Rectifiers. Transformers and Harmonic Filters

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Customized Dc Power Supplies in All Industrial Applications including

Power Factor Correction - Harmonic Filters
We start out by assessing the clients power requirements including the load
characteristics and system power distribution and customize a proposal that uniquely
addresses the clients needs. We believe that our one-of-a-kind design tools, experience
and analytical know-how allows us to propose a custom design for the best possible fit to
clients needs within a required budget. Our service covers all aspects of power design
including but not limited to the following:
a) Comparative performance analysis of various multi-pulse rectifiers at different
ANSI configurations,
b) Satisfaction of load V/I characteristics as may best suit the application,
c) Multiple Customized Transformers and Inductors in different ANSI
configurations,
d) Multi-Stage Harmonic Filters and Power Factor Correction to satisfy standards
such as IEEE519,
e) Complete oil, water and air cooling system for the proposed scheme including
pump ratings, heat exchangers, plumbing and manifold configuration,
f) Complete cost estimate with component breakdown for all of the above,
g) Complete design report including estimated performance factors, THD, power

factor and coordination curves.
Mathhcad program to design and

Power Magnetronics Solutions staff use a fully customized Mat
compare performance characteristics of various multisystems.
s. Utilizing advanced
multi-pulse rectifier system
computer tools, the company is unique in its profession
profession by providing all of the above services
under the same roof, thereby optimizing the integration of a large scale system and providing the
client the convenience of working with a single source for their power supply and filtering
requirements. This will put the client at a vantage point for selecting a manufacturing source and
negotiating
getting the most economical gains in negotiati
ng the terms. We can also assist, at the discretion
of clients, in overseeing or negotiating the manufacturing selection and ensuring compliance to
clients
clients specifications.
transformerss and harmonic filter.
Below is a sample of a DC supply, specialized transformer
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1.0 INTRODUCTION: The material in this brochure is intended to provide theoretical and
technical design specifications for the power factor correction and harmonic filters of a 12pulse rectifier system comprising of two six-pulse rectifiers connected according to ANSI 4546 configuration. All design information are developed to support the feasibility of compliance
to a client specifications based on expected manufacturing requirements as well as the authors
past projects of similar complexity. Allowances must be made for deviations from the design
data herein, if and when deemed necessary to comply with client specifications.
2.0 RECTIFIER MODEL: Figure 2.1 is a schematic diagram of a 12-pulse rectifier system in
ANSI 45-46 configuration. Typical current waveforms are shown in Figure 2.2. All quantities
are in P.U. or percent. One P.U. equals 100% with respect to nominal quantities.
3.0 HARMONIC FILTER: Each rectifier system includes a separate harmonic trap network
installed at the primary of the rectifier transformer. A four stage harmonic trap as shown in Fig
3.1 is selected to meet the clients performance specifications. The unique filter configuration
is optimized to maintain the power factor at above 95% over the range of DC voltage
from maximum to 10% of nominal value as depicted in Figure 4.1. The THD (Total
Harmonic Distortion) of the line current remains below 5% during this range of control. A
typical current and voltage waveform is shown in Figure 3.2 where the voltage and currents
before and after filter are compared. The rectifier input current distortion and voltage
commutation notches are eliminated (or attenuated) through the filter. A full spectrum analysis
is presented in section 4.0.
4.0 TECHNICAL DATA: A proprietary computer simulation program is used to calculate the
harmonics and power factor of the rectifier system under different load conditions. Table 4.1
lists the performance data at different DC voltage levels along with the trap KVAR settings.
The automatic power factor correction is used to switch the right combination of the traps and
capacitor banks to maintain the power factor above 95% and the current distortion below 5%.
Individual components of the harmonics are to meet IEE-519 standards.
Figures 4.2 to 4.10 show the waveforms for currents and voltages and their respective harmonic
frequency spectrum. The following nomenclature is used:
: Phase delay or firing angle of the rectifier in degrees
: Commutation overlap angle in degrees
VDC: Average DC output voltage of rectifier in %
I_fund: Fundamental value of line current in % of nominal
Figure 2.1: One-line diagram of a single ANSI 45-46 rectifier
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Figure 3.1 One line diagram of the harmonic trap filters for the system of Figure 2.1.
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(a)
(b)
Figure 3.2: Typical AC Voltage and current waveforms at (a) rectifier input and (b) line input, showing
elimination of distortion and commutation notches through harmonic traps.
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120%
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
, Firing Angle, deg
Figure 4.1 Power Factor (solid) and DC voltage (dashed) vs. Firing Angle, .
85.0
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Table 4.1 System performance data for a 12-pulse rectifier unit.

