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ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.02 Identify sources of the most commonly used antimicrobial drugs.
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.08 Distinguish between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials, and explain the significance of the
distinction.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.02 Identify sources of the most commonly used antimicrobial drugs.
Learning Outcome: 12.14 Identify the cellular target of quinolones, and provide two examples of these drugs.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.01 State the main goal of antimicrobial treatment.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
5. An ideal antimicrobial therapeutic drug exhibits all of the following characteristics except
A. nontoxic to host.
B. easily broken down by host.
C. easily administered.
D. limited capacity to elicit resistance.
E. nonallergenic.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.01 State the main goal of antimicrobial treatment.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.01 State the main goal of antimicrobial treatment.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
7. The use of any chemical in the treatment, relief, or prophylaxis of a disease is called
A. prophylaxis.
B. chemotherapy.
C. selective toxicity.
D. nephrotoxicity.
E. synergism.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.01 State the main goal of antimicrobial treatment.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.09 Trace the development of penicillin antimicrobials, and identify which microbes they are effective against.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.03 Summarize two methods for testing antimicrobial susceptibility.
Section Number: 12.02
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.09 Trace the development of penicillin antimicrobials, and identify which microbes they are effective against.
Learning Outcome: 12.11 List examples of other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Learning Outcome: 12.12 Describe common cell wall antibiotics that are not in the beta-lactum class of drugs.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
11. Aminoglycosides
A. interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan.
B. are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis.
C. attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis.
D. damage cell membranes.
E. block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
14. Drugs that insert on the _____ ribosomal subunit prevent peptide bond formation or
inhibit translocation of the subunit during translation.
A. 30S
B. 40S
C. 50S
D. 60S
E. 70S
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
15. Which of the following microbials does not inhibit DNA synthesis?
A. chloroquine
B. quinolone
C. penicillin
D. azidothymidine
E. acyclovir
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.10 Describe the action of beta-lactamases, and explain their importance in drug resistance.
Learning Outcome: 12.14 Identify the cellular target of quinolones, and provide two examples of these drugs.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
16. Sulfonamides
A. interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan.
B. are metabolic analogs of PABA and block folic acid synthesis.
C. attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis.
D. damage cell membranes.
E. block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.06 Describe the five major targets of antimicrobial agents, and list major drugs associated with each.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.06 Describe the five major targets of antimicrobial agents, and list major drugs associated with each.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
18. Sulfonamides are analogs of PABA and, as a result, they inhibit _____ synthesis.
A. protein
B. DNA
C. RNA
D. folic acid
E. phospholipid
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.06 Describe the five major targets of antimicrobial agents, and list major drugs associated with each.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
19. Drugs that act by mimicking the normal substrate of an enzyme, thereby blocking its
active site, are called
A. inhibitors.
B. blockers.
C. competitive inhibitors.
D. noncompetitive inhibitors
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.06 Describe the five major targets of antimicrobial agents, and list major drugs associated with each.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.09 Trace the development of penicillin antimicrobials, and identify which microbes they are effective against.
Learning Outcome: 12.11 List examples of other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.10 Describe the action of beta-lactamases, and explain their importance in drug resistance.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
22. What type of chemical will allow some bacteria to be resistant to many penicillins?
A. synercid
B. penicillinase
C. aztreonam
D. clavulanic acid
E. imipenem
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.10 Describe the action of beta-lactamases, and explain their importance in drug resistance.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.06 Describe the five major targets of antimicrobial agents, and list major drugs associated with each.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.06 Describe the five major targets of antimicrobial agents, and list major drugs associated with each.
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.06 Describe the five major targets of antimicrobial agents, and list major drugs associated with each.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
26. What drug is used in cases of penicillin and methicillin resistance and also used to treat
endocarditis?
