-59.
216.iqve, gv. 59. 217. iqve, gv. 59-60. 218. iqve, gv. 60. 219. iqve, gv. 60-61. 220. iqve, gv.
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222.
n.urbneli, aTabagi beqa da aRbuRa da maTi samarTali, gv. 7. 223.
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224.
g.
inwkirveli,
saxelmwifosa
da
samarTlis
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`samarTali somxuri, qarTuli versia, Sesrulebuli vaxtang VI-is
brZanebiT~ gamosca l.meliqseTbegma; `qarTuli Zeglebi, kanonmdebloba~, #2,
t. tf. 1927. agreTve IV. . .. , , 1980;
IV, . .. , . . .. , .
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227.
.. , , , 1964; . ,
, , 1963; , ,
, , 1931; .. , , 1908;
.. , . 1913; , . 1984;
. , . 1913; , ,
, , 1897; , ,
, 1901; Migne, Patrologia Greaca (mravaltomeuli); Migne, Patrologia Latina
(mravaltomeuli); (), -,
, 1980; ,
, .1.1954; ..
, , 1908; .. , , 1888;
.. , . , 1902; ..
; Maxime des Sardes, Metropolite, Le Patriarcat oecumenique
dans LEglise orthodoxe, Paris, 1975; . , , 1894;
, ,
. 1912; , ; . , , . III.
1896; IV 1904; , , , 1882;
.. - (`.. 1899, 1900); ..
, ... 1875; ,
VI , , 1877; , . .
; 1901, .. , , 1906.
228.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1974, gv. 130.
229.
`saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1978, gv. 174-176; Ghfdbkf Cdzns[
Fgjcnjkjd- Cdzns[ Cj,jhjd Dctktycrb[ b Gjvtcnys[ b Cdzns[ Jnwjd c
njkmrjdfytvb+ 2= V= 1912- c= 5; saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1974, gv.
131; `mociqulTa, msoflio da adgilobrivi saeklesio krebebisa da wmida
mamaTa kanonTa komentarebi~, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #1, gv. 43;
dogmatur-istoriuli sakiTxebi: a) msoflio saeklesio krebebis mokle
kursi Sedgenili a. lebedevis ` , . III, 1896, . IV, 1904-is
mixedviT; b) dogmaturi RvTismetyvelebis mokle kursi Sedgenili
arqiepiskopos filaretis ` ~ 1882-is
mixedviT g. ruxaZis mier, Tb. 1994.
230.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1974, gv. 132.
231.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1978, gv. 177-178; saqarTvelos
eklesiis kalendari, 1974, gv. 132. 232. iqve, gv. 132. 233. iqve, gv. 132.
234.
.. , , , 1994, c. 61. 235. iqve, gv. 61. 236. iqve, gv.
68.
237.
iqve, gv. 69. 238. iqve, gv. 74. 239. iqve, gv. 87. 240.
iqve, gv.
87. Iuris ecclesiastici graecorum historia et monumenta. I.B. Pitra. Romae, t. I, 1864; t. II, 1868;
vuv iv ; ov @agiv iv v
!v j j J ; v, ; ;
@ v, jv J; .. @v, ;. ; !v, 1852-1859, .
I-IV.
241. . , 1892.
242.
Ghfdbkf
ghfdjckfdyjq
Wthrdb
c
njkrjdfybzvb
Ybrjlbvf
tg=
Lfkvfncrj_bcnhbqcrjuj- CG<- I, 1911, II, 1912),
243.
$Jgsn rehcf wthrjdyjuj pfrjyjdtltybz$- CG<- 1851; saRvTismetyvelo
krebuli, 1987, #1, gv. 1-3
244.
qarTlis cxovreba, t. I. gv. 104, 197, 88, 86, 110.
245.
., , , 1950, 7, . 39.
246.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. I. gv. 185-204. 247.
iqve, gv. 28.
248.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 44. 249. iqve, gv. 44.
250.
epistoleTa wigni, 1968, gv. 111.
251.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 14.
