Synopsis of Proposed Research

OPTIMISED DESIGN OF
ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING ENVELOPE OF
OFFICE BUILDINGS IN
LUCKNOW
by

FARHEEN BANO
Roll No.: 1101001

GUIDE: PROF. JAGBIR SINGH

Field of Study: Architecture
Faculty of Architecture

GAUTAM BUDDH TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, LUCKNOW

April 2015
1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. BACKGROUND............................................................................................................. 1
1.1 Energy Scenario in India............................................................................................ 1
1.2 Electricity scenario in India......................................................................................... 1
1.3 Why Buildings?......................................................................................................... 2
1.4 Typical Energy Consumption Pattern in Buildings:.........................................................2
1.5 Commercial Buildings Sector in India...........................................................................2
1.6 Typical Energy Saving Approach in Buildings................................................................3
1.7 Preliminary assessment of building codes/standards in India...........................................3
2. AIM.............................................................................................................................. 4
3. OBJECTIVES................................................................................................................ 4
4. SCOPE and LIMITATIONS............................................................................................. 5
5. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK...................................................................................... 5
5.1 Review of Previous Work : International.......................................................................5
5.2 Review of Previous Work: National.............................................................................. 8
6. IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH GAP AND PROBLEM..................................................10
7. EXPECTED IMPACT ON ACADEMICS/ INDUSTRY.........................................................10
8. METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................ 11
8.1 Research Methodology............................................................................................ 13
8.2 Simulation Methodology........................................................................................... 13
9. MAJOR INPUTS (INFRASTRUCTURE) REQUIRED........................................................14
10. CHAPTER OUTLINE.................................................................................................. 15
11. SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES (GANNT CHART)..............................................................16
12. REFERENCES.......................................................................................................... 17

Signature of the Candidate

Name and Signature of Supervisor(s)

Counter Signature of the Head of Institution / Organization

Chapter -1 Introduction
1.1 Background
Energy is a basic requirement for economic
development in almost all major sectors of Indian economy agriculture, industry, transport, com mercial, and residential
(domestic). Buildings accounts for 40-50% of the total Energy
consumption in most of the countries, as shown in Fig-1. The
absolute figure is rising fast, as construction booms, especially
in developing countries such as India. It is essential to act now,
because buildings can make a major contribution in tackling
climate change and energy use. The energy conscious design
approach helps designers and building owners to economically
reduce building operating costs, while improving comfort for
the buildings occupants. The energy consumed by a building
depends on its use (whether residential, commercial or
industrial), the type of building (air-conditioned or otherwise),
the interaction of spaces, and the climate. Architects have to
ensure that the design of the built form suits the intended use of
the building and the specific needs of the client within the
framework of the prevailing climatic conditions. That is, the
parameters of architectural design are based on need, context
and form, the relationships between which are outlined in Fig.
2. Appropriate combinations of these parameters lead to savings
of energy required for maintaining healthy and comfortable
indoor conditions.
1.1.1 Energy Scenario in India
Forecasts of our Energy requirements by 2030, when
our population may touch 1.4 billion people, indicate that
demand from power sector will increase from the existing
185,000 MW to about 400,000 MW. This assumes an energy
growth rate of 5% per annum as shown in Fig-3. Electric power
generation in India now accesses four basic energy sources:
Fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas and coal; Hydroelectricity;
Nuclear power; and Renewable energy sources such as biofuels, solar, biomass, wind and ocean.
SOURCE: Energy independence and evolution of carbon
neutral nations- APJ abdulkalam 27/2/2014

Fig-1: Global Energy Use,

sector wise
Source:

Fig-2 Parameters of
architectural design
Source:

Fig-3 Energy Consumption

pattern in India
Source:

Commercial Building Sector in India

Commercial buildings are one of the major

consumers of energy and are the third
largest consumers of energy, after industry
and agriculture.