Nominal Power = 25 MW
Nominal Line Voltage = 23 KV
Firing
Angle, deg
DC
Voltage
Level
Commutation
0.0
96%
10.0
Power Factor
Current THD
in %
Voltage THD in
%
DC Ripple in %
23.1
99.5%
1.1%
0.7%
0.3%
95%
15.0
100.0%
2.0%
1.0%
0.2%
20.0
90%
10.2
99.9%
1.8%
1.1%
0.4%
30.0
83%
7.2
99.8%
2.2%
1.5%
0.7%
40.0
74%
5.2
99.2%
2.3%
1.7%
1.0%
50.0
62%
3.7
99.0%
2.1%
1.8%
1.2%
60.0
48%
2.6
99.6%
1.7%
1.8%
1.4%
70.0
33%
1.7
99.1%
1.7%
1.9%
1.6%
80.0
17%
0.8
96.4%
0.8%
1.1%
1.7%
angle, deg
* Values in % are with respect to corresponding per unit base ratings.
Figure 4.2 (a)
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Figure 4.2 (b)
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Figure 4.2 (c)
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Figure 4.3 (a)
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Figure 4.3 (b)
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Figure 4.3 (c)
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Figure 4.4 (a)
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Figure 4.4 (b)
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Figure 4.4 (c)
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Figure 4.5 (a)
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Figure 4.5 (b)
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Figure 4.5 (c)
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Figure 4.6 (a)
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Figure 4.6 (b)
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Figure 4.6 (c)
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Figure 4.7 (a)
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Figure 4.7 (b)
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Figure 4.7 (c)
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Figure 4.8 (a)
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Figure 4.8 (b)
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Figure 4.8 (c)
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Figure 4.9 (a)
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Figure 4.9 (b)
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Figure 4.9 (c)
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Figure 4.10 (a) NOTE THE CHANGE IN VERTICAL SCALE
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Figure 4.10 (b)
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Figure 4.10 (c)
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http://powermagnetronics.

Customized Dc Power Supplies in All Industrial Applications including

g) Complete design report including estimated performance factors, THD, power

Mathhcad program to design and

Figure 2.1: One-line diagram of a single ANSI 45-46 rectifier

, Firing Angle, deg

Table 4.1 System performance data for a 12-pulse rectifier unit.

* Values in % are with respect to corresponding per unit base ratings.

Figure 4.2 (a)

Figure 4.2 (b)

Figure 4.2 (c)

Figure 4.3 (a)

Figure 4.3 (b)

Figure 4.3 (c)

Figure 4.4 (a)

Figure 4.4 (b)

Figure 4.4 (c)

Figure 4.5 (a)

Figure 4.5 (b)

Figure 4.5 (c)

Figure 4.6 (a)

Figure 4.6 (b)

Figure 4.6 (c)

Figure 4.7 (a)

Figure 4.7 (b)

Figure 4.7 (c)

Figure 4.8 (a)

Figure 4.8 (b)

Figure 4.8 (c)

Figure 4.9 (a)

Figure 4.9 (b)

Figure 4.9 (c)

Figure 4.10 (a) NOTE THE CHANGE IN VERTICAL SCALE

Figure 4.10 (b)

Figure 4.10 (c)

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