Obesity Link To Brain Structure in Explosive Medical Study

20.07.
2016
Obesitylinktobrainstructureinexplosivemedicalstudy
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Researchers said the ndings could explain why overweight people make poor diet choices
CREDIT: DANIEL LEAL-
OLIVAS/PA
By Telegraph Reporters
13 JULY 2016 9:28AM
verweight people are less intelligent than people who are do not have weight
problems, a provocative study claims.
Overweight men and women have less grey and white matter in key areas of the brain,
it suggests. They also have greater impulsiveness and "altered reward processing", the
study said.
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/13/fatpeoplearelessintelligentthanthosewhoarenotoverweigh/
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The researchers said that their ndings could explain why overweight people make
poor diet choices - they do not have the mental capacity to control themselves.
The theory is likely to prove controversial as weight loss campaigners have emphasised
that the issuesbehind weight problems vary fromindividual to individual.
The research involved sophisticated brain images of 32 adults -16 men and 16 womenselectedfrom the US city of Baltimore, in Maryland.
Anyone who had a history of brain damage, substance abuse or mental illness was
excluded from the group.
IsBodyMassIndex(BMI)afairway
tomeasureifsomeoneisfat?
Yes
No
Outlining the object of the study, the authors said: "It has been suggested that body
composition itself might somehow affect the neural systems that underlie cognition,
motivation, self-control and salience processing, which would in turn affect one's ability
to make better lifestyle choices, forgoing immediate and/or highly salient rewards for
the sake of longer-term health and wellness goals."
The researchers measured Body Mass Index, a commonly-used measure of how
overweight a person is, and body fat percentages and compared them to differences in
brain structure and function.
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How to | Work out BMI

What is BMI?
BMI (body mass index) is a measure that adults can use to see if
they are a healthy weight for their size
What is a healthy BMI?
For most adults, an ideal BMI is in the 18.5-24.9 range
If your BMI is higher than 25, you weigh more than is ideal for
your height
25-29.9 is overweight
30-39.9 is obese
40 or more is very obese
To work out your BMI:
Divide your weight in kilograms (kg) by your height in metres
(m), then divide your answer by your height again to get your
BMI
For example, if you weigh 70kg and you are 1.75m tall, divide 70
by 1.75. The answer is 40. Then divide 40 by 1.75, which gives
22.9, which is your BMI
Source: NHS Choices
Lead researcher Chase Figley,an assistant professor in the department of radiology at

the University of Manitoba, said that the brain scans were "very thorough".
He said they covered changes across the whole brain, but also "specic networks".
In particular he was interested in the "salience network", which he described as the
"seat of motivation, willpower, and the ability to persevere through physical and
emotional challenges".
The results showed that there was "no signicant difference" in terms of white matter
between people who had a normal weight and people who were overweight.
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Prof Chase Figley

In a surprise twist, people with a higher BMI actually had slightly more grey matter
overall.
However, looking at specic networks on the brain a different picture began to
emerge.In particular, heavier and fatter people had less white matter in the salience
network.
There were also differences in the dorsal striatum, an area of the brain involved with
habitual behaviour.
Professor Figleytold the National Post, a Canadian newspaper: "It stands to reason that
these changes could further affect the ability of overweight individuals to exert selfcontrol and maintain healthy lifestyle choices."
He added that it was not clear if the brain differences predispose certain individuals to
becoming fat, or vice versa.
However, he said: "There are previous studies that imply elevated body fat can cause
these sorts of brain changes."
00:39
Two-thirds of men and 57 per of women in Britain are categorised as being overweight
or obese, the highest such rates in Europe.Some 26 per cent of boys and 29 per cent of
girls are overweight or obese, compared to 17.5 per cent and 21 per cent in 1980.
The study was reported in the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.

