ISSN 1063-7710, Acoustical Physics, 2009, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 136142. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2009.

Original Russian Text N.I. Polzikova, G.D. Mansfeld, S.G. Alekseev, A.O. Raevski, 2009, published in Akusticheski Zhurnal, 2009, Vol. 55, No. 1, pp. 121128.

PHYSICAL FOUNDATIONS
OF ENGINEERING ACOUSTICS

Calculation of Acoustic Energy Trapping in Resonators Based

on Isotropic and Nanoceramic Materials
N. I. Polzikova, G. D. Mansfeld, S. G. Alekseev, and A. O. Raevski
Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences,
ul. Mokhovaya 18, Moscow, 103907 Russia
e-mail: mans@cplire.ru
Received April 26, 2008

AbstractThe problem of acoustic energy trapping in a microwave resonator structure operating on the basis
of acoustic waves and containing a relatively thick nanoceramic plate, which has a piezoelectric film with electrodes on its surface, is solved. For a composite resonator structure made on the basis of isotropic substrates and
nanoceramics, formulas are derived that allow one to choose the thicknesses of its layers to obtain a high Q
factor at a desired frequency.
PACS numbers: 43.20.Ks
DOI: 10.1134/S1063771009010163

INTRODUCTION
The urgency of this work is stipulated by the high
interest in microwave resonator structures [1]. To create
resonator structures with a high Q factor, not only single crystals with low acoustic loss can be used, but also
high-quality ceramic materials, for instance, YAG
nanoceramics, which have recently been developed and
are also characterized by low losses [2].
The Q factor of a resonator structure based on single
crystals is determined by well-established mechanisms:
viscoelastic loss associated with the propagation of
acoustic waves in the structure layers, diffraction loss,
and loss due to the scattering of acoustic wave energy
at reflections from the surface roughness of reflecting
faces [3]. In ceramics, additional specific mechanisms
of energy loss due to wave scattering by the grains and
pores of the structure are possible [4]. Specific conditions of acoustic wave propagation in ceramics also
require modification of the theory describing the frequency-periodic additional attenuation component
associated with the excitation of Lamb modes, which
carry energy away from the resonance region of a composite resonator [3, 4]. Information on the magnitude of
this loss is very important for both understanding the
nature of acoustic loss in thin layers of ceramics and
designing practical devices. For the case where the
acoustic wavelength is much greater than the spatial
inhomogeneities in the propagation medium, which is
often true for nanoceramics, the problem is reduced to
analysis of energy trapping in an isotropic medium with
averaged acoustic characteristics. The problem on
energy trapping in acoustic resonators made on the
basis of ceramics has not yet been solved.

The use of ceramics for manufacturing resonator

plates has some advantages over single crystal plates.
These include the low cost of the plate material and the
fact that highly accurate (to within few arcseconds) orientation of the plate with respect to crystallographic
axes is unnecessary.
SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM
ON THE OSCILLATION SPECTRUM IN A PLATE
MADE OF AN ISOTROPIC MATERIAL
The structure of a composite acoustic resonator is
schematically represented in Fig. 1. The substrate is a
relatively thick layer 1 of an isotropic material with
plane-parallel faces (for instance, a layer of YAG
ceramics). On its surface there are: an electrode 2 in the

136

x3

4
3
2

d
u3
u1

1
i

u1

u3
x1

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of a composite resonator structure: (1) an isotropic plate made of a material with low
acoustic loss, (2, 4) metallic film electrodes, and (3) a piezoelectric film.

