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Characteristics:
a)plurality of subjects (the co-owners)
b) there is a single object which is not
materially divided
c)there is no mutual representation by the
co-owners
d) it exist for the common enjoyment of
the co-owners
e) it has no distinct legal personality
f) it is governed first of all by the contract
of the parties; otherwise, by special
legal provisions, and in default of such
provisions, by the provisions of Title III
on co-ownership
Sources:
1. Law
2. Contract
3. Chance
4. Occupation
5. Succession
6. Testamentary disposition or donation
inter vivos
Co-ownership
Partnership
1. Can be created
without
the
formalities
of
a
contract
2. Has no juridical or
legal personality
1. Can be created
only by contract,
express or implied
3.
Purpose
is
collective enjoyment
of the thing
4.
Co-owner
can
dispose of his shares
without the consent
of the others with
the
transferee
automatically
becoming a co-owner
5. There is no mutual
representation
6. Distribution of
profits
must
be
proportional to the
respective interests
of the co-owners
7. A co-ownership is
not dissolved by the
death or incapacity
2.
Has
juridical
personality distinct
from the partners
3. Purpose is to
obtain profits
4. A partner, unless
authorized
cannot
dispose of his share
and
substitute
another as a partner
in his place
5. A partner can
generally bind the
partnership
6. Distribution of
profits is subject to
the stipulation of the
parties
7.
Death
or
incapacity dissolves
the partnership
of a co-owner
8.
no
public
instrument
needed
even if real property
is the object of the
co-ownership
9. An agreement to
keep
the
thing
undivided
for
a
period of more than
10 years is void
8. May be made in
any
form
except
when real property is
contributed
9. There may be
agreement as to a
definite term without
limit set by law
Rules:
1. Rights of each co-owner as to the thing
owned in common: USBRAP-LDP
a)
To use the thing owned in common
Limitations:
i)
use according to the purpose for
which it was intended
ii)
interest of the co-ownership must
not be prejudiced
iii)
other co-owners must not be
prevented from using it according
to their own rights
b) To share in the benefits and charges in
proportion to the interest of each.
NOTE: Any stipulation to the contrary is
void.
c) To the benefits of prescription:
prescription by one co-owner benefits
all.
d) Repairs and taxes: to compel the others
to share in the expenses of
preservation even if incurred without
prior notice.
NOTE: The co-owner being compelled may
exempt himself from the payment of taxes
and expenses by renouncing his share
equivalent to such taxes and expenses.
The value of the property at the time of
the renunciation will be the basis of the
portion to be renounced.
e) Alterations:
to oppose alterations
made without the consent of all, even
if beneficial.
NOTES:
Alteration is an act by virtue of which a
co-owner changes the thing from the
state in which the others believe it
should remain, or withdraws it from the
use to which they desire it to be
intended.
Expenses to improve or embellish
are decided by the majority
f) To protest against seriously prejudicial
decisions of the majority
g) Legal redemption: to be exercised
within 30 days from written notice of
sale of an undivided share of another
co-owner to a stranger
6. expropriation
7. judicial or extra-judicial partition
CONDOMINIUM ACT (R.A. NO. 4726)
CONDOMINIUM
an interest in real property consisting of a
separate interest in a unit in a residential,
industrial or commercial building and an
undivided interest in common, directly or
indirectly, in the land on which it is located
and in other common areas of the building.
Any transfer or conveyance of a unit or an
apartment, office or store or other space
therein,
shall
include
transfer
or
conveyance of the undivided interest in the
common areas or, in a proper case, the
membership or shareholdings in the
condominium
corporation:
provided,
however, that where the common areas in
the condominium project are held by the
owners of separate units as co-owners
thereof, no condominium unit therein shall
be conveyed or transferred to persons
other than Filipino citizens or corporations
at least 60% of the capital stock of which
belong to Filipino citizens, except in cases
of hereditary succession.