Vectors 13 14

GROUP (A)- CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
i.e. QR is scalar multiple of PQ
Q-1) If a , b , c are the position vectors of the

points
A, B, C respectively Such that
3a + 5b = 8c , then find the ratio in which

i) C divides AB, ii) A divides BC
PQ & P R belong to same line
points P, Q and R are collinear
Q-3) ABCD is a quadrillateral M and N are

mid points of the diagonal AC and BD
respectively. Show that
Ans. i) We are given that
AB + AD + CB + CD = 4MN .
3a + 5b = 8c
Ans. Let a , b, c , d , m , n be the position vectors of
3a + 5b 5b + 3a
c =
=
8
5+3
C divides AB internally in the ratio 5 : 3
vertices A, B, C, D, M , N respectively.
Since M and N are midpoints of diagonal
AC and BD respectively.
ii) We are given that

3a + 5b = 8c
3a = 8c 5b
8c 5b 8c 5b
a=
=
3
83
A divides BC externally in the ratio 8 : 5.
m =
a +c
,
2
n =
b +d
2
2m
= a + c & 2n
= b +d
(i)
Now AB + AD + CB + CD
Q-2) Show that the points whose position
= b a +d a +b c +d c
vectors are 5a + 6b + 7c , 7a + 6b + 9c and
= 2b + 2d 2a 2c
3a + 6b + 5c are collinear.
Ans. Let
p = 5a + 6b + 7c ,
( ) ( )
= 4n 4m
r = 3a + 6b + 5c ,
= 4 n m
= qp
=
QR
... (i)
(3a + 6b + 5c ) ( 7a + 6b + 9c )
= 4a 4c
AB + AD + CB + CD
= 4MN
= r q
=
= 4MN
(7a + 6b + 9c ) (5a + 6b + 7c )
= 2a + 2c
= 2 2n 2 2m
q = 7a + 6b + 9c ,
PQ
) (
= 2 b + d 2 a + c (using i)
Q-4) G and Gare centroids of ABC and ABC.

Show AA + BB + CC = 3GG .
Ans. Let a , b, c , a ', b ', c ', g and g ' are the position
2 2a + 2c
2PQ [using i]
vectors of A,B,C,A,B,C,G and G respectively

with respect to some origin O.
G and G are the centroid of ABC and ABC
Vectors
Mahesh Tutorials Science
a +b +c
3
3g
= a +b +c
...[from (i), (ii) and (iii)]
...[i] And
a '+ b '+ c '

3
g'
3g '
= a '+ b '+ c '
L.H.S. =
c + a a +b b + c
+
2
2
2
...[ii]
AA '+ BB '+ CC '
(a ' a ) + (b ' b ) + (c ' c )
(a '+ b '+ c ') (a + b + c )
= 3g ' 3g
= 3GG '
Q-5) D, E, F, are mid - point of sides BC, CA, AB,

respectively of ABC, show
1
c +a +a +b b c
1
2a
2
( )
= OA
= a
= R.H.S.
Hence proved.
(ii) L.H.S.
2
1
BE + CF
3
3
AD +
(d a ) + 23 (e b ) + 13 ( f
b +c
2 c +a
1 a +b
= 2 a + 3 2 b + 3 2 c
i) OE + OF + DO = OA
ii) AD +
2
1
1
BE + CF = AC
3
3
2
Ans. Let a , b, c , d , e and f be position vectors of

A, B , C , D , E and F respectively w. r. t.point
O in the plane Here D,E,F are the mid-points
of BC, CA and AB.
b +c
2
...(i);
e =
c +a
2
...(ii)
f =
a +b
2
...(iii)
(i) L.H.S.
3b + 3c 6a + 2a 4b + b 2c
6
1
3c 3a
1
c a
1
AC
2
= OE + OF + DO
= OE + OF OD
= e+ f d
Vectors
b + c 2a 2 c + a 2b
a + b 2c
+
+
2
6
6
Using mid-point formula,

d =
b + c 2a 2 c + a 2b
+
2
3
2
1 a + b 2c
+
3
2
= R.H.S. Hence proved
Q-6) AB and CD are two chords of a circle
= 2 P 2P
intersecting at right angles in P. Show that

PA + PB + PC + PD = 2PO where O is centre
of the circle.
2P = 2PO
Hence proved.
Ans. Draw OQ AB and OR CD

Let a, b, c , d, p, q and r
are the position
vectors of A,B,C,D,P,Q and R respectively with
Q-7) If a , b , c and d are the position vectors of

the points A, B, C and D respectively such
that 2a + 7b = 5c + 4d . Prove that AB and
CD intersect.
respect to centre O. Q and R are the midpoints of AB and CD respectively.
Ans. Given 2a + 7b = 5c + 4d
2a + 7b
2+7
=
A
5c + 4d
5+4
= e (say)
P B
D
Let e is the position vector of E. E .
By section formula,
Using mid-point formula,
E divides AB internally in the ratio 7 : 2 and

CD internally in the ratio 4 : 5
a +b
2
2q
= a +b
2r
= c +d
...(i)
c +d
2
E is the point on both AB and CD.
AB and CD intersect in E.
Q-8) In ABC, O is circumcenter, H is orthocenter

then prove that
...(ii)
i) OA + OB + OC = OH
L.H.S.
ii) HA + HB + HC = 2 AO + BO + CO
= PA + PB + PC + PD
=
=
(a p ) + (b p ) + (c p ) + (d p )
Ans. Let a , b, c , o and h are p.v. of A,B,C,O and H

respectively.
(a + b ) + (c + d ) 4 p
= 2q + 2r 4 p
L.H.S.
We know that, if O,G and H are collinear then

G divides OH in the ratio 1:2 where G is
[from (i) and (ii)
= 2 q + r 2p
centroid and g is its position vector.
...(i)
By section formula
Now, OQPR is a rectangle, hence it is also

parallelogram
by parallelogram law
OP
= OQ + OR
= q +r
h + 2o
1+ 2
3g
= h + 2o
(i)
i) L.H.S.
...(ii)
Substituting (ii) in (i) we get,
= OA + OB + OC
=
(a b ) + (b o ) + (c o )
Vectors
= a + b + c 3o
a +b +c
= 3g 3o g =
3
M and N are mid points of AB and CD

respectivrly.
m =
a +b
and
2
= h o
n =
c +d
2
= OH
2m
= a + b and 2n = c + d
= R.H.S. Hence proved
L.H.S.
= h + 2o 3o
from equation (i)
ii) L.H.S.
=
AD + AC
= d a +c b
HA + HB + HC
=
= a h +b h +c h
(c + d ) (a + b )
= 2n 2m
= a + b + c 3h
= 3g 3h
= 2 n m
= h + 2o 3h from eq. (i)
= 2MN
= 2o 2h
= 2 o h
R.H.S.
Q-10) If ai + 3 j + bk is unit vector, prove that
a2 + b2 + 8 = 0
= 2HO
Ans. Let
= 2 AO + BO + CO
) (
) (
r = ai + 3 j + bk
(ii)
= 2 o a + o b + o c
= 2 3o 3g
= 2 3o h + 2o
a 2 + b2 + 9
= 1
a 2 + b2 + 9
= 1
a 2 + b2 + 9
= 1
= 2 3o h 2o
a 2 + b2 + 8
= 0
Q-11) If a , b , c are position vectors of AB and C
= 2 o h
= 2HO
r =
But r
= 2 3o a + b + c
where A (0, 2, 1), B (0, 1,3),

C
(0 , 1,2) F in d x and y su ch that
(iii)
c = xa + yb
From equations (ii) and (iii)

L.H.S. = R.H.S. Hence proved.
Ans. a = 2 j k ;
Q-9) ABCD is a quadrilateral M and N are mid points of the diagonal AC and BD
respectively. Show that AD + BC = 2MN .
Ans. Let a , b, c , d , m, n be the position vectors of
points A,B,C,D,M,N w.r.t a fixed point
Vectors
(i)
b =
j + 3k ;
c =
j + 2k
c =
xa + yb
j + 2k
x 2 j k + y j + 3k
j + 2k
( 2x y ) j + ( x + 3y ) k
2x y
= 1
... (i) and
x + 3y = 2
3 3i + j + k
... (ii)
) (
= 3 3i + j k + i + 5 j + 2k
Solving equations (i) and (ii) x = 1 and y = 1
+ x1i + y1 j + z1k
Q-12) If A(3, 2, -1), B(2, 3, 4), C(0, 5,14) then show

that the points A, B, C are collinear and
find the ratio in which B divides segment
AC.
Ans. AB
=
AC
( 3 +1 x1 ) i + (1+ 5 + y1 ) j + ( 1+ 2 + z1 ) k
9i + 9 j + 3k
i + j + 5k
=
= c a
=
AC
9i + 9 j + 3k
=
= b a
By equality of vectors, we have,
3i + 3 j +15k
= 3AB
( x1 + 4 ) i + (y1 + 6 ) j + ( z1 +1) k
9 = x1 + 4, 9 = y1 + 6 and 3 = z1 + 1
x1 = 5,y1 = 3 and z1 = 2
C(5,3,2)
= 3b 3a c + 2a
c = 5j + 3j +k
c a = 3 b a c a
Let P be the midpoint of BC.
= 3b
Then by midpoint formula, we have,
c + 2a
=
3
1.c + 2a
B
1+ 2
divides seg AC internally in the ratio 1:2.
b +c
, where p is the position vector
2
p
of P.
p =
(i + 5 j + 2k )(5i + 3 j + 2k )
2
A, B, C are collinear.
=
Q-13) If A(3,1,1), B(1,5,2) are the vertices and

G(3,3,1) is the centroid of the triangle ABC
then by Vector method, find the mid-point
of the BC.
1
6i + 8 j + 4k 3i + 4 j + 2k
2
midpoint of the side BC is (3,4,2).
GROUP (A)- HOME WORK PROBLEMS
Ans. Let C be ( x1, y1, z1 ) .

