Assignment 3: Glycerol cooler

Step Number
Specifications
0
Flow
Tin
Tout
Average temperature
Density
Heat capacity
@110C
Viscosity
@110C
Thermal conductivity @110C
Available P

Overall calculations
Duty
Cooling water flow
Fluid allocation
Volumetric flow

Glycerol
3.78 kg/s
150 C
70 C
110 C
1230 kg/m3
2.847 kJ/kg.K
0.0083 kg/m.s
0.287 W/m.K
100 kPa

@32.2C
@32.2C
@32.2C

Shell

Glycerol
Tubes
0.003073 m3/s

U (estimated)

344 W/m2.K

T (hot)
T (cold)
Tlm

110 C
45 C
72.7 C
5.333
0.1200

R
S
FT (1 shell pass)

0.01382 m3/s

sqroot(R2+1)
sqroot((1-S)*(1-RS))

0.9904 Number of shell passes, Ns

FT (3 shell passes)

0.9980 one shell pass is OK

= FT*Tlm, using FT for required number of passes
69.76 C

Estimated area per shell, As

A (estimated)

35.88 m2

Tube size, do

0.75 in

0.01905 m

Tube pitch, pt

1 in

0.0254 m

Tube length, lt

12 ft

3.658 m

0.1963 ft2/ft
0.083 in

Tube outside area

Tube thickness
Inside diameter, di

0.584 in

Configuration
Total tube length required
Number of tubes required, nt

= *do, per unit length

0.0001728 m2/tube
45.0 W/m.K

599 m
164

Number of tube passes, Nt

Estimated tube velocity
Shell size (diameter), Ds

4 increase to get vt in range 1.5-2.5 m/s

1.952 m/s

Actual number of tubes, nt

178 try to get close to estimated number

17.25 in

Actual tube velocity, vt

1.797 m/s

Actual area per shell, As

38.96 m2

Number of baffles, nB

0.4382 m

Baffle spacing ratio, lB/Ds

Shell velocity, vs

0.3068 m/s

Shell equivalent diameter, de

0.7101 in

Shell flow area, as

0.01804 m

1.29 in2

11

Tube = Inside
34671
5.13

0.0170
965 m2

h
12

outside
0.001036

7959

Resistances
1/UC

0.001321 m2.K/W

wall
0.000077
UC

1/UD

0.002321 m2.K/W

UD

1/Urequired

0.003157 m2.K/W

431 W/m2.K
Note: 1/UD = 1/UC + Required Rd

Available Rd

0.001837 m2.K/W

= 1/Urequired - 1/UC

Required Rd

0.001000 m2.K/W

Arequired

28.64 m2

Wall temperature, Tw

45.4 C
0.209 kg/m.s

Corrected 1/UD

614 W/m2.K
0.00284 m2.K/W

inside
0.000207 m2.K/W
757 W/m2.K

= Q / (UD*FT*Tlm)

Water viscosity
Corrected hi

0.000592 kg/m.s
7398 W/m2.K

Corrected UD

352 W/m2.K

Corr Rd avail

0.001317 m2.K/W

Corrected Arequired

35.05 m2

Overdesign

11.2% = (Actual Area - Corrected Arequired)/Actual Area

15

Pressure drops
P
Maximum P

16

Design acceptable

jf

Note, formula depends on pitch type

0.01002 m2

Shell = Outside
820
82.33

Re
Pr
jh

Glycerol viscosity
Corrected ho

44.50 tubes/pass

check it is still in required range, 1.5-2.5 m/s

= As*Ns
Actual area
38.96 m2

40
= lt/nB
0.3 ft
0.09144 m
0.21 change no of baffles, nB, to get ratio in range 0.2-1.0 and vs in range 0.3-1.0 m/s

Baffle spacing, lB

14

Triangular

0.01483 m

0.2679 in2/tube
Thermal conductivity of tube wall, k

13

= Aest/Ns

35.88 m2

0.05985 m2/m
0.0021082 m

Tube flow area, at

10

5.4263
0.5628

0.9593

(max)

Water

FT (2 shell passes)
Tlm(cor)

(est)

860.9 kW
13.75 kg/s

Water
16.00 kg/s
25 C
40 C
32.5 C
994.9 kg/m3
4.174 kJ/kg.K
0.000765 kg/m.s
0.623 W/m.K
100 kPa

0.069
48780 Pa
100000 Pa

0.00563
61416 Pa
100000 Pa

Glycerol cooler

Just outside range (<10%)

Checking effect of various changes

Shell diameter (in)

