Ю. А. Щупак - Win32 API. Разработка Приложений Для Windows (2008)

Win32 API.
Windows
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ISBN 978-5-388-00301-0
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............................................................................... 13
1. Hello, World!,
Windows ......... 16
2. GDI
. , , ......... 58
3. GDI. , , ....................... 159
4. ........................................................ 213
5. Windows- ............................. 242
6. ..................................... 272
7. .................................................... 304
8. ....... 379
9. .................................................... 441
10. ..................................................... 485
11. DLL ........ 515
12. ..................................... 539
1. Visual C++ 6.0 ....... 563
2. Visual Studio.NET .. 577
3. Spy++ ............................. 584
............................................................................... 587
........................................................... 588
............................................................................... 13
........................................................................ 14
............................................................................... 14
........................................................................................ 15
1. Hello, World!,
Windows ........... 16
................................................................................... 16
................................................. 16
.................................................................................. 17
............................................................................ 18
................................................. 19
DLL ......................................................................... 19
- ................................... 20
Win32 .............................................................................. 20
, .................................................. 21
.............................................................................. 22
................................................................................... 23
.................................................................. 25
Windows ................................................... 25
Hello, world! ........................................... 30
....................................................... 31
...................................................................... 32
...................................................................................... 35
CreateWindowEx ............................................. 38
............................................................... 39
.......................................................................... 40
.............................................................................. 42
Hello, world! ............................................ 46

.......................................................................... 49
................................................................ 50
............................................................ 51
Windows .......................................... 52
................................................ 53
..................................................... 54
.................... 55
................................. 55

....................................... 56
Spy++ ............................................................ 57
2. GDI .
, , .......................................... 58
.................................................................................. 59
................................................................. 59
Windows. ............................................................... 60
................................................................................. 60
WM_PAINT .................................................. 63
................................................................................ 65
( ) .......................................... 65
....................................................................... 66
.................................................................. 66
...................................................... 66
, ...................................... 66
.................................................................. 67
............................................................ 68
............................................................. 68
....................... 69
................................................................. 72
................................. 74
. .......................................................... 76
HLS .................................................................. 76
RGB ................................................................. 76
.......................................... 77
.................................................................................... 78
, ......................... 78
. ............................... 79
............ 81
............................................ 81
........................................................................................ 82
.............................................................................. 83
..................................................................................................... 84
....................................................................................... 86
........................................................................................................ 87
............................................................................... 88
...................................................................................... 89
.............................................................................. 93
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.................................................................................... 101
................................................................................... 101
, , ............. 105
.................................................................................... 107
................................................................................. 109
............................................................................... 109
.......................................................... 111
........................................................................... 111
............................................................................................ 112
.................................................................................. 113
............................................................. 114
Unicode ................................................................................................. 117
............................................................................................... 118
........................................................................................ 129
........................................................ 141
.................................................................................... 146
.......................................................... 146

................................................... 153
3. GDI. , , ......................... 159

.................................................................................................... 159
........................................ 159
............................................................................... 161
.............................................................................. 166
....................................................................................................... 174
- ........................................................... 175
- ............................................................... 193
DIB- ........................................................................................... 200
........................................................... 202
............................................................................................... 206
............................................................................ 207
................................................................ 210
4. .......................................................... 213
................................................................................................ 213
.......................................................................................... 214
.............................................................................. 215
........................................................................ 215
........................................................................ 217
................................................................................ 219
....................................................... 220
........................................................................................................ 225
, ...................................................... 226
................................................................................. 226
................................................................. 227
................................................ 227
...................................................................................... 228
................................................................ 234
................. 237
5. Windows- ................................ 242

