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2.
3.
Mengesan
tekanan
yang
dikenakan
pada
kulit
Detects pressure exerted on
the skin
Reseptor tekanan
Pressure receptor
Mengesan haba
Detects heat
Reseptor sakit
Pain receptor
Reseptor panas
Heat receptor
Reseptor sentuhan
Touch receptor
4.
Fungsi
Function
Reseptor panas
Reseptor sejuk Reseptor sentuhan Reseptor sakit
Heat receptor
Cold receptor
Touch receptor
Pain receptor
Reseptor tekanan Reseptor sentuhan Reseptor sentuhan Reseptor sakit
Pressure receptor Touch receptor
Touch receptor
Pain receptor
Reseptor sakit
Pain receptor
Reseptor sejuk
Cold receptor
(ii) Antara berikut yang manakah tidak benar mengenai fungsi reseptor pada kulit?
Which of the following is incorrect about the function of the receptors in the
skin?
A
B
C
D
Reseptor tekanan
Pressure receptor
Reseptor sentuhan
Touch receptor
Reseptor panas
Heat receptor
Reseptor sejuk
Cold receptor
5. (a) Rajah berikut menunjukkan laluan impuls apabila kulit menerima rangsangan.
The following diagram shows the path of an impulse when the skin receives a
stimulus.
Ransangan X Saraf Y Saraf Efektor Z
Stimulus
Nerve
Nerve Effector
X
A
Reseptor / Receptor
B Gerak balas / Response
C
Reseptor / Receptor
D
Reseptor / Receptor
(b)
Y
Otak / Brain
Otak / Brain
Saraf / Nerve
Impuls / Impuls
Z
Gerak balas / Response
Reseptor / Receptor
Gerak balas / Response
Gerak balas / Response
(c)
Simbol tulisan Braille digunakan oleh orang buta untuk membantu mereka membaca.
Reseptor
apakah
yang
digunakan
untuk
tujuan
ini?
Braille symbols are used by blind people to help them in reading. What is the
receptor used in this purpose?
A Reseptor sentuhan
Touch receptor
B Reseptor tekanan
Pressure receptor
C Reseptor panas
Heat receptor
D Receptor sakit
Pain receptor
6. (a) Padankan nombor berikut dengan struktur pada telinga dan fungsinya.
Match the following numbers with the structure in the skin and its function.
Bahagian telinga
Part of the ear
Osikel
Ossicles
Tiub Eustachio
Eustachio tube
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
Koklea
Cochlea
Tingkap bujur
Oval window
Fungsi
Function
A
Memperkuat
getaran
Amplify sound vibrations
bunyi
Menukarkan
getaran
bunyi
kepada
impuls
saraf
Changes sound vibrations to
nerve impulses
(b) Susun semula aliran yang menunjukkan lintasan bunyi dalam mekanisme
pendengaran mengikut urutan yang betul.
Arrange the pathway that shows the sound pathway in the hearing mechanism.
Lintasan bunyi
Susunan
Sound pathway
Order
Otak
Brain
Salur auditori
Auditory canal
Tingkap bujur
Oval window
Cuping telinga
Ear pinna
Osikel
Ossicles
Gegendang telinga
Eardrum
Koklea
Cochlea
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
7.
P
A
Koklea
Cochlea
B Saraf auditori
Auditory
nerve
C
Koklea
Cochlea
Tingkap
Saraf auditori
bujur
Auditory
Oval window
nerve
Osikel
Ossicles
Tiub
Eustachio
Eustachion
tube
Osikel
Ossicles
Tingkap bujur
Oval window
Tingkap
Saraf auditori
bujur
Auditory
Oval window
nerve
Osikel
Ossicles
Koklea
Cochlea
Osikel
Ossicles
Tiub
Eustachio
Eustachion
tube
Tingkap
bujur
Oval window
Koklea
Cochlea
Saraf auditori
Auditory
nerve
(c) Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan fungsi struktur W,X, Y dan Z bagi telinga
manusia.
The information below shows the functions of structures W, X, Y and Z of the
human ear.
W : Menguatkan getaran bunyi
Amplify sound vibrations
X : Menghantar impuls saraf ke otak
Sends nerve impulses to the brain
Y : Bergetar apabila gelombang bunyi mengena padanya
Vibrates when it is hit by sound waves
Z
W
Koklea
Cochlea
X
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
Y
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
Z
Osikel
Ossicles
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
Tingkap bujur
Oval window
Osikel
Koklea
Cochlea
Tiub Eustachio
Eustachion tube
Saraf auditori
Tingkap bujur
Oval window
Koklea
Cochlea
Gegendang
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
Osikel
Ossicles
Koklea
Ossicles
Auditory nerve
telinga
Eardrum
Cochlea
Koklea
Cochlea
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
Tingkap bujur
Oval window
Osikel
Ossicles
(f) Namakan struktur telinga yang mengumpul dan mengarahkan gelombang bunyi
ke dalam telinga?