13.25 15.25
3/4 in tubes Passes Number
2
106
138
4
86
122
6
82
118
1 in tubes
2
66
86
4
58
80
6
54
74
1 1/4 in tubes
2
36
51
4
32
45
6
28
42
Ao
m2
3/4 in tubes
2
30.9
40.3
4
25.1
35.6
6
23.9
34.4

Water flow
Density
Volumetric flow

13.75 kg/s
994.9 kg/m3
0.01382 m3/s

17.25 19.25

57.2
52.0
50.2

13.25
15.25
17.25
Flow area
0.000173 m2/tube
250
0.0092
0.0119
0.0169
226
0.0037
0.0053
0.0077
216
0.0024
0.0034
0.0050
0.000352 m2/tube
152
0.0116
0.0152
0.0208
140
0.0051
0.0070
0.0093
136
0.0032
0.0043
0.0061
0.000595 m2/tube
91
0.0107
0.0152
0.0196
86
0.0048
0.0067
0.0092
78
0.0028
0.0042
0.0058
Velocity
m/s
73.0
1.51
1.16
0.82
66.0
3.72
2.62
1.80
63.0
5.85
4.07
2.79

196
178
172
118
106
104
66
62
58

1 in tubes

2
4
6

25.7
22.6
21.0

33.5
31.1
28.8

45.9
41.3
40.5

59.2
54.5
52.9

1.19
2.70
4.36

1 1/4 in tubes

2
4
6

17.5
15.6
13.6

24.8
21.9
20.4

32.1
30.2
28.2

44.3
41.8
37.9

1.29
2.90
4.97

19.25

13.25

15.25

17.25

19.25

0.0216
0.0098
0.0062

37385
92159
144982

28716
64965
100750

20219
44526
69119

15851
35069
55039

0.0268
0.0123
0.0080

39255
89339
143935

30126
64771
105034

21956
48884
74735

17045
37012
57151

0.0271
0.0128
0.0077

53250
119813
205393

37588
85200
136929

29045
61839
99155

21066
44581
73731

0.64
1.42
2.22

0.00553
0.00453
0.00413

0.00589
0.00489
0.00445

0.00642
0.00532
0.00482

0.00683
0.00562
0.00507

0.00582
0.00489
0.00441

0.00629
0.00520
0.00474

0.00670
0.00555
0.00503

0.00553
0.00461
0.00418
kPa
26
16
274
143
964
486

0.00587
0.00494
0.00446

0.00635
0.00531
0.00475

8
71
240

5
45
157

Re

0.91
1.96
3.18

0.66
1.48
2.26

0.52
1.12
1.73

0.00547
0.00456
0.00414

0.70
1.50
2.40

0.51
1.08
1.79

0.00511
0.00429
0.00386

2
4
6

0.91
2.06
3.32
W/m2.K
8453
6845
17398
13152
24998
18683

5170
9722
13821

4255
8032
11519

2
4
6

6155
11883
17404

4980
9188
13526

3867
7336
10302

3158
5872
8312

13
119
442

8
65
243

4
38
128

3
23
77

2
4
6

6044
11562
17796

4574
8802
12866

3721
6812
9938

2878
5243
7841

13
118
497

7
62
228

4
33
123

2
18
70

hi

deltaP

Heat Exchanger Design

Step Number
1

Student number CHMAND002

Designation
Fluid
Tin
Tout

Estimated Uo, (Uo)est

LMTD
Counterflow Area, (Ao)est,cf

Tube-side
Beer
-1.04 C
-2.00 C
-1.5 C
1006.8 kg/m3
4.2 kJ/kg.K
0.001792 kg/m.s
0.134 W/m.K
24.16 kg/s
4200.00 J/kg

Average temperature
Density
Heat capacity
Viscosity
Thermal conductivity
Mass flow rate
Hvap
Pressure
Duty
Unknown temperature
Volumetric flow

4.5

Y
Z
sqroot(Z2+1)
sqroot((1-Y)*(1-ZY))
F (1 shell pass)
F (2 shell passes)
Number of shell passes, Ns

2.171 kJ/kg.K
0.0002104 kg/m.s
0.54196 W/m.K
0.07 kg/s
1310.90 kJ/kg
20.71 bar

0.000114 m3/s

Enter this information

for each iteration

10.41 K

T1

8.96

14.40 m2

T2

12.00

0.0741
4.167
4.285
0.8001
0.9940
0.999
1
0.994 (from charts if Ns>2)