Currently, ~ 659 million m (USAID ECO-III

Internal Estimate Using MOSPI, CEA and
Benchmarked Energy Use data)
In 2030,~ 1,900 million m (estimated).
(Kumar , 2012)
POTENTIAL OF ENERGY SAVING
Buildings annually consume more than
30% of electricity used in India. Most commercial
buildings have energy performance index (EPI) of
200 to 400 kWh/ sq m/ year. Energy-conscious
building design has been shown to reduce EPI to
100 to 150 kWh/ sq m/ year in India. (Mathur,
2007)
The potential for energy savings is 40 50% in
buildings, if energy efficiency measures are
incorporated at the design stage. For existing
buildings, the potential can be as high as 20-25%
which can be achieved by implementing
housekeeping and retrofitting measures. The
Fig-4 Break down of energy
incremental cost incurred for achieving energy
consumption pattern in India
efficiency is 5-8% vis--vis conventional design
Source: Central Electricity
cost and can have an attractive payback period of
Authority's 'Year End Review
2009
4-6 years. (EIA, 2011)
Building Energy Consumption of Commercial Building in India:
Air conditioning - 52 %
Lighting - 22%
Ventilation Fans - 5%
Miscellaneous Equipments - 16%
Source: Energy Efficiency Through Green Building Concepts by CII
Vision of IGBC
Fig-5 Break down of energy
consumption of commercial
building pattern in India
Source: Central Electricity
Authority's 'Year End Review
2012-13

Role of Building Envelope in energy saving:

HVAC accounts for the highest energy consumption in
the commercial buildings. The load on HVAC is
basically through the internal heat gain which is
through:
1. Building envelope- 26%
2. Lighting- 8%
3. Equipments- 10%
4. Occupancy: 3%
5. Infiltration- 5%
Out of 52 percentage load from the HVAC, 26 percent is
the load from heat gain through building envelope. In a
commercial building, the cooling load can be saved by
about 26% by adopting appropriate design
considerations and operation strategies for building
envelope. Simple design procedures such as
orientation, shading, insulation, etc. can be easily
incorporated in any building, leading to substantial
benefits from the point of view of comfort and energy
savings.

Fig-5 Break down of energy

consumption of commercial
building pattern in India
Source: Central Electricity
Authority's 'Year End Review
2012-13

BUILDING ENVELOPE
The building envelope is the interface between the
interior of the building and the outdoor environment,
including the walls, roof, and foundation. By acting as a
thermal barrier, the building envelope plays an
important role in regulating interior temperatures and
helps determine the amount of energy required to
maintain thermal comfort. Minimizing heat transfer
through the building envelope is crucial for reducing
the need for space heating and cooling.

Improving the Thermal Performance of

the Building Envelope

1.7 Preliminary assessment of building codes/standards in India

India has many central and local authorities and bodies that help compile building codes
and standards that are applicable at local and national levels. A of now, there are different codes
that have been developed by bodies such as:
i) The Bureau of Indian Standards National Building Code: The National building code has
recently (2005) been revised. In the latest edition of the code, aspects of energy conservation and
sustainable development have been consistently dealt
ii) The Bureau of Energy Efficiency Energy Conservation
Building Codes ECBC set minimum energy efficiency
standards for design and construction. ECBC encourage
energy efficient design or retrofit of buildings so that It does not
constrain the building function, comfort, health, or the
productivity of the occupants

Lifecycle costs (construction + energy costs) are

minimized
ECBC covering the following components prepared:
o Building Envelope (Walls, Roofs, Windows)
o Lighting (Indoor and Outdoor)
o Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) System
o Solar Hot Water Heating
o Electrical Systems
Voluntary introduction of ECBC in May 2007; mandatory after capacity building and
implementation experience
Impact of ECBC - Reduced Energy Use for buildings
o National Benchmark ~ 180 kWh/m2/ year
o ECBC Compliant building ~ 110 kWh/m2/ year. (Kumar, 2010)

iii) Ministry of Environment and Forests Environmental Impact Assessment and clearance

2. AIM
This PhD research aims at finding the ideal Energy efficient building envelope design for
optimal thermal comfort and daylight performance in commercial buildings in Commercial
building at Lucknow.