A. penicillin G
B. vancomycin
C. tetracycline
D. erythromycin
E. isoniazid
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.11 List examples of other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Learning Outcome: 12.14 Identify the cellular target of quinolones, and provide two examples of these drugs.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.10 Describe the action of beta-lactamases, and explain their importance in drug resistance.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
28. All _____ consist of a thiazolidine ring, a beta-lactam ring, and an R group.
A. penicillins
B. tetracyclines
C. macrolides
D. cephalosporins
E. aminoglycosides
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.11 List examples of other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.11 List examples of other beta-lactam antibiotics.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Antibacterials
30. What antibiotic is mixed with neomycin and polymyxin to make an antibiotic ointment
(Neosporin) for superficial skin infections?
A. vancomycin
B. bacitracin
C. chloramphenicol
D. streptomycin
E. clindamycin
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.12 Describe common cell wall antibiotics that are not in the beta-lactum class of drugs.
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.07 Identify which categories of drugs are most selectively toxic, and explain why they exhibit this effect.
Learning Outcome: 12.08 Distinguish between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials, and explain the significance of the
distinction.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
35. The drug that is used to treat typhoid fever and brain abscesses, but can cause aplastic
anemia, is:
A. chloramphenicol.
B. clindamycin.
C. ciprofloxacin.
D. bacitracin.
E. gentamicin.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Learning Outcome: 12.23 Distinguish between drug toxicity and allergic reactions to drugs.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
37. Which of the following antibacterial drug groups does not target protein synthesis?
A. oxazolidinones
B. macrolides
C. aminoglycosides
D. sulfonamides
E. tetracyclines
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.04 Define therapeutic index, and identify whether a high or a low index is preferable in a drug.
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 04.02 Although the central dogma is universal in all cells, the processes of replication, transcription, and translation differ
in Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryotes.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.13 Identify the ribosomal targets of several antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Drug Resistance
39. Which group are the key drugs used to treat Hansen's disease (leprosy)?
A. sulfonamides
B. sulfones
C. fluoroquinolones
D. polymyxins
E. streptomyces
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 12.06 Describe the five major targets of antimicrobial agents, and list major drugs associated with each.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.14 Identify the cellular target of quinolones, and provide two examples of these drugs.
Learning Outcome: 12.17 Name the four main categories of antifungal agents, and provide one example of each.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.15 Name two drugs that target the cellular membrane.
Learning Outcome: 12.18 List four antiprotozoal drugs and three antihelminthic drugs used today.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
42. The antifungal drug that can be used to treat serious systemic fungal infections is
A. nystatin.
B. griseofulvin.
C. amphotericin B.
D. sulfa drugs.
E. metronidazole.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.18 List four antiprotozoal drugs and three antihelminthic drugs used today.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antimicrobials for Eukaryotic Infections
43. Ketoconazole, fluconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole are broad-spectrum azoles used
to treat _____ infections.
A. bacterial
B. fungal
C. protozoan
D. helminthic
E. viral
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.18 List four antiprotozoal drugs and three antihelminthic drugs used today.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antimicrobials for Eukaryotic Infections
44. Which of the following is not a drug group used to treat fungal infections?
A. quinolones
B. macrolide polyene antibiotics
C. griseofulvin
D. synthetic azoles
E. flucytosine
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.14 Identify the cellular target of quinolones, and provide two examples of these drugs.
Learning Outcome: 12.17 Name the four main categories of antifungal agents, and provide one example of each.
Learning Outcome: 12.18 List four antiprotozoal drugs and three antihelminthic drugs used today.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antimicrobials for Eukaryotic Infections
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.18 List four antiprotozoal drugs and three antihelminthic drugs used today.
Learning Outcome: 12.21 List five cellular or structural mechanisms that microbes use to resist antimicrobials.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antimicrobials for Eukaryotic Infections
46. Mebendazole, thiabendazole, and ivermectin are drugs used to treat _____ infections.
A. bacterial
B. fungal
C. protozoan
D. helminthic
E. viral
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.18 List four antiprotozoal drugs and three antihelminthic drugs used today.