Then the postion vectors a, b, c , g of the points
A, B, C, G are
a = 3i + j k ,
b = i + 5 j + 2k ,
c = x1i + y1 j + z1k ,
g = 3i + 3 j + k ,
Since G is the centroid of the ABC, by the
Q-1) A and B are two points with position

vectors a and b . If point C and D have
position vectors 5a 4b and
prove A, B, C, D are collinear.
Ans. Let c and d respectively be position vectors
of points C and D
c = 5a 4b
centroid formula,
3g
a +b +c
3
= a +b +c
3a + 5b
,
8
d =
3a + 5b
8
c =
5a 4b
54
Vectors
d =
and point Q is common point
3a + 5b
3+5
point C divides seg. AB externally in the ratio

4:5
points A, B, C are collinear points ...(i)
point D divides seg. AB internally in the ratio

5 : 3.
...(ii)
points A, B, C, D are collinear points from
PQ and QR are collinear
points P, Q, R are collinear.
Q-3) If points P, Q, R, S have position vectors
p, q, r , s such that p q = 2 s r . Show

that the lines QS and PR trisect each other.
Ans. p q
(i, ii)
= 2s 2r
p + 2r
= q + 2s
p + 2r
3
q + 2s
3
p + 2r
1+ 2
q + 2s
1+ 2
Q-2) Show that the point P, Q, R with position

vectors a 3b + c , 2a + 3b + 4c and
b + 2c are collinear.
Ans. Let p, q ,r respectively be position vectors of
points P, Q, R w.r.t a fixed point.
= m
above is position vector of a point which
= a 3b + c
divies PR and QS internally in the ratio 2 : 1
2a + 3b + 4c
i.e. point M (say) divides PR and QS internally

in the ratio 2 : 1
b + 2c
PQ
= qp
Q-4) A, B, C are three points with position
) (
= 2a + 3b + 4c a 3b + c
PQ
3a + 6b + 3c
PQ
3 a 2b c
PQ
3
= a 2b c
QR
= r q
) (
w .r.t
origin
O.
If
collinear.
Ans. 7c
...(i)
= 2a 4b 2c
= 4a + 3b
4a + 3b
7
4a + 3b
4+3
point c divides seg AB internally in the ratio

3:4
= b + 2c + 2a 3b 4c
a, b, c
vectors
7c = 4a + 3b , p rove th at A, B, C are
= b + 2c 2a + 3b + 4c
= 2 a 2b c
PR and QS trisect each other.
points A, B, C are collinear points.
Q-5) P, Q, R are three points with position

vectors p, q,r w.r.t some origin O. If
PQ
= 2 3
QR
2r = 5 p 3q then prove that P, Q, R are

collinear.
2
PQ
3
i.e QR is scalar multiple of PQ
Ans. 2r
= 5 p 3q
5 p 3q
2
5 p 3q
53
QR and PQ parallel or collinear
Vectors
point R divides seq. PQ externally in the

ratio 3 : 5.
b +c a +c a +b
+
+
2
2
2
2a + 2b + 2c
2
points P, Q, R are collinear.
Q-6) D, E, F are mid-points of the sides BC, CA

and AB respectively of ABC. O is any point
in the plane of ABC Show that,
2 a +b +c
=
i) AD + BE + CF = 0
= a +b +c
ii) OA + OB + OC = OD + OE + OF
= OA + OB + OC
iii) BC = 2FE
= L.H.S
Ans. Let a , b , c , d , e , f respectively be position

vectors of points A, B, C, D, E, F write a fixed
point .
iii)
=2 e f
R.H.S = 2 FE
a + c a + b
= 2 2 2

a + c a b
= 2
= c b
point D. E. F are mid points of sides BC, AC
= BC
and AB respectvely
b +c
,
d =
2
= L.H.S
Q-7) The position vectors of four points A, B, C

and D are a , b , 2a + 3b , a 2b
a +c
,
e =
2
f =
a +b
2
i) AD + BE + CF
respectively. Express the vectors AC + DB

and BC in terms of a and b
Ans. Let position vectors of pts. A, B, C, D be
a ,b ,c ,d
then
= d a +e b + f c
= 2a + 3b ,
b +c
a +c
a +b
a +
b+
c
=
2
2
2
= a 2b
AC
= c a
2a 2a + 2b 2b + 2c 2c
2
0
2
= 2a + 3b a
= a + 3b
DB
= b a 2b
= R.H.S
= 3b a
ii) R.H.S = OD + OE + OF
= d +e + f
= b d
BC
= c b
= 2a + 3b b
Vectors
= 2a + 2b
d
Q-8) A divides seg PQ internally in the ratio
the ratio 5 : 2. Express AB in terms of p, q
and r .
Ans. Let a,b, p, q and r be position vectors of points
A, B, P, Q and R w.r.t a fixed point.
a =
a =
( )
.... (ii)
c (1+ x ) = a + xb
.... (iii)
d (1 x ) = a xb
.... (iv)
Adding equation (iii) and (iv)
point A divides seg PQ internally in the ratio

1:3
c (1+ x ) + d (1 x )
1 q +3p
a + xb
1 x
From (i) and (ii)
1 : 3 and B divides seg QR externally in
a =
= 2a
(1 + x ) c + (1 x ) d
2
1+ 3
q +3p
4
a =
...(i)
point B divided seg QR externally in the

ratio 5 : 2
(1 + x ) c + (1 x )
(1 + x ) + (1 x )
A divides OC in ratio
(1 + x) : (1 x)
or A divides CD internally in ratio
5r 2q
52
5r 2q
3
AB
= b a
(1 x) : (1 + x)
i.e.
...(ii)
1 x
1+ x
Now, equation (iii) - (iv)
5r 2q q + 3 p
3
4
20 r 8 q 3 q 9 p
12
1
20 r 11 q 9 p
12
c (1+ x ) d (1 x )
b =
b =
B divides CD externally in ratio
inernally and externally respectively. Show
Ans. Let a , b , c , d be position vectors of point A,

B, C, D respectively C divides AB internally
in ratio x : 1.
By internall division formula,
a + xb
=
1+ x
2x
(1 + x ) c (1 x ) d
(1 + x ) (1 x )
1 x
A and B divides CD in ratio
1+ x
and
Q-10) If the vectors 2i q j + 3k
are collinear, then find q.
4i 5 j + 6k
Ans. Let
.... (i)
(1 + x ) c (1 x ) d
1 x
(1 x) : (1 + x) i.e.
1+ x
Q-9) The points C and D divides AB in ratio x : 1
1 x
that A and B divides CD in ratio
1+ x
= 2xb
a = 2i q j + 3k and

b = 4i 5 j + 6k
D ddivides AB externally in ratio x : 1
By esternal division formula,
Since the vectors a and b are collinear, the

components of i , j and k in a and b are
proportional.
Vectors
2
=
4
q
5
3
6
1
=
2
q
5
1
2
q =
5
2
3 : 1.
ii) Putting = 3 in equation (2), we get
3( 3 + 1)
6 = 3q
ii) the values of and q.
Q-12) The position vectors of the points A and B

and 3i + 2 j respectively.
are 2i j + 5k
Find the position vector of the point which

divides the line segment AB internally in
Then a = 3i + 0.j + pk ,
the ratio 1 : 4
i + q j + 3k and
Ans. The position vectors a and b of the points A

and B are
c = 3i + 3 j + 0.k
a = 2i j + 5k and
i) As the points A, B, C, are collinear,

suppose the point C divides line segment AB
b =
in the ratio : 1.
divides the line segment AB internally in the

ratio 1 : 4
.b +1a
. +1
by the section formula for internal division,
3i + 3 j + 0.k
) (
i + q j + 3k + 3i + 0.j + pk

=
c =
+1
=
( +1) 3i + 3 j + 0.k

=
( i + q j + 3k ) + (3i + 0.j + pk )
( + 3 ) i + 3qi + ( 3 + p ) k
By equality of vectors, we have,

3(
+ 1) = + 3
.... (i)
3(
+ 1) =
.... (ii)
0 = 3
+p
1.b + 4a
1+ 4
( 3i + 2j ) + 4 ( 2i j + 5k )

5
3 ( +1) i + 3 ( +1) i + 0.k
3i + 2 j
Let C be the point, with position vector ,
by the section formula,

c =
p = 9
Hence p = 9 and q = 2
Ans. Let a , b and c be the position vectors of A, B

and c respectively.
b =
= 2
0 = 9 + p
C(3, 3,0) are collinear, then find

the ratio in which the point C divides
the line segment AB
= 3q
Also, putting = 3 in equation (3), we get,
Q-11) If the points A(3, 0, p), B(1, q, 3) and
i)
C divides segment AB externally in the ratio
.... (iii)
c =
1
5i 2 j + 20k
5
2
i j + 4k
5
Q-13) If P is orthocentre, Q is the circmentre and

G is the centroid of a triangle ABC, then
prove that QP = 3QG
Ans. Let p and q be the position vectors of P and
G w.r.t the circumcentre Q.
From equation (i), 3

3 =
+3
i.e., QP = p and QG = g
2
=6
= 3
we knoe that Q, G, P are collinear and G divides

segment QP internally in the ratio 1 : 2
Vectors
10
by section formula for internal division,

1. p + 2q
1+ 2
= 3q
QP
= 3QG
p
3
pi + q j + 7k ;
AB
= b a
( 3i + 4 j + 5k ) (i + 2 j + 3k )
= 2i + 2 j + 2k
AC
= c a
Q-14) If A(a, 2, 2), B(a, b, 1) If C(1, 2, 2) are

vertices of ABC and G(2, 1, c) is its
centroid find a, b and c.
Ans. Let a , b , c , g be position vectors pf points
A, B, C, G respectively
( pi + p j + 7k ) (i + 2 j + 3k )
( p 1) i + (q 2) j + 4k
AB and AC are collinear

AB = mAC [m : nonzero scalar]
b = ai + bj + k,
2i + 2 j + 2k
c = i + 2 j 2k,
3g
= a +b +c
4m = 2 m(p 1) = 2 p 1 = 4 m (q 2) = 2
m = 2/4 = 1/2 4/2 (p 1) = 2 p = 5
a +b +c
3
3 2i + j ck
= m ( p 1) i + ( q 2) j + uk
Comparing the of i , j , k on both sides we get
g = 2i + j ck
... (ii)
Given thaty the points are collinear
a = ai + 2 j + 2k,
G is centroid of ABC
... (i)
1
(q 2) = 2
2
q =6
Q-16) If the three points A(4,5,p). B(q,2,4) and
C(5,8,0) are collinear then find
= 6i + 3 j 3ck = ( 2a +1) i + ( 4 + b ) j + k
i) The ratio in which the point C divides

the line AB
Comparing the coefficeients of i , j , k on both

sides
we get 2a + 1 = 6
ii) The values of p and q.

Ans. Let a, b,& c be the position vectors of A, B &
4+b=3
3c = 1
C respectively.
a = 4i + 5 j + p.k,
5
2
b = qi + 2 j + 4k,
b = 1
c = 5i + 8 j + 0k,
a=
c = 1/3
i) As the point A,B & C are collinear,

Suppose the point C divides line segment
Q-15) If A (1, 2, 3), B (, 4, 5) and C (p, q, 7) are
AB in the ratio :1
collinear points. Find p & q.