3. OBJECTIVES

Understand the role of building envelope in terms of thermal performance of the building
Understand the critical between daylight and thermal gain through building envelope

Understand and analyses the climatic data and indoor comfort (thermal and visual) indoor

conditions of commercial building at Lucknow

Identification of significant envelope design parameters related to commercial spaces
Understand the impact of identified parameters on building energy consumption for cooling

and lighting
Understand the process of defining a base case and parametric analysis in building

simulation
Analyse the base case by incorporating all the building envelope parameters identified

earlier, for finding the optimal solution for the energy efficient building envelope.
Arrive a simple energy efficient building envelope design for commercial buildings at
Lucknow.

4. SCOPE and LIMITATIONS

Computer Simulation
Hypothetical models
Limited envelope design parameters
Errors in simulation results, lack of calibrated models.
Assumptions for input of schedules
Building materials and services taken as constant.

5. REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK

5.1 Review of Previous Work : International
Energy Efficiency Towards Building Envelope An Analysis Study Between Main Library of
University Malaya Building and Library of UiTM Perak Building.
Anas Zafirol A.H and Al-Hafzan A.H, Member, MISM, International Journal of Environmental
Science and Development, Vol. 1, No. 2, June 2010, ISSN:2010-0264. (Zafirol & Al-Hafzan,
2010)
This research was conducted for the building envelope at Library of UiTM Perak and
Main Library of UM. The objective of this paper is to compare the capacity of two educational
buildings and how far it fulfills the requirements in the guideline. It will focus on energy
conservation that provides a comfortable environment for its occupants.

a) DESIGN CRITERIA:
The value of Overall Thermal Transfer Value or OTTV of UiTM
Perak Library Building is 60.19 W / m and this is higher than
the value set by the guideline in MS 1525:2007. For the Main
Library Building of University Malaya, the OTTV value is 33.07
W / m and this value is lower than the value set by the
guideline.
Thus, this finding reveals that the usage of energy in
Universiti Malaya Main Library Building from the aspect of
building envelope is more efficient than UiTM Perak Library
Building as the value is less than 50 W / m.
b) CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND U-VALUE:
A good wall is a wall that can prevent the entry of
excess heat into the building. Materials that are used to build
the wall also influence the heat entry rate into a building.
c) ORIENTATION
UM Main Library building has applied the right orientation
where a long facade is directed towards north and south while
the short facade is directed towards east and west. Looking at
UiTM Perak Library building, it has vast surface that is facing
the west side compare to the north and south side
d) SHADING DESIGN ASPECT
There is no shading tool at the window of UiTM Perak
Library building. UM Main Library Building also has a shading
tool called Hung Louvers at the west side of the building
e) LANDSCAPE USAGE
Unorganized arrangement and the usage of tree is not
protecting the wall building where the effectiveness of the
plants to be the natural shading is limited to the maturity
height. At UM Main Library Building, the landscape usage has
been adapted effectively at every part whether the north,

south, east and west

f) LEARNING FROM THE STUDY

From the analysis, there are few factors that influence efficient energy usage in both buildings,
among the factors that have been discussed earlier are:
1) Orientation
2) Construction Materials and U Value
3) Building Design from the Aspect of Shading
4) Surrounding Landscape
something has to be done to make sure all future buildings meet the criteria that have been set
by the guideline by emphasizing the aspects of design, construction materials, U-Value, building
orientation and others that strongly influence the rate of heat absorption into any building.

NAME OF THE
AUTHOR

Norhati Ibrahim
and Azni ZainAhmed

DETAILS OF THE RESEARCH

Energy Saving due to Daylighting: A

Simplified Prediction Tool for Wall
Envelope Design of Air-conditioned
Office Buildings in Malaysia
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
JOURNAL , Faculty of Architecture,
Planning and Surveying, Volume 3 No. 1,
January 2006