CALCULATION OF ACOUSTIC ENERGY TRAPPING IN RESONATORS

form of a thin metallic film, a piezoelectric film 3, and

another thin-film metallic electrode 4. The entire structure of the transducer 24 has a relatively small transverse size 2a; below this, the major portion of oscillatory energy of the composite acoustic resonator is concentrated throughout the entire thickness of the
structure. As in the case of single crystals [5], we consider the operation of the composite resonator at higher
harmonics. This means that the thickness of the structure is equal to a great number (up to several hundreds)
of half-wavelengths. In addition, we assume that the
substrate thickness d considerably exceeds the transducer thickness t. The effective thickness is calculated
with consideration for the phase incursion in the transducer layers [5]. As a result, the transducersubstrate
structure can be considered as an isotropic plate with
the thickness varying within a < x1 < a.
Elastic properties of an isotropic body are described
by two constants, for example, by the elastic moduli c11
and c44, which determine the velocities of longitudinal
and degenerate transverse acoustic waves. In the case of
YAG nanoceramics, to find these moduli, it is possible
to use the method of averaging the elastic moduli of a
single crystal c 'ik , known as the VoigtRoyceHill
(VRH) method [6]. The average values of Youngs
modulus E and shear modulus G are found as
EV + E R
-,
E = -----------------2

GV + G R
-,
G = ------------------2

( c '11 c '12 + 3c '44 ) ( c '11 + 2c '12 )

-,
E V = ------------------------------------------------------------------2c '11 + 3c '12 + c '44

(2)

c '11 c '12 + 3c '44

-,
G V = ---------------------------------5

and ER and GR are the average moduli according to the

Royce model,
' ( c 11
' c 12
' ) ( c 11
' + 2c 44
' )
5c 44
-,
E R = -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------' ( 3c 11
' + c 12
' ) + ( c 11
' c 12
' ) ( c 11
' + 2c 12
' )
c 44
5c '44 ( c '11 c '12 )
G R = -------------------------------------------.
4c '44 + 3 ( c '11 c '12 )

(3)

The elastic moduli c11 and c44 are determined from

Eqs. (1)(3) after substituting them into the relationship
4G E
c 11 = G ----------------- ,
3G E

c 44 = G.

(4)

Obviously, for YAG with an anisotropy factor A =

2 c '44 /( c '11 c '12 ) close to unity, the deviation of the average moduli from the corresponding moduli of a single
crystal should be insignificant. In addition, since the
anisotropy is positive (A > 1), the velocity of the longitudinal wave is greater and the velocity of the transverse
ACOUSTICAL PHYSICS

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No. 1

wave is smaller than the corresponding velocities in crystallographic directions of a single crystal. For other
materials with A < 1, the relation between the velocities
should be opposite. Using the numerical values c '11 =
' = 11.50 1010 N/m2, and c 12
' =
33.32 1010 N/m2, c 44
11.07 1010 N/m2 (A = 1.03) for an YAG single crystal, we obtain the following average moduli for the
ceramics: c11 = 34.495 1010 N/m2, c44 = 11.348 1010
N/m2, and c12 = c11 2c44 = 11.798 1010 N/m2.
Coupled equations for the components of the
mechanical displacement vector ui (i = 1, 3) in the isotropic material can be written as
u
u
u3
u1
- = c 11 ---------2-1 + ( c 11 c 44 ) ---------------- + c 44 ---------2-1 ,
--------2
x 1 x 3
t
x 1
x 3
2

2009

u
u
u3
u1
- = c 44 ---------2-3 + ( c 11 c 44 ) ---------------- + c 11 ---------2-3 ,
--------2
x
x
1
3
t
x 1
x 3
2

(5)

where is the density of the material and cik are the

elastic moduli. Component u3 of the mechanical displacement vector parallel to the resonator axis will be
called longitudinal, and component u1 will be called
transverse. The shear component u2 is unrelated to u1
and u3 and is described by the equation
2
2 u 2 2 u 2
u2
=
- + ---------2- .
c
--------44 --------2
2
t
x 1 x 3

(1)

where EV and GV are the average moduli according to

the Voigt model,

137

(6)