.................................................................................. 243
............................................................................................. 243
................ 246
.................................................... 250
.............................. 251
................................................. 252
.................................................................................................... 256
..................................................................................... 260
, .................................................... 263
................................................................... 263
........................................................... 264
.......................................................................................... 268
6. ....................................... 272
........................................................................ 272
.............................................................................. 273
................................................................................... 274
............................................................ 273
............................................................................ 275
......................................................................... 275
, ............................................ 276
........................................................... 276
....................................................................................... 276
......................................................................... 277
......................................................................... 278
........................................................................................ 279
i- .......................... 279
................................... 280
....................................................... 280
..................................................................... 281
CheckMenuItem ....................................................................... 282
CheckMenuRadioItem .............................................................. 282
EnableMenuItem ...................................................................... 283
ModifyMenu ............................................................................. 283
.......................................... 284
....................................................................................... 284
MenuDemo1 ........................................................................... 286
...................................................................... 293
........................................... 293
...................................................................................... 293
.......................................................................................... 293
MenuDemo2 ...................................................................... 294
...................................................................................... 299
............................................ 299
..................................................................... 300
....................................................... 301
.......................................... 301
MenuDemo3 ...................................................................... 302
7. ....................................................... 304
.............................................................................. 304
................................................. 305
................................................... 307
.................................................................... 307
.................................................................. 308
.................................................................................... 308
............................ 309
.......................................... 311
........................................ 312
..................... 314
......................... 316
......................................... 320
........................................... 323
.................................................................................................. 323
Owner draw ............................................................................... 325
................................................................................................. 331
.................................................................................... 333
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, .. 334
.... 340
........................................................................... 341
.................................................................................................. 344
..................................................................... 356
................................................................................. 366
........... 366
............................. 367
........................................................................................ 372
...................................................... 374
8. .......... 379
.................................................................................. 380
.................................................................. 380
......................... 382
.............................. 383
10
............................................................................. 384
........................................................ 385
........................................................................... 385
.................................................................................... 406
KWnd KWndEx ................................................. 408
................................................................................. 413
.................................................................... 423
............................................................................. 423
............................................................................................. 428
................................................................ 435
............................................................................... 435
9. ....................................................... 441
............................................................................................ 441
.................................................................................... 443
.............................................................................. 444
.......................... 445
............................................................................ 447
CreateProcess ................................................. 447
........................................................................... 448
........................................... 449
................................................................................ 451
CreateThread ........................................................................... 451
Sleep ...................................................................................... 452
................................................... 452
..................... 456
.......................................................................................... 459
Interlocked- ............................ 459
............................................................................. 460
Wait- ........................................................................................ 461
................................................................................................ 464
............................................................................................. 466
............................................................................................. 467
........................................................... 469
. ........................ 470
, ............................................... 472
.. 472
11
- ...................................................................... 473
WM_COPYDATA ....................... 474
ServerApp ......................................................................... 475
ClientApp .......................................................................... 479
.......................................................... 483
? ................................................ 484
10. ..................................................... 486

Windows .......................................................................................... 486
....................................................................................... 487
................................................. 488
...................... 488
RDTSC ............................................................ 489
...................................... 497
Sleep .............................................................. 498
uDelay KTimer ........................................ 501
QTimer ........................................................................................ 502
................................................................................. 504
......................... 504
.......................... 508
........................................................................... 509
timeSetEvent timeKillEvent .................................................... 509
............................................. 511
11. DLL ........ 515

DLL ..................................................... 514
DLL ........................................................................ 517
DLL .............................................................................. 519
DLL ............................................................................. 519
DLL ............................................................................... 521
DLL ..................................................................... 523
DLL .......................................................................... 525
/ .............................................................................. 527
(TLS) ................................................................. 529
TLS ................................................................................ 531
TLS ................................................................................... 538
12
12. ..................................... 539

.................................................................................................. 539
................................................ 539
.......................................................................... 543
................................................................. 547
............ 547
....................................... 548
1. Visual C++ 6.0 ....... 563

IDE. .................................................................. 563
..................................................................... 565
................................. 566
...................................................................... 568
, .................................. 568
......................................................................... 569
..................................................... 569
,
...................................................... 569
........................................................... 570
............................................................................ 570
....................................................... 574
2. Visual Studio.NET .... 577

.......................................................................... 578
......................................................... 580
, ........................................................... 582
................................................................. 583
3. Spy++ ............................. 584

.................................................................. 587
........................................................... 588

API Application Programming Interface (
). API
, (),
.
Win32 API ,
Microsoft Windows 98, Windows NT Windows 2000.
32, .
Windows
,
MSDN,
. , ,
, .
,

.