Ans. Let a , b , c , g be position vectors pf points
A, B, C, G respectively
= i + 2 j + 3k ;
= 3i + 4 j + 5k ;
Vectors
By the section fromula.
c =
.b +1.a
+1
+1 5i + 8 j + 0k
11
) (
= qi + 2 j + 4k + 4i + 5 j + Pk
Then p = i 2 j + k and q = i + 4 j 2k
internally in the ratio 2 :1, by section formula
( q + 4) i + ( 2 + 5 ) j + ( 4 + P ) k
for internal division,
By equality of vectors, we have

5(+1) = q + 4
... (1)
8(+1) = 2 + 5
... (2)
0 = 4 + P
R (r) di vide s line se gme nt PQ
Sinc e
5 ( +1) i + 8 ( +1) j + 0.k
r =
... (3)
2q +1. p
2 +1
) (
2 i + 4 j 2k + i 2 j + k
From (1)
5 + 5 = q + 4
5 q = 1
2i + 8 j 4k + i 2 j + k
3
1
3i + 6 j 3k
3
... (5)
From (2)
8 + 8 = 2 + 5
6 = 3
x=
1
2
r = i + 2 j k
coordinates of R are (1,2 1).
... (6)
C divides segment AB externally in the

ratio 1 : 2
1 1
1
ii) 5 q = 1 Substitue =
2
2
2

Q-18) Find unit vectors along a, b and AB if

A (1, 2, 4) and B (2, 1, 5) .
Ans. A (1, 2, 4)
B (2, 1, 5)
Let a, b be the position vectors of A and B.
w.r.t fixed point.
in (5)
5 q
+
2 2
= i + 2 j + 4k ,
5+q=2
= 2i j + 5k
q=3
AB
= b a
= 1=
0 = 4 + p
= 2i j + 5k i 2 j 4k
4 + p = 0
1
4
2
= i 3j +k
= p
a
p=2
p = 2 and q = 3
Q-17) The position vectors P and Q are i 2 j + k

and
i + 4 j 2k
res p ectively .
(1)2 + ( 2)2 + ( 4 )2
1+ 4 +16
21
( 2)2 + ( 1)2 + (5 )2
4 +1 + 25
30
Fin d
coordinates & position vector of R ( r )

wh ich divid es the line segment PQ
internally in the ratio 2 : 1.
Ans. Let p and q be the position vectors of the
a
unit vectors along a
points P and Q respectively.
Vectors
12
unit vectors along b =
AB
Q-20) If a , b , c are position vectors of A, B and C
i + 2 j + 4k
where A (1, 3, 0), B (2, 5, 0), C (4, 2, 0) such
21
2i + j + 5k
30
(1)2 + ( 3 )2 + (1)2
1+ 9 +1
11
b
b
that c = xa + yb then find x and y.

Ans. A (1, 3, 0)
B (2, 5, 0)
C (4, 2, 0)
a = i + 3j
b = 2i + 5 j
c = 4i + 2 j
AB
unit vectors along AB =
AB
Now, c
xa + yb
i 3j +k
4i + 2 j

x i + 3 j + y 2i + 5 j
4i + 2 j
xi + 3xj + 2yi + 5y j
4i + 2 j
( x + 2y ) i + ( 3x + 5y ) j
11
Q-19) If C divides AB internally in the raio 5 : 6

and if C (1, 5, 0), A (3, 8, 6) find the co-
comparing co-efficients of i and j on both
ordinates of B.
Ans. Let a, b, c be the position vectors of points
sides
A, B, C respectively w.r.t a fixed point.
x + 2y = 4
...(i)
A (3, 8, 6)
3x + 5y = 2
...(ii)
C (1, 5, 0)
multiplying equation, (i) by 3 and then

subtracting (ii) form (i).
a = 3i + 8 j + 6k
3x + 6y = 12
c = i +5j
3x + 5y = 2
Now, C divides AB internally in the ratio

5:6
c =
( ) ( )
5 b +6 a
i +5j =
5+6
( ) (
5 b + 6 3i + 8 j + 6k
11
11i + 55 j
= 5b +18i + 48 j + 36k
5b
7i + 7 j 36k
7
7
36
i+ j
k
5
5
5
7 7 36
, ,
co-ordinates of B
5 5 5
y = 10
substitute y = 10 in equation (i)
x + 20
= 4
= 16
{x = 16, y = 10}
Q-21) If A (0, 1, 3), B (3, 2, 1) and
A B = xi + yj + zk then prove x + y + z = 0
Ans. Let a and b be position vectors of points A

and B w.r.t a fixed point.
= (0, 1, 3)
= (3, 2, 1)
= 3i +2 j k
AB
= b a
j + 3k
Vectors
= 3 i + 2 j k j 3k
x i +y j +zk
13
3i k
(m + 2n ) i + (m n ) j
+ ( 2m + n ) k
= 3 i + j 4k
x i +y j +zk
By equality of vectors,

comparing co-efficients of i , j ,k on both side
m + 2n = 3
.... (i)
x = 3, y = 1, z = 4
mn=0
.....(ii)
L.H.S
= x+y+2
and 2m + n = 1
= 3+14
To solve equations (i) and (ii),
= 0
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we get,
.....(iii)
3n = 3
= R.H.S.
Q-22) If A (1, 4, 1), B (2, 3, 5) and C (5, 7, 2) are
Substituting n = 1 in equation (i), we get,
vertices of triangle then find the centroid

of the triangle ABC.
Ans. Let a , b , c , g be position vectors of A, B, C and
n = 1
m + 2(1) = 3
m = 1
Substituting m = 1, n = 1 in equation (iii), we
get,
G respectively.
Let G be the centroid.
LHS = 2(1) + (1)

a = i + 4 j + k
b =
= 2 + 1
2i + 3 j 5k
= 1
= RHS.
c = 5i 7 j + 2k
Hence, m = 1 and n = 1.
G is the centroid of ABC

=
3g
= a +b +c
=
3g
g
Q-24) If G 1 and G 2 are the centroids of the
a +b +c
3
triangles ABC and PQR respectively, then

prove that AP + BQ + CR = 3G1G 2 .
Ans. Let a , b, c, p, q, r , g1 , g 2 be the position vectors
(i + 4 j + k ) + ( 2i + 3 j + 5k )
+ ( 5i 7 j + 2k )
of the points A, B, C, P, Q , R, G1 and G2

respectively.
Since G1 and G2 are the centroids of ABC
and PQR respectively,
= 4i + 0 j 2k
=
4
2
i + 0j + k
3
3
2
4
G ,0,
3
3
a + b + c = 3 g1 and p + q + r = 3 g 2
) (
) (
= p +q +r a +b +c
, then find the scalars m and n

c = 3i k
= 3 g 2 3 g1
such that c = mb + nb
= 3 g 2 g1
Ans. c = mb + nb
) (
= p a + q b + r c
, b = 2i j + 2k
and
Q-23) If a = i + j 2k
3i k
g1 =
... (i)
Now, AP + BQ + CR
Centroid of ABC
a+b +c
p+ q + r
and g 2 =
3
3
) (
= m i + j 2k + n 2i j + 2k
)
... [From (i)]
= 3G1 G2
Vectors
14
Q-25) If a , b , c are the position vectors of the
(9i + 8 j 10k ) (3i + 2j 4k )
points A (1,3,0), B(2,5,0), C(4,2,0)
= 6i + 6 j 6k
respectively and c = ma + nb then find the

values of m and n.
AC
Ans. The position vectors a , b, c of the points A,
= c a
( 2i 3j + k ) (3i + 2j 4k )
B,C are
= 5i 5 j + 5k
a = i + 3 j + 0.k, b = 2i + 5 j + 0.k,
c = 4i + 2 j + 0.k,
=
Now c = ma + nb
5
6i + 6 j 6k
6
....(ii)
From (i) and (ii),
4i + 2 j + 0.k
....(i)
= m i + 3 j + 0.k + n 2i + 5 j + 0.k
AC
5
= AB
6
i.e, AC is the scalar multiple of AB .
4i + 2 j + 0.k
= (m + 2n ) i + ( 3m + 5m ) j + 0.k
m + 2n = 4
they are parallel to each other. But they have

the point A in common.
the vectors AB and AC lie on the same line.
.....(i)
and 3m + 5n = 2
the points a, B and C are collinear.
......(ii)
ii) Refer to the solution of Q.1(i)
Multiplying equation (i) by 3, we get,
Subtracting equation (ii) from this equation,
and 4i 5 j + 6k

Q-2) If the vectors 2i q j + 3k
we get, n = 10
are collinear, then find the value of q.
Subtracting n = 10 in equation (i), we get,
m + 2(10) = 4
= (1) PQ .
PR
3m + 6n = 12
Ans. Let a = 2i q j + 3k and
m = 16
b = 4i 5 j + 6k .
Hence m = 16 and n = 10.
Since the vectors a and b collinear, the

GROUP (B)- CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
components of i , j and k a and b are

propertional.
Q-1) Show that the following points are collinear :

i) A(3, 2, 4), B(9, 8, 10), C(2, 3, 1)
2
=
4
q
5
3
6
1
=
2
q
5
1
2
q =
5
.
2
ii) P(4, 5, 2), Q(3, 2, 4), R(5, 8,0).

Ans. i) The position vectors a , b and c of the
point A, B and C are
a = 3i + 2 j 4k ,
b = 9i + 8 j 10k ,
Alternative Method.
c = 2i 3 j + k .
Let
g = 3i + 3 j + k ,
AB
= b a
a = 2i q j + 3k and

b = 4i 5 j + 6k .
Since the vectors a and b are collinear,
a b = 0
Vectors
i
j
15
= i 2 j + 3k
k
2 q 3
4 5 6
i ( 6q +15 ) j (12 12 )
If A,B,C, D are coplanar, then there exist

scalars x,y such that
AB
x.AC + y.AD
( ) (
x 2 j + y i 2 j + 3k
+ k ( 10 + 4q ) = 0
2i + 2 j =
( 6q +15 ) j 0 j ( 10 + 4q ) k
2i + 2 j = yi + ( 2x 2y ) j 3yk

By equality of vecotrs,
= 0i + 0 j + 0k
By equalify of vectors,
6q + 15 = 0 and 10 + 4q = 0
15
q =
6
10
q =
4
Hence, q
5
and
2
5
2
5
2
y = 2
....(i)
2x 2y = 2
....(ii)
3y = 0
....(iii)
From (i), y = 2
From (iii), y = 0
This is not possible.
Hence, the points A, B, C, D are not coplanar.
Q-4) If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors then
p ro ve
Q-3) Are the four points A(1, 1,1), B(1,1,1) ,

C(1,1,1) and D(2,3,4) coplanar? justify
your answer.
that
th e
vectors
2a 4b + 4c , a 2b + 4c and a + 2b + 4c
are collinear
Ans. Let P,Q,R be the points whose position vectors
Ans. The position vectors a , b, c , d , of the points A,
p, q , r are given by
B, C, D are
= i j + k ,
= i + j + k ,
= 2i 3 j + 4k
AB
= b a
=
=
AC
i + j + k ,
) (
i + j + k i j + k
= 2a 4b + 4c ,
= a 2b + 0.c ,
PQ
= qp
PR
2i + 2 j
) (
i + j + k i j + k
= 2 j
(a 2b + 4c ) (2a 4b + 4c )
a + 2b + 0.c
(a + 2b + 4c ) (2a 4b + 4c )
(
and
.... (i)
= r q
= 3 a + 2b + 0.c
= d a
=
a + 2b + 4c .
= c a
=
AD
PQ
PQ + ( 3 ) PQ
= 3PQ
)
.... [By (i)]
= 0
) (
2i 3 j + 4k i j + k
)
Vectors
16
PQ and PQ are collinear vectors,
Now,
Hence the points P ( p ),Q ( q ) and R (r ) are
r = x 2a b + 4c + y a + 4b 3c
collinear
5a 6b +11c
Q-5) Express p = 3i + 2 j + 4k
as the linear
combination of the vectors
a = i + j , b = j + k and c = k + i
Ans. To express p as a linear combination of
( 2x y ) a + ( x + 4y ) b + ( 4x 3y ) c
2x y = 5
...(i)
x + 4y = 6
...(ii)
4x 3y = 11
...(iii)
From (i) and (ii) x = 2 & y = 1
a , b, c
Let p = xa + yb + zc
For these values of x and y
where x , y, z
L.H.S of (iii)
are scalars
= 4(2) 3(1)
3i + 2 j + 4k
= 11
= x i + j +y j +k + z k +i
=
= R.H.S.
Thus, these values satisfy the (iii) equation
also.
( x + z ) i + ( x + y ) j + (y + z ) k
x + z = 3;
The given vectors are coplanar.
x + y = 2;
y +z = 4
GROUP (B)- HOME WORK PROBLEMS
Solving we get
z =
5
;
2
y =
3
;
2
x =
1
2
p =
1
3
5
a+ b+ c
2
2
2
Q-6) If a , b and c are non-coplanar vectors, show