252.
epistoleTa wigni, gv. 102. 253.
iqve, gv. 102-111
254.
al. vaCeiSvili, narkvevebi, qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan, I, 1946,
gv. 167.
255.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 42. 256. iqve, gv. 42.
257.
k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoria, t. I, 1980, gv. 560.
258.
iqve, gv. 469
259.
saqarTvelos samoTxe, gv. 394.
260.
k. kekeliZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 561. 261. iqve, gv. 564.
262.
p. ingoroyva, girogi merCule, 1954, gv. 23. 263.
iqve, gv. 27.
264. mcire sjuliskanoni, e.giunaSvilis gamocema, 1972.
265.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, eqvTime aTonelis saeklesio kanonTa
krebuli gadmoRebuli axal qarTul enaze, Tb., 1983, gv. 5.
266.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, gv. 48.
267.
k. kekeliZe, Zveli qarTuli lit. ist., I, gv. 564.
268.
e. giunaSvili, winasityva, `mcire sjuliskanoni~, 1972, gv. 4. 269.
iqve, gv. 6. 270. iqve, gv. 11. 271. iqve, gv. 12. 272. iqve, gv. 63. 273. iqve,
gv. 73.
274.
iqve, gv. 77.
275.
giorgi mcire, cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, Zveli qarTuli
agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, wigni II, gv. 1967.
276. iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, gv. 38.
277.
k. kekeliZe, qarTuli literaturis istoria I, 1960, gv. 284.
278.
didi sjuliskanoni, gamosacemad moamzades e. gabiZaSvilma, e.
giunaSvilma, m. dolaqiZem, Tbilisi, 1975, gv. 20. 279. iqve, gv. 19. 280.
iqve,
gv. 41.
281.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #1, gv. 1-3.
282.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987.
283.
qarTuli istoriuli sabuTebis korpusi, 1984, gv. 24.
284.
qarTuli samarTlis istoriis wyaroebi, 1984.
285.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 18-19.
286.
i. doliZe, qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t.1. 1963. gv. 581. 287.
iqve, gv. 580. 288.
iqve, gv. 589.
289.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, .I. gv. 146. 290. iqve, gv. 162. 291. iqve, gv. 210.
292.
iqve, gv. 277. 293. iqve, gv. 321. 294. iqve, 327.
295.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #1.
296.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1999.
297.
`saxelmwifoebrivi katexizmo~, 1999, gv. 18.
298. v.cipini, eklesia da saxelmwifo, dasax. naSr., gv. 148. 299. iqve, gv. 99
300.
b. diasamiZe, qristes mociqulebi gonio-afsarosSi, r.
ramiSvili, biWvintis uZvelesi eklesiebi, qristianuli arqeologiis mesame
samedicino koncefcia, 1999, gv. 3, 6.
301.
mcxeTa,
arqeologiuri
kvleva-Ziebis
Sedegebi;
ramin
ramiSvili, erwos veli gvianarmazul xanaSi, 1973.
302.
Zeglis megobari, 1983, #63, gv. 37-38, seria, materialuri
kulturis Zeglebi.
303.
., , . 46.
304.
349.
350.
404.
iv. javaxiSvili. Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. VI, gv. 67.
405.
iqve, gv. 37. 406. iqve, gv. 36.
407.
v. cipini, saeklesio samarTali, saqarTvelos eklesiis
kalendari, 1999, gv. 149.
408.
narkv., II, 1973, gv. 448. 409. iqve, gv. 435.
410.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 89. 411. iqve, gv. 90.
412.
g. nadareiSvili, niko mari da qarTuli samarTlis istoriis
sakiTxebi, 1989, gv. 17. 413. iqve, gv. 92.
414.
nark. II, gv. 390. 415.
iqve, gv. 395.
416.
qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 110.
417.
., , 1994, . 99. 418. iqve, gv. 105.
419.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, II, 1998, gv. 177-194.
420.
., , , , . 47-48,
wignidan . , , . 35. Sdr.: saxelmwifoebrivi katexizmo,
Tb., 1999, gv. 17. 421. iqve, gv. 47-48.