Windows C/C++ Win32 API.
.
, Windows
. ,
, , .

DLL. : ,
. C/C++

Windows.

, , MFC (Microsoft Foundation
Classes) Windows Forms.
, MFC, Windows Forms,
Windows API.
Win32 API
Windows. , ,
MFC Windows Forms,
,
14
. , , Win32
API,
.
,
. , MFC Windows Forms
,
.
(,
),
Win32 API.
:
, Windows
(Charles Petzold) [1], (Jeffrey
Richter) [5] (Feng Juan) [6];
;
Windows

, .
, ,
Win32 API. ,
2006 . ,
DLL.

.
, , ,
, C++,
Windows.
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, .
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.
:)

C/C++ Win32 API. ,
.
Win32 API,
.

Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional Microsoft Visual Studio
6.0. Windows 98, Windows NT/2000
15
Windows XP. Visual

Studio 6.0, ,
1.
Microsoft Visual Studio.NET,
,
2.

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.
, ,
,
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MFC.

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,
, .

Windows. ,
Windows.
, ,
,
shupak@mail.ru.

,
comp@piter.com ( , ).
!
, , http://
www.piter.com/download.

: http://www.piter.com.
16
1. Hello, World!, Windows
Hello, World!,

Windows
, ,
Windows. , ,
Microsoft Word
Microsoft Office. ,
, Windows. ,
,

Windows.

Windows
MSDOS ,
. :
;

Graphical User Interface1 (GUI)
.
,
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Windows , .

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Windows
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Windows .
Windows (process).
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() (thread),
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COM,
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18
, , ,
. (top
level window)1, (child windows).
(parent windows). 1.1
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Windows
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DLL (dynamic link libraries). Windows
DLL.
Windows, ,
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Windows. Win32 API 32
.

Windows
. , Windows,
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Win32 API, (Graphics De
vice Interface, GDI).
GDI
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(, LineTo )
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Win32 API, .
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Windows.
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,
, SDK (Software Development
Kit ) / DDK (Driver Development Kit
).
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DLL
Win32 API ,
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. windows.h.
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Win32 API
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Windows
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(DLL) .dll.
SYSTEM
Windows.

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Win32 API.
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handle1. .

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Win32
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Windows .
#define #typedef Win32.
. 1.1
Windows.
1
21
1.1. Win32

BOOL
( bool)
BYTE
(8- )
DWORD
32-
HANDLE
HBITMAP
( )
HBRUSH
HCURSOR
HDC
HFONT
HICON
()
HINSTANCE
HMENU
HPEN
HWND
INT
32-
LONG
32-
LPARAM
, lParam,
LPCSTR
C-1
LPCTSTR
LPCWSTR, UNICODE, LPCSTR
LPCWSTR
Unicode-2
LPSTR
C-
LPTSTR
LPWSTR, UNICODE, LPSTR
LPWSTR
Unicode-
LRESULT
LONG,
NULL
((void*) 0)
TCHAR
Wchar_t (Unicode-), UNICODE, char
UINT
32-
WPARAM
, wParam,
,

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CALLBACK.
:
LRESULT CALLBACK _(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
23
LRESULT (. . 1.1),
hWnd , , uMsg ,
wParam lParam .
, WndProc.

switch,
.
Windows
.
#define winuser.h.
.
(window messages),
WM_, : WM_PAINT, WM_SIZE, WM_MOVE
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CreateWindow,
.