Learning Outcome: 12.21 List five cellular or structural mechanisms that microbes use to resist antimicrobials.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antimicrobials for Eukaryotic Infections
47. There are fewer antifungal, antiprotozoan, and antihelminthic drugs compared to
antibacterial drugs because fungi, protozoa, and helminths
A. do not cause many human infections.
B. are not affected by antimicrobials.
C. are so similar to human cells that drug selective toxicity is difficult to achieve.
D. are parasites found inside human cells.
E. fewer target sites in their cells compared to bacteria.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.18 List four antiprotozoal drugs and three antihelminthic drugs used today.
Learning Outcome: 12.21 List five cellular or structural mechanisms that microbes use to resist antimicrobials.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antimicrobials for Eukaryotic Infections
48. Primaquine and chloroquine are drugs used in the treatment of ___ infections.
A. gram-positive bacterial
B. gram-negative bacterial
C. fungal
D. protozoan
E. viral
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.18 List four antiprotozoal drugs and three antihelminthic drugs used today.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antimicrobials for Eukaryotic Infections
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.18 List four antiprotozoal drugs and three antihelminthic drugs used today.
Learning Outcome: 12.21 List five cellular or structural mechanisms that microbes use to resist antimicrobials.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antimicrobials for Eukaryotic Infections
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.19 Describe two major modes of action of antiviral drugs.
Learning Outcome: 12.22 Discuss at least three novel antimicrobial strategies that are under investigation.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antivirals
51. An antiviral that is a guanine analog would have an antiviral mode of action that
A. blocks penetration.
B. blocks transcription and translation.
C. inhibits DNA synthesis.
D. blocks maturation.
E. bonds to ergosterol in the cell membrane.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.19 Describe two major modes of action of antiviral drugs.
Learning Outcome: 12.22 Discuss at least three novel antimicrobial strategies that are under investigation.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antivirals
52. Antiviral drugs that target reverse transcriptase would be used to treat infections caused
by:
A. influenza A virus.
B. HIV.
C. herpes zoster virus.
D. respiratory syncytial virus.
E. hepatitis C virus.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.19 Describe two major modes of action of antiviral drugs.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antivirals
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.19 Describe two major modes of action of antiviral drugs.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antivirals
54. Which of the following blocks HIV binding to host cell receptors?
A. AZT
B. acyclovir
C. nevirapine
D. Fuzeon
E. amantidine
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.19 Describe two major modes of action of antiviral drugs.
Learning Outcome: 12.22 Discuss at least three novel antimicrobial strategies that are under investigation.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antivirals
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.19 Describe two major modes of action of antiviral drugs.
Learning Outcome: 12.22 Discuss at least three novel antimicrobial strategies that are under investigation.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antivirals
ASM Objective: 01.02 Mutations and horizontal gene transfer, with the immense variety of microenvironments, have selected for a huge
diversity of microorganisms.
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.20 Discuss two possible ways that microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Drug Resistance
57. The multidrug resistant pumps in many bacterial cell membranes function by
A. bacterial chromosomal mutations.
B. synthesis of enzymes that alter drug structure.
C. removing the drug from the cell when it enters.
ASM Objective: 02.02 Bacteria have unique cell structures that can be targets for antibiotics, immunity, and phage infection.
ASM Topic: Module 02 Structure and Function
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.21 List five cellular or structural mechanisms that microbes use to resist antimicrobials.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Drug Resistance
ASM Objective: 01.02 Mutations and horizontal gene transfer, with the immense variety of microenvironments, have selected for a huge
diversity of microorganisms.
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.20 Discuss two possible ways that microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Drug Resistance
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 5. Evaluate
Learning Outcome: 12.20 Discuss two possible ways that microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance.
Learning Outcome: 12.24 Define the term superinfection, and summarize how it develops in a patient.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Drug Resistance
60. Each of the following is a mechanism for drug resistance transfer between
microorganisms except
A. transposons.
B. R-plasmids.
C. conjugation.
D. mutation.
ASM Objective: 01.02 Mutations and horizontal gene transfer, with the immense variety of microenvironments, have selected for a huge
diversity of microorganisms.
