ENGLISH 11: CLASS 13

July 22, 2016

THE CATCHER IN THE RYE : TYING IT ALL TOGETHER

As

a group generate 1 question that

remains unanswered at the end of the
novel.

Discuss

THE CATCHER IN THE RYE : TYING IT ALL TOGETHER

What

was Holden searching for during

his madman week in New York City?

The mark of an immature man is that he wants to die nobly for

a cause, while the mark of the mature man is that he wants to
live humbly for one.

Is

this a message about conforming?

What

are Holdens last words to us?

What

can we interpret from his words?

Modes of Persuasion
Logos
Pathos
Ethos

Persuasive Techniques
Appeals

Emo;ons
Fears
Desire to seem intelligent
Need to protect their family
Desire to t in, to be accepted, to be loved
Desire to be an individual
Desire to follow a tradi;on
Desire to be wealthy or save money
Desire to be healthy/look good
Desire to protect animals/the environment
Patrio;sm

Persuasive Techniques
Evidence: Makes the reader see the author as
knowledgeable and the argument as more logical or
reliable.
Examples: Sta;s;cs, expert opinions, research ndings

AJacks: Portray views and beliefs that are contrary to

the authors views as foolish, dangerous, uncaring,
deceiLul. Humor can be eec;ve here. But can oend
or alienate audience.

Inclusive/Exclusive language: we, our, us, vs.
them

Persuasive Techniques
Rhetorical ques;ons: Ques;ons asked for eect only
Example: Do we want our children growing up in a world where
they are threatened with violence on every street corner?

Cause and eect

Connota;ons: using emo;onal meanings of words to
suit your purpose.
Examples: Kill vs. slaughter; health issue vs. health crisis; freedom
ghter vs. terrorist.

Analogy: a form of reasoning in which things are

compared to make a point.
Examples: Schools are like prisons and students are like
prisoners.

Persuasive Techniques
Humor: puns, irony, sarcasm, sa;re, jokes. Dismisses
opposing views and provides a more engaging and friendly
tone.

Jargon: by using specialized terms, the author can appear
to be an expert to the audience

Formal language: makes author sound knowledgeable.
Makes argument seem more reasonable and balanced.

Colloquial language: Appears friendly.

Persuasive Techniques
Repe;;on: reinforces the argument

Hyperbole: Emphasizes points through exaggera;on

Allitera;on and Assonance: Adds emphasis to major
points makes them more memorable.

Imagery and gura;ve language: Paints a word
picture, makes a point visually, appeals to emo;ons
Example: Canada is a fabric woven of many colors

Ge^ng Started With Persuasion

1. Choose your issue carefully
You can only argue opinions, not facts.
Facts can be interpreted in dierent ways though.
You cant argue maJers of taste.
Avoid large, controversial issues too big for the scope
of this project.

2. Consider your audience

Approach will dier based on readers level of
knowledge, interest in subject, age.

Ge^ng Started With Persuasion

3. Iden;fy your purpose

Do you want readers to understand the issue?

Do you want the reader to change their mind on an issue?
Do you want your readers to take ac;on?

4. State your thesis

BEFORE working on the draf, write your opinion in the form

of a proposi;on (opinion statement)
Sa;sfactory proposi;ons are arguable.

5. Iden;fy reasons and evidence

Reasons (main points) are specic, dis;nct, signicant, and

relevant.
You need to support main points with facts, details, stats,
events, experiences

Ge^ng Started With Persuasion

6. Decide on an approach Direct or Indirect:

If people are likely to disagree, indirect is best

Start by building your case with deni;ons, examples, evidence

7. Arrange your reasons and evidence

Cause/Eect analysis
Comparison
Their side/my side

1. Iden;fy any irrelevant/trivial points

2. Show that a point only covers part of the issue
3. Show that a point is only valid some of the ;me
4. Show that a point has immediate advantages and long term
disadvantages.
5. Acknowledge the validity of the opposi;ons points, but provide a
beJer alterna;ve

Essay style using proposi;on statement as thesis statement

Persuasion Ac;vity
Todays educa;on system is inadequate for the
needs of todays society.

Agree
Disagree
Allans table Yales table
Roses table Joys table
Ranas table Edwards
table