BUILDING ENERGY CONSUMPTION

AND ITS REGULATIONS IN CHINA,
the Department of Architecture and
Built Environment, Energy and
Sustainability Division, The University
of Nottingham;
Visiting research associate at the
China Policy Institute
October 2010
Izael Da Silva1; ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDING
Edward Baleke ENVELOPE DESIGNS FOR
Ssekulima2
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS IN
EAST AFRICA,
1Strathmore University, Centre for
Research in Renewable Energy and
Sustainable
Development, Nairobi-Kenya
2 Makerere University, Faculty of
Technology, Kampala-Uganda. May
2011
5.2 Review of Previous Work: National

METHODOLOGY
SIMULATION
BASED
IES <VE>
programme
(Integrated
environmental
solutions<Virtual
Environment>)

Ksenia
Chmutina, PhD
candidate

LEARNING
SURVEY/SIT
E BASED

A field study

ECOTECT

Questionnaire
on indoor
thermal
comfort and
field study

The paper p
a simple ene
used at early
It predicts en
building that
conditioning
and system
in this paper
This paper d
sector as an
consumer in
policy tools a
reduction in

Basic energy
used to redu
below;
Siting and
eliminating
using pass
Making use
Extensive u
Integration
managemen

Centre for Advanced Research in Building Science and Energy at CEPT (Centre for
Environmental Planning and Technology) University.
Research is broadly classified under the following three
topics:
1. Development of an adaptive thermal comfort
standard for India.
2. Calibrated building energy Simulation
3. Building material characterization and construction

10

assemblies
The study is supported by Ministry of New and Renewable
Energy, Govt. of India, Glazing society of India and Shakti
Sustainable Energy Foundation, New Delhi.
OBJECTIVES: Establish simulation training, envelope performance lab, fenestration testing,
certification and labeling program. Assist state government to adopt ECBC
USAID ECOIII Assistance: funding and technical

RELATED STUDY: Study of thermal sensation of occupants in office buildings located in

hot and dry climatic zone, Ahmadabad India by Chinta Shree Sowmya, Masters in Interior
Architecture and Design, CEPT University. (Sowmya , 2012)
OBJECTIVES:

To analyse the sustainability of thermal comfort standards set by ASHRAE 55 for office
buildings with respect to Hot and Dry climatic zone of India

To understand the relationship between thermal comfort and building envelope design in
case of office buildings.

LEARNING FROM THE STUDY:

ASHRAE Standards 55 for air conditioned buildings do not seem to be suitable for hot nad
dry climate, Ahmadabad in winter.

In term of building envelope design it can be said that the naturally ventilated buildings if
better designed in terms of heat gains, placement of windows, etc. PPD can be decrease
considerably .

11

DETAILS OF THE RESEARCH

AUTHER(S)
TITLE

Daniel
TuhusDubrow,
Moncef
Krarti

Genetic algorithm
based approach to
optimize building
envelope design for
residential buildings

Sanyonita
Manu

Optimizing WINDOWS
for Thermal and
Daylighting
Performance: A Case
of Commercial
Buildings In
Ahmedabad, India

Krutika
Ghawgha
we

Determining
Tradeoff between
thermal comfort and
cooling
consumption in
office building. A
study for Indian
climatic zones.

ABSTRACT

METHODOLOGY

PUBLISHE
R

YEA
R

Building
and
environm
ent 45
(pp 15741881)

201
0

Asian J.
Energy
Environ.
Vol.2
issue 2
,pp. 125143
Thesis.
Masters in
Interior
Architectu
re, faculty
of Design,
CEPT
University

200
1

Nov
201
0

Design Builder
and
Energyplus

Thesis.
Masters in
Interior
Architectu
re, faculty
of Design,
CEPT
University.

Nov
2012

Design Builder
and
Energyplus

SIMULATION
BASED

A simulation
optimization is
developed and
applied to optimize
shape and building
envelope features.

DOE-2 and
Energy Plus

6. IDENTIFICATION OF RESEARCH GAP AND PROBLEM

From The above studies, it is evident that lot of work is done and is in progress in the field
of energy efficient building envelope design. Established standards and code are also available in
many countries, including India. The need of today is the research and awareness at the local
level. One standard cant be suitable for all the climatic zones of India and also for various building
types.