422.
cxovreba grigol xanZTelisa, qrestomaTia, 1946, gv. 119. 423.
iqve, gv. 96.
424.
., , 5- . . 1913, . 40.
425.
. . , . 200. 426. iqve, gv. 199. 427. iqve, gv. 35-36.
428.
iqve, gv. 204. 429. iqve, gv. 217.
430.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 90.
431.
i.doliZe, Zveli qarTuli samarTali, 1953, gv. 45.
432.
i.doliZe, Zveli qarTuli samarTali, 1953, gv. 450. 433.
iqve,
gv. 47.
434.
iqve, gv. 335.
435.
v. cipini, eklesia da saxelmwifo, saq. ekl. kalendari, 1999,
gv. 146.
436.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. II, gv. 254.
437.
qarTlis cxovreba, t. I, gv. 352.
438.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, II, gv. 82.
439.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, 1963, t. 1, gv. 101. 440. iqve, gv.
425. 441. iqve, gv. 402.
442.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VII, gv. 113.
443.
n. berZeniSvili, t. IX, 1979, gv. 198.
444.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VII, gv. 115.
445.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 60.
446.
qarT. samarT. Zegl., III, 164.
447.
qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 425.
448.
Vw[tncrbt frns- c= 238.
449.
p. karbelaSviuli, ierarqia, saq. ekl. kalendari, 1900, gv. 133.
450.
qarTlis cxovreba, II, gv. 425.
451.
p. karbelaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 238.
452.
m. xubua, saqarTvelos muzeumebis sparsuli firmanebi da
hoqmebi, 1949, gv. 10. 453. iqve, gv. 22. 454. iqve, gv. 40. 455. iqve, gv. 11.
456.
g. rogava, qristianuli religia da eklesia saqarTveloSi,
1801-1917 ww., Tb., 1997 w. gv. 33.
457.
. , gv. 238.
458.
511.
512.
579.
al. xaxanaSvili, `batonymoba saqarTvelosi~, 1910. meore gamocema, gv. 50-51.
580.
al. xaxanaSvili, `bizantiis gavlena saqarTvelozed~, gaz. `moambe~ 1901. #XII.
581.
. , , t.1 gv. 110-134. q. s. Z. I. gv.
639.
582.
Holldak, Zwei Grandsteine 1907, gv. 97-102, Haxthausen, Transcaucasia, II,
1856, gv. 282. q.s.Z.I. gv. 638.
583.
al. vaCeiSvili, narkvevebi qarTuli samarTlis istoriidan I, 1946, gv. 18.
584.
iv. surgulaZe, saqarTvelos saxelmwifosa da samarTlis istoriisaTvis, 1952, gv.
113.
585.
q.s.Z. gv. 641.
586.
i.doliZe, vaxtangis samarTlis wignTa krebulis Sedgeniloba da wyaroebi, q.s.Z.I.
gv. 650.
587.
iv. javaxiSvili, qarTuli samarTlis istoria, I. gv. 118-119. 588. iqve, gv. 119.
589.
. , , 1880, gv. 20.
590.
qarTuli samarTlis Zegllebi, t. I, gv. 652. 591. iqve, gv. 477. 592. iqve, gv. 478.
593. iqve, gv. 428. 594. iqve, gv. 501. 595. iqve, gv. 525. 596. iqve, gv. 439. 597. iqve, gv. 481.
598. iqve, gv. 673. 599. iqve, gv. 477-539.
600.
l. menabde, qarTlis kaTalikosi evdemoz I, saRvTismetyvelo
krebuli, 1986, #1, gv. 101.
601.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, gv. 798. 602. iqve, gv. 799. 603.
iqve, gv. 798. 604. iqve, gv. 803.
605.
T. Jordania, `anton I~, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #1, 1991, gv.
66.
606.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, t. III, 1970, gv. 805.
607.
S. burjanaZe, solomon I-is mefobis pirveli periodi, Tsu
Sromebi, t. 41, 1950, gv. 71.