As in [5], the solution to Eqs. (5) and (6) for the waves
propagating along the x3 axis with the amplitude varying along the x1 axis is sought in the form
u i = ( A i cos x 3 + B i sin x 3 ) exp ( x 1 ) exp ( it ). (7)
The result of solving the problem is the determination of wave numbers and describing the character
of propagation for the modes excited in the structure
and carrying away the energy in the transverse direction
with respect to the resonator axis. In our notation, the
imaginary corresponds to the propagation of these
waves. The real corresponds to the wave attenuation
in the transverse direction with respect to the resonator
axis.
From Eq. (1) it is possible to find the expressions for
in the form
1, 2 = 01, 02 + ,
2

(8)

where
01 =

--------- and
c 11
2

02 =

---------.
c 44
2

The dispersion equation can be obtained by taking into

account the two roots 1 and 2 and the boundary conditions for a mechanically unloaded plate (the mechanical stresses at the free boundaries are zero).

138

POLZIKOVA et al.

As a result, we obtain an exact transcendental dispersion equation for arbitrary and :

( 1 + M ) sin 1 d sin 2 d
2

we obtain the solutions for quasi-longitudinal and

quasi-transverse waves, respectively:

(9)

k ( 01 d ) ( k )
2
-,
1 = -----2- -----------------------------------k + 2 1
d

(15)

According to Eq. (8), the desired quantity enters

into expressions for 1, 2 and into the expression for the
coefficient M:

m ( 02 d ) ( m )
2
--------------------------------------.
2 = ------2
m + 2 2
d

(16)

+ 2M ( 1 cos 1 d cos 2 d ) = 0.

4 1 2
M = ---------------------.
2
2
( 2 + )
2

01
-.
M -----------3
02
2

(11)

Therefore, as a first approximation, Eq. (9) can be

solved at M = 0. Then, we obtain two independent solutions for quasi-longitudinal and quasi-transverse
waves, respectively:
sin 2 d = 0.

(12)
(1)

Substituting the solutions to Eqs. (12), i.e., 1 d = k

(1)

and 2 d = m, into Eq. (8), we obtain an approximate

solution in an explicit form:
k 2
(1) 2
2
( 1 ) = ------ 01 ,
d

m 2
(1) 2
2
( 2 ) = ------- 02 . (13)
d

The intersections of dependence (13) with the fre(1)

quency axis ( 1, 2 = 0) give
k c 11
k = ------ -----,
d

(1)

(10)

For a small , the coefficient M is proportional to 2:

sin 1 d = 0,

m c 44
m = ------- -----,
d

(14)

Exact expressions for the displacements can be written as u = (U1(x3), 0, U3(x3))exp(x1)exp(it), where
U 1 ( x 3 ) = u 0 ( sin ( 1 d ) + M sin ( 2 d ) ) cos ( 2 x 3 )
-----------------------+ ----- cos ( 1 x 3 )

----- sin ( 1 x 3 ) + ----- sin ( 2 x 3 ) ,

1
M
U 3 ( x 3 ) = u 0 cos ( 1 x 3 ) ----- ----- cos ( 2 x 3 )
2

In the next approximation, by assuming

2

1, 2 d =

(1)
1, 2 d

(11, )2
- 1, 2 ,
+ -------(1)
1, 2

(17)

+ ( sin ( 1 d ) + M sin ( 2 d ) )

sin ( 1 x 3 ) + --------- sin ( 2 x 3 ) ,

2
= 2 1 / ( 2 + ).
2

which are the resonance frequencies for purely longitudinal and purely transverse waves in the plate.

(1)

For > k and > m, the wave numbers 1 and 2

are imaginary. This corresponds to the propagation of
such waves in the transverse direction with respect to
the resonator axis. For < k and < m, the wave
number is real, which corresponds to exponential
attenuation of waves in the direction of the x1 axis.