Estimated Area, (Ao)est

14.5 m2

Est. area per shell, (Ao)s,est

14.5 m2

Tube size, do

Tube pitch, Pt
Pitch configuration
Rear end head type
Tema Code
Est number of tubes, (nt)est (calc)

0.69 in
0.065 in

0.01753 m
0.00165 m

0.560 in

0.01700 m

16 ft

4.00000 m

0.94 in
Triangular (Triangular or Square) T
S

From C+R Table 9.13: For use in equation relating

tube bundle diameter to number of tubes

0.026 m

Number of tube-passes
a
Triangular
pitch
b
a
Square

AES
66 (per shell)

Est number of tubes, (nt)est

pitch

2
0.249
2.207
0.156

4
0.175
2.285
0.158

6
0.0743
2.499
0.040

8
0.0365
2.675
0.0331

2.291

2.263

2.617

2.643

415.8 (per shell)

Number of tube passes, Nt

2 (an even number)

Estimated tube flow area, (ai)est

10

Enter this information

once for each problem

650 W/m2.K

Tube length, Lt

-14 C
-10 C
-12 C
652.5 kg/m3

0.02400 m3/s

Tube thickness
Inside diameter, di

Shellside
Ammonia

97426.0 W or J/s
-2.00 C

F (Chosen for calcs)

6

MTMONK001

0.04719 m

0.249

b=

2.207

Either enter this information for each iteration

or programme to select from table above.

Estimated tube velocity, (vi)est

0.509 m/s

Is this in the recommended No

Estimated bundle diameter (db)est

Estimated shell-bundle clearance
Estimated shell diameter, (Ds)est

19.91 in
68 mm

0.506 m
(from C+R Fig 9.68)

22.59 in

Shell diameter, Ds

a=

These three rows only

necessary if tables not available

0.5737 m

35 in

0.6500 m

If you have tables you can ignore the previous three rows

0.582
11

Actual shell-bundle clearance

Actual bundle diameter, db

582 mm
32.32 in

Actual number of tubes, nt (calc)

1212

Actual number of tubes, nt

0.002 m/s

Actual area per shell, (A o)s

92.50 m2

Actual area, (Ao)actual

92.50 m

Baffle Cut
Number of baffles, nB

0.2825 m

Shell velocity, vo

0.0004 m/s

Designation
Tavg
Initial wall temperatures, (Tw)est

Yes

Is this in the recommended range?

Tubeside
-1.5

-13.5 C
-1133.9 C
0.001792 kg/m.s

Power of Pr, n (tube-side only)

Equiv diameter, de (shell-side only)

No

Shellside
-12

23
56.17
0.9
7 W/m2.K

Thermal cond. of tube wall, k

Inside fouling factors
Outside fouling factor
Resistances:
Outside, 1/ho

45.0 W/m.K
m2.K/W
m2.K/W

-13.5 C
1704.6 C
0.00021044 kg/m.s

0.3

0.4
0.03158 m
39
0.84

(from viscosity chart or table)

(Depends on whether fluid being heated or cooled)
(Depends on pitch configuration)

0.0062
0
4 W/m2.K

(Enter here if given separately; otherwise

just enter overall value below)

0.251991 m2.K/W

Inside, (do/di)(1/hi)

0.139094 m2.K/W
0.000006 m2.K/W
0.000300 m2.K/W

Wall
Overall fouling
1/(Uo)actual

(Calculated from separate fouling factors or entered directly)

0.391391 m2.K/W

(Uo)actual

3 W/m2.K

(Ao)reqd

3686.34 m2
97.5%

Overdesign factor
Designation
Pipe roughness, e (tube-side only)

1
Tubeside
0.00015 ft
0.000046 m

ff (tubeside only)

Shellside

0.28640

jf (shell-side only)
P

2 Pa
0 kPa
50 kPa

Maximum P
22

1333

Nu
h

20/21

0.13

0.05

Are these in the

recommended ranges?

2.05

Shell flow area, ao

Re
Pr
jh (shell-side only)

19

0.2Ds
2
1.333 m

Corrected wall temperatures, T w

Wall viscosities (w)

16

Is this still in the recommended range?

25 %

Baffle spacing ratio, LB/Ds

14/15

If you have tables you can ignore the previous three rows

0.0477 m2

Actual tube velocity, vi

Baffle spacing, LB

13/17/18

These three rows only

necessary if tables not available

0.8210 m

420 (an even number)

Tube flow area, ai

12

(from C+R Fig 9.68)

Lt/Ds

6.15
Typical

0.048
0 Pa
0 kPa
50 kPa