DESIGN

OF
FOOTING

SQUARE COLUMN
FOOTING

Amit Sharma

General Principle of Design

Let the column section be b x b
Let the footing area be x
Let the safe bearing capacity of the soil be p
per unit area.
Let the weight on the column be W,
including the weight of the column.
Let the weight of the footing be Wf
The weight of the footing may be approximately
estimated as 10 % of the load on the column.
Area required for the foundation =

Amit Sharma

Depth Of The Footing

Calculation of Depth of footing from Bending Moment Consideration
The critical section for maximum bending moment corresponds to the
column face.
As per IS 456:2000 , Clause No. 34.2.3.2
Page 65
Let p be the net upward pressure intensity.

(The weight of the footing should not be

considered while finding the net upward
pressure on the footing)

Maximum bending moment at the

critical section
Factored moment = Mu = 1.5 M

M=
Amit Sharma

Equating the Mu,lim to Mu , we can determine the effective depth required.

If M 20 and Fe 415 steel be used then equating Mu,lim to Mu we get
0.138 ck bd2 = Mu

Generally the depth of the footing required is greater than the value
determined above to limit the shear stress.
Actual depth may be 25% to 30% greater than the value determined above.
Amit Sharma

Effective cover to reinforcement

=
Clear cover to lower layer of bar
+
diameter of bar
+
half diameter of bar

The clear cover may be 60 mm for footing reinforcement.

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Check For Shear

Check for shear shall be made at the following critical sections

Critical section for one way shear

Critical section for two way shear

This critical section is a vertical

section taken at a distance
equal to the effective depth from
the face of the column.

Two way shear means, the total

shear
on
the
perimeter
surrounding the column at a
distance of half the effective
depth from the face of the
column.

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Check for One Way Shear

Shear force at this critical section

Factored shear = Vu = 1.5 V

Nominal shear stress at this critical section
=

b = width of the footing at the top of the critical section

d = effective depth at this critical section

shall not exceed the design shear strength

Amit Sharma

Determination of c
(IS 456: 2000 ; Page: 73)

Amit Sharma

Check for Two Way Shear

Refer Clause # 31.6.3: IS 456: 2000 ; Page: 58
The nominal shear stress ( v )
calculated on this basis should not
exceed Ks c

Ks = ( 0.5 + c )

< 1

c = Ratio of short side to long side

of the column section
Amit Sharma

NUMERICAL - 1
A square column 500 mm x 500 mm carries an axial load of 1500 KN.
Design the column and a square footing for the column.
The safe bearing capacity of the soil is 225 KN/m2 .
Use M 20 grade of concrete and Fe 415 steel.

SOLUTION
DESIGN OF COLUMN
Load on the column = W = 1500 KN
Factored Load

= Pu = 1.5 x 1500 = 2250 KN

Overall area of the column section =

Area of steel = Asc mm2

500 x 500

Area of concrete = Ac = ( 250000 - Asc ) mm2

Ultimate Load = Pu = 0.4ck Ac + 0.67 y Asc

0.4 x 20 x ( 250000 - Asc )
Asc = 925.75 mm2

= 250000 mm2

= 2250 x 103 N

0.67 x 415 x Asc

= 2250 x 103

LetsAmit
provide
4 bars of 20 mm ( 1256 mm2 )
Sharma

Lateral Ties
The diameter of the lateral ties shall not be less than
diameter of the longitudinal bars = ( 20 ) = 5 mm
6 mm
Hence provide 6 mm ties.

Pitch of Lateral Ties

The pitch of the lateral ties shall not be more than the least of the following

Least lateral dimension of the column = 500 mm

16 times the diameter of the longitudinal bars = 16 x 20 = 320 mm

300 mm

Hence pitch = p = 300 mm

Sharma
Let us provideAmit
6 mm
ties @ 300 mm c /c

Design of Foundation
Load on the column

= 1500 KN

Weight of the footing = 10% of column load = 10% of 1500 KN = 150 KN

Total Load = 1650 KN

Safe Bearing capacity of soil =

225 KN / m2

Area of the foundation =

Side of footing =

= 7.333 m2
= 2.71 m

Provide 2.75 m x 2.75 m of footing.

Net upward pressure intensity = p

Amit Sharma

= 198347.11 N / m2

Depth From B.M. Consideration

Critical section for bending moment is shown in the Figure.
Projection beyond the critical section
=
Maximum Bending Moment = M
=

198347.11
x

( 1.125 /2 )

2.75

1.125

= 345170 Nm

Factored moment = Mu

= 1.5 x 345170

= 1.5 M

= 517755 Nm

Amit Sharma

Equating Mu,lim to Mu

0.138 ck bd2 = 0.138 x 20 x 500 x d2

= 517755 x 1000

d = 613 mm
Providing 12 mm bars at a clear cover of 60 mm
Effective cover to upper layer of bars =
Overall depth required =

613

78

60 +

12

= 78 mm

= 691 mm

The depth may be increased by 30 % to limit the shear stresses.

Hence provide an overall depth of 900 mm .
Actual effective depth = d = 900
78 =
AmitSharma

822 mm

Check for One Way Shear

Let the depth of the footing

at the edge be 300 mm .

1125 mm

=
600 mm

x
900 mm

300 mm
As per
34.1.3;
Pg: 64

Amit Sharma

Check for One Way Shear

Shear force at the critical section =
= 165272.73 N
Factored Shear = Vu = 1.5 x 165272.73

Amit Sharma

= 247909.09 N

822

822

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Check for Two Way Shear

d
= 4 ( 500 + 822 )

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

RECTANGULAR
COLUMN FOOTING

Amit Sharma

NUMERICAL -1
A rectangular column 600 mm x 400 mm carries an axial load of 800 KN.
Design a rectangular footing to support the column. The safe bearing
capacity of the soil is 200 KN / m2. Use M 20 concrete and Fe 415 steel.

Amit Sharma

The plan dimensions of the foundation must be such that the projections
beyond the column faces should be equal.

Let the length of the foundation be L meters.

Equating the projections beyond the column faces

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

As per IS 456 : 2000 ,

Clause # 34.3.1 ( Page 65 )
= Ratio of the long side to the short side of the footing

Provide 13 bars of 10 mm
(1027 mm2 ) in a central band
of 2000 mm and provide one
more bar of 10 mm at each
end.

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Amit Sharma

Check For One Way Shear

The thickness of the footing at the edges = 300 mm
Critical section X1X1 is considered at a distance equal to the effective depth from
the face of the column i.e., at a distance of 555 mm from the face of the column
Shear Force at this critical section X1X1

V = 181820 x 2.20 x 0.245 = 98000 N

Factored Shear = Vu = 1.5 x 98000
= 147000 N
Overall Depth of the critical section = D =

Effective Depth of the critical section = d =

Amit Sharma

Similarly the shear stress can also be checked at a critical section Y1Y1 at
a distance of effective depth from Amit
theSharma
400 mm face of the column.