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Le Participe Pass
Avoir:
make agreements with avoir when a direct object precedes the verb
> a pronoun: Elle la mange.
> a question where the direct object is before the verb
> the pronoun que
no agreements with the object pronouns: lui, leur, y, en
Le Participe Pass Comme Adjectif:
sometimes we use the participe as an adjective, but you must make agreements with
what the adjective is describing
> les homards sont cuits la perfection
Imparfait Avec Avoir et tre:
past tense used for descriptions
avoir and tre are mainly used in this tense
Avoir Etre
avais tais
avais tais
avait tait
avions tions
aviez tiez
avaient taient
Imparfait:
translates to was or used to
to conjugate: take nous form of verb, drop the ons, and add:
-ais, ais, ait, ions, iez, aient
exceptions:
> verbs that end with ger: mangeais, mangeais, mangeait, mangions, mangiez,
mangeaient
> verbs that end with cer: commenais, commenais, commenait, commencions,
commenciez, commenaient
> verbs that end with ier: tudiais, tudiais, tudiait, tudiions, tudiiez, tudiaient
Usage de lImparfait:
les descriptions (physique, personnalit)
ltat motionnel et physique
les actions rptes ou habituelles
une action qui continue dans le pass et qui est interrompue (quand + pc)
deux actions simultanes (pendant que)
le temps
lheure
these verbs usually take imparfait: savoir, avoir, pouvoir, vouloir, tre
use pass instead of imparfait when an action is terminated in the past, its an
interruption or the actions are in chronological order
PassImparfait:
avoir: had, got, receivedhad
connaitre: metknew, was familiar with
devoir: must have, had towas supposed to (whether I did it or not)
pouvoir: could, was able tocould, was able to (whether I did to not)
savoir: learned, found outknew
vouloir: tried, decided towanted
infinitive + endings
ai, as, a, ons, ez, ont
with re verbs, drop the e
Irregular:
venirviendr, courircourr, voirverr, fairefer, allerir, devoirdevr, pouvoir
pourr, avoiraur, etreser, vouloirvoudr, savoirsaur, mourirmourr, recevoir
recevr, devenirdeviendr
Le Participe Prsent:
1st person plural (nous) is formed
take off ons, add ant
same rules for regular and irregular
> ger verbs, dont drop the e and cer verbs, change c to
always preceded by en (no je, tu, il, etc. but keep reflective pronouns)
3 irregular: tretant, avoirayant, savoirsachant
makes ing in English
can be two actions going on at the same time, and used to describe how we do
something
Les Pronoms Relatifs:
6 in total3 to combine ideas, 3 to introduce them
Combining:
Qui: (who/that)
used to combine two ideas when the second idea doesnt have a subject, is always
followed by a verb
never becomes qu
cest la publicit qui est intressant
Que: (that/whom)
used to combine two ideas when the second idea does have a subjectque is always
followed by a subject
cest le message publicitaire que jai vu
Dont:
used to combine idea/verb that ends in de (demander de)replaces the subject
jadore lmission dont tu mas parl (de)
Replacing:
Ce Qui: (what/which)
introduces idea without a subject
ce qui est intressant, cest la publicit
Ce Que: (what/which)
introduces an idea with a subject
ce que jai vu, ctait le mnage publicitaire
Ce Dont: (what/which)
introduces an idea that ends in de
ce dont tu mas parl (de) ctait lmission
* verbs followed by de: parler de, avoir peur de, avoir besoin de, avoir envie de, tre revi
de, tre content de, tre satisfait de, tre fier de, se souvenir de
Le Conditionnel:
translates to should or wouldexpresses a possibility
add imparfait endings to the infinitive
-ais, -ais, -ait, -ions, -iez, -aient
irregular are the same as futur simple
regular: tu aimerais, nous chanterions
Les Pronoms:
Dobjet Direct: le, la, les
answers the questions what or whom
replaces a noun
Il mange la pomme. Il la mange.
with pass compos, make agreements (m.s. = nothing, f.s. = e, m.pl. = s, f.pl. = es)
Dobjet Indirect: me, te, lui, nous, vous, leur
preceded by: , la, l, au, aux (must be to people)
answers to whom or for whome
Jean donne la pomme moi. Jean me donne la pomme.
Le Pronom Y:
replaces a place or ideo/noun
introduced by a preposition of place: , dans, sous, sur, au-dessus, avant, chez, devant
Je vais la fte. Jy vais.
Le Pronom En:
replaces a thing or idea
introduced by: du, de la, des, un, une, deux, or a quantity
part of an object or unspecified amount
Je mange dix pommes. Jen mange dix.
La Position:
with one verb = before verb
with two verbs = before infinitive
with pass compose = before avoir or tre (only with direct object pronouns make
agreements)
Lordre de Pronoms:
for two or more pronouns
1: me, te, nous, vouse
2: le, la, les
3: lui, leur
4: y
5: en
Negative Sentence:
the pronoun is before the verb
no hyphens
when y is the only pronoun, it stays as y, but when its the last in a series it becomes l