Configuration of DNS and DHCP server

Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Engineering

by
Project members:
Shyam Menon
Ajay More
Mahesh Mistry
Supervisor
Ms.Pooja Permare

Department of Computer Engineering

Subject: Network Programming Laboratory
Pillai HOCL Educational Campus, HOCL Colony, Rasayani
Tal: Khalapur, Dist: Raigad-410207
Academic Year 2015-2016

Index

Sr.
No
1.

Title
Acknowledgement

2.

Abstract

3.

Introduction

4.

Future Scope of the project

5.

Requirements

6.

Advantages

7.

Disadvantage

8.

Coding and Screenshots

9.

Conclusion

Page no

Acknowledgement
It is a privilege for us to have been associated with our guide, during this project work. We have
been greatly benefited by their valuable suggestions and ideas. It is with great pleasure that we express
our deep sense of a graduated to them for their valuable guidance, constant encouragement and
patience throughout this work.
We express our graduated to Dr. Chelpa Lingam, Principal, Mrs. Rohini Bhosale, Head Dep. Of
Computer Engineering for this constant encouragement, co-opereation and support.
We take this opportunity to thank all our classmates for their companyduring the course work and
for useful discussion we had with them.
We would be failing in our duties if we do noty make a mention of our family members including
our parents for providing moral support,without which this work would not have been completed.

Abstract
DNS servers provide domain name resolution for network resources. They associate the TCP/IP
address assigned by DHCP to a client with its fully qualified domain name (FQDN). This association,
or mapping, of an IP address to a domain name requires that a change in either the address or the name
necessitates an update of the information in DNS. The DHCP protocol does not automatically update
DNS in the event that the DHCP server changes the IP address of a client. To facilitate this interaction,
servers running Windows Server 2008 and DHCP and clients running DHCP can register with DNS,
allowing cooperation between the two. When DHCP changes IP address information, corresponding
DNS updates synchronize name-to-address associations for the computer.
When a DHCP server registers and updates DNS pointer (PTR) and address (A) resource records on
behalf of its DHCP-enabled clients, it uses the information contained within an additional DHCP
option: the Client FQDN option (option 81), which permits a client to provide its FQDN and any
instructions to the DHCP server that is used to process DNS dynamic updates on its behalf.
The following reasons or events can trigger a dynamic update:
Added, removed, or modified IP addresses in the TCP/IP properties configuration for any of
the installed network connections.
An IP address lease changes or renews any of the installed network connections with the
DHCP server. For example, when a computer starts or after use of the ipconfig /renew
command.
Upon use of the ipconfig /registerdns command, which manually forces a refresh of the client
name registration in DNS.

INTRODUCTION
The DNS protocol is used to resolve FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Names) to IP addresses around
the world. This allows us to successfully find and connect to Internet websites and services no matter
where they are. Its usefulness, however, doesn't stop there: local company and private networks also
rely on DNS to operate efficiently and correctly.
In many cases, where a local DNS server is not available, we are forced to either use our ISP's DNS
servers or some public DNS server, however, this can sometimes prove troublesome. Today, small
low-end routers have the ability to integrate DNS functionality, making life easier, but so do Cisco
routers - they simply have to be setup and you're done.
This project will show you how to configure your Cisco router to provide DNS services to your
network, and make all clients use it as a DNS server. Our easy to follow step-by-step process ensures
to understand the process and have it running within minutes.
We have shown how a Cisco router can be used as a basic DNS server to enable network clients to
perform DNS queries for the local network and Internet.
DHCP lets Network Administrator to assign network parameters such as IP Address, Subnet Mask,
Gateway, DNS automatically in to an end device (PC, or other device). There are many possible ways
to achieve DHCP in real world, Like Windows Server, Linux Server etc. Most of the home networks
acquire DHCP from the DSL modem itself or from SOHO routers. DHCP service available Cisco
router, one advantage of configuring DHCP on a Cisco router is that it doesnt need any further
hardware and preserve your organizations cost for a dedicated DHCP server.

Future Scope of The Project

The DNS is to the Internet what water is to life. Nearly all information resources (host names) are
resolved to their Internet protocol (IP) addresses through DNS. Windows networking tried hard to
avoid the complexities of DNS, but alas, DNS won. The alternative to DNS, the Windows Internet
Name Service (WINS) an artifact of NetBIOS networking over the TCP/IP protocols has
demonstrated scalability problems as well as a flat, nonhierarchical namespace that became
unmanageable as the size and complexity of information technology networks grew.
WINS is a Microsoft implementation of the RFC1001/1002 NetBIOS Name Service (NBNS). It
allows NetBIOS clients (like Microsoft Windows machines) to register an arbitrary machine name that
the administrator or user has chosen together with the IP address that the machine has been given.
Through the use of WINS, network client machines could resolve machine names to their IP address.
The demand for an alternative to the limitations of NetBIOS networking finally drove Microsoft to
use DNS and Active Directory. Microsoft's new implementation attempts to use DNS in a manner
similar to the way that WINS is used for NetBIOS networking. Both WINS and Microsoft DNS rely
on dynamic name registration.
Microsoft Windows clients can perform dynamic name registration to the DNS server on startup.
Alternatively, where DHCP is used to assign workstation IP addresses, it is possible to register
hostnames and their IP address by the DHCP server as soon as a client acknowledges an IP address
lease. Finally, Microsoft DNS can resolve hostnames via Microsoft WINS.