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.20 Discuss two possible ways that microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance.
Learning Outcome: 12.23 Distinguish between drug toxicity and allergic reactions to drugs.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Drug Resistance
ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.21 List five cellular or structural mechanisms that microbes use to resist antimicrobials.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Drug Resistance
62. Nutrients that encourage the growth of beneficial microbes in the intestines are known as
A. prebiotics.
B. probiotics.
C. lantibiotics.
D. phytobiotics.
E. riboswitches.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.22 Discuss at least three novel antimicrobial strategies that are under investigation.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
63. The use of vaginal inserts of Lactobacillus to restore a healthy acidic environment is an
example of
A. prebiotics.
B. probiotics.
C. lantibiotics.
D. phytobiotics.
E. riboswitches.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Objective: 06.03 Humans utilize and harness microorganisms and their products.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
ASM Topic: Module 06 Impact of Microorganisms
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.22 Discuss at least three novel antimicrobial strategies that are under investigation.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
64. Broad-spectrum drugs that disrupt the body's normal biota often cause
A. nephrotoxicity.
B. superinfections.
C. allergic reactions.
D. drug toxicity.
ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.24 Define the term superinfection, and summarize how it develops in a patient.
Section Number: 12.05
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
65. The drug used against intestinal anaerobic bacteria, that can also alter normal biota
leading to antibiotic-associated colitis, is
A. chloramphenicol.
B. clindamycin.
C. ciprofloxacin.
D. bacitracin.
E. gentamicin.
ASM Objective: 05.01 Microorganisms are ubiquitous and live in diverse and dynamic ecosystems.
ASM Objective: 05.02 Most bacteria in nature live in biofilm communities.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.24 Define the term superinfection, and summarize how it develops in a patient.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
66. Side effects that occur in patient tissues while they are on antimicrobial drugs include all
of the following except
A. development of resistance to the drug.
B. hepatotoxicity.
C. nephrotoxicity.
D. diarrhea.
E. deafness.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.23 Distinguish between drug toxicity and allergic reactions to drugs.
Section Number: 12.05
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.24 Define the term superinfection, and summarize how it develops in a patient.
Section Number: 12.05
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
68. The _____ are drugs that deposit in developing teeth and cause a permanent brown
discoloration.
A. streptomycins
B. cephalosporins
C. macrolides
D. tetracyclines
E. penicillins
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.08 Distinguish between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials, and explain the significance of the
distinction.
Learning Outcome: 12.23 Distinguish between drug toxicity and allergic reactions to drugs.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.03 Summarize two methods for testing antimicrobial susceptibility.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
70. A clinical microbiologist makes serial dilutions of several antimicrobials in broth, and then
incubates each drug dilution series with a standard amount of a patient's isolated pathogen.
What is this microbiologist setting up?
A. Kirby-Bauer technique
B. antibiogram
C. E-test
D. minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test
E. therapeutic index (TI)
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Objective: 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 12.03 Summarize two methods for testing antimicrobial susceptibility.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
71. A ratio of the dose of the drug that is toxic to humans versus the minimum effective dose
for that pathogen is assessed to predict the potential for toxic drug reactions. This is called
the
A. Kirby-Bauer technique.
B. antibiogram.
C. E-test.
D. minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
E. therapeutic index (TI).
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.03 Summarize two methods for testing antimicrobial susceptibility.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Objective: 08.07 Document and report on experimental protocols, results and conclusions.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 12.03 Summarize two methods for testing antimicrobial susceptibility.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
73. A drug exhibiting which therapeutic index value would be the safest, most effective to use
on a patient?