Formulas (15) and (16) are valid in the case when

(/1, 2)2
1 and when the frequencies of quasi-transverse waves widely differ from the frequencies of
quasi-longitudinal waves; i.e., when the solutions to
Eq. (9) do not coincide (away from the hybridization
regions).
In this case, from Eq. (17) it follows that the displacements can be represented as

where
c 44 3/2 ( 1 ) cos ( k c 11 /c 44 )
- ----------------------------------------------------------- ,
1 = 2 ---- c 11
sin ( k c /c )
k

11

c 44
2 = 2 ---- c 11

1/2

44

( 1 ) cos ( m c 44 /c 11 )
-------------------------------------------------------------- ,
sin ( m c 44 /c 11 )
m

2
U 3 ( x 3 ) = u 0 cos ( 1 x 3 ) + O -----2 ,

(18)

U 1 ( x 3 ) ----- U 3 ( x 3 ) ,
1
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CALCULATION OF ACOUSTIC ENERGY TRAPPING IN RESONATORS

f, Hz
1.170

2
U 1 ( x 3 ) = u 0 cos ( 2 x 3 ) + O -----2 ,

1.165

for quasi-longitudinal (Eq. (18)) and quasi-transverse

(Eq. (19)) waves, respectively. This is schematically
illustrated in the left- and right-hand parts of Fig. 1.
The presence of transducer layers is taken into
account in the same way as in [6]. As a result, the presence of transducer layers displaces the pattern of dispersion curves for the plate either to lower or to higher
frequencies. Thus, after determining the phase shifts in
the transducer layers, we reduce the problem to the
transformation of dispersion curves calculated for the
plate alone. Note that the sign of the frequency shift can
be either the same or different for various mode types.
We designate by s and t the resonance frequencies for the plate with its actual thickness and for the
plate with its effective thickness (which corresponds to
the structure with the transducer) and by s and t the
corresponding frequency-dependent attenuation constants.
In the case when the oscillation frequency lies
between the cut-off frequencies
(20)
s > > t ,
the oscillation energy is localized in the region below
the transducer and near it, that is, the so-called oscillation energy trapping takes place.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
It is convenient to illustrate the results of our analysis by numerical calculations.
Figure 2 shows the frequency dependences of the
wave number for waves propagating in a substrate
made of YAG ceramics. The solid lines are the result of
numerical solution of Eq. (9). The thickness of the YAG
plate was chosen as 500 m. The figure displays quasilongitudinal modes with the numbers k = 132, 133, and
134 and quasi-transverse modes with the numbers m =
231, 232, and 233. In the domain of real values of ,
gaps appear in the spectrum of damped solutions. At the
gap boundaries, the solutions for quasi-longitudinal
and quasi-transverse modes transform into each other.
An example of the shift of dispersion curves due to
addition of transducer layers to the plate (the thickness of electrodes is 0.1 m, and the thickness of zinc
oxide film is 3 m) is also presented in Fig. 2. The
phase incursions for longitudinal modes in this frequency band are equivalent to a decrease in the plate
thickness by 0.61, 0.65, and 0.69 m, respectively.
This is shown schematically in Fig. 3a. The dispersion
curves for the whole structure (the dot-and-dash lines)
run higher in frequency than the dependences calcuVol. 55

L134

(19)

U 3 ( x 3 ) ----- U 1 ( x 3 )
2

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139

No. 1

2009

S233
L133

1.160
S232

1.155
S231

L132

1.150
1.0
0.5
Im 103, cm1

0.5
1.0
Re 103, cm1

Fig. 2. Frequency dependences of the real and imaginary

parts of the wave number for the waves propagating in the
substrate made of YAG ceramics. The solid lines are the
result of numerical solution of Eq. (9) for the substrate; the
dot-and-dash lines and the dashed lines are approximate
solutions by formulas (15) and (16) for longitudinal and
transverse waves in the structure containing the transducer
layers. The numbers near the solid lines indicate the wave
harmonics in the substrate. The letter L corresponds to longitudinal waves, and the letter S to transverse waves. The
forbidden zone is hatched.