that the vectors 2a b + 4c , a + 4b 3c
Q -1) a and b are non-collinear vectors. If

c = ( x 2 ) a + b and d = ( 2x +1) a b are
collinear, then find the value of x.
Ans. Since c and d are collinear vectors, there
exists scalar t such that

c = td
( x 2) a + b
= t ( 2x +1) a b
( x 2) a + b
= t ( 2x +1) a tb
x2
and 5a 6b +11c are coplanar.
= t(2x + 1) and
t
= 1
= 1
x2
Ans. p = 2a b + 4c ,
q =
a + 4b 3c , r
= 5a 6b +11c
In order to show that vectors p, q and r are
coplanar.
= (2x + 1)
= 2x 1
3x = 1
x =
To find the scalars x and y such that
r = x p + yq
Vectors
1
3
17
Q-2) If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors then

p ro ve th at th e vecto rs 2 a 4b + 4c,
a 2b + 4c and a + 2b + 4c are collinear.
2x + 2y + 3z
= 1
xy+z
= 3
4x + 3y 2z = 4
Ans. Let P, Q and R be the points whose position
Solve these equations by using Cramers Rule
vectors are p = 2a 4b + 4c , q = a 2b + 4c ,
r = a + 2b + 4c
D =
Now,
) (
PQ = q p = a 2b + 4c 2a 4b + 4c
= 2 4 3 = 9 0
and
) (
PR = r p = a + 2b + 4c 2a 4b + 4c
= 3a + 6b + 0c = 3 a + 2b + 0.c
1 1
3 2
= 2(2 3) 2(2 + 4) + 3(3 4)
... (i)
PQ = a + 2b + 0.c
1
4
Dx
1 2
3 1
4
3
1
3 2
= 1(2 3) 2(6 4) + 3(9 + 4)

...[From (i)]
PR = 3PQ
PR + ( 3 ) PQ = 0
PR and PQ are collinear vectors.

P, Q and R are collinear.
p = 2a 4b + 4c , q = a 2b + 4c
= 2(6 4) + 1(2 + 4) + 3(4 12)
r = a + 2b + 4c are collinear.
= 4 + 2 24 = 18
Q-3) Ex press

i 3 j + 4k
combination
of
as
th e
the
= 1 4 15 = 18
Dy
lin ear
Dz
vectors
, 2i j + 3k
and 3i + j 2k
.
2i + j 4k
b = 2i j + 3k ,
x=
Dz 18
=
= 2,
D
9
y=
Dy
D
18
= 2,
9
Dz 27
z = D = 9 = 3
i 3 j + 4k .
Suppose p = xa + yb + ze.
2 1
1 3
3 4
= 10 + 16 + 1 = 27
c = 3i + j 2k and
p =
2
1
4
= 2(4 + 9) 2(4 12) 1(3 4)
a = 2i + j 4k ,
Ans. Let
2 1 3
1 3 1
4 4 2
p = 2a + 2b 3c
Then, i 3 j + 4k
) (
)
+ z ( 3i + j 2k )

= x 2i + j 4k + y 2i j + 3k
i 3 j + 4k
=
as the linear
Q-4) Ex press P = 3i + 2 j + 4k
com binatio n
of
the
vectors
, c = k
+ i
a = i + j , b = j + k
Ans. To express p as a linear combination of a , b, c
Let
( 2x + 2y + 3z ) i + ( x y + z ) j
+ ( 4x + 3y 2z ) k
p = xa + yb + zc
where x, y, z are scalars
3i + 2 j + 4k
Vectors
18
) (
) (
x i + j + y j + k + z k + i
( x + z ) i + ( x + y ) j + (y + z ) k
x + z = 3;
x =
x y = 2 gives
y =
x = y = 2;
y+z=4
3
2
z =
5
,
2
For these values of x and y,
y =
3
,
2
5x + y =
x =
1
2
p =
1
3
5
a+ b+ c
2
2
2
a + 3b 5c , a + b + c and 2a 3b + c are
collinear
Ans. Let
1 3
5 +
2 2
5 3
2 2
= 1
Q-5) If a , b , c are non-coplanar vectors, then

sh ow
that
th e
vectors
a + 3b 5c ,
a + b + c
= 2a 3b + c
Thus, these values satisfy the third equation

also.
1
3
r = 2 p + 2 q
the given vectors are coplanar.
Q-6) Ex p ress
and

i 3 j + 4k
com binatio n
coplanar, we should be also to find scalars x

and y such that
c = 3i + j 2k and
p =
x a + 3b 5c + y a + b + 5c
( x y ) a + ( 3x + y ) b + ( 5x + y ) c
i 3 j + 4k .
Suppose p =
xa + yb + zc .
Then, i 3 j + 4k
r = 2a 3b + c
=
2a 3b + c
x y
= 2
.... (i)
3x + y
= 3
.... (ii)
and 5x + y = 1
Adding (i) and (ii), we get,
2x = 1
.... (iii)
) (
)
+ z ( 3i + j 2k )
x 2i + j 4k + y 2i j + 3k
( x y ) a + ( 3x + y ) b + ( 5x + y ) c
Vectors
the
b = 2i j + 3k ,
Now, x p + yq
th e
a = 2i + j 4k ,
Ans. Let
r = x p + yq
and
of
as
lin ear
vectors
, 2i j + 3k
and 3i + j 2k
.
2i + j 4k
Then in order to prove that these vectors are
1
y =2
2
1
2
2
solving, we get
1
2
i 3 j + 4k
=
( 2x + 2y + 3z ) i + ( x y + z ) j
+ ( 4x + 3y 2z ) k
19
2x + 2y + 3z
= 1
x y+z
= 3
p = i + 4 j 4k .
suppose p =
Then,
4x + 3y 2z = 4
Solve these equations by using Cramers Rule
= 2 4 3 = 9 0
Dx
3 1
i + 4 j 4k
=
= 2(2 3) 2(2 + 4) + 3(3 4)
xa + yb + zc .
) (
)
+ z ( i 3 j 5k )
x 2i j + 3k + y i 2 j + 4k
i + 4 j 4k
= x ( 2x + y z ) i + y ( x 2y + 3z ) j
+ ( 3x + 4y 5z ) k
3 2
2x + y z = 1
= 1(2 3) 2(6 4) + 3(9 + 4)
= 1 4 15 = 18
Dy
x 2y + 32 = 4
3x + 4y 5z = 1
2 1
We have to solve these equation by ussing
1 3
cramers Rule.
2
2
= 2(6 4) + 1(2 + 4) + 3(4 12)
D =
Dz
2 1
1 3
1 2
3
= 4 + 2 24 = 18
2
1 1
3
4 5
= 2(10 12) 1(5 9) (4 + 6)

= 4 + 4 2 = 2 0
4
1
= 2(4 + 9) 2(4 12) 1(3 4)
Dx =
= 10 + 16 + 1 = 27
x=
Dz 18
=
= 2,
D
9
y=
Dy
D
18
= 2,
9
= 1(10 12) 1 (20 + 12) 1(16 8)

= 2 + 8 8
Dz 27
z = D = 9 = 3
Dx = 2
p = 2a + 2b 3c
Dy =
2
1
3
as the linear
Q-7) Express the vector i + 4 j 4k
combination of the vectors
.
, i 2 j + 4k
and i + 3 j 5k
2i j + 3k
Ans. Let
a = 2i j + 3k ,
c =
i 3 j 5k
and
1 1
4
4 5
= 2(20 + 12) 1(5 9) 1(4 12)

= 16 + 4 + 8
Dy = 4
Dz =
b = i 2 j + 4k ,
1 1
= 2(8 16) 1(4 12) + 1(4 + 6)

= 16 + 8 + 2
Vectors
20
Dz = 6
2 0 0
Dx
D
x =
Dy
y =
D
Dz
D
z =
2
2
= 1
4
2
= 2
6
2
= 3
0 3 0
0 0 4
= 2 (12) 0 + 0
= 24 cubic units.
Q-4) Show that vectors
a = i + j + k, b = i j + k &
p = a + 2b + 3c
c = 2i + 3 j + 2k are coplanar.
ii) a b c
3 2 1
= 1 1 2
3 1 2
Ans. If [a b c ] = 0
then vectors a , b and c are coplanar.
= 1(1) 1(1)
=2
L.H.S.
a b c
GROUP (C)- CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
1 1 1
1 1 1
2
1( 2 3) 1(2 2) + 1(3 + 2)
Q-1) Find [a b c ] if
= 5+5=0
= R.H.S.
a = 2i + j + 3k , b = i + 2 j + 4k ,
c = i + j + 2k
are coplanar vectors.
2 1 3
Ans. a b c
[a b c ]
Q-5) Show that A, B, C, D are coplanar, if
1 2 4
1 1 2
A (2, 1, 3), B (3, 3, 0), C (7, 1, 4) and

D (2, 5, 7).
2(4 4) 1(2 4) + 3(1 2)
Ans. We know that, four points A, B, C, and D are
= 1
coplanar if
[ AB AC AD ] = 0
Q-2) a = i j + pk , b = i + j 4k , c = 2i + j + k
find p, if [a b c ] = 0
Ans. a b c
AB
1
2
4
= 0
1
1(1 + 4) + 1(1 +8) + p(1 2)
= 0
p = 14
= i + 2 j + 3k
AC
= c a
an d
c = 4k
are
th e
coterminus edges of the parallelepiped.

