DIGITAL BASIC - 1.

5 : Multiplexer (MUX) |VLSI Concepts

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Journey from M.tech to Internship (Sanjay

Goyal)
Wednesday, December 25, 2013

People always ask me how to get into VLSI Industry and

every time, I try to help them with few basic rules.
Complete your required Educat...

DIGITAL BASIC - 1.5 : Multiplexer (MUX)

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Index

Chapter1

Chapter2

Chapter3

Digital
Background

Semiconductor Background

CMOS
Processing

Chapter4

1.1

1.2

1.3a

1.3b

1.4

1.5

Number
System

Digital
Arithmetic

Logic
Gates

Logic
Gates

Combinational
Circuits

Multiplex
(MUX)

1.6
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De-Multiplexer:
Receives information on a single line and transmits that information on one of 2n possible output lines.
The selection of specific output line is controlled by the bit values of n selection lines.
Multiplexer:
Multiplexing means transmitting a large number of information units over a smaller number of channels lines.
A digital multiplexer is a combinational circuit that selects binary information from one of many inputs lines and directs it
in a signal output line.
The selection of a particular line is controlled by a set of selection lines.
Normally, there are 2n input lines and n selection lines whose bit combinations determine which input is selected.
Multiplexers can be used for the implementation of Boolean functions, combinational circuits. They can also used for
parallel to serial conversion.
Multiplexer is also called data selector or universal circuit.
It is used for connection two or more sources to a single destination among computer units and it is useful for
constructing a common bus system

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Important Points:
To implement 2n :1 MUX by using 2:1 MUX, the total number or 2:1 MUX required is 2n-1
Given MUX
4
4
8
8

:
:
:
:

1
1
1
1

To be implemented
MUX
16 : 1
64 : 1
64 : 1
256 : 1

Required
No of MUX
4+1=5
16+4+1=21
8+1 =9
32+4+1=37

Implementation of Higher Order MUX using Lower Order MUX:

4:1 MUX by 2:1 MUX

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XOR

XNOR

Implementation of Boolean function using Multiplexer:

The Boolean function may be implemented in 2n to 1 multiplexer.
If we have a Boolean function of n variables, we take n-1 of these variables and connect them to the selection lines of a
multiplexer (lets say these are select variables).
The remaining single variable (MSB variable) of the function is used for the inputs of the multiplexer (lets say these are
input variable).
Now form the implementation table
First row lists all those minterms where input variable is complemented (say 0).
Second row lists all those minterms where input variable is in its normal form (say 1).
The minterms are circled as per the given Boolean function. Now use the following steps to find out final multiplexer
inputs.
If the 2 minterms in a column are not circled, 0 is placed to the corresponding multiplexer inputs.
If the 2 minterms in a column are circled, 1 is placed to the corresponding multiplexer inputs.
If the minterms in the second row is circled and the first row is not circled, apply second row of variable to
the corresponding multiplexer inputs.
If the minterms in the first row is circled and not the second row, apply first row of the variable to the
corresponding multiplexer inputs.
Example: Implementation of given function using 8 to 1 multiplexer
F(A,B,C,D) = (1,3,4,11,12,13,14,15)
Solution.
Total number of variable n = 4 (A,B,C,D)
Number of select lines: n-1= 3 (B, C, D)
The given function has 4 variable, so 16 possible minterms (0 15) are entered in the implementation table.
All the minterms are divided into 2 groups
The first group (0-7) minterms are entered in the first row (Variable A =0)
The second group (815) minterms are entered in the second row (Variable A= 1)
Circle the minterm number as per function, which you have to implement (in this case its 1,3,4,11,12,13,14,15)
Find out the multiplexer input as per above given steps.

Implementation Table

Given multiplexer is 8:1

Logic diagram

Example

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Implement the following Boolean function using 8 : 1 MUX

F(A,B,C,D) = m(0,1,2,4,6,9,12,14)
Solution.
Select lines are B, C and D
Follow all the steps as per above points.

Example
Implement the following Boolean function with 8 : 1 multiplexer
F(A,B,C,D) = M (0,3,5,6,8,9,10,12,14)
Solution
The given maxterms are inverted to obtain minterms. From the minterms, we can implement the above Boolean function by using 8 :
1 multiplexer. Select lines are B, C and D, the input variable is A.
F(A,B,C,D) = m(1,2,4,7,11,13,15)

Example
Implement the following Boolean function with 8 : 1 multiplexer
F(A,B,C,D) = m (0,2,6,10,11,12,13) + d(3,8,14)
Solution.
The Boolean function has three dont care conditions which can be treated as either 0s or 1s. In this example dont care condition is
consider as 1.

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DIGITAL BASIC 1.1 : NUMBER

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Reactions:

6 comments:

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Anonymous October 10, 2014 at 7:34 AM

Very good explaination
Reply

Anonymous November 4, 2014 at 6:12 PM

very helpful..are you going to post remaining concepts of digital designing
Reply
Replies
your VLSI November 4, 2014 at 11:45 PM
Yes I will do. but it will take some time.
Reply

Ketan Rathod January 2, 2016 at 11:21 PM

How many 16:1mux required for 64:1 mux
Reply

Ketan Rathod January 2, 2016 at 11:23 PM

Someone gave me answer as 4 -64/16= 4
And some as 5- 64/16=4+1(for next one)=5
So which one is correct 5 or 4

Reply
Replies
VlsiExpertGroup January 4, 2016 at 7:31 PM
if you can't use anyother gate.. like AND, OR, XOR .. then 5 is correct. but in case you can use any such basic gates - then 4
is correct answer.
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