608.
m. rexviaSvili, imereTi XVIII saukuneSi, 1982, gv, 65.
609.
s. kakabaZe, saeklesio reformebisaTvis solomon I-is dros,
1914, gv. 5.
610.
s. kakabaZe, saeklesio reformebisaTvis solomon I-is dros,
1914, gv. 7.
611.
Frns, Cj,hfyyst Rfdrfpcrjq fh[tjkjubxtcrjq rjvbccbtq- 1866n= I, gv. 56.
612.
saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t. IV, gv. 641.
613.
s. kakabaZe, dasavleT saqarTvelos saeklesio sabuTebi, II, gv.
11-12.
614.
n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoriis sakiTxebi, t. VI, gv.
412.
615.
qronikebi Sekrebili T.Jordanias mier, III, 1967, gv. 262-264,
krebis ganCineba aRdgenilia Cvens mier.
616.
qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi, III, 1970, gv. 848. 617. iqve, gv. 871.
618. iqve, gv. 914. 619. iqve, gv. 1018.
620.
mitropoliti
anania
jafariZe,
saqarTvelos
eklesiis
istoriis wyaroebi, periodizacia da saeklesio istoriografia, Tb., 2002.
621.
iv.javaxiSvili, Txzulebani 12 tomad, t. VI, 1982, gv. 90.
622.
q.c., I, gv. 352.
623.
Zegl., II, gv. 82.
wigni II.
nawili I. saqarTvelos eklesiis mimdinare krebebi IV-XVIII ss
1. i. WavWavaZe, II, gv. 180.
2. gaz. `iveria~, 1888, #4.
3. v. goilaZe, jvari vazisa, 1981, #3.
4.
mcxeTa, arqeologiuri kvleva-ZiebaTa Sedegebi, Tb., t. II, 1978, III, 1980.
5. s. janaSia, feodaluri revolucia saqarTveloSi, Sromebi, gv. 127.
6. sumbat daviTis Ze, cxovreba da uwyeba bagrationTa, 1949, gv. 58.
7. sokrati, eklesiis istoria 1, 20; sozomeni, eklesiis iatoria II, 7;
Teodorite, I, 25.
8. n. janaSia, narkvevebi, gv. 114.
9. `moqceva qarTlisa~, qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi~, III.
10.
m. CxartiSvili, `ninos cxovrebis~ vrceli redaqciis atribucia,
`mnaTobi~, 1987, #5. gv. 147-154. 11. iqve, gv. 149-154.
12.
ivane javaxiSvili, istoriis mizani, wyaroebi da meTodebi, Txzulebani,
VIII, 1977. gv. 326.
13.
Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, t. I. 1964.
14.
p. ingoroyva, qarTuli mwerlobis istoriis mokle mimoxilva, `mnaTobi~, 1939, #4, gv. 105-107.
15.
g. meliqiSvili, saqarTvelos uZvelesi da Zveli istoriis wyaroebi, saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi,
I, gv. 40.
16.
iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba, 1945, gv. 171.
17.
k. kekeliZe, etiudebi Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriidan, IV, gv. 192.
18.
`qarTlis cxovreba~, I, 1955, t. II, 1959, s. yauxCiSvilis gamocema.
19.
q. cx., I, 248. 20. iqve, gv. 244.
21.
g. meliqiSvili `saqarTvelos uZvelesi da Zveli istoriis wyaroebi~,
saqarTvelos istoriis narkv. I, gv. 52.
22.
g. meliqiSvili, farnavazi da farnavazianebi Zvel somxur saistorio
wyaroebSi, `macne~, 1967, #3.
23.
iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba, 1945; k. kekeliZe,
qarTuli literaturis istoria, I, 1954, t. II, 1958.
24.
m. TarxniSvili, saqarTvelos eklesiis avtokefaliis warmoSoba,
`mnaTobi~, 1989, #11.
25.
g. meliqiSvili, dasax., naSr. gv. 64.
26.
iv. javaxiSvili, Zveli qarTuli saistorio mwerloba, gv. 194.
27.
Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, w. I, 1964. 28. iqve,
gv. 17-64
29.
iv. javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, I., 1979 gv. 27.
30.
Zveli qarT. ag. lit. Zegl. II, 1967.
31.
iv. javaxiSvili, dasaxlebuli naSromi, gv. 142.
32.
Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli lit. Zegl. II. 1967.
33.
istoriografia, saq. ist. nark. III, 1979. gv. 410.
34.
T. papuaSvili, dasax. naSr., gv. 409.
35.
k. kekeliZe, Zv. qarT. lit. istoria I, gv. 263.
36.
q. c. I, gv. 318-364.
37.
m. lorTqifaniZe, XI_XII s.s. istoriis wyaroebi, narkv. III, 1979, 70
38.
arsen beri, `cxovreba da moqalaqoba da Rvawli wmindisa da Rirsisa
dedisa Cuenisa ninosi~-Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli litereturis
Zeglebi, III, 1971 gv. 45
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #12, 1981.
46.
, aTeni, `Teologia~, 1966, Targmnili xelnaweri rus. enaze.
47.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 2001, gv. 113.
48.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 545. 49. iqve, gv. 546. 50. iqve, gv. 546.
51.
q.c., I, gv. 65.
52.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 464.
53.
iv.javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. III, 1982, gv. 340.
54.
saswaulni sveticxovlisa, qronikebi, gv. 40-69.
55.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. III, gv. 340.
56.
iv. javaxiSvili, t.1, 1979, gv. 269-271. 57. iqve, gv. 143.
58.
eqvTime aToneli, saeklesio kanonTa krebuli, VI msoflio krebis 33-e
kanonis ganmarteba, saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #11, 1983, gv. 37.
59.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, #11, 1983, gv. 59.
60.
saqarTvelos samoTxe, 1882, gv. 632.
61.
saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 2001, gv. 140.
62.
didi sjuliskanoni, 1975, gv. 295.
63.
saRvTismetyvelo krebuli, 1987, #1. 64. iqve, gv. 134-135. 65. iqve, gv. 135.
67.
`qarTuli samarTlis Zeglebi~, t I, 1963. 68 `qarTuli samarTlis
Zeglebis~, t. III, 1970.
69.
Seadgines da gamosacemad moamzades T. enuqiZem, v. silagavam, n.
SoSiaSvilma, Tb. 1984, gv. 32
70.
didi sjulis kanoni, saqarTvelos eklesiis kalendari, 1987, gv. 211.
71.
saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, I, 1996, gv. 185.
72.
didi sjulis kanoni, iqve, gv. 166. 73. iqve, gv. 179.
74.
s.janaSia, Sromebi, t. 4, gv. 74.
75.
anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t.1, 1996, gv.
294. 76. iqve, 1996, gv. 295.
77.
qarTlis cxovreba, I gv. 129. 78. iqve, gv. 196.
79.
uwyeba petroz mkawvrelisaTvis, saqarTvelos samoTxe, sabininis
gamocema, 1882, gv. 632.
80.
anania jafariZe, saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria, t. 1, gv. 194.
81.
qarTlis cxovreba, I, gv. 137. 82. iqve, gv. 140. 83.
iqve, gv. 594.
84.
s. janaSia, Sromebi, t. V, 1987, gv. 112.
85.
s. janaSia, Sromebi, t. I, gv. 115.
86.
epistoleTa wigni, 1968, z. aleqsiZis komentari, gv. 152. 87. iqve, gv. 98.
88.
iqve, gv. 99.
89.
giorgi mcire, cxovrebai giorgi mTawmindelisai, Zegl. II, gv. 154.
90.
epistoleTa wigni, z. aleqsiZis komentari, gv. 161.
91.
qarTuli eris istoria, I, gv. 300.
92.
saistorio moambe, I, gv. 50-53.
93.
kanonikuri wyobileba, gv. 320.
94.
epistoleTa wigni, z. aleqsiZis komentari, gv. 161.
95.
georgika, 2, 1965, gv. 88.