Ans. Volume of parallelepiped = [a b c ]
Vectors
( 7 2) i + ( 1 1) j + ( 4 + 3) k
AC
= 5i 2 j + 7k
AD
= d a
=
( 2 2) i + ( 5 1) j + ( 7 + 3) k
6 j 4k
Q-3) Find the volume of the parallelopiped if
a = 2i , b = 3 j
( 3 2) i + ( 3 1) j + ( 0 + 3) k
AB
14 p = 0
= b a
=
= 0
1 1
1
1
a , b, c
L.H.S.
AB AC AD
1
=
21
5 2
1 2 3
2 3 4
= 0
x y z
0 6 4
= 1(8 + 42) 2( 20) + 3 ( 30)
1(3z 4y) 2(2z 4x) + 3(2y 3x) = 0
= 50 + 40 90 = 0 = R. H. S.
3z 4y 4z + 8x + 6y 9x = 0
AB , AC , AD are coplanar vectors.
x + 2y z = 0
The points A, B, C and D are coplanar.
x 2y z = 0
Q-6) Find value of m if points (2, 1, 1),

(4, 0, 3), (m, 1, 1), (2, 4, 3) are coplanar.
Ans. Let A (2, 1,1), B (4,0,3), C (m,1,1) and
Q-8) If A (1, 1, 1), B (2, -1, 3), C (3, 2, 2)

and D (3, 3, 4), find the volume of
parallelopiped with segments AB, AC and
D (2,4,3)
AD as concurrent edges.
Given that the points A, B, C, D are

coplanar
AB
Ans. We know that, the volume of parallelopiped

with concurrent edges AB, AC and
= b a
=
( 4 2) i + (1+1) j + ( 3 1) k
AB
= 2i + j + 2k
AC
= c a
(m 2) i + (1+1) j + (1 1) k
AC
(m 2 ) i + 2 j
AD
= d a
=
AB
= b a
=
= i 2 j + 2k
AC
= c a
AB AC AD = 0
1 2
m 2 2 0
0
5 2
= 2i 3 j 3k
AD
= d a = ( 3 1) i + ( 3 1) j + ( 4 1) k
AD
= 2i + 2 j + 3k
volume of parallelopiped
= 0
1 2
2 3 3
2 2 3
2(4) 1(2m 4) + 2(5m 10) = 0

8 2m + 4 + 10m 20 = 0
8m = 8
m=1
= 1 ( 9 + 6) + 2 (6 + 6) + 2 (4 + 6)
= 3 + 24 + 20 = 41 cubic units.
Q-7) If O is the origin, A(1,2,3) B(2,3,4) and

P(x,y,z) are coplanar points prove that
x x + 2y z = 0. using vector method.
Q-9) Prove that [a + b b + c c + a ] = 2[abc ]

Ans. Let
= [a + b b + c c + a ]
Ans. The points O, A, B and P are coplanar. (given)
(a + b ) .[ (b + c ) (c + a )]
= a = i + 2 j + 3k
(a + b ) .[b c + b a + c c + c a ]
OB
= b = 2i + 3 j + 4k
OP
= a . [b c + b a + c a ]
+ b. [b c + b a + c a ]
[OA OB OP ]
OA
( 3 1) i + ( 2 1) j + ( 2 1) k
AC
= 5 j + 2k
( 2 1) i + ( 1 1) j + ( 3 1) k
AB
( 2 2) i + ( 4 +1) j + ( 3 1) k
AB , AC , AD
AD
= 0
p = xi + y j + zk
[OA OB OC ]
= 0
Vectors
22
Q-11) Show that the statement
[ c c = 0]
=
(a b ).[(b c ) (c a )] = 2a .b c
( ) ( )
+ b. (b c ) + b. (b a ) + b. (c a )
a. b c + a . b a + a. c a
is true only when a , b and c are coplanar.

Ans. If a , b , c are coplanar then
a. b c + b. c a
) +0+0+0+0
[a b c ] = 0
(in box product if two vectors are equal , its
i.e., a . b c
[a b c ] + [b c a ]
L.H.S.
[a b c ] + [a b c ]
(a b ) . (b c ) (c a )
( a b c = b c a )
(a b ) .[b c b a c c + c a ]
2[a b c ] = R.H .S .
(a b ) .[b c + a b + c a ]
Q-10) If c = a + 3b , show that , abc = 0 Also if
b.[b c + a b + c a ]
angle between a and b is 6
a , b, c are coplanar
a b c
= 2a.b c
a + 3b
c2
Vectors
a + 3b
)(
+ 6a .b + 9 b
+ 6 a 6 cos
+6 a b .
)
= 0
= (0)
= 0
R.H.S.
= a.a + 3a .b + 3b . a + ab .b
=
if a , b , c are planar than [a b c ] = 0
a + 3b . a + 3b
= 2[a b c ]
Squaring both sides.

=
= [a b c ] [a b c ]
c =
= [a b c ] [b c a ]
= 0
R.H.S
= a . b c b. c a
c = a + 3b
b. b c + b. a b + b. c a
i.e c is linear combination of a and b
a. b c + a. a b + a . c a
Ans. c = a + 3b
= 0
a.[b c + a b + c a ]
c 2 = a 2 + 3 3ab + ab 2 , P ro ve th at th e
value is zero)
L.H.S
= R.H.S
When a , b , c are co planar
Q-12) a , b , c are three non-coplanar vectors. If
2
3
+9b
2
3
+ 9 b2
= a + 6a b .
2
( )
+9 b
p=
a b c
,q =
ca
a b c
,r =
ab
a b c
then prove that

i)
a . p + b.q + c .r = 3
ii)
( a + b ) .p + ( b + c ) .q + ( c + a ) .r = 3
= a 2 + 3 3 ab + 9 b 2
bc
23
Ans. i) L.H.S.
= a. p + b.q + c .r
a. b c
=
[a b c ]
= a.
iii) a . p.
) + b. (c a ) + c. (a b )
[a b c ]
[a b c ]
c .q
= c.
(b c )
(a b c )
(c q )
(a b c )
[a b c ] + [b c a ] + [c a b ]
[a b c ]
=
[a b c ] + [a b c ] + [a b c ]
b .p =
[a b c ]
= 3
ii) L.H.S. a + b . p + b + c .q + c + a .r
(b c ) (b + c ) . (c a )
(a + b ) . [a b c ] + [a b c ]
b . b c
3[a b c ]
(c c a )
(a b c )
= 1
[a b c ]
(a b c )
(a b c )
+ c +a
(a b c )
(b b c )
(a b c )
c . a b
c .v
[a b c ]
(a b c )
(c a b )
(a b c )
(a b c )
(a b c )
(a b c )
(a b )
.
Since a b c is a scalar.
(a b c )
=0
Let a b c = k
(a + b ) . p
(b + c )
(a + b ) .
1
a b c + a b c

1
a b c + 0
b .p
b . c a
1
a b c
k
1
0k
k
= 1
and c + a .r
(b c a )
(a b c )
(
a .r
(a b c )
(a b c )
(a b c )
= 1
(a b c )
a . c a
= 1
Similarly b + c .q
(a b c )
(a b c )
0
abc
= 0
(a + b ) .p + (b + c ) .q + (c + a ) .r
= 1+1+1=3
Vectors
24
Q-13) If the vectors
ai + j + k ; i + b j + k ; i + ck a b c 1
are coplanar then show that
1
1
1
+
+
= 1.
1a 1 b 1 c
Ans. Let
p = ai + j + k ,
c
1
1
+
1+
+
1
c
1
b
1
= 1
1 c +c
1
1
+
+
1c
1b 1a
= 1
1
1
1
+
+
1c 1b 1a
= 1
1
1
1
+
+
1a 1b 1c
= 1
q = i + bj + k ,
Q-14) Show that if four points A, B, C D with
r = i + j + ck
position vectors a , b , c , d are coplanar then
and p, q , r are coplanar.
bcd + cad + abd = abc
[ pqr ] = 0
Ans. four points A, B, C, D are coplanar
a 1 1
[ pqr ] =
1 b 1
1 1 c
Applying C1 C2 and C2 C3
a 1
0
1c
1
= 0
b 1 1
1c
AB AC AD are also coplanar
AB AC AD
AB . AC AD
= 0
= 0
(b a ) . (c a ) (d a )
= 0
(b a ) . c d c a a d + a a
by taking (a 1), (b 1), (1 c) common
(a 1)(b 1)(1 c)
1
1 0
a 1
1
0 1
b 1
c
1 1
1c
= 0
a b c 1
(a 1) (b 1) (c 1) 0
1
1 0
a 1
1
0 1
b 1
c
1 1
1c
= 0
= 0
) ( ) ( )
=
a . (c d ) + a . (c a ) a . (a d )
b. c d b . c a b . a d
a a = 0
b c d b c a b a d a c d
+ a c a + a a d
= 0
b c d a b c a b d c a d + 0 + 0
= 0
b c d + a b d + c a d = a b c
GROUP (C)- HOME WORK PROBLEMS

= 0
Q-1) Find a b c
c
1
1
1 c b 1 a 1
= 0
i)
; b = 10i + 3k
;
a = 2i 2 j + 3k

c = i j + 2k
c
1
1
+
+
1 c b 1 1 a
= 0
ii)
a = i + j , b = j k and c = k + i
Vectors

2i 2 j + 3k
Ans. i) a =
25
Ans. i) a =
j 2 j + k
b = 10i + 3k
b = 3 j 2 j + k

c = i + j + 2k
c =
2
a b c
ii) a b c
j + j + 5k
2 3
1 2 1
10 0 3
=
1 1 2
a b c
3
1
2
1
1
5
= 2 (0 + 3) + 2 (20 3) + 3 (10 0)
= 1 (10 1) + 2 (15 1) + 1 (3 2)
= 6 + 34 30
= 9 + 28 + 1
= 10
= 38
3 2 1
= 1 1 2
3 1 2
a b c
ii)
1 0 2
2 1 1
2 3 3
= 1(1) 1(1)
= 1 (3 2) 0 (6 2) + 2 (4 2)
=2
=10+4
=5
Q-2) Find p if a b c = 0 where,
Q-4) If A (1, 1, 1), B (2, 1, 3), C (3, 2, 2) and

, b = i j + k
and
a = i + j + k
D (3, 2, 4), find the volume of the

parallelopiped with AB, AC and AD as

c = 2i + 3 j + pk
Ans. i) a = i + j + k
concurrent edges.
Ans. A (1, 1, 1), B = (2, 1, 3), C (3, 2, 2),
D (3, 2, 4)
b = i j + k
let a , b, c , d be position vectors of points A,
c = 2i + 3 j + pk
a b c
B, C, D respectively with respect to a fixed

point.
= 0
1 1 1
2 3 p
= 0
1 (P 3) 1 (P 2) + 1 (3 + 2)
P3P+2+5=0
2 P = 4
= i + j + k
= 2i + j + 3k
= 3i + 2k + 2k
= 3i + 2 j 4k
AB
= b a
P=2
= i + 2k
Q-3) Find the volume of parallelopiped whose

co-terminus edges are
i)
,
, b = 3i + 2 j + k
a = i 2 j k

c = i + j + 5k
, b = 2i + j + k
,
ii) a = i + 2k

c = 2i + 2 j + 3k
(2i + j + 3k ) (i + j + k )
AC
= c a
=
(3i + 2j 2k ) (i + j + k )
= 2i + j + k
vol. of parallelopiped
AB AC AD
Vectors
26
(a b c )
1 0 2
=
2 1 1
= 0
so,
2 1 3
vectors are co-planar

= 1 (3 1) 0 (6 2) + 2 (2 - 2)
ii) To show that, vectors are co-planar we
=20+0
have to prove that
=2
(a b c )
Q-5) If the volume of the parallelopiped whose

coterminus edges are
(a b c )
, 2i + j k
, i + 3 j + 2k

3i + 2 j + nk
= 0
= 2i + j k
(a b c )
3 2
2
1 3
i + 3k 2k
= 7
= 0
vectors are co-planar
, b = i j + k