Name the structure of the ear that collects and directs waves into the era?
A
B
C
D
Koklea
Cochlea
Cuping telinga
Ear pinna
Tingkap bujur
Oval window
Osikel
Ossicles
(g) Rajah berikut menunjukkan laluan impuls apabila kulit menerima rangsangan.
The following diagram shows the path of an impulse when the skin receives a
stimulus.
Antara berikut yang manakah mewakili X, Y dan Z?
Which of the following represents X, Y and Z?
Cuping telinga W X Osikel Y Koklea Z Otak
Ear pinna
Ossicles
Cochlea
Brain
W
Koklea
Cochlea
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
Osikel
Ossicles
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
Tingkap bujur
Oval window
Koklea
Cochlea
Tiub Eustachio
Eustachion tube
Tingkap bujur
Oval window
Koklea
Cochlea
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
Osikel
Ossicles
Osikel
Ossicles
Saraf auditori
Auditory nerve
Gegendang telinga
Eardrum
Koklea
Cochlea
C
D
8.
Medan penglihatan:
The field of vision:
Medan penglihatan:
The field of vision:
Penglihatan stereoskopik
Stereoscopic vision
Penglihatan monokular
Monocular vision
9.
Keterangan / Explanation:
Daun pokok semalu menguncup apabila disentuh.
The leaves of the Mimosa plant close when it is touched.
Kelebihan / Advantage:
Memberi perlindungan.
Give protection.
11.
Rabun jauh
Short-sightedness
II
Rabun dekat
Long-sightedness
III
Astigmatisme
Astigmatism
IV
Buta warna
Colour blindness
I dan II
I and II
I, II dan III
I, II and III
I, II dan IV
I, II and IV
12.
13.
Senaraikan semua jenis kecacatan mata berdasarkan pilihan jawapan yang diberi.
State all of the eye defects based on the option below.
Rabun jauh
Short-sightedness illusion
Bintik buta
Blind spot
Astigmatisme
Astigmatism
Buta warna
Colour blindness
Rabun dekat
Long-sightedness
Ilusi optik
Optical
Fungsi
Function
Reseptor sejuk
Cold receptors
Reseptor sentuhan
Touch receptors
Reseptor tekanan
Pressure receptors
Reseptor sakit
Pain receptors
15.
16.
Reseptor sentuhan
Touch receptor
Reseptor sejuk
Cold receptor
Reseptor sakit
Pain receptor
Reseptor tekanan
Pressure receptor
Saraf
Nerve
(b) Isikan tempat kosong dengan jawapan yang betul mengenai fungsi setiap
reseptor pada kulit.
Fill in the blanks with the correct answer about the function of each receptor in
the skin.
(i) Reseptor sakit
Pain receptor
(ii) Reseptor panas
Heat receptor
(iii) Reseptor sejuk
Cold receptor
(iv) Reseptor sentuhan
Touch receptor
(v) Reseptor tekanan
Pressure receptor
17. (a) Susun semula aliran impuls melalui saraf setelah rangsangan diterima oleh kulit
mengikut urutan yang betul.
Arrange the pathway of an impulse through the nerves after a stimulus is
received by the skin in the correct order.
Aliran impuls
The pathway of an impulse
Gerak balas
Response
Saraf
Nerve
Otak
Brain
Rangsangan
Stimulus
Efektor
Effector
Reseptor
Receptor
Susunan
Order
Saraf
Nerve
(b) Padankan yang berikut dengan huraiannya.
Match the following with its description.
Reseptor sejuk
Cold receptor
Reseptor panas
Heat receptor
18.
Braille
Braille
Simbol tulisan Braille digunakan
oleh orang buta untuk membantu
mereka
membaca.
_____________________________
digunakan untuk tujuan ini.
_____________________________
A doctor usually gives an injection
in the arm of a patient. This is
because_______________________
_____________________________
_____________________________
19.
(a) Gariskan jawapan yang betul. Aliran impuls melalui saraf setelah rangsangan
diterima oleh kulit.
Underline the correct answer. The pathway of an impulse through the nerves
after a stimulus is received by the skin.
Braille
Braille
Simbol tulisan Braille digunakan
oleh orang buta untuk membantu
mereka
membaca.
Reseptor
(tekanan / sentuhan) digunakan
untuk tujuan ini.
Braille symbols are used by blind
people to help them in reading. The
(pressure / touch) receptor is used
in this purpose.
(a) Lengkapkan aliran impuls melalui saraf setelah rangsangan diterima oleh kulit
berikut.
Complete the following pathway of an impulse through the nerves after a stimulus
is received by the skin.