lated for the plate do (solid lines). For transverse

waves, the picture is the opposite: the dashed lines run
lower than the solid lines. In this case, the phase incursions for the above-mentioned modes are equivalent to
an increase in the plate thickness by 0.79, 0.87, and
0.95 m, respectively (Fig. 3b).
The exact value of the frequency in interval (20)
depends not only on the thickness, but also on the size
of the transducer aperture. For a transducer with an
aperture 2a, the frequency can be found as was done in
[8, 9]. For this purpose, the mechanical displacements
below the transducer are expressed as waves propagating along the x1 axis in opposite directions. Outside the
transducer, they have the form of solutions decaying
with distance from the transducer. Using the condition
of continuity of mechanical displacements and stresses
at the boundaries below the transducer and outside it, it
is possible to obtain an equation for determining the
natural frequencies of the entire structure:

tan ( i t a ) = -----s- ,
i t

cot ( i t a ) = -----s- ,
i t

(21)

respectively, for even and odd numbers of half-waves

that fit within the width of the transducer aperture.

140

POLZIKOVA et al.
x3

(a)

x3

(b)

a
a

Fig. 3. Conventional distribution of oscillation amplitude in the structure: (a) the case without energy trapping and (b) the case with
energy trapping: the upper curve is for the case where one half-wavelength fits within the transducer aperture; the lower curve is for
the case where three half-wavelengths fit within the transducer aperture.

Equation (21) has solutions only in the above-mentioned frequency band (20); i.e., only when s is real
and t is imaginary. However, Eqs. (21) do not take into
account the mixed character of displacements in the
wave and the contribution of the whole set of modes to
the boundary conditions.

Let us suppose that, for d < x3 < d', the condition

T t x1 = a is satisfied. Then, the boundary stresses in the
plate can be written as

Let us rigorously consider the spectrum of oscillations in a composite resonator in the frequency band
satisfying inequality (20) and far from the regions of
hybridization of longitudinal and transverse oscillations. We assume that, according to Fig. 1, the plate
region below the transducer |x1| < a has an effective
thickness of d' = d + , where 0 < /d
1. If the inequality (/1, 2)2
1 is satisfied, then, according to
Eqs. (18), (19), it is possible to neglect the mixed character of mechanical displacements, i.e., the contribution of transverse components to longitudinal ones and
vice versa. Omitting the time multiplier, we represent
the solutions for the components of displacement U in
the form

(23)

Us

nx

A n cos ------------3 exp (

+ sn x 1 ),

n=0

Expressions (23) can be expanded into Fourier series in

terms of cosmx3/d' harmonics. We expand the displacements U t x1 = a in terms of cosnx3/d harmonics.
Now, the equations of continuity of stresses will contain the dependence on the coordinate x3 only in the
form of series in terms of cosmx3/d' harmonics while
the equations of continuity of displacements in terms of
cosnx3/d harmonics. Equating the terms corresponding to identical harmonics, it is possible to express the

+
coefficients A n and F n in terms of the amplitudes F i

( F n = B n B n ), for which an infinite set of equations

is obtained:

x 1 > a;

Ut =

U s
, 0 x 3 d,
---------= x 1 x1 = a

0, d x 3 d'.

T s x1 = a

m=0

mx
+
cos -------------3 [ B m exp ( + tm x 1 )
d'

+ B m exp ( + tm x 1 ) ],

K m Fm +

+
mi F m + i

= 0.

(24)

i0

(22)
0

Here, Km = K m + K m ,
x 1 < a.

The first of Eqs. (22) has two solutions: with index +

for x1 > a and with index for x1 < a. The second
equation refers to the transducer region. At the boundaries of planes |x1| = a, solutions (22) and normal components of stresses T = U/x1 should be continuous for
any value of the coordinate 0 < x3 < d. At the transducer
boundary, for d < x3 < d', it is necessary to impose additional boundary conditions, for instance, either zero
displacements or zero stresses.