Q-7) If a = i + j + k
find a . b c
and c = 2i + 3 j + 2k
1 1
= 3 (12 12) 1 (4 4) + (6 6)
= 3i + 2 j + nk
(a b c )
3 1 3
1 3 2
2 6 4
is 7 find n.
Ans. Let
= 0
= i + j + k
Ans. a
3 (2 + 3) 2 (4 1) + n (6 + 1) = 7
5 6 + 6n + n = 7
= i j + k
= 2i + 3 j + 2k
7n = 7 + 21
i j k
1 1 1
2 3 2
7n = 28
b c =
n=4
Q -6) Show that the following vectors are

coplanar.
i)
, i + 3 j 4k

, i + 4 j 3k
3i 5 j + 2k
ii)
, i + 3 j + 2k
, 2i + 6 j + 4k

3i + j + 3k
Ans. i) To show that, vectors are co-planar we

have to prove that
(a b c )
(a b c )
3 4
= 3 (16 + 9) + 5 (4 + 3) + 2 ( 3 4)
= 3 (7) + (7) + 2 (7)
= 21 + 35 14
=0
Vectors
a. b c
(i + j + k ) . ( 5i + 5k )
= (1) (5) + (1) (0) + (1) (5)
=0
3 5 2
1 4 3
1
5i + 5k
= 5 + 0 + 5
= 0
= i ( 2 3 ) j ( 2 2 ) + k ( 3 )
a , b, c are caplaner.
Q-8) Find p if the following vectors are coplanar
, b = 2i 5 j + pk
, c = i j 6k

a = i 3 j + 4k
Ans. a b c = 0
27
2k + 26 6k 30 + ( 12 ) = 0
1 3 4
2 5 P
1
= 0
4k 16 = 0
1 6
1 (30 + P) + 3 (12 P) + 4 (2 + 5) = 0
30 + P 36 3P + 12 = 0
k = 4
, b = i + j + 2 and
Q-10) If a = 3i + 2 j + k
2P + 6 = 0
are the co-terminus edges of

c = 3i j + 2k
P=3
a tetrahedron. Find its volume.
Q-9) Find x is A (3, 2, -1), B (5, 4, 2), C (6, 3, 5),

D (1, 0, x) are coplanar.
Ans. Let a, b, c , d be position vectors of pts.
A, B, C, D respectively w.r.t a fixed point.
a = 3i + 2 j k
a b c
3 1 2
= 3(4) 2( 4) + 1 ( 4)
b = 5i + 4 j + 2k
= 12 + 8 4
c = 6i + 3 j + 5k
= 16

d = i + kx
1
a b c
volume of a Tetrahedron =
= b a
AB
(5i + 4 j + 2k ) (3i + 2j k )
16
6
= 2i + 2 j + 3k
8
3
volume of a Tetrahedron =
= c a
AC
(6i + 3 j + 5k ) (3 j + 2j k )
Q-11) If c = 3a + 2b , show that abc = 0 .

If angle between a and b is 4 prove
that
= 3i + j + 6k
= d a
AD
1
a b c
Ans. volume of a Tetrahedron =
) (
2 j 2 j + k + 1 x
3i + 2 j k
i + kx
c = 9a 2 + 6 2ab + 4b 2 a = a and b = b
Ans. We know that,
points A, B, C, D are coplanar
AB , AC , AD will also be coplanar

AB AC AD
= 0
b b = 0
If in a scalar triple product, two vectors are
equal, then the secalar triple product is zero.
a b c = a b c
= a b 3a + 2b
2 2
= 0
(k +1)
2 k + 1 + 12 + 2 3k + 3 + 12 + 3 ( 6 + 2) = 0
= a 3b a + 2b b
= a 3b a + 0
= 3a b a
)
Vectors
28
( 3a 2b ) . ( 3a 2b )
9a.a 6a.b 6b.a + 4b.b
c2 = C.C
9a.a 12a .b + 4b.b + a .b = b.a
The measure of angle between a & b

is
(3a + 2b ) . (3a + 2b )
9a.a + 6a.b + 6b.a + 4b.b
9a .a +12a.b + 4b.b + a.b = b.a
( a = a & b = b )
c =
( a = a & b = b )
2
= 9a +12ab cos + 4b
4
1
2
9a 2 12ab
+ 4b
2
9a 2 6 2ab + 4b 2
c2 =
a = a&b
1
2
9a +12ab
+ 4b
2
and
= b
9a + 6 2ab + 4b
a = a&b

, v = 3i + k
and w = j k
Q -13) If u = i 2 j + k
and
= b
Find (u + w ).[(u v ) (v w )]
Ans. u = i 2 j + k
v = 3i + k
Q-12) If c = 3a 2b , show that abc = 0 .

Also find c 2 when the measure of the angle
between a and b is 4 .
w=
j k
(u + w )
let a =
= i j
Ans. We know that,
If in a scalar triple product, two vectors are

equal, then the scalar triple product is zero.
abc
(u v )
b =
b b = 0
= a b c
= i + j + k
i
= a 3b a 2b b
= a 3b a 0
= 3a b a
is
4
k
= i (1) + k (1)
(v w )
c =
i j
3 0
=30=0
The measure of angle between a & b
j
1 2 1
0 1 1
= a b 3a 2b
k
1
0 1 1
= i ( 1) j ( 3) + k ( 3 )
i + 3 j + 3k
c = c.c
Vectors
2
2
= 9a 12ab cos + 4b
4

To find u + w . u v v w
) (
) (
29
a. b c
a b c
1
=
a . c d
1 0
) (
) (
a d c
c a d
Also, b. c d =
b c d
b. c a
Q -14) If four points with position vectors a , b , c

and d are coplanar, prove that
) (
a. b c = b. c d + c. a d a . b d
a b d
=4
= 1(3 3) 1(3 + 1)
b d a
= a. d c
1 1 1
1 3 3
u + w . u v v w = 4
a . b c a b c
from (I)
b c d + c a d + a b d = a b c
)
(
a . b c = 1 , w here
Q-15 ) I f
Ans. i.e. To prove that
,
a = i + j + k
and c = i j + 4k
,
b = 2i + q j + k
b c d + c a d + a b d = a b c
find q
Let, a,b,c and d be the position of the points
Ans. Given that
A, B, C and D respectively. Then,
AB
= b a,
AC
= c a ,
AD
= d a
a. b c
=1
1 1 1
2 q 1
=1
1 1 4
1(4q + 1) 1 (8 1) + 1 ( 2 1) = 1
4q + 1 7 2 q = 1
3q 8 = 1
3q = 9
q = 3.
The points A, B, C, D are coplanar.
the vectors AB , AC , AD are coplanar.
the AB AC AD = 0
b a c a d a = 0
(b a ) . (c a ) (d a ) = 0
Q-16) Show that, if a , b , c are non-coplanar
(b a ) . (c d c a a d a a ) = 0
vectors, then the vectors 3a + b + 5c and

2a 4b + 3c are non-coplanar.
where a a = 0
(b a ) . (c d c a a d ) = 0
b. c d b. c d b. a d
Ans. Let
p = a 2c , q = 3a + b + 5c ,
r = 2a 4b + 3c
a. c d + a. c a + a. a d = 0 ...(I)
Now, a. c d = 0, a. a d = 0,
b. a d
= b. d a
1 0 2
pqr = 3 1 5
2 4 3
= 1(3 + 20) 0(9 10) 2(12 2)
= 23 + 28 0
p, q , r are non-coplanar.
Vectors
30
Q-17) prove that
i) b + c c + a a + b = 2a . b c
) (
ii) a b + c a + b + c = 0
iii) a + 2b c a b a b c
= 3 a b c
) (
a b c + 2 a b c
= 3 a b c
(b c a ) + (c a b )
= RHS
(a b c ) + (a b c )
(
= 2a. b c
= R.H.S.
ii) LHS =
a b + c a + b + c
= a b + c a + b + c
) (
b a + b b + b c + c a
= a.
+c b +c c
= a. b a + a. b b + a . b c
+ a. c a + a . c b + a. c c
+0
+0
= 0 + 0 + a. b c
a. b c
= 0
= RHS
iii) LHS
= a. a + 2b c . a b a b c
Vectors
a b c + b c a
b + c c + a a + a
= 2 a bc
= 0 + a. b c + 2b. c a + 2 0 0 0
Ans. i) LHS = b + c . c + a a + b
) ( ) ( )
+ 2b. (b c ) c . (c a ) c . (b c )
a. c a + a. b c + 2b. c a
=
(a + 2b c ) . c a + b c
a a a b a c
(a + 2b c ) . b a + b b + b c
(a + 2b c ) .
0 a b + c a + a b
o + b c
31
GROUP (D)- CLASS WORK PROBLEMS
the medians of a triangle is called the

centroid of the triangle.
Q-1) Prove that medians of a triangle are

concurrent
Q-2) Prove that bisectors of angles of a triangle

are concurrent
Ans. Let a , b, c be the position vectors of the
Ans. Let a , b, c be the position vectors of the
vertices A, B, C and d, e, f be the position
vertices A, B, C of ABC and let the lengths

of the sides BC,CA and AB be x, y, z,
vectors of the midpoints D, E, F of the sides

BC, CA and AB respectively.
respectively. If segments AD, BE, CF are the

bisectors of the angles A, B, C, respectively,
then
A
00
F
B
E
P
C
x
x
Then by the midpoint formula,
b +c
,
2
D divides the side BC in the ratio AB : BC

i.e., z : y,
c +a
,
2
E divides the side AC in the ratio BA : BC

i.e., z : x,
a +b
=
2
and F divides the side AB in the ratio AC :
2d
= b +c ;
2e
= c +a ;
2f
BC i.e., y : x,
Hence by section formula, the postion vectors
of the points D, E and F are
= a +b
2d + a
= a +b +c
2e + b
= a +b +c
2f + c
= a +b +c
2d + a
2 +1
2e + b
2 +1
= g
2f + c
2 +1
a +b +c
3
... (Say)
This show that the point G whose position

vector is g , lies on the three medians AD,
BE and CF dividing each of them internally
in the ratio 2 : 1.
Hence, the medians are concurrent in the
po in t G an d i ts p os it ion v e c to r is
(a + b + c ) / 3.
This point of concurrence of
d =
zc + yb
;
z +y
e =
zc + xa
;
z +x
f =
yb + xa
;
y+x
(y + z ) d
= yb + zc ;
(z + x ) e
= zc + xa ;
(x + y ) f
( y + z ) d + xa
xa + yb.
=
(x + y ) f
xa + yb + zc
( z + x ) e + yb
+ zc
(y + z ) d + xa
(y + z ) + x
( z + x ) e + yb
(z + x ) + y
Vectors
32
( x + y ) f + zc
(x + y ) + z
xa + yb + zc
x +y +z
the mid points of the diagonal AC and

BD are the same. this shows that the
diagonals AC and BD bisect each other.
ii) conversely, suppose that the diagonals

AC and BD of ABCD bisect each other.
...(Say)
This show that the point P whose position
vector is p , lies on the three bisectors AD,
i.e, they have the same midpoint.

the position vectors of these midpoints
are equal.
BE and CF dividing them in the ratios

(y + z) : x; (z + x) : y and (x + y) : z respectively.
a +c
=
2
Hence, the three bisector segments are

concurrent in the point whose position vector
a +c = b +d
b a = c d
xa + yb + zc
.
is
x +y +z
This point of concurrence of the bisectors is
AB = DC
AB= DC and side AB || side DC
ABCD is parallelogram.
called the incentre of the ABC.

