How to design a Step up and Step Down Auto transformer?

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How to design a Step up and Step Down Auto
transformer?

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Mepits

How to design a Step up and Step Down Auto transformer?

10 September 2015

Electrical

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Steps to design an
Autotransformer?
Autotransformers are

Sections
Steps to design an
Autotransformer?

transformers
used when input to output isolation is not essential and

when the transformation ratio is not very large. Some of the applications of these
autotransformers are as voltage stabilizer transformers and step down transformers.

Tags

Autotransformer

autotransformer

An autotransformer consists of windings

common to secondary and primary, such that the

transformer design

output and input circuits are connected as a single continuous winding. Here, the output and

step up
autotransformer

supply voltages are not isolated from each other and this transformer helps in the lowering or
raising of the voltage.

step down
autotransformer

The advantages of the autotransformer are in saving the conductor material. There is a better
saving in the iron material since, the power is not being transferred to the output
electromagnetically and thus the core has to handle less power.

How to design a Step down Autotransformer?

primary winding
secondary winding
input winding
output winding

A step down autotransformer is shown in the figure below.

https://www.mepits.com/tutorial/426/Electrical/How-to-design-a-Step-up-and-Step-Down-Auto-transformer?-[7/7/2016 10:51:43 PM]

How to design a Step up and Step Down Auto transformer? | Mepits

It consists of primary and secondary winding. Here the secondary winding is part of the
primary winding. The remaining part of the primary winding is known as input winding and the
secondary winding is known as output winding. Also, n is the current transformation ratio. The
design of the autotransformer is divided into 3
steps. They are Initial design steps, input
winding design, output winding design and core selection.

Initial Design Steps

At first, the current transformation ratio, autotransformer rating, core area and turns per volt are
being designed.
The current transformation ratio, n, is being calculated by:
n= Primary voltage/Secondary Voltage.
Next, the output volt-amp is calculated.
Output volt-amp= Secondary voltage x Secondary Current
Thirdly, the core area is calculated.
Core Area= 1.152 sqrt (Transformed Volt-amp x (n-1)/n).
At last, in the initial stage, turns per volt is being calculated.
Turns per volt=1/ (4.44 x 10

-4x

frequency x core area x flux density).

Input Winding Design

Input current in the winding is given by:
Input current= Output volt-amp/ (Primary volts x efficiency).

https://www.mepits.com/tutorial/426/Electrical/How-to-design-a-Step-up-and-Step-Down-Auto-transformer?-[7/7/2016 10:51:43 PM]

How to design a Step up and Step Down Auto transformer? | Mepits

The input winding turns is given by,

Input winding turns= (Primary volt-Secondary volt) x Turns per volt.
The core window area occupied by this input winding is given as:
Input winding area = Input winding turns/ (Turns per sq.cm).

Output Winding Design

Output current in the winding is given by:
Output winding current= (n-1) x Input winding current.
Output winding turns= Secondary turns x Turns per volt.
Output Winding Area = Output Winding Turns/ (Turns per sq.cm).

Core Selection
The total window area required for the core is given by:
Total Window Area= Input winding area+ Output Winding Area+ Space for former and
insulation.

How to design a Step Up Autotransformer?

A step up autotransformer is shown in the figure below.

As seen in the step down autotransformer, the primary winding is part of the secondary
winding due to large number of turns on the step up autotransformer. Here part of the

https://www.mepits.com/tutorial/426/Electrical/How-to-design-a-Step-up-and-Step-Down-Auto-transformer?-[7/7/2016 10:51:43 PM]

How to design a Step up and Step Down Auto transformer? | Mepits

primary winding is referred as input winding and the remaining part is referred as
output winding.
The design of a step up autotransformer involves 3 steps, they are:
Initial design.
Input winding design.
Output Winding design.
Core Selection.

Initial Design
In the initial design step, the transformation ratio, core area and the turns per volt are first
designed.
Transformation Ratio
The transformation ratio, n = Primary voltage/Secondary voltage.
Core area and turns per volt are found in the similar way as in the step down
transformer.

Input Winding Design

Input Winding Current= (n-1) x [Output volt-amp]/ (Primary Volts x Efficiency)

Input winding turns= Primary voltage x Turns per volt.

Input Winding Area = Input Winding Turns/ (Turns per sq.cm).

Output Winding Design

Output Winding current = (Secondary volts-Primary volts) x Turns per volt.
Output Winding Area
Output Winding Area= (Output Winding Turns)/Turns per sq.cm.

Core Selection
The core selection is similar to the procedure in step up autotransformer.

Example: Designing a Step down Autotransformer

A step down autotransformer is to be designed with specifications like primary voltage of 230
volts, secondary voltage of 110 volts, output volt amp of 6 and output of 6 watts.
Initial Design Steps
Secondary current=6/110=0.055 amp

https://www.mepits.com/tutorial/426/Electrical/How-to-design-a-Step-up-and-Step-Down-Auto-transformer?-[7/7/2016 10:51:43 PM]

How to design a Step up and Step Down Auto transformer? | Mepits

n=230/110=2.1
Transformed volt-amp= (2.1-1) x 6/2.1 = 3.14
Core area=1.1523.14 =2.0sq.cm.
Turns per volt=1/ (4.44x10

-4x50

x 1.3 x 2) =17

Input Winding Design

Input Winding current =6/ (230 x 0.92) =0.028amp
Input Winding Turns = (230-110) x 17 =2040
Window area =2040/3507 = 0.58sq.cm.
Output Winding Design
Output winding current= (2.1-1) x 0.028 =0.031 amp.
Output Winding Turns= 110 x 17 =1870.
Window Area required= 1870/3507 = 0.53 sq.cm.
Core Selection
Total window area= 1.3 x (0.58+0.53) = 1.44 sq.cm.
Gross core area=1.11 x 2=2.22 sq.cm.
Tongue Width=2.22 = 1.49cm.
Stack Height=2.22/1.588 = 1.4 cm.

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https://www.mepits.com/tutorial/426/Electrical/How-to-design-a-Step-up-and-Step-Down-Auto-transformer?-[7/7/2016 10:51:43 PM]

How to design a Step up and Step Down Auto transformer? | Mepits

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