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BUTTON. ,
,
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.
Windows
, .
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24
Windows C++ , ,
MFC. ,
Windows - .
, ?
.

Windows
. WinMain.
,

.
? , ,
, Windows
. GetMessage.
WM_QUIT, ,
.
WM_QUIT,
DispatchMessage, Windows.
Windows
, Windows .
Windows ,
DispatchMessage, .
, , , ...

Windows

Microsoft Visual C++ 6.0, , ,
1, ,
, ,
.
OK! ?.. .
Win32 Application HelloFromMsgBox.
HelloFromMsgBox.cpp
:
#include <windows.h>
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance,
LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow)
{
MessageBox(NULL, "Hello, Win32 world!", "Hello from Message Box", MB_OK);
return 0;
}
Windows
25
. ,
.
, . ,
. 1.2.
. 1.2. HelloFromMsgBox
?
Hello, Win32 world!. . ,
. . OK. .
.
, .
, ?..
,
WinMain?
.
:
Windows
.
WinMain:
main DOS UNIX,

.
int :
HINSTANCE hInstance , Windows
.
HINSTANCE hPrevInstance Win32

1.
LPSTR lpCmdLine ,
, .
, Norton Commander.
, ,
.
EXE. (
EXE),
.

, Object.
Windows 3.x,
.
26
int nCmdShow ,
ShowWindow. .
WINAPI ,
Win32 .
, ,
WinMain .
, .
MessageBox, , ,
.
?
?.. :
MessageBox.
,
MessageBox, MSDN1.

F1.
MessageBox .
MessageBox, , ,
. ,
.
2:
int MessageBox(HWND hWnd, LPCTSTR lpText, LPCTSTR lpCaption, UINT uType);

:
hWnd . NULL,
.
lpText , .
lpCaption ,
.
uType ,
, .
MessageBox
7. ,
,
.
, Windows. ,
MessageBox,
, .
Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) ,

Microsoft. MSDN (MSDN Library),
Microsoft Visual Studio 6.0,
, Win32 API.
MSDN MSDN.
( ) ,
.
Windows
27
,
, Windows.
, ,
.
, , ! , ,
WinMain . .
MessageBox. .
Windows, ,
,
Microsoft (Charles Simonyi).
, ,
. .
, ,
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nMyVariable .
. 1.2.
1.2.
b
by
c
dw
fn
h
i
l
lp
lpsz
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p
pfn
psz
pv
sz
u
v
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x
BOOL
BYTE
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DWORD
INT
LONG

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short int

,
void
,
UINT
void
WORD
, x
, y
, , ,
, lpText uType. ,
,
. ,

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.
28
Windows,
, Win32
:
(screen coordinates);
(window coordinates);
(client coordinates).
. 1.3 ,
.
. 1.3. Windows