12

SURVEY/S
E BASED

On site
data
analysis

This research will set the standards for energy efficient building envelope design for
commercial buildings at Lucknow.
7. EXPECTED IMPACT ON ACADEMICS/ INDUSTRY
This research will reexamine the nature of building envelopes and how they could be used
to influence indoor climate control, individual comfort, and energy use. This work will provide
optimal energy performance goals for building designers of low energy buildings. Using the
resulting data for optimized energy and comfort (thermal and visual) performance for building
designs in a given climate, it will be possible for buildings to be evaluated against theoretical
optimum performance criteria.
The resulting data will provide quantitative information on building performance and help
guide future design decisions, and the retrofitting of existing buildings.
The benefits of building energy efficient envelope include:

i) Reduced Resource Consumption

Improving building energy efficiency as a new energy supply significantly reduces demand
for new oil supplies and new power plant investment.

ii) Minimized Life-cycle Costs

Improving building energy efficiency reduces the amount of energy required to operate a
building, and reduces costs for building occupants.

iii) Reduced Environmental Impact

Buildings contribute to the discharge of four primary pollutants--- mono-nitrogen oxides
(NOX), sulfur oxide (SOX), CO2, and particulates. Improving building energy efficiency reduces
the need for fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions.

iv) Healthier Indoor Environment

Efficient buildings also mean a healthier indoor environment for the people who live and
work in them by, for example, using pleasing architectural designs to brighten up work areas using
sunlight rather than electricity, without causing excess glare. Comfortable temperatures and a
quiet work environment are also features of high-performance buildings.

13

v) Increased Employee Productivity

Improved comfort of building occupants contributes to increased employee productivity.
Recent studies have shown an increase in employee productivity when buildings have features
such as natural light, better control of temperature, and more intelligent use of space

8. METHODOLOGY
This research will utilize an optimization algorithm coupled with a building energy
simulation (BES) program to find hourly configurations for a building's thermal envelope for the
purpose of minimizing energy consumption subject to indoor comfort constraints.

A) DATA COLLECTION
Two sets of input data will be referenced
i) Fixed Data (site data, weather file, building form/properties, indoor conditions/occupant
schedules)
ii) Dynamic Data (envelope properties and mechanical system).

The simulation algorithm proceeds to evaluate whether an improvement to energy use and indoor
comfort has been made.

B) ANALYSIS
A building's ability to manage transmission of thermal energy through the envelope can be
characterized by four design parameters: void, transmissivity, insulation, and form.

Parameters

Building Envelope design

Analysis

Surface Form

Shape and orientation

Form

Shading devices

Shade Depth

Buffer zone between interior and outside

climate
recycled and/or recyclable materials

14

Horizontal
Vertical
Illumination

Daylight factor

Insulation

High capacitance/ Insulating materials

Thermal Transmittance

Roof

Wall

Walls

Roof

Windows, doors and skylights

Thermal mass

Time Lag (hr)

Surface absorbance
Wall
Roof
Glass to wall area ratio

Transmissivity

window design and glazing

Glass SHGC
Glass Emissivity

Void

Develop construction details to minimize air

infiltration and exfilteration

15

Air Changes per hour

8.1 Research Methodology

INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND

LITERATURE

ANALYSIS

OBSERVATIONS

CLIMATIC STUDY SIMULATION METHOD FOR ANALYSIS

RESULTS OF ANALYSIS

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BUILDING

CONCLUSION

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

THERMAL COMFORT
SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK
INPUT PARAMETERS
METHODOLOGY

8.2 Simulation Methodology

By varying these variables in response to environmental stimuli (temperature, humidity, solar

radiation, air movement and illumination) and a buildings internal operating conditions, a unique building

16

envelope configuration will result affecting changes in the thermal and visual conditions of indoor space to
best meet the needs for energy efficiency and comfort.

9. MAJOR INPUTS (INFRASTRUCTURE) REQUIRED

The infrastructure required for the successful completion of the proposed research work shall be:
1. Climatology lab: Well equipped climatology lab with instruments to measure air velocity, temperature ,
relative humidity and illumination.
2. Computer lab with Building energy simulation (BES) tool: This research will utilize an optimization
algorithm coupled with a building energy simulation (BES) program to find hourly configurations for a
building's thermal envelope for the purpose of minimizing energy consumption subject to indoor comfort
(thermal and visual) constraints.
The BES tool that can be used for the purpose can be Autodesk Ecotect Analysis sustainable
design analysis software
This software can perform following functions:

Whole-building energy analysisCalculate total energy use and carbon emissions of your building
model on an annual, monthly, daily, and hourly basis, using a global database of weather
information.

Thermal performanceCalculate heating and cooling loads for models and analyze effects of
occupancy, internal gains, infiltration, and equipment.

Water usage and cost evaluationEstimate water use inside and outside the building.

Solar radiationVisualize incident solar radiation on windows and surfaces, over any period.

DaylightingCalculate daylight factors and illuminance levels at any point in the model.

Shadows and reflectionsDisplay the suns position and path relative to the model at any date,
time, and location.

3. Library: For the literature review and review of related work.

17

18

10. CHAPTER OUTLINE

Chapter 1
Discusses about the background, aim, objectives and the structure of the thesis following the
methodical approach used in the research
Chapter 2
Study and analyse the Climatic conditions of the
Chapter 3
Concerns performance of Commercial buildings in India and Lucknow. Study of Energy Usage
pattern, Space heating and cooling demand, energy systems in building, heating/ cooling load
Illumination required and energy used in lighting
Chapter 4
Determining the Qualitative objectives and challenges for Commercial buildings in Lucknow.
Thermal comfort Sustainable value: indoor air quality, Temperature stability and Illumination level.
Chapter 5
Evaluation of decision variables for energy effiecient bilding envolepefor Commercial Building in
the Lucknow. Study of Suitable form and surface form for commercial building, insulation of the
building, Windows, Air tightness, Heating/cooling and ventilation systems
Chapter 6
Adaptation and analysis of optimising energy requirements for the use of a commercial building in
the Lucknow. Design, analyse and modify the facade of existing as well as new commercial
buildings in Lucknow to optimise energy use.
Chapter 7
Formulation of guidelines for Energy efficient faade for commercial buildings in composite
Climate at Lucknow
Chapter 8
Summarizes the conclusions of the thesis and suggestions for the future work.

19

11. SCHEDULE OF ACTIVITIES (GANNT CHART)

12. REFERENCES
Books:

Krishnan, A., Baker, K., Yanas, S., Szokolay, S.V. (2001), Climate
Responsive Architecture, Tata MacGraw-Hill Publishing Company
Limited, New Delhi
Majumdar, M.( 2002), Energy efficient Buildings in India, Tata Energy
Research Institute and Ministry of Non conventional energy sources,
New Delhi
Koenigsberger, O.H. , Ingersoll, T. G., Mayhew, A., Szokolay, S.V.
(1973), Manual Of Tropical Housing & Building: Climatic Design,
Orient Longman Pvt. Limited, Chennai.
Watson, D. & Labs, K.(1983), Climate Design: Energy efficient
buildings Principles and practices, MacGraw-Hill book company,
Tokyo
Hertog, T. (1996), Solar Energy In Architecture and Urban Planning,
Prestel, Munich, New York, pp. 102-126
20

Journals:

Reports:

Verizoglu, T.N. (1976), Solar cooling and Heating, Hemisphere

Publishing Corporation, London, pp. 317-669
Zafirol, A. & Al-Hafzan, A.H. (2010), Energy Efficiency Towards
Building Envelope An Analysis Study Between Main Library of
University Malaya Building and Library of UiTM Perak Building,
International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol.
1, No. 2, June 2010,. ISSN:2010-0264 , pp 208-213. Accessed from
<www.arpapress.com/Volumes/Vol11Issue2/IJRRAS_11_2_07.pdf>
Ibrahim, N., Ahmed, A.Z.,(2006), Energy Saving due to Daylighting:
A Simplified Prediction Tool for Wall Envelope Design of Airconditioned Office Buildings in Malaysia, BUILT ENVIRONMENT
JOURNAL: Faculty of Architecture, Planning and Surveying, Volume 3,
No. 1, January 2006, pp 63-75. Accessed from
<http://eprints.uitm.edu.my/6499/1/BEJ%203%20(1),%206375,%202006.pdf>
Kumar , S. (2012), Benchmarking Energy Use in Buildings and
Cleanrooms, Energy Efficiency Ambassador Schneider Electric India
Pvt. Ltd. (Formerly, Chief of Party, USAID ECO-III Project) ISA Vision
Summit, Bangalore. Viewed Jan 2013
<http://iesaonline.org/presentations/vs2011/Dr.%20Satish
%20Kumar_Schneider.pdf>
Mathur, A. (2007), Energy Efficiency in Buildings in India, 2nd
Meeting of the Indo-German Energy Forum, Director General, Bureau
of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power, Government of India. Viewed
Nov, 2012
<http://www.powermin.nic.in/whats_new/pdf/BEE_Energy_Efficiency_i
n_Buildings_in_India.pdf.>
Energy Information Administration, (EIA), U.S.(2011), Department of
Energy U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Viewed
March2013
<http://www.eia.gov/analysis/studies/worldshalegas/pdf/fullreport.pd
f>
Kumar, S. (2010), Improving building sector energy efficiency in
India: strategies and initiatives, USAID ECO-III Project International
Resources Group, The world bank, Washington DC. Viewed April,2013
<http://eco3.org/news.html>
Da Silva, . I.P., (2011), Energy Efficient Building Envelope Designs
For Institutional Buildings In East Africa, Director of CREECCentre
for Research in Energy and Energy Conservation in Uganda and
Senior Lecturer, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of
Engineering, Design, Art and Technology Makerere University,
Kampala. Viewed Dec 2012
<http://ir.library.strathmore.edu/institutionalPublicationPublicView.ht
ml>
Cheng, V. (2010), Delivering Low Carbon Buildings, Arup Building
Sustainability Green Buildings: Better Quality of Life. Viewed Sept
2012
<http://www.civil.hku.hk/green_buildings/PDF/presentations/08_Chen
21

g-ppt.pdf>
BEE, (2010) , India: The Way Towards Energy and resource efficient
buildings, BEE policy , India
<http://www.asiabusinesscouncil.org/docs/BEE/papers/BEE_Policy_In
dia.pdf>
Reap, S. & Chakarvarti, K.K. (2010), Experience of India on Policies
and Schemes for Energy, Conservation and Efficiency, Third Meeting
of Southeast Asia Network of Climate Change Focal Points, Bureau Of
Energy Efficiency, New Delhi, India. Viewed Aug 2012
<http://www.unep.org/climatechange/mitigation>
Thesis:

Conference
Paper:

Websites:

Sowmya . C.S. (2012). Study of thermal sensation of occupants in

office buildings located in hot and dry climatic zone, Ahmadabad
India, Masters in Interior Architecture and Design, CEPT University.
Viewed Feb 2013 <http://carbse.org/research/>
Haase, M. & Amato A. (2006),Sustainable Faade Design for Zero
Energy Buildings in the Tropics , The 23rd Conference on Passive
and Low Energy Architecture, Geneva, Switzerland, 6-8 September
2006, Switzerland, Viewed April, 2013
<http://www.unige.ch/cuepe/html/plea2006/Vol1/PLEA2006_PAPER50
9.pdf.>

http://www.beeindia.nic.in
http://www.epa.gov/eeBuildings/india/index.htm
http://www.teri.res.in/core/griha/

Kumar , S. (2012), Benchmarking Energy Use in Buildings and Cleanrooms, Energy Efficiency
Ambassador Schneider Electric India Pvt. Ltd. (Formerly, Chief of Party, USAID ECO-III Project)
ISA Vision Summit, Bangalore. Viewed Jan 2013 <http://iesaonline.org/presentations/vs2011/Dr.
%20Satish%20Kumar_Schneider.pdf>
Mathur, A. (2007), Energy Efficiency in Buildings in India, 2nd Meeting of the Indo-German Energy
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