96.
epistoleTa wigni, gv. 196.
97.
i. drasxanakerteli, somxeTis istoria, gv. 10.
98.
qarTlis cxovreba, IV, 1973, gv. 750.
100. epistoleTa wigni, z. aleqsiZis komentari, gv. 197.
101. qronikebi, I, gv. 340.
102. epistoleTa wigni, gv. 198.
103. giorgi mcire, `cxovrebai giorgi mTawmidelisai~, Zegl. II, gv. 150.
104. iqve, gv. 149.
105. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli literaturis Zeglebi, 1967, gv. 123.
106. iqve, gv. 124. 107. iqve, gv. 146.
108. petriwonis monastris tipikoni, Tavi 35, muxli 11, a.SaniZe, Txzulebani,
t. 11, 1986, 118.
109. qarTlis covreba, gv. 228-229. 110. iqve, gv. 229.
111.
efrem mcire, uwyebai mizezisa qarTvelTa moqcevisasa, 1959, gv. 9.
112. Vb[fbk <htr- Cgbcjr Fynbj[bbcrb[ gfnhbfh[jd- Nhels Rbtdcrjq Le[=
Frfltvbb- 1874- B.ym- c= 397_398.
113.
v. goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv. 170. 114. iqve, gv. 155.
115.
dosiTeosi, ierusalimeli patriarqebi, Tavi 5, gv. 510, wignidan sardeli
mitropoliti maqsimi, qarTuli eklesia da misi avtokefalia, `Teologia~,
aTeni, 1966 w., rusuli Targmani, gv. 47-48.
116. dosiTeosi, ierusalimeli patriarqebi, Tavi 5, gv. 510, wignidan sardeli
mitropoliti maqsimi, qarTuli eklesia da misi avtokefalia, `Teologia~,
aTeni, 1966 w., rusuli Targmani, gv. 48.
117. :ept G=- Uhepbz d 17 cnjktnbb gj bpj,hf;tyb. gfnhbfh[f Vfrfhbz- Rfpfym1905- c= 10_11; v. goilaZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 171.
118.
Vb[fbk <htr- Cgbcjr Fynbj[bbcrb[ Gfnhbfh[jd- Nhels Rbtdcrjq le[=
Frfltvbb- 1874- b.ym- 399_400.
119. v. goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv. 156; Rtrtkblpt R- C=Kbnehubxtcrfz cghfdrf gj djghjce j, fdnjrtafkbb uhepbycrjq wthrdbetiudebi, t. VII, 1961, gv. 254, SeniSvna.
120. efrem mcire, `uwyebai...~, gv. 10.
121. georgika, IV, naw. II, gv. 180-181; Sdr. saq. ist. narkv., II, gv. 423-24; v.
goilaZe, qarTuli eklesiis saTaveebTan, 1991, gv. 178.
122. n. berZeniSvili, saqarTvelos istoris sakiTxebi, III, gv. 49.
123. m. lorTqifaniZe, `egris-afxazeTi~, saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, t.
II, 1973, gv. 424.
124. m. lorTqifaniZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 425. 125. iqve, gv. 427.
126. georgika, IV, 2, gv. 184.
127. m. lorTqifaniZe, dasax. naSr., gv. 424.
128. q.c. I, gv. 255
129. Zveli qarTuli agiografiuli Zeglebi, III, gv. 81.
130. qarTlis cxovreba~, t. I, gv. 146.
33.
37.
39.
40.
41.
47.
16.
67.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, 1982, gv. 270-277.
68.
c~a mf~sa dT~si 534, gv. 301. 69. iqve, gv. 272-273.
70.
ist. da azm. Saravand., gv. 409.
71.
e.TayaiSvili, . I, 641.
72.
q.c. gv. 433.
73.
JamT., gv. 657. 74. iqve, gv. 656. 75. iqve, gv. 691. 76.
iqve, gv. 273-274.
77.
Sevsebuli q. c., gv. 433.
78.
JamT., gv. 274-275.
79.
ist. da azm., gv. 461. 80. iqve, gv. 456.
