AL-BALQA APPLIED UNIVERSITY

AMMAN COLLEGE FOR ENG. TECH.

COMMUNICATION LAB.

EXPERIMENT 8

Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)

Name: Abdulrahman Ghaleb Mohammad.

Moh.
ID: 399070389
Instructor: Dr. Amjad Abu-jazr

Date: 23/04/2002

EQUIPMENT REQUIRED

U2970A Data Source

U2970C Double Balanced Modulators
U2970F Data Clock Regeneration
U2970G Data Recovery
U2970H Data Receiver
U2970K Audio Module
U2970L Tuned Circuit (optional)
U2970M Power Supply
U2970N set of connecting leads
Function Generator
Two-channel oscilloscope

Purpose:

1. To produce ASK signals, with and with carrier Suppression.

2. To examine the different processes required for demodulation
in the two cases.

Theoretical background:

In a stream of data bits, as generated by the NRZ output of the U

2970A Data Source module, there are frequency components ranging
from D.C up to high harmonics of the bit rate. For the signal to be
recognized by a receiver, it is not necessary to transmit every harmonic,
but it is necessary to transmit the components from D.C up to a
somewhat higher frequency than the bit rate. Thus frequency range is
called the base hand.
There are several reasons why it is often desired to modify a Signal
for transmission so that, instead of occupying the base band at
frequencies, it is shifted to a different frequency band. (The reasons
may be connected with the requirement to send several signals along the
same channel, or with properties of the transmission medium, as when
using a radio link).
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is the simplest way of shifting the
frequency spectrum of a signal from base band to some other band of
frequencies. It uses an auxiliary sign called a carrier. Amplitude
modulation means altering the amplitude of the carrier signal in
accordance with the base band signal. When the signal switches between
two (or a few) distinct levels, this is called keying. Thus switching a

carrier on foc 1 and off for 0 is called Amplitude Shift keying or ASK
for short.
This experiment will look at two versions of ASK. In the first
versions the transmitted signal, Fig.-1, is the carrier (amplitude one unit,
say) for data 1, and nothing (amplitude 0) for data=1. It can be shown
mathematically that the resultant signal has frequency components
comprising the carrier frequency and side-bands spread either side of
the carrier frequency in the same was that the base band signal spreads
in the region near zero frequency; Fig.-2. In this version of ASK the
carrier component is constant, and so carries no information.

Figure-1

Figure-2
If the channel can carry a certain level of signal, this can be more
effectively used to convey information by suppressing the carrier
component. The second version of ASK does this, sending the sidebands
only.
Experiment procedure:
DETECTION OF SIMPLE ASK
DIODE DETECTOR
Connect links 1 to 20 and set. The six switches as shown in Fig 2-18.
Set the oscilloscope as follows:
CH1 and CH2; D.Ccoupled, 5V/division

 Time Base; l0us per division, externally triggered by +ve going edge of
the word clock output from the Data Source module.
Connect CH1 to link 3, CH2 to link 6.
Set up the test bit pattern 01101100 on the Data Source module.
Check with the oscilloscope that the corresponding output is obtained on
link 3. Sketch the waveform appearing on CH2. This is the ASK signal, in a
rather idealized form.
In a practical communication system the transmission channel will
pass only a limited range of frequencies near the carrier frequency; the
sidebands are restricted. Connect the Tuned Circuit module U2970L
as shown by links 21,22. Then tune the module for maximum signal.
The ASK waveform will now be more realistic. It will be instructive
to observe and note the effect on the various waveforms, which will be
observed, as link 21 is disconnected and reconnected.
Transfer the CH1 oscilloscope lead to the output of the diode
detector, link 8. It should resemble the upper wav, providing an
approximate replica of the original data waveform. Transfer the CH2
lead to the squarer output, link 10. And adjust the squarer bias until the
lower waveform is obtained. It will now be necessary to adjust the width
and delay controls on the Data Clock Regeneration module ED-2970F.
Move the oscilloscope leads as necessary to adjust first the width
control to give a width of pulses from the second constable equal to that
of the bit clock pulses (link 14); then adjust the delay control so that.
The second constable output pulses go positive at times well removed
from the transitions in the data. When this is done, data shown on the
Data Receiver should match that sent from the Source module.
The resulting detector output waveforms should bear some
resemblance to that of the diode detector, but the bias to the data
squarer will probably need readjustment.
If a number is multiplied by itself, the result if positive, whatever
the sign of the original number. This principle can be applied to the ASK
signal, using the U-2970C Modulator s a multiplier. The same signal is
applied to the a and b inputs of amodulator which multiplies the two
inputs together at its output.
The resulting detector output waveforms should bear some
resemblance to that of the diode detector, but the bias to the data
squarer will probably need readjustment.
SUMMARY:

In order to transmit a signal it is often modulated, and with a digital

signal the modulation is referred to as keying. ASK is a Simple form of
keying with two variants. If the carrier is unsuppressed it carries no
information, but enables simple demodulators to be used, such the diode
and squarelaw detectors.
The carrier can be suppressed by applying a bipolar data signal to
the modulator. The resultant signal has equal magnitude for 0 or 1
signals, but the ph changes. In order to recover the data a coherent
detector is required. This in turn requires the availability of a carrier
signal at the demodulator.