Suntikan
Injection
Braille
Braille
Bahagian telinga
Part of the ear
Fungsi
Function
Mengumpul dan mengarahkan gelombang bunyi
ke dalam telinga.
Collects and directs sound waves into the ear
Menyalurkan gelombang bunyi ke gegendang
telinga
Channels sound waves to the eardrum
Bergetar apabila gelombang bunyi mengena
padanya
Vibrates when it is hit by sound waves
Memperkuat getaran bunyi
Amplify sound waves
Menghantar getaran dari tulang osikel ke telinga
dalam
Sends vibration from the bony ossicles into the
inner ear
Menukarkan getaran bunyi kepada impuls saraf
Changes sound vibrations to nerve impulses
Menghantar impuls saraf ke otak untuk ditafsir
Send nerve impulses to the brain for
interpretation
Menyamakan tekanan udara di kedua-dua belah
telinga
Equalises the air pressure on both sides of the ear
Cuping telinga
Ear pinna
Otak
Brain
22.
Fungsi
Function
Mengumpul dan mengarahkan gelombang
bunyi ke dalam telinga.
Collects and directs sound waves into the ear
(Tingkap
bujur/Tiub Menyamakan tekanan udara di kedua-dua
Eustachio)
belah telinga
(Oval window / Eustachian Equalises the air pressure on both sides of the
tube)
ear
(c) Carta alir di bawah menunjukkan lintasan bunyi dalam mekanisme pendengaran.
Gariskan jawapan yang betul.
The flow chart below shows the sound pathway in the hearing mechanism.
Underline the correct answer.
(Cuping telinga / Salur auditori)
(Ear pinna / Auditory canal)
(Koklea / Osikel)
(Cochlea / Ossicles)
(Osikel / Koklea)
(Ossicles / Cochlea)
Otak
Brain
23.
Fungsi
Function
24.
Koroid
Choroid
Bintik buta
Blind spot
Saraf optik
Optic nerve
Kanta mata
Eye lens
Otot silia
Ciliary
mucles
Iris
Iris
Retina
Retina
Anak mata
Pupil
Bintik kuning
Yellow spot
Bahagian mata
Part of the eye
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
Gelemair
Aqueous
humour
Sklera
Sclera
Koroid
Choroid
Bintik buta
Blind spot
Saraf optik
Optic nerve
Kanta mata
Eye lens
Otot silia
Ciliary
mucles
Iris
Iris
Retina
Retina
Anak mata
Pupil
Bintik kuning
Yellow spot
Bahagian mata
Part of the eye
Gelemair
Aqueous
humour
Sklera
Fungsi
Function
Membantu memfokuskan cahaya ke atas retina
Helps to focus light on the retina
Mengawal saiz anak mata
Controls the size of the pupil
Melindungi dan memberi bentuk kepada bola mata
Protects and gives the eyeball it shape
Menyerap cahaya dalam mata
Absorb light in the eye
Membenarkan cahaya masuk ke dalam mata
Allows light to enter the eye
Mengekalkan bentuk bola mata
Maintains the shape of the eyeball
Memfokuskan cahaya untuk membentuk imej di
retina
Focusses the light to form an image on the retina
Mengawal ketebalan kanta
Controls the thickness of the lens
Menerima rangsangan cahaya dan menukarkannya
kepada impuls saraf
Receive light stimulus and convert it into nerve
impulses
Menghantar impuls saraf ke otak
Sends nerve impulses to the brain
Tempat yang paling peka pada retina
The most sensitive area of the retina
Bahagian retina yang tidak peka terhadap cahaya
The part of the retina which is not sensitive to light
(c) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan mekanisme penglihatan dalam mata. Isi tempat
kosong dengan jawapan yang betul.
The diagram below shows the sight mechanism in the human eye. Fill in the
blanks with the correct answer.
gelemaca
vitreous
humour
impuls
impulse
songsang
inverted
saraf optik
optic nerve
lebih kecil
smaller
retina
retina
anak mata
pupil
tajam
sharp
gelemair
aqueous
humour
nyata
real
Fungsi
Function
Membantu memfokuskan cahaya ke atas retina
Helps to focus light on the retina
Mengawal saiz anak mata
Controls the size of the pupil
Melindungi dan memberi bentuk kepada bola mata
Protects and gives the eyeball it shape
(Koroid / Sklera)
(Choroid / Sclera)
(Koroid/Anak mata)
(Choroid/Pupil)
(Gelemair / Gelamaca)
(Aqueous humour /
Vitreous humour)
(Kanta mata / Kornea)
(Eye lens / Cornea)
Cahaya daripada objek memasuki mata melalui (koroid / anak mata). sinaran
cahaya daripada objek difokuskan oleh kornea, (gelemair / gelamaca), kanta
mata dan (sclera / gelemaca) supaya imej yang (kabur / tajam) dapat difokuskan
pada (Retina/ Sklera). Imej yang terbentuk pada retina adalah nyata, (terbalik /
tegak) dan (lebih besar / lebih kecil) daripada objek. Sel-sel yang terdapat pada
retina menghantar impuls melalui (ligamen gantung / saraf optik) kepada otak.