A. 20
B. 10
C. 1
D. 0.1
E. Any choice would be equally effective.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 12.03 Summarize two methods for testing antimicrobial susceptibility.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.09 Trace the development of penicillin antimicrobials, and identify which microbes they are effective against.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.14 Identify the cellular target of quinolones, and provide two examples of these drugs.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.06 Describe the five major targets of antimicrobial agents, and list major drugs associated with each.
Section Number: 12.05
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.14 Identify the cellular target of quinolones, and provide two examples of these drugs.
Learning Outcome: 12.15 Name two drugs that target the cellular membrane.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.09 Trace the development of penicillin antimicrobials, and identify which microbes they are effective against.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.06 Describe the five major targets of antimicrobial agents, and list major drugs associated with each.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.14 Identify the cellular target of quinolones, and provide two examples of these drugs.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Antibacterials
81. Resistance genes can be transferred to other bacterial cells during transformation,
transduction, and conjugation.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 01.02 Mutations and horizontal gene transfer, with the immense variety of microenvironments, have selected for a huge
diversity of microorganisms.
ASM Topic: Module 01 Evolution
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.20 Discuss two possible ways that microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance.
Learning Outcome: 12.23 Distinguish between drug toxicity and allergic reactions to drugs.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Drug Resistance
82. Bacteria can have a natural resistance to a drug which they have never been exposed.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 01.02 Mutations and horizontal gene transfer, with the immense variety of microenvironments, have selected for a huge
diversity of microorganisms.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.20 Discuss two possible ways that microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance.
Learning Outcome: 12.23 Distinguish between drug toxicity and allergic reactions to drugs.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Drug Resistance
83. When a patient's immune system reacts adversely to a drug, this serious side effect is
called a superinfection.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.24 Define the term superinfection, and summarize how it develops in a patient.
Section Number: 12.05
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.07 Identify which categories of drugs are most selectively toxic, and explain why they exhibit this effect.
Learning Outcome: 12.23 Distinguish between drug toxicity and allergic reactions to drugs.
Section Number: 12.01
Section Number: 12.05
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
85. The MIC is the smallest concentration of an antimicrobial required to inhibit the growth of
the microbe.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Objective: 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.03 Summarize two methods for testing antimicrobial susceptibility.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
86. The Kirby-Bauer test uses an agar surface, seeded with the test bacterium, to which small
discs containing a specific concentration of several drugs are placed on the surface.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Objective: 08.05 Use appropriate microbiological and molecular lab equipment and methods.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 08 Microbiology Skills
Blooms Level: 1. Remember
Learning Outcome: 12.03 Summarize two methods for testing antimicrobial susceptibility.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
87. An antimicrobial with a low therapeutic index is a safer choice compared to a drug with a
high therapeutic index.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 12.04 Define therapeutic index, and identify whether a high or a low index is preferable in a drug.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.08 Distinguish between broad-spectrum and narrow-spectrum antimicrobials, and explain the significance of the
distinction.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
89. Newer, more expensive antimicrobials are always better to use than cheaper, older drugs.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 12.01 State the main goal of antimicrobial treatment.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
90. Indwelling catheter biofilm infections are more resistant to antibiotics than nonbiofilm
infections.
TRUE
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.16 Describe the unique methods used to treat biofilm infections.
Learning Outcome: 12.19 Describe two major modes of action of antiviral drugs.
Section Number: 12.05
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
91. The use of antibiotics in cattle feed leads to the development of antibiotic-resistant
bacteria.
TRUE
92. Drug toxicity occurs when an antimicrobial drug acts as antigen and stimulates an allergic
response.
FALSE
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 2. Understand
Learning Outcome: 12.23 Distinguish between drug toxicity and allergic reactions to drugs.
Section Number: 12.05
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 12.21 List five cellular or structural mechanisms that microbes use to resist antimicrobials.
Section Number: 12.03
Topic: Drug Resistance
94. You have given a dosage of an antibiotic to a patient for his infection, but the patient is not
getting any better. The MIC tests shows that the drug that you prescribed, at the dosage that
was given, should work against this particular strain of bacterium. What do you think might
be the problem?