C mm
0
K m = ----------- i ( t )m sin ( 2i ( t )m )
i ( t )m

+ 2C mm cos ( 2i ( t )m ),
1

Km =

p0

C m, m + p
----------------- sin ( 2i ( t )m + p a ),
i ( t )m + p

D m, k = C m, m + k( cos (2i ( t )m a) + cos (2i ( t )m + k a))

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(25)

2009

CALCULATION OF ACOUSTIC ENERGY TRAPPING IN RESONATORS

C m, m + p C m + p, m + k

sin ( 2i
----------------------------------------i
( t )m + p

p0

C m, k

2m
2 2
C mm --------------- ( + m ),
d

( t )m + p a ),

md kd
4mk sin ----------- sin --------d'
d'
= -----------------------------------------------2
( dd' )
(s) p

-.
-------------------------------------------------------------------- m p k p
2

The condition of solvability of the set of equations (24)

is the zero value of the infinite determinant consisting of
+
the coefficients multiplying F i . An approximate solution to the problem can be obtained by using the perturbation theory with the small parameter = /d
1.
+
+
Retaining only the terms with F m and F m 1 in Eqs. (24),
it is possible to cut off the chain of equations and obtain
the dispersion equation in the form
2

D m, 1 D m, 1
K m = ------------ + ------------- .
Km + 1 Km 1

(26)

For the zeroth order of harmonic interaction, we

have Cm, k = (s)mm, k, Dm, k = 0. Equation (26) transforms to the equation
0

K m = 0,

(27)

which (as can easily be shown) is equivalent to two

Eqs. (21). In the next approximation, it is necessary to
take into account other terms of the sum in the coefficients Cm, m in Eq. (27). Using Eq. (25), we obtain
C m, m = m ( s )m +

( s )m + p
---------------------------------------------- ,
p 2 2
2
2
p 0 d d' 1 + ----

(28)

lim m = 1.

In Eq. (28), we substitute the approximate values of the

wave numbers
2m
( s )m = --------------- ,
d
( s )m + p

(29)

2m
= --------------- p ( 1 + p/2m ).
d

As a result, we arrive at the estimate

ACOUSTICAL PHYSICS

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No. 1

(30)

From Eqs. (29) and (30), it is seen that the harmonics with
p > 0 correspond to solutions decaying away from the
transducer; their number is infinite, and their contribution
1
can be estimated as 1 =
------------------------------------ <
p>0
p 3/2
p 1 + -----
2m
(3/2). The harmonics with p < 0 correspond to solutions propagating from the transducer; their number is
finite (1 p m), and their contribution can be esti3/2
2
mated as 2 = mp = 1 ------------------------------------- < 23/2(3/2).
p ( 1 + m p )
Here, (z) is the Riemann zeta function. The quantity 2
determines the wave attenuation associated with the
escape of energy from the transducer region.

2009

Two important conclusions following from the consideration of interaction between harmonics with different numbers should be pointed out. First, the attenuation of oscillations in the transducer region takes place
even in the frequency band in which the condition of
energy trapping (Eq. (20)) is satisfied, when no interaction occurs between harmonics with different numbers.
Second, the consideration for the interaction between
harmonics with different numbers is important for
determining the exact resonance frequencies of the
structure and for optimizing the size of the aperture and
the transducer thickness. The condition under which
this interaction can be neglected follows from Eq. (30)
and has the form

md
2dd' sin ----------d'
- ,
m = -----------------------------2
2
m ( d d' )

1
------------------------------------ = 1 i 2 .
p 3/2
p 0 p 1 + -------

2m

---- -- d' d

---- -- d' d

141

3/2

1

------2 .
m

(31)

For the above-mentioned parameters of the plate in

the frequency band under study, 3/2 7.64 105.
Thus, for quasi-transverse harmonics with m = 231,
232, and 233 (see Fig. 2), condition (31) is not satisfied
and the resonator frequency should be determined by
taking into account the interaction between all the harmonics from Eqs. (27) and (30).
At the same time, at frequencies on the order of
900 MHz, for a quasi-longitudinal wave with k = 105
and the same parameters of the plate, the phase incursions are equivalent to an increase in the plate thickness
by 0.3 m. In this case, 3/2 1.5 105. Thus, for harmonics with number k on the order of 100 or lower,
condition (31) is satisfied and, for finding the resonator
frequency, one can use Eq. (21). Let us consider an
example of graphical solution of Eq. (21) for this case.