Q-3) Using vector method, prove that the
diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
other and conversely. OR prove that, A
quadrilateral is a parallelogram if and only
if its diagonals bisect each other.
Q-4) Prove that the median of a trapezium is

parallel to the parallel sides of the
trapezium and its length is half of the sum
of the lengths of the parallel sides.
Ans. Let a, b,c and d be respectively the position
vectors of the vertices A, B, C
Ans. i) Let a, b,c and d be respectively the

position vectors of the vertices A, B, C
and D of the parallelogram ABCD then
Then the vectors AD and BC are parallel.

there exists a scalar k
such that AD = k . BC
AD + BC = k .BC + BC
= (k + 1) BC
A
AB
b a = c d
a +c = b +d
a +c
b +d
=
2
2
(b + d ) by (i) they are equal
Let m and n be the position vectors of

the midpoints M and N of the nonparallel sides AB and DC respectively.
... (i)
the diagonal AC and BD are
Vectors
... (i)
= DC
then seg MN is the median of the trapezium.

by the mid point formula.
the position vectors of the mid points of
and D of the
trapezium ABCD with side AD || side BC.
AB = DC and side AB || side DC.

A
b +d
2
(a + c )
2
and
m=
MN
a +b
d +c
and n =
2
2
= n m
d +c a +b
=

2 2
33
1
d +c a b
2
1
d a + c +d
AD + BC
2
) (
...[(by (i)]
MN is a scalar multiple of BC
MN and BC are parallel vectors
MN || BC where BC ||AD
The median MN is parallel to the parallel

to sides AD and BC of the trapezium.
Now, AD and BC are collinear.
a + r
(r + a ) . (r a )
= r .r r a + a.r a.a
= r
... (ii)
(k +1) BC
AP.BP
=0
AP BP
APB is a right angle.

Hence, the angle subtended on a semicircle
is the right angle.
Q-6) Using vectors, prove that altitudes of a

triangle are concurrent.
Ans. Let segment AD and CF be the altitudes of
ABC, meeting each other in the point H.
A
AD + BC = AD + BC = AD + BC
F
[ AD and BC have same direction]

from (2) we have
E
H
AD + BC
MN =
2
1
AD + BC
MN =
2
Then it is enough to prove that HB is

perpendicular to AC .
Q-5) Using vectors, prove angle subtended in a

semi circle is right angle.
Choose H as the origin and let a , b, c be the

position vectors of the vertices A, B and C
respectively w.r.t. the origin H.
Ans. Let seg AB be a diameter of a circle with

centre C and P be any point on the circle
other than A and B.Then APB is an angle
Then HA = a , HB = b and HC = c ,
subtended on a semi-circle.
AB = b a , BC = c b and AC = c a
Let AC = CB = a and CP = r
Then a = r
Now HA is perpendicular to BC
...(1)
HA. BC = 0
a. c b = 0
a.c a.b = 0
r
A
a
...(1)
Also HA is perpendicular to AB .
AP
AC + CP
= a +r
HC . AB = 0
c. b a = 0
c .b c .a = 0
c .b a.c = 0
= r +a
BP
= BC + CP
=
( c .a = a.c )
...(2)
CB + CP
Vectors
34
Adding (1) and (2), we get
z =
02 + ( 4 ) + 32
c .b a.c = 0
b. c a = 0
HB.AC = 0
HB is perpendicular to AC .
c a .b = 0
16 + 9
25 = 5
( )
If H h is the incentre of PQR, then
h =
the altitudes of ABC are concurrent.
xa + yb + zc
x +y +z
( ) ( ) (
4 4 j + 3 3k + 5 4 j + 3k
h =
Q-7) Using vector method. find the in centre of

a triangle is right angle. are A(0,4,0),
B(0,0,3) and C(0,4,3).
h =
4+3+5
16 j + 9k + 20 j +15k
12
Ans. The position vectors a , b, c of the vertices A,B

& C are
h =
36 j + 24k
12
a = 0i + 4 j + 0k
0 j + 36 j + 24k
12
b = 0i + 0 j + 3k
h =
c = 0i + 4 j + 3k
h = 0i + 3 j + 2k
AB
= b a
=
H = (0,3,2)
(0i + 0 j + 3k ) ( 0i + 4 j + 0k )
Q-8) Prove by vector method, sin( + ) =

sin .cos + cos . sin .
= 0i 4 j = 3k
BC
Ans.
= c b
=
Y
Q
B
(0i + 4 j + 3k ) ( 0i + 0 j + 3k )
= 0i + 4 j + 0k
AC
= c a
=
(0i + 4 j + 3k ) ( 0i + 4 j + 0k )
A
P
= 0i 0 j + 3k
Let XOP and XOQ be in standard position
Let
x =
BC ,
and mXOP = , mXOQ = .
y =
AC , and
Takes a pouint A on ray OP and a point B on

ray OQ such that OA = OB = 1.
Since cos () = cos
= AB
and sin ()
x =
=
y =
0 +4 +0
A is (cos (), sin ()),
16 = 4
i.e, (cos , sin )

B is (cos , sin )
02 + ( 0 ) + 32
Vectors
= 3
= sin ,
OA
( cos ) i (sin ) . j + 0.k
35
These are equal.Hence the diagonals OC and
= OB ( cos ) i + ( sin ) . j + 0.k
OB
BA have the same midpoint.
OA OB
i
j
k
cos
cos
sin
sin
0
0
these diagonals bisect each other ...(1)

Now OC = a + b
and BA
= BC + CA
(cos sin + sin cos ) k

... (i)
= a b
OC .BA
(a b ) . (a b )
The angle between OA and OB is + .

= a .a a.b + b.a b.b
Also OA , OB lie in the XY-plane.
= a2 b2
the unit vector perpendicular to OA and OB

is k .
( a = b )
= 0
OA OB
= [OA.OB sin ( + )] k
= sin ( + ). k
OC BA i.e., the diagonals OC and BA are

at right angles.
...(2)
from (1) and (2), the diagonals of a rhombus
...(ii)
from (i) and (ii),
( a.b = b.a )
bisect each other at right angles.
sin ( + ) = sin cos + cos sin .
Conversely : Let the diagonals OC and BA of

the quadrilateral.OACB bisect each other at
GROUP (D) HOME WORK PROBLEMS
right angles.
Since the diagonals bisect each other, the
Q-1) By vectors method. prove that th e
quadrilateral OACB is a parallelogram.
diagonals of rhombus are perpendicular to

each other.
Ans. Let
OACB be a rhombus and OA = a ,
OB = b . Then OA = OB
a
C
a+
Now,
OC BA
OC . BA = 0
(a + b ) . (a b ) = 0
a.a a.b + b.a b.b = 0
b
a
a.b + b.a b = 0
b
=0
=b =0
a =b
a = b.
a =b
Now OC = a + b .
l (OA ) = l (OB )
the position vectors of the vertices O, A, B

and C w.r.t. the origin O are 0, a , b and a + b
respectively.
By the midpoint formula, the position vectors
of the midpoints of the diagonals. BA and OC
i.e ., adjacent side s OA and OB of the

parallelogram OABC are equal.
OABC is a rhombus.
Hence, a quadrilateral is rhombus if and only
if diagonals bisect each other at right angle.
(a + b ) / 2 are and (a + b + 0 ) i.e., (a + b ) / 2 .

Vectors
36
Q-2) Using vectors prove that, if the diagonals
a.a + a.b + b.a + b.b
of a parallelogram are at right angles then

it is rhombus.
= b.b b.a a.b + a.a

a 2 + b 2 + 2a .b
Ans. Let ABCD be a parallelogram

Let
and
AC
BD
= b 2 2a.b + a 2
AB + BC
= a +b
2a.b + 2a.b
= BA + AD
= 0 4 a.b = 0 a.b = 0
( )
a + b
the diagonals AC and BD are perpendicular

AC .BD = 0
(a + b )( a + b ) =
a b AB AD AB AD
The parallelogram ABCD is a rectangle.
Q-4) Show by vector method that the sum of the

square of the diagonals of a parallelogram
is equal to the sum of the sequare of its

sides.
a.a + a.b b.a + b.b = 0

b2 = a2 b = a
Ans. Let ABCD be a parallelogram.
l(AB) = l(BC) = l(CD) = l(AD)
the parallelogram ABCD is a rhombus .
Q-3) Show by vector method. If the diagonal of

q
a parallelogram are congruent then it is a

rectangle.
Ans. Let ABCD be parallelogram
Let AB = p and AD = q
From ABC, by triangle law,

AC
Since ABCD is a parallelogram,
AB + BC
DC = AB = p and BC = AD = q
= a +b
AC = AB + BC = p + q
From ABC, by triangle law,
BD
Let AB = a , AD = b
= BC + CD
)(
AC 2 = AC .AC = p + q . p + q
= b a
= p.p + p.q + q. p + q .q
a
= p2 + q2 + 2p.q
= BC + CD
= BC DC
BD2
= BD.BD
= p2 + q2 + 2p.q
We have to prove that ABCD is a rectangle

i.e. to prove that a b
Since the diagonals AC and BD are congruent

AC = BD AC
= BD
AC 2 + BD
Vectors
( q p ) . (q p )
( p.q = q.p )
( p2 + q 2 + 2 p.q )
+ ( p 2 + q 2 2 p.q )
= p2 + q2 + p2 + q2
(a + b ) . (a + b ) = (b a ) . (b a )
= qp
= q.q q. p p.q + p. p
( p.q = q.p )
BD
b
37
= AB2 + BC 2 + CD 2+ DA 2
(i + j 3k ) (i 2 j + k )
This show that the sum of the squares of the

diagoanals of a parallelogram is equal to the
sum of the squares of its sides.
= 0i + 3 j 4k
= r q
QR
Q-5) If A (1, 2, 3); B (3, -1, 5); C (4, 0, -3) are

=
three non-collinear points by using vector

method then show A is point on circle
= 0i 3 j + Ok
having BC as diameter.
Ans. A (1, 2, 3), B (3, 1, 5), C (4, 0, 3)
(i 2 j 3k ) (i + j 3k )
= r p
PR
let a , b, c be position vectors of points A, B
(i 2 j 3k ) (i 2 j + k )
& C respectively w.r.t a fixed point.