A. The drug might be broken down in the patient's body before it can have its full effect on
the bacterium.
B. The patient is resistant to the drug.
C. The bacterium is immune to the chemical effects of the drug.
D. The drug was improperly made at the pharmaceutical company, so is no longer effective.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 12.01 State the main goal of antimicrobial treatment.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
95. Alexander Fleming had been running tests using Staphylococcus, and left some plates out
to incubate. Evidently, after returning to his lab after the weekend, he found that Penicillium
mold was growing on his agar plates containing the growth of Staphylococcus. Looking more
closely, he found a large, clear area around the mold colony where Staphylococcus colonies
did not grow. Given this situation, a valid hypothesis would be that:
A. The Staphylococcus was being inhibited by the Penicillium mold.
B. The Penicillium mold was being killed by the Staphylococcus.
C. The bacteriological medium being used in the plates was somehow inhibitory to the
Staphylococcus growth.
D. The room temperature incubation was inhibitory to the growth of Staphylococcus.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 12.09 Trace the development of penicillin antimicrobials, and identify which microbes they are effective against.
Section Number: 12.01
Topic: Antibacterials
96. Your patient has been on antibiotics for 6 weeks after a case of streptococcal
endocarditis, an infection of the inner heart wall. The infection clears up. However, the
patient just visited you about a urinary tract infection, and the lab verified that the culprit was
E. coli. What do you hypothesize happened in this situation?
A. The lab has made a mistake in identifying the cause, and, in fact, the UTI was caused by
the original Streptococcus.
B. The lab has made a mistake in identifying the cause, and, in fact, the endocarditis was
caused by the E. coli.
C. Her normal microbiota in the genitourinary tract were killed, allowing E. coli (not killed
by the antibiotics) to establish an infection.
D. The antibiotics damaged her immune system, making her very susceptible to
environmental bacteria.
ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 12.24 Define the term superinfection, and summarize how it develops in a patient.
Section Number: 12.05
Topic: Principles of Antimicrobial Therapy
97. In a conversation with your friends from microbiology class, you are talking about drug
resistance. The three of you disagree about the definition of the term so each of you state his
or her definition and give a justification. Compare the various definitions and justifications
below and pick the one that is most accurate.
A. The bacterium becomes immune to the drug: the drug no longer kills or inhibits the
bacterium.
B. The person becomes resistant to the drug: The body adjusts to the dosage of the chemical
and no longer responds to its action.
C. The drug is changed in the body and is inactivated physically and chemically so it no
longer works properly against the bacterium.
D. The bacterium has changed physically or chemically in some way to be able to destroy the
drug or avoid its action, allowing it to grow unimpeded by the drug.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Objective: 05.04 Microorganisms, cellular and viral, can interact with both human and nonhuman hosts in beneficial, neutral or
detrimental ways.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 4. Analyze
Learning Outcome: 12.20 Discuss two possible ways that microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Drug Resistance
98. Over 50 percent of all sales of medically important antibiotics in the United States are for
livestock use. Why is this problematic for humans?
A. The livestock will become resistant to the antibiotics and not respond to treatment when
they have infections.
B. Resistant bacteria grow in the animals and may then be passed to humans.
C. The use of antibiotics for livestock means that there are not enough for use in the human
population.
D. The animals may become sick from the antibiotic ingestion.
ASM Objective: 03.04 The growth of microorganisms can be controlled by physical, chemical, mechanical, or biological means.
ASM Objective: 05.03 Microorganisms and their environment interact with and modify each other.
ASM Topic: Module 03 Metabolic Pathways
ASM Topic: Module 05 Systems
Blooms Level: 3. Apply
Learning Outcome: 12.20 Discuss two possible ways that microbes acquire antimicrobial resistance.
Learning Outcome: 12.21 List five cellular or structural mechanisms that microbes use to resist antimicrobials.
Section Number: 12.04
Topic: Drug Resistance