, .
,
.
.
.
, Move (),
Size (), Minimize (), Maximize (), Close ().
,
.
,
, .
29
Hello, World!
.
.
.
, Windows
. .
Hello, World!
Win32
:
WinMain ,
;
WndProc ,
.
Windows
:
WinMain ( )
{
;
;
{
;
Windows ;
}
;
}
WndProc ( )
{
;
;
}
, ,
Hello, World!. ,
1.1, Hello1.cpp.
1.1. Hello1
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Hello1.cpp
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM);
//====================================================================
int WINAPI WinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int
nCmdShow)
{
HWND hMainWnd;
char szClassName[] = "MyClass";
30
1.1 ()
MSG msg;
WNDCLASSEX wc;
//
wc.cbSize
= sizeof(wc);
wc.style
= CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wc.lpfnWndProc
= WndProc;
wc.cbClsExtra
= 0;
wc.cbWndExtra
= 0;
wc.hInstance
= hInstance;
wc.hIcon
= LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
wc.hCursor
= LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wc.lpszClassName = szClassName;
wc.hIconSm
= LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
//
if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) {
MessageBox(NULL, "Cannot register class", "Error", MB_OK);
return 0;
}
//
hMainWnd = CreateWindow(
szClassName, "A Hello1 Application", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0,
(HWND)NULL, (HMENU)NULL,
(HINSTANCE)hInstance, NULL
);
if (!hMainWnd) {
MessageBox(NULL, "Cannot create main window", "Error", MB_OK);
return 0;
}
//
ShowWindow(hMainWnd, nCmdShow);
// UpdateWindow(hMainWnd); // . " "
//
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
TranslateMessage(&msg);
DispatchMessage(&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT rect;
switch (uMsg)
Hello, World!
31
{
case WM_PAINT:
hDC = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
GetClientRect(hWnd, &rect);
DrawText(hDC, "Hello, World!", -1, &rect,
DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER );
EndPaint(hWnd, &ps);
break;
case WM_CLOSE:
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Hello1, .
,
. 1.4.
. 1.4. Hello1
. Hello1
, .

Hello1.cpp : WinMain WndProc. WinMain
. WndProc
32
. ,
, ,
.
Hello1.cpp WndProc
Windows. WinMain
WndProc ( wc.lpfnWndProc),
WndProc ,
WinMain.
,
. Windows.
,
, CS_HREDRAW, IDI_APPLICATION, IDC_ARROW,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT. .
, .
. 1.3.
1.3.
CS_
CW_
DT_
IDC_
IDI_
()
WM_
WS_
,
Windows. . 1.1.

WinMain
. WNDCLASSEX,
RegisterClassEx.
WNDCLASSEX :
typedef struct tagWNDCLASSEX {
UINT cbSize;
//
UINT style;
//
WNDPROC lpfnWndProc;
// ( )
int cbClsExtra;
// ,
//
int cbWndExtra;
// ,
//
HINSTANCE hInstance;
// ,
//
HICON hIcon;
//
HCURSOR hCursor;
//
HBRUSH hbrBackground; // ,
//
Hello, World!
33
LPCTSTR lpszMenuName;
// , ,
//
LPCTSTR lpszClassName; // ,
HICON hIconSm;
//
} WNDCLASSEX;
,
.
LP lp (long pointer), 16- Windows, 16- 32-
. Win 32 API 32 .
lpfn (long pointer to a function). cb
(counter of bytes). hbr (handle
to a brush).
WNDCLASSEX.
, cbSize, .
, style,
, . 1.41.
1.4.
CS_GLOBALCLASS
, .
DLL
CS_HREDRAW
CS_NOCLOSE
Close
CS_OWNDC
CS_VREDRAW
Windows ,
CS_, 32 ,
. , CS_VREDRAW
0x0001, CS_HREDRAW 0x0002.
(bit flags).
C++.

CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW. ,
,
. A Hello1
Application, ,
.
.
, lpfnWndProc, (
WndProc).
1
. . MSDN.
34
46 1.
, hIcon, ,
. (: , )
, Windows
. hIcon LoadIcon,
:
HICON LoadIcon(HINSTANCE hInstance, LPCTSTR lpIconName);
, lpIconName,
, hInstance2.
()
, NULL.
,
IDI_ ( ID for icon).
. 1.5.
1.5.
IDI_APPLICATION
IDI_ASTERISK
IDI_ERROR
IDI_EXCLAMATION
IDI_HAND
IDI_INFORMATION
IDI_QUESTION
IDI_WARNING