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Explainer | What kind of fat are you?
SKINNY FAT
Characterised by:
Poor diet and exercise regime
Healthy or low BMI
Lack of muscle tone
Poor metabolic health(high-blood lipids, high blood glucose,
visceral fat). Visceral fat is normally present when there is a
large build-up of fat around the abdominal area.
In more extreme cases, visceral fat can coat the internal organs,
leading to serious cardiovascular health problems and diabetes.
How to tackle it:
Identify problem areas by measuring body fat using callipers; a

DEXA scan can reveal the presence of visceral fat.
Building muscle is key: an exercise programme should stress
cardiovascular and muscle resistance.
Diet should then support the exercise demands: make sure you
are fuelled properly if youre exercising (carb intake should
match exercise demands).
BURNTOUT FAT
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20.07.2016
Characterised by:
Constant tiredness
Interrupted sleep patterns or difculty dropping off
Increased appetite and carbohydrate and sugar cravings
Tiredness can negatively affect metabolism by causing shifts in
hunger hormones.
How to tackle it:
Cutting down on alcohol will help to regulate your sleep
patterns.
Add protein to every meal this will help to control your bodys
insulin levels by slowing down your rate of digestion.
Introduce a sleep-inducing wind-down time to the end of the
day: banish distractions, sip a caffeine-free herbal tea. Have a
relaxing bath, read a book in bed.
Supplements that can help with sleep include magnesium,
Lactium, taurine and vitamin B.
Introducing regular cardio and weight-bearing exercises will
promote a healthier sleep pattern, as well as help you build
muscle.
STRESSED FAT
Characterised by:
Inability to lose weight, even when dieting; weight
accumulation around the tummy.
Stress fat is normally related to burnt-out fat, as they have a
knock-on effect to one another all hormones in the body work
together as part of the endocrine system.
How to tackle it:
Stop dieting: if you deprive yourself, your body will think its
being starved, which raises stress levels, contributing to fat
storage
Eat little and often to control blood sugar uctuations and
eliminate rened carbohydrates, sugar and alcohol.
Sip herbal tea instead of caffeine (a stimulant makes you more
stressed, causing more release of cortisol, thus more fat around
the middle).
Food also plays an important role in stress relief. Making
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20.07.2016
Food also plays
an important role in stress relief. Making
healthy food choices balanced protein, fresh fruit such as
raspberries, blueberries and cherries, and vegetables will aid a
sense of wellbeing. Avocado, asparagus and nuts are good
healthy, stress-relieving foods to include.
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Obesity Link To Brain Structure in Explosive Medical Study

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20.07.

CREDIT: DANIEL LEAL-

How to | Work out BMI

Lead researcher Chase Figley,an assistant professor in the department of radiology at

Prof Chase Figley

The study was reported in the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience.

Explainer | What kind of fat are you?

Identify problem areas by measuring body fat using callipers; a

Follow the latest Telegraph News

20 Jul 2016, 8:32am

20 Jul 2016, 4:09pm

20 Jul 2016, 4:51pm

20 Jul 2016, 8:19pm

20 Jul 2016, 8:37am

Allan Tannenbaum, John

Denis Piel, The Perfect

Lennon and Yoko Ono, NYC,

Escape, Rosemary McGrotha,

November 26, 1980

Low estimate: 3 000 GBP

Low estimate: 3 400 GBP

20 Jul 2016, 9:10pm

20 Jul 2016, 9:00pm

20 Jul 2016, 8:45pm

20 Jul 2016, 8:41pm

20 Jul 2016, 8:39pm

20 Jul 2016, 7:58pm

20 Jul 2016, 7:34pm

20 Jul 2016, 7:23pm

20 Jul 2016, 7:23pm

20 Jul 2016, 7:21pm

Migrants attempt to enter UK in lorry

20 Jul 2016, 7:07pm

20 Jul 2016, 7:01pm

20 Jul 2016, 6:57pm

20 Jul 2016, 6:54pm

20 Jul 2016, 6:49pm

20 Jul 2016, 6:42pm

20 Jul 2016, 6:42pm

20 Jul 2016, 6:29pm

20 Jul 2016, 6:26pm

20 Jul 2016, 6:19pm

20 Jul 2016, 6:17pm

Telegraph Media Group Limited 2016

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