81.
q.c., gv. 462.
82.
iv. javax., t. VI, gv. 275.
83.
ist. da azm., gv. 464. 84. iqve, gv. 468-469.
85.
iv. javaxiSvili, Txz. t. VI, gv. 275-276.
86.
xelm. karis gar., gv. 3.
87.
iv. javaxiSvili, t. VI, gv. 276.
88.
q.c., gv. 433. 90. iqve, gv. 462.
91.
s. kakab., gam., gv. 13-14.
92.
iv. javaxiSvili, VII, 1984, gv. 347.
93.
q.c. I, gv. 265.
94.
g. nadareiSvili, niko mari da qarTuli samarTlis istoriis sakiTxebi,
1989, gv. 25. 95. iqve, gv. 23. 96. iqve, gv. 24.
97.
qarTlis cxovreba~, t. II, gv. 88.
98.
`yovelni vardapetni da mecnierni~, gv. 82. 99. iqve, gv. 83. 100. iqve, gv. 85.
101. q. c., II, gv. 86.
102. didi sjuliskanoni, saekl. kalendari, 1987 w., gv. 470. 103. iqve, gv. 552.
104. saekl. kalendari, 1987, gv. 509.
105. g. mTawm. cxovr., qarTuli proza, t. I, 1987, gv. 110. 106. iqve, gv. 110. 107.
iqve, gv. 111.
108. grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, qarTuli mwerloba, t. I, gv. 541. 109. iqve,
gv. 111.
110. giorgi merCule, grigol xanZTelis cxovreba, qarTuli mwerloba, t. 1,
Tb., 1987, gv. 545.
111.
cxovreba giorgi mTawmidelisa, qarTuli mwerloba, t. 2, Tb., 1987, gv. 111.
112. iqve, 1987, gv. 111-112. 113.
iqve, 1987, gv. 112. 114. iqve, gv. 564. 115. iqve, gv.
565.
116. giorgi mTawmidelis cxovreba, qarTuli mwerloba, t. 2, Tb., 1986, gv. 112.
117. karis garigeba, 281. 118. iqve, 279-281. 119. iqve, 292-293,297. 120. iqve, 295. 121.
iqve, 295; iv.javaxiSvili, Txzulebani, t. VII, 1984, gv. 51-52.
122. iqve, gv. 12-19; iv. javaxiSvili, t. VII, Tb., 1984, gv. 182.
123. narkvevebi aTonis keris istoriidan, 1996, gv. 215.
124. qse, t. VII, Tb., 1984 w., gv. 156.
125. `didaqe, jvari vazisa, 1988, #3, gv. 34.
126. dekanozi ioane meindorfi, `saRvTismetyvelo ganaTleba patristul da
bizantiur epoqebSi d misi gakveTilebi Cveni droisaTvis~, jvari vazisa,
1989, gv. 51.
127.
jvari vazisa, 1989, gv. 52. 128.
iqve, gv. 53. 129. iqve, gv. 54. 130.
iqve, gv. 54
sarCevi
mimdinare krebebi XIX-XX ss.
Sesavali
5
1. saeklesio Sekrebebi, e.w. `cerkovni bunti~
avtokefaliis gauqmebis dros (1819-1820)
2. avtokefaluri moZraobis Casaxva
3. saeklesio krebebi 1905-1916 ww. (19 kreba)
4. avtokefaliis aRmdgenikrebebi (9 kreba)
5. wm. kirionis mkvlelobis erTi versia
6. saeklesio krebebi 1918-1995 wlebSi (23 kreba)
daskvna
193
XIX-XX ()
Synods of Georgian Church in XIX-XX Centuries (Conclusion)
saqarTvelos eklesiis mmarTveli ierarqia
1. kaTalikosi
201
2. patriarqi
3. qorepiskoposi
4.
mwignobarTuxucesi
5. moZRvarTmoZRvari
249
daskvna
266
()
Governing Hierarchy of Georgian Church (Conclusion)
7
26
45
113
137
141
197
197
225
231
238
269
269
270
316