Requirements
A. Hardware Platforms:

CPU: Intel Pentium III 500 MHz or equivalent

RAM: 256 MB
Free Storage: 250 MB of free disk space
Display resolution: 800 x 600

B. Software Platforms:
Cisco packet tracer software which supports the platform

OS: Microsoft Windows XP, Microsoft Windows Vista, Microsoft Windows 7, Fedora 11, or
Ubuntu 8.04 LTS

Advantages
There are few subjects in the UNIX world that might raise as much contention as Domain Name
System (DNS) and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). Not all opinions held for or
against particular implementations of DNS and DHCP are valid.
We live in a modern age where many information technology users demand mobility and freedom.
Microsoft Windows users in particular expect to be able to plug their notebook computer into a
network port and have things just work.

UNIX administrators have a point. Many of the normative practices in the Microsoft Windows world
at best border on bad practice from a security perspective. Microsoft Windows networking protocols
allow workstations to arbitrarily register themselves on a network. Windows 2000 Active Directory
registers entries in the DNS namespace that are equally perplexing to UNIX administrators. Welcome
to the new world!
The purpose of this chapter is to demonstrate the configuration of the Internet Software Consortium
(ISC) DNS and DHCP servers to provide dynamic services that are compatible with their equivalents
in the Microsoft Windows 2000 Server products.
This chapter provides no more than a working example of configuration files for both DNS and DHCP
servers. The examples used match configuration examples used elsewhere in this document.

Disadvantage
Degradation

of quality Packets is queued at routers during periods of congestion. If the

congestion is significant, packets may even be dropped

Security- Any H.323

IP-aware user can trap into any conversation on the system. Therefore the
system is less secure.

Coding and Screenshots

Procedure:
1) Take two PC name it PC1 and PC2 , one router name it DHCP SERVER , one server name it DNS
SERVER and one switch.
2) Join two pc, DNS server and DHCP server to switch through cabel.
3) Go to CLI of DHCP server and type
Router>en

Router#configure t
Router(config)#ho DHCP-SERVER
DHCP-SERVER (config)#ip dhcp pool deploy
DHCP-SERVER (dhcp-config)#network 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
DHCP-SERVER (dhcp-config)#default-router 192.168.1.1
DHCP-SERVER (dhcp-config)#dns-server 192.168.1.2
DHCP-SERVER (dhcp-config)#exit
DHCP-SERVER (config)#ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.1.1 192.168.1.9
DHCP-SERVER (config)#exit
DHCP-SERVER #
DHCP-SERVER #
DHCP-SERVER # configure t
DHCP-SERVER (config)#int fa0/0
DHCP-SERVER (config)#ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0
DHCP-SERVER (config)#no shut
DHCP-SERVER (config)#exit
4) Go to DNS SERVER, click on ip configuration and type
IP address:
192.168.1.2
Subnet Address: 255.255.255.0
Default gateway: 192.168.1.1
DNS server :
192.168.1.2
5) Go to DNS SERVER, click on config and click on DNS services, add name (www.cisco.com) and
ip address (192.168.1.2) & turn the service of DNS ON.

Screenshots:
CONFIGURE DHCP AND DNS SERVER

DHCP Server Command:-

PC1 DHCP:-

PC2 DHCP:-

DNS SERVER:-

Conclusion:
Throughout this project we have learnt that DHCP service is a key component of your network
infrastructure by allowing centralized ip address management on a single pool of servers. DHCP
configuration is also part of CCNA and CCNP Switch certification.
It is studied that Packet Tracer 6.0 implements two methods for setting up a DHCP server in your
network :
Configuration of DHCP pools on Cisco routers or multilayer switches.
Configuration of a standalone DHCP server appliance on the network and usage of the "ip
helper-address" command on network devices for DHCP traffic forwarding outside each local
broadcast domain. This tutorial will describe this method for implementing DHCP service in
your network.
As we know ip addresses can be assigned to a end device in two way : Static
Dynamic

In static way network admin or system admin or user manually assigned ip address on the device, but
if the number of devices are much more and you dont want to take the headache for assigning the ip
addresses, then it become so teasing and time taking to manually assign ip address to every device. To
solve this problem, Dynamic way of ip assigning is used.
DHCP is a protocol that is heavily used to assign IP addresses automatically over LAN networks.