142

POLZIKOVA et al.

CONCLUSIONS

f, GHz

0.916
fr

0.914

0.912
0.6
0.4
0.2
Imt 103, cm1

0.2
0.4
0.6
Res 103, cm1

Fig. 4. Illustration of the graphical determination of the resonance frequency for the longitudinal mode with k = 105.
The solid lines are the frequency dependences Res( f ) and
Imt ( f ); the dot-and-dash lines represent the function
(Imt ) tan ( Im t a ) . The dashed line parallel to the abscissa
axis indicates the values of the resonance frequency fr and
of Imt ( fr).

Figure 4 shows the calculated dispersion curves corresponding to an even distribution of the displacement
relative to the structure axis for a transducer aperture of
2a = 200 m.
The calculated value of the resonance frequency of
the structure is fr = 914.3 MHz. It corresponds to the
point of intersection of Res( f ) with the solution to
Eq. (21) and, according to Eq. (20), lies between the
cut-off frequencies of the plate and of the whole structure. The resonance frequency obtained corresponds to
nonzero value of Imt ( fr). According to Eq. (13), this
means that, for the region below the transducer, a wave
solution exists for the transverse direction with respect
to the structure axis, while outside the transducer, a
damped solution is present. At the resonance frequency
determined above, energy trapping takes place. Less
than a half-wavelength fits within the transducer aperture (see Fig. 3b, upper curve). In the example under
consideration, this solution is unique. Note that, with
variation of the thickness and aperture of the transducer, a case is possible where several intersections of
Res( f ) with the solution to Eq. (13) occur (see Fig. 3b,
lower curve).
In a wide frequency range, because of the phase
incursion in the transducer layers, the sequence of cutoff frequencies s and t may change, which leads to a
periodicity of alternation of the energy trapping and
nontrapping regions. Such a periodicity was observed
experimentally in [5].

Thus, we obtained an exact solution to the problem

on the spectrum of oscillations of a composite resonator
structure operating in the microwave frequency band on
the basis of longitudinal or transverse acoustic waves.
The structure is assumed to consist of a relatively thick
ceramic plate with a piezoelectric film and electrodes
applied to its surface. The problem is solved for a resonator operating at higher harmonics of the fundamental
frequency of the layer, at a large value of the ratio of its
thickness to the thickness of other layers of the structure. The phenomenon of energy trapping is thoroughly
investigated. Formulas allowing one to analyze the possibility of obtaining a high Q factor of the composite
resonator structure at a desired frequency and to find
the exact value of the resonance frequency of the composite resonator are derived.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This work was supported by the Russian Foundation
for Basic Research (project nos. 07-02-01006-a and 0702-13581ofi-ts) and by the program Development of
the Scientific Potential of Higher Educational Institutions (grant no. 2.1.1.4675).
REFERENCES
1. K. M. Lakin, in 2002 IEEE International Ultrasonic
Symposium Proceedings, Munich, Germany, 2002,
pp. 879886.
2. N. Polzikova, G. Manfeld, S. Alekseev, et al., in Proceedings of the Ultrasonic Symposium, Beijing, China,
2008, pp. 655659.
3. R. Truell, C. Elbaum, and B. B. Chick, Ultrasonic Methods in Solid State Physics (Mir, Moscow, 1972; Academic, New York, 1969).
4. G. D. Mansfeld, M. K. Rodionova, and A. D. Frek, Fiz.
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Translated by A. Svechnikov
ACOUSTICAL PHYSICS

Vol. 55

No. 1

2009