= 0i + 0 j 4k
a = i + 2 j + 3k
Let x =
b = 3i j + 5k
y =
c = 4i 3k
AB
= b a
=
(3i j + 5k ) (i + 2 j + 3k )
PQ
x =
02 + ( 3 ) + 02
= c a
=
y =
( 4i 3k ) (i + 2 j + 3k )
= 3i 2 j 6k
z =
AB . AC =
(2i 3 j + 2k ) . (3i 2 j 6k )
( )
( )
= 2 ( 3 ) i . i + ( 3 )( 2 ) j j + 2 ( 6 ) k .k
= 6 (1) + 6 (1) 12 (1)
= 0
PR
z =
= 2i 3 j + 2k
AC
QR ,
= 3
2
02 + 02 + ( 4 )
16 = 4
2
02 + 02 + ( 4 )
9 +16
25 = 5
( )
If H h is the incentre of the triangle PQR,

then
seg AB seg AC
i.e. seg BC subtends right angle at A
h =
i.e. seg BC is diameter of a semicircle.
Q-6) Using vector method. find incentre of a

triangle whose vertices are P(1, 2,1) ;
Q(1, 1, 3) and R(1, 2, 3).
Ans. The position vectors p, q , r of the vertices
P,Q,R are
x p + yq + zr
x +y + z
h
=
3i 6 j + 3k + 4i + 4 j 12k + 5i 10 j 15k
3+4+5
12i 12 j 24k
12
= i 2j +k
h = i j 2k
= i j 3k
h = (1, 1, 2)
= i 2 j 3k
PQ
= qp
Vectors
38
Q -7) Using vectors, prove that the perpendicular
bisectors of the sides
concurrent.
of a triangle are
Ans.
A
c +a
. c a =0
2
as above c2 b2 = 0
from (1) and (2), we get
...(2)
b2 = a2
F
b2 = a2 = 0
(b + a ) . (b a ) = 0
(b + a ) . (b a ) = 0
Let D, E, F be the midpoints of the sides BC,

CA and and AB of ABC.
Let the perpendicular bisector of the sides
f = OF
is perpendicular bisector of the sides of ABC
are concurrent.
Choose O as the origin and let a , b, c , d, e and
This point of concurrrent of the perpendicular
f be the position vectors of the points A, B,
bisector of the sides of a triangle is called the

circumcentre of the triangle.
C, D, E, F respectively.
Q-8) Prove by vector meth od, th at, a
perpendicular to AB = b a .
quadrilateral is a square if and only if

diagonals are congruent and bisect each
By the midpoint formula,
other at right angles.
b +c
,
d =
2
Ans. Let ABCD be a square.

Let a , b, c , d be the position vectors A, B, C,
c +a
,
e =
2
f =
f. b a =0
BC and AC meet each other in the point O.
He re we have to prove that OF = f i s
D respectively.
a +b
,
2
D d
C c
A a
B b
Now OD = d is perpendicular to BC = c b .
d. c b = 0
b +c
. c b =0
2
(c + b ) . (c b ) = 0
Since ABCD is a sequare, we have,
c .c + b.c c .b b.b = 0
AB = DC
c2 b2 = 0
b a =c d
( c.c = c 2 ,b.b = b2and c.b = b.c )
b +d =a +c
c2 b2
b +d a +c
=
= p ... (Say)
2
2
...(1)
Also, OE = e is pcpendicular to AC = c a
e. c a = 0
This shows that the point P whose position

vector is p is the midpoint of BD as well as
of AC.
Vectors
39
the diagonals BD and AC bisect each other
Since the diagonals bisect each other, the
at P.
quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram.
the diagonals of a square bisect each other
Now, AC r BD = 0
...(i)
Now, AC = BC = BC + AB
and BD = BC + CD = BC + BA ... CD = BA
AC .BD = 0
( BC + AB ) . ( BC AB ) = 0
BC .BC BC .AB + AB .BC AB .AB = 0
BC
BC
BC
BC = AB
= BC AB
(BC + AB ) . ( BC AB )
AC .BD =
= BC .BC BC .AB + AB .BC AB .AB

2
BC
AB .BC + AB .BC AB
l ( BC ) l ( AB )
... l ( AB ) = l ( BC )
=0
AC is perpendicular to BD
diagonals AC and BD are at right angles
( BC )
( )
( )
+ AB
and BD.BD
... AB r BC
BC
( BC )
( )
0 0 + AB
2
( )
+ AB
ABCD is a rhombus.
AC = BD
AC
AC .AC = BD.BD
( BC .AB ) . ( BC + AB )
AC
= BD
= BD
( BC AB ) . (BC AB )
BC .BC + BC .AB + AB .BC + AB .AB

= BC .BC BC .AB AB .BC + AB .AB
... AB BC
AB .BC + AB .BC
=
AC .AC = BD.BD
2
(BC AB ) . ( BC AB )
= BC.BC BC .AB AB .BC + AB .AB

2
=0
Also, l(AC) = l(BD)
(BC + AB ) . ( BC + AB )
+ 0 + 0 + AB
= AB
=0
l(BC) = l(AB)
= BC.BC + BC .AB + AB .BC + AB .AB
BC
AB
parallelogram ABCD are equal.
... (ii)
.AB .BC + AB .BC AB
i.e., the adjacent sides AB and BC of the
Also, AC .AC =
l(AC) = l(BD)
from (i), (ii) and (iii), the diagonals of a square

are congruent and bisect each other at right
...(iii)
AB .BC AB .BC
4AB .BC = 0
AB .BC = 0
AB r BC
i.e., the adjacent sides of a rhombus ABCD

are perpendicular to each other.
Hence, ABCD is a square.
angles.
Conversely : Let the diagonals AC and BD of
the quadrilaeral ABCD are congruent and
bisect each other at right angles.
Vectors
40
Q-9) Using vector method, find the incentre of
a triangle whose vertices are P(0,2,1),
P,Q,R are
= 2 j + k , q = 2k and
PQ
= qp
3 1
H = , ,1
2 2
Q-10)Prove that the segment joining the midpoints of the diagonals of a trapezium is
parallel to the parallel sides and equals half
its difference.
2i + 2k
2i 2 j + 2k
2i 2 j k
Ans. Let M and N be the midpoints of the diagonals

AC and BD respectively of the trapezium
ABCD in which side AD|| side BC.
= 2k
( 2i + 2k ) (2i + k )
2i 2 j + k
PR
z =
PQ
and
m =
x =
0+0+2
y =
( 2)2 + ( 2)2 +12
= 3
and y =
( 2)2 + ( 2)2 +12
= 3
= 2
( )
If H h is the incentre of the triangle PQR, then
x p + yq + zr
x +y +z
) ( ) (
2 2 j + k + 3 2i + 3 2i + 2k
... (i)
1
4 j + 2k 6i 6i + 6k
8
1
12i + 4 j + 8k
8
b +d
a +c
and n =
2
2
MN = n m =
b +d a +c
2
2
1
d a c b
1
AD BC
2
) (
)
k 1
BC
2
... [By (1)]... (2)
Thus MN is a scalar multiple of BC .
MN and BC are collinear vectors, i.e.,

parallel vectors.
MN BC , where BC AD .
seg MN is parallel to the parallel sides AD

and BC of the trapezium.
2+3+3
AD BC = k .BC BC = (k 1) BC
Let a , b, c , d ,m and n be the position vectors

of the points A, B, C, D, M and N respectively.
Since M and N are the midpoints of the
digonals AC and BD, by the midpoint formula,
QR ,
y =
there exists a non-zero scalar k, such that
AD = k .BC
Let x =
Then the vectors AD and BC are collinear.
and
= r p
PR
( 2i + 2k ) ( 2i )
Vectors
= r p
QR
3 1
i + j +k
2
2
h =
Q( 2,0,0) and R(2,0,2).

Ans. The position vectors p, q , r of the vertices
Now, AD and BC are collinear vectors.
AD BC = AD BC = AD BC
from (ii) we have,

1
MN = 2 AD BC
41
From (iii) and (iv), we get,
AC . AC = BD . BD
1
1
AD BC =
AD BC .
2
2
AC
Q-11) If the lengths of two non-parallel sides of
AC = BD
a trapezium are equal then, prove by vector

method that lengths of their diagonals are
MN =
equal.
Ans.
l (AC) = l (BD)
Hence, the diagonal of the tranpezium are
euqal.
D
D
= BD
C
C
Let ABCD be a trapenzium such that AB is

parallel to CD and l (AD) = l (BC)
i.e., AD = BC ...(i)
Let AM and BN be the perpendiculars from
A and B to DC respectively.
AMD BNC
C ...(ii)
D =
Now, AC = AD + DC and BD = BC + CD
)(
AC . AC = AD + DC . AD + DC
= AD . AD + AD . DC + DC . AD + DC . DC
2
= AD + 2AD . DC + DC
( AD . DC = DC . AD )
2
= AD + 2 AD . DC cos ( D ) + DC
2
= AD 2 AD . CD cos D + DC ...(iii)
)(
and BD . BD = BC + CD . BC + CD
2
= BC + 2BC .CD + CD
( BC .CD = CD . BC )
2
= BC + 2 BC CD cos ( C ) + CD
2
= BC 2 BC CD cos C + CD
2
= AD 2 AD . CD cos D + CD ...(iv)
[By (i) and (ii)]
Vectors

Vectors 13 14

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Vectors 13 14

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

GROUP (A)- CLASS WORK PROBLEMS

i.e. QR is scalar multiple of PQ

Q-1) If a , b , c are the position vectors of the

A, B, C respectively Such that

3a + 5b = 8c , then find the ratio in which

PQ & P R belong to same line

points P, Q and R are collinear

Q-3) ABCD is a quadrillateral M and N are

Ans. i) We are given that

Ans. Let a , b, c , d , m , n be the position vectors of

C divides AB internally in the ratio 5 : 3

ii) We are given that

A divides BC externally in the ratio 8 : 5.

vectors are 5a + 6b + 7c , 7a + 6b + 9c and

Q-4) G and Gare centroids of ABC and ABC.

vectors of A,B,C,A,B,C,G and G respectively

Mahesh Tutorials Science

...[from (i), (ii) and (iii)]

a '+ b '+ c '

= a '+ b '+ c '

AA '+ BB '+ CC '

(a ' a ) + (b ' b ) + (c ' c )

(a '+ b '+ c ') (a + b + c )

Q-5) D, E, F, are mid - point of sides BC, CA, AB,

Ans. Let a , b, c , d , e and f be position vectors of

Using mid-point formula,

= R.H.S. Hence proved

Mahesh Tutorials Science

Q-6) AB and CD are two chords of a circle

intersecting at right angles in P. Show that

Ans. Draw OQ AB and OR CD

are the position

vectors of A,B,C,D,P,Q and R respectively with

Q-7) If a , b , c and d are the position vectors of

respect to centre O. Q and R are the midpoints of AB and CD respectively.

Let e is the position vector of E. E .

Using mid-point formula,

E divides AB internally in the ratio 7 : 2 and

E is the point on both AB and CD.

Q-8) In ABC, O is circumcenter, H is orthocenter

Ans. Let a , b, c , o and h are p.v. of A,B,C,O and H

We know that, if O,G and H are collinear then

[from (i) and (ii)

centroid and g is its position vector.

Now, OQPR is a rectangle, hence it is also

Substituting (ii) in (i) we get,

Mahesh Tutorials Science

M and N are mid points of AB and CD

= R.H.S. Hence proved

from equation (i)

= h + 2o 3h from eq. (i)

Q-10) If ai + 3 j + bk is unit vector, prove that

Q-11) If a , b , c are position vectors of AB and C

where A (0, 2, 1), B (0, 1,3),

From equations (ii) and (iii)

Mahesh Tutorials Science

... (i) and

Solving equations (i) and (ii) x = 1 and y = 1

Q-12) If A(3, 2, -1), B(2, 3, 4), C(0, 5,14) then show

By equality of vectors, we have,

Let P be the midpoint of BC.

Then by midpoint formula, we have,

divides seg AC internally in the ratio 1:2.

Q-13) If A(3,1,1), B(1,5,2) are the vertices and