Otak mentafsirkan (impuls / imej) dan menyatakan apa yang dilihat.
Light from an object enters the eye through (choroid / pupil). the light rays from
the object are focused by cornea, (aqueous humour / vitreous humour), eye lens
and (sclera / vitreous humour) so that a (fuzzy / sharp) image of the object is
focused on the (retina / sclera). The image of the object on the retina is real,
(inverted / upright) and (bigger / smaller) than the object. The cells on the retina
send nerves impulses along the (suspensory ligament / optic nerve) to the brain.
The brain interprets the (impulse / image) and tells u what we see.
26.
Fungsi
Function
Membantu memfokuskan cahaya ke atas retina
Helps to focus light on the retina
Mengawal saiz anak mata
Controls the size of the pupil
Melindungi dan memberi bentuk kepada bola mata
Protects and gives the eyeball it shape
Menyerap cahaya dalam mata
Absorb light in the eye
Membenarkan cahaya masuk ke dalam mata
Allows light to enter the eye
Mengekalkan bentuk bola mata
Maintains the shape of the eyeball
Memfokuskan cahaya untuk membentuk imej di retina
Focusses the light to form an image on the retina
Ligamen gantung
Suspensory
ligament
Mengawal ketebalan kanta
Controls the thickness of the lens
Menerima rangsangan cahaya dan menukarkannya kepada
impuls saraf
Receive light stimulus and convert it into nerve impulses
Menghantar impuls saraf ke otak
Sends nerve impulses to the brain
Bintik kuning
Yellow spot
Bahagian retina yang tidak peka terhadap cahaya
The part of the retina which is not sensitive to light
(c) Rajah di bawah menunjukkan mekanisme penglihatan dalam mata. Isi tempat
kosong dengan jawapan yang betul.
The diagram below shows the sight mechanism in the human eye. Fill in the
blanks with the correct answer.
Penglihatan monokular
Monocular vision
Lukiskan
medan
penglihatan
monokular.
Draw the field of monocular
vision.
28.
Kelebihan:
Advantage:
Dapat ____________ jarak dengan
____________.
Can
____________
distances
____________.
Kelebihan:
Advantage:
Mempunyai medan penglihatan yang
lebih ____________.
Has a ____________ field of vision.
Kepentingan :
Importance:
Menganggar ____________ dengan
tepat ketika ____________ mangsa.
Estimates ____________ accurately
when ____________ prey.
Kepentingan :
Importance:
Menbantu mangsa ____________ dan
____________ daripada pemangsa
Helps prey to ____________ and
____________ from predators
Contoh =
Example =
Contoh =
Example =
Kaji gambar foto haiwan di bawah dan jawab soalan-soalan yang berkaitan dengan
penglihatan stereoskopik dan monokular.
Study the photographs of the animals below and answer the questions regarding
stereoscopic and monocular visions.
Haiwan Y
Animal Y
Haiwan X
Animal X
(a)
(b)
Haiwan Y
Animal Y
(c)
Apakah kelebihan penglihatan yang lebih luas pada haiwan yang dinyatakan di
soalan 2?
What is the advantage of a wider field of vision to the animal stated in question
no 2?
________________________________________________________________
(d)
________________________________________________________________
Apakah kelebihan jenis penglihatan yang dimiliki oleh haiwan Y?
What is the advantage of the type of vision possessed by animal Y?
________________________________________________________________
29.
(e)
(f)
= ______________________________
= ______________________________
ii) Haiwan Y
Animal Y
= ______________________________
= ______________________________
Kerosakan _____________________
Damage to the _____________________
_____________________ terkoyak
Tearing of the _____________________
30.
bunyi kuat
Damage of the (auditory nerve / cochlea) due to long exposure to loud sound.
Kerosakan (cuping telinga / saraf auditori)
Damage to the (pinna / auditory nerve)
31.
32.
A hearing defect that is caused by damage to some part of the ear like tearing of the
eardrum, damage to the ossicles, damage to the ____________ and damage to the
____________. Hearing defect can be corrected through ____________ or by using
a ____________. Damaged ossicles can be ____________ and torn eardrums can be
____________. Some cases of hearing defects cannot be remedied, for example
damage to the auditory nerve, ____________ or hearing centre of the brain.
33.
osikel
ossicles
koklea
cochlea
gegendang
eardrum
saraf auditori
auditory nerve
pembedahan
surgery
alat bantu
pendengaran
hearing aid
digantikan
replaced
ditampal
patched
otak
brain