, IDI_INFORMATION
.
, IDI_WARNING
, IDI_ERROR
i,
?
!,
IDI_WINLOGO
Windows
hCursor ,
. hCursor
LoadCursor, :
HCURSOR LoadCursor(HINSTANCE hInstance, LPCTSTR lpCursorName);
, (lpCursorName), , (hInstance)3.
(
) , NULL.
. 1.6.
1.6.
IDC_APPSTARTING
IDC_ARROW
cbClsExtra cbWndExtra .
5.
5.
Hello, World!
35
IDC_CROSS
IDC_HELP
IDC_IBEAM
IDC_NO
IDC_SIZEALL
IDC_SIZENESW
, - -
IDC_SIZENS
IDC_SIZENWSE
, - -
IDC_SIZEWE
IDC_UPARROW
IDC_WAIT
, hbrBackground, ,
. (brush)
,
, . Windows
. GetStockObject
WHITE_BRUSH .
HGDIOBJ, HBRUSH.
, lpszMenuName, , ,
.
, NULL.
lpszClassName , .
lpClassName CreateWindow.
, hIconSm, ,
,
. 16 16 .
NULL, , hIcon,
.
, .
, RegisterClassEx.
1 RegisterClass Windows.
RegisterClass,
WNDCLASS ( WNDCLASSEX).

,
. CreateWindow,
:
HWND CreateWindow(
LPCTSTR lpClassName,
LPCTSTR lpWindowName,
DWORD dwStyle,
int x,
1
//
//
//
//
Ex, extended .
36

int y,
int nWidth,
int nHeight,
HWND hWndParent,
HMENU hMenu,
HINSTANCE hInstance,
LPVOID lParam
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
// ,
//WM_CREATE
);
, , Create
Window ,
, ,
Windows.
, lpClassName, ,
. ,
RegisterClassEx RegisterClass,
, . 1.7.
1.7.
BUTTON
, , ,
, LISTBOX
EDIT.
LISTBOX
( ),
,
.
, MDI-
Rich Edit 1.0.
EDIT

Rich Edit 2.0 3.01.
RICHEDIT

.

BS_
COMBOBOX
EDIT
LISTBOX
MDICLIENT
RICHEDIT
RICHEDIT_CLASS
SCROLLBAR
STATIC
CBS_
ES_
LBS_
ES_
ES_
SBS_
SS_
, lpWindowName, ,
. . ,
(. . 1.3),
BUTTON .
1
Windows, .
Hello, World!
37
, dwStyle, ,
, . 1.8.
.
,
. ,
. 1.71.
1.8.

WS_BORDER
WS_CAPTION
WS_THICKFRAME
WS_VISIBLE

, (
WS_BORDER)
.
WS_POPUP
,

, , .

( )

,

,

.

WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU,
WS_THICKFRAME, WS_MINIMIZEBOX WS_MAXIMIZEBOX
.
WS_CHILD
WS_BORDER, WS_POPUP WS_SYSMENU.
,
WS_CAPTION

, ,
TAB
,
,
WS_VSCROLL
WS_CHILD
WS_CLIPCHILDREN
WS_CLIPSIBLINGS
WS_DLGFRAME
WS_GROUP
WS_HSCROLL
WS_MAXIMIZE
WS_MAXIMIZEBOX
WS_MINIMIZE
WS_MINIMIZEBOX
WS_OVERLAPPED
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW
WS_POPUP
WS_POPUPWINDOW
WS_SYSMENU
WS_TABSTOP

WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW.
, , ,
1
.
MSDN.
38
,
, .
, x,
. x y ,

.
x , CW_USEDEFAULT.
Windows x y . ,
,
.
, y, .
x CW_USEDEFAULT, y .
, nWidth, .
CW_USEDEFAULT, nWidth nHight
.
, nHight, . nWidth
CW_USEDEFAULT, nHight .
, hWndParent,
NULL, .
, ,
, .
, hMenu,
. .
, ( lpszMenuName WNDCLASSEX), hMenu NULL.
, hMenu
,
. , ,
WM_COMMAND, .
, hInstance,
, WinMain.
, lParam,
NULL.
,
WM_CREATE.
, CreateWindow . ,
. ,
NULL.
,
MessageBox.
CreateWindowEx
CreateWindow
CreