Design

6.1.1 Site Survey : Pre requisites .

Building /Campus layout
Requirement of LAN and WAN
Present setup
6.1.2.Information to be noted during Site Survey
The Building structure.
Tentative position of the EQ( Equipment room) , TC ( Telecommunication Closets) rtc.
Details of Ducts ( AC as well inter floor )
Power lines
Future requirement
And tentative budget
In case of of Inter building
Entrance facility
Possible shortest route.
Type of soil. As well as alternate options.

Design
6.1.3. Preparation of Proposal :
Calculate the No . Of work area, TC, Intermediate Cross Connect.
Selection of Backbone
Selection of Active Components
Preparation of Network Diagram
Preparation of Network Layout
Preparation of Bill of Material
Specification of the Active Equipment.
Total Estimation

Design
6.2. Implementation :
The feasibility report by the Cable contractor as per the network Layout. In case of
any problem, alternate path is selected and if required revised BOM is prepared.
Procurement of Active and Passive components.
Verification of the Items.
Notification to all the concerned bodies, administration, CPWD with prospective
schedule
Selection of nomenclature for all the components for administration and
documentation.
Cabling , ducting and termination in phases .
Link testing
Configuration of active components
Integration with the working network.

Design
6.3.Documentation
Details of the Work Area ( Room no. ,client name, IP address, email )
Network diagram ( Name and address of the Active components, clearly marked with
connectivity ).
Network Layout ( Clearly marked the route of the cabling , position of the TC )
Details of Cabling and Termination.
Specification of the Active components.
Details of contact person for maintenance.

Designing , Implementation and documentation of LAN

6.1

Designing : There are may issues that have to taken into consideration before designing a LAN.

6.1.1 Present and future requirement : At the beginning itself one ha s to do the planning for the near future requirement of next 2 years.
At present requirement may be just to connect few nodes and one server, but by the time of implementation there is 30% increase in the
network size . And by the time the network is operational, WAN requirement . It is advisable to plan keeping latest technology and
provision for maximum expansion with minimum modification. If any network already exists , expansion should be with minimum
changes.
The list of present connectivity , the new requirement and tentative requirement , should be available at the time of designing . list 6.1
Network diagram includes the planned network architecture according to which the cabling and connection will be done. This includes
preplanning for distribution of nodes and servers , network topology .And accordingly network equipment are selected. The conne ctivity
plan of servers and distribution of hubs , switches and routers is also decided well ahead. A site survey is done to plan the physical
connectivity .The bill of material is prepared according to this plan network. This also include finalized specification of equipments and
cabling accessories .

Floorwise List of Nodes

A

Third Floor

Total:

64 nodes

Pay & Accounts

Admin III
P&A Officer
Section XI A
Account Section II
Officers room
Officers room
Officers room
Officers room
PIL Section (WRIT)
PILSection(ENG)

4 nodes
4 nodes
1 nodes
5 nodes
1 nodes
2 nodes
2 nodes
1 nodes
1 nodes
4 nodes
4 nodes

29 Nodes

Officers room
Section XII
Section XII A
Officers room
Section X
Section III A
Section III
Officers room
Officers room
Officers room
Officers room
Section XIV

2 nodes
4 nodes
4 nodes
2 nodes
4 nodes
5 nodes
5 nodes
2 nodes
1 nodes
1 nodes
1 nodes
4 nodes

35 nodes

List 6.1

Size : The type of network mostly depends on the size of the network as inter floor, inter building or campus wide. In case the

network is for less than 250 node with one or two servers, a single segment LAN with one or two workgroup switch is
sufficient. But if the network is a inter building LAN , then it is Fiber Optic LAN with backbone switches are used. In an area
of 700 sq m at least one Telecommunication Closets are recommended. Each floor should have at least one TC . There
should be atleast one Equipment room in one building. All the equipment should be connected through UPS point.
Accordingly calculate the No. of TC and tentative location. List 6.2

6.1.2
Applications : Network should be application independent . Today the requirement may be just for sharing the
resources or printers , but later service as Web hosting and mail service, then the same network can be used with minor
modification.
Structured cabling system is an open physical architecture. If the termination and cabling is done as per EIA/TIA standards ,
the physical connectivity designed for 10Base T can be used be used for 100Base-TX with upgading the active components.
If the LAN has to be logically divided please

6.1.3
Site: Terrestrial condition also influence the design of the ne twork and some time also restricts in implementing the
latest technology.
Before starting the design one should have the information of the buildings where the LAN is to be implemented. If possible
take the blue print of the building, in which the ducts, EPBX, pathways, power channels , the equipment room & tentative
location of Telecommuting Centers etc.

6.1.4
Cost :The cost factor is as important as all other parameters. Mostly compromise is made on the design due to this
factor. So it is recommended to design such a network which best suits our requirement with optimum cost.

Location of Telecommunication Closets

A

Third Floor
1 TC-III-A
2 TC-III-B

Near R.K. Garg Memorial 40 Nodes

Near Section X
40 nodes
Total
80 nodes

Second Floor
1
2
3
4

TC-II-A
TC-II-B
TC-II-C
TC-II-D

Near Section IX
Near Section XVIA
Near Old court room
Near Officer's room
Total

45
17
19
20
99

nodes
nodes
nodes
nodes
nodes

First Floor
1
2
3
4
5
6

ER
TC-I-A
TC-I-B
TC-I-C
TC-I-D
TC-I-E

NIC Room
Near Section I-A
Near Assembly Hall
Near Cash Branch
Between Court 7 & 6
Near Lib
Total

72 nodes
33 nodes
46 nodes
50 nodes
70 nodes
8 nodes
279 nodes

List 6.2

It designed proposal should have final Network diagram, the proposed cable route, Logical and physical connectivity
plan , specification of the components, Bill of materials

Preparing Bill of Material

Preparing a small structured LAN of 20-25 nodes in the computer center is not a difficult task. For a
LAN with 25 Clients and 2-3 Severs in a floor of around 50 square meter. The cable requirement is estimated 10 %
extra from the actual calculated distance. In a 6U racks usually 2 Hubs and 2 Jack Panel can be kept.For more
equipment 12/24 U rack can be used. Connect all the Severs and network equipment to the backbone switch and
client to the Hub/ desktop switch.The estimated Bill of Material is as follows.

Network Equipment :
I)

12 port Ethernet Switch with 2 Fast Ethernet port

one

ii)

24 port Ethernet manageable Hub

one

Cables and accessories:

I)

Cat 5 UTP cable

4 boxes of 305 m

ii)

24 port Jack panel

two

iii)

UTP Patch Cord 3 ft

30

iv)

UPT Patch Cord 7 ft

25

v)

Information Outlet

25

vi)

19 Rack 6 U

one

Network Diagram :
This is the logical connectivity of the network.

Network Layout

6.2 Implementation :

At the time of implementation the most important job is to coordinate with vendors, contractor , users etc. Before
starting the proper planning is required. Work should be done in phases . The coordinators has to follow up regularly
to complete the job smoothly in scheduled time.

1.
Procurement of the material : After the proposal is finalizes and approved , the bill of material is prepared with
proper specification of the active and passive components. Once the specification is finalized , the make and the vendor is
selected as per some internal tenders or pre listed vendor, the materials are procured.
2.
Supply and verification : At the time of supply it is the duty of the receiver to check the make, condition and
quantity of the items with P.O. The in-charge should make sure that the items are kept is safe place and handed over to proper
person when required.
3.
Cabling and ducting. Before starting the cabling job, proper approval or notification should be issued to the staff
and administration. The work should be done in phases with minimum disturbance. Day to day work should be monitored .
Network Layout is prepared before the cabling job is started. The cabling routes are planned after analyzing the site, map and
building structure This include the location of Equipment room, Telecommunication closets and position of Racks and
Information Outlets. The planning for electrical points and Air condition if required .Administrative clearance for cabling is also
taken . It includes the floor wise Blueprint of the Building, Power lines , TC and Equipment room location, User records .

Cabling and ducting is an important factor for a reliable network. UTP cable should be laid at least 6 away from any parallel
power line. Power supply requirement is discussed in later section. In NIC we have five category of ducts available 15x15 mm,
15x25mm,25x30mm, 25x45mm and 45x45mm. In 15x15mm duct usually 3-4 cables can be laid.

It is preferable to use different ducts for Backbone channel and different for Horizontal channel. In turning and angles, plastic
tubes are used to avoid any exposure in the duct. PVC duct channels are used only for indoor cabling . For Over head and
underground Cabling , GI pipes are used. Special precautions are required to undertaking underground cabling. The indoor
Ducts should be laid at least one feet a above the ground and with minimum turns. The bending radius of the cable should not be
less than 6 times of its diameter.
Proper termination tools should be used for terminating UTP cables. Special punching tools are available for terminating the
cables in the Jack panel and IO box. RJ45 crimping tool is required to making patch cords the RJ45 connector.

Follow a nomenclature to identify each items

1.
Cable testing and certification :Once the cabling and termination is completed , then there should be site certification
to be done. This is done in to ensure that the physical connection and termination is as per specification and will ensure required
performance . The certification should be authenticated by the coordinator and the agent.
2.
Integration and configuration : Once the physical connection is done all the active devices as Switches, hubs, Clients
and Servers, are configured as per the proposed Network diagram.

6.3 Documentation :
Documentation is an important aspect , which is often ignored. After the completion of the LAN , it should be properly
documented with the final Network diagram, the cable routing layout , Nomenclature and termination details. This is very
important for management and trouble shooting. The final document should be handed over to the user for later reference.

Backbone connection details of Site

Equipment Room
Sl.No
1

Room
Computer Centre
2nd floor

Desciption

Node.
ID
12 port Switch Sw1-1
Sw1-2
Sw1-3
Sw1-4
Sw1-5
Sw1-6
Sw1-7
Sw1-8

Sw1-9

Rack No. Connected Jack port

To
R1
Proxy Server
Mail Server
H1A-1
H1B-1
H2-1
J1A-01
J1A-02
H3-1
J1A-03
J1A-04
H4-1
J1A-05
J1A-06
H6-1
J1A-07
J1A-08
J1A-09
J1A-10
H7-1
J1A-11
J1A-12
J1A-13
J1A-14

Level at
Jack End

H2-J2-01
H2-J2-02
H3-J3-01
H3-J3-02
H4-J4-01
H4-J4-02
H6-J6-01
H6-J6-02
J6-03
J6-04
H7-J7-01
H7-J7-02
J7-03
J7-04

Start

Cable Details
End
Length

6.4 Configuration of LAN

After the physical connection and link test is over the logical connectivity is done.
Use cross cable for connecting the switch to switch/hub.
The step to be followed is as follows.
Configuration of Switches and Hubs: Normally switches and hubs dont require any configuration. But it is required if one
want to enable special features as VLAN, filtering , management , in band and out band access , etc.
i.
Switch : To configure Baystack 350 T , a 9 pin console cable is connected to VT100 terminal or Hyper
terminal, with 9600baud,8bit,no parity and 1 stopbits. From main menu select Switch Configuration ,then IP configuration,
Give a IP address ( one from the range of Local segment) with the default gateway. Once configured it can be access through
an internet browser or telnet.
ii.
Configuring VLAN : Baystak 350 switch supports 64 port based VLAN . It supports port to be member of
multiple VLANs. This feature is not available in Baystack 304 T.Select Switch Configuration from Main menu , select
VLAN configuration. Then give select each port and make a member of the VLAN.
iii.
Configuring Hubs. Only manageable hubs can be configured. Connect a Terminal with 9600 baud, 8bits, no parity
and 1 stopbits. Give a IP address ( one from the range of Local segment) with the default gateway.

iv.
Configuring the Adapter card :Now most of the operating systems have the feature to automatically detect and
configure the adapter card . In case of windows 95/98 to following steps are followed.
From Control panel , select network, then add
, adapter , from the list select the appropriate driver. When finished go
back to add, select protocol . From protocol option select Microsoft , then TCP/IP.
Give the IP address from the local segment , default gateway , DNS . In case you are using DHCP then just select
automatically select IP address and default gateway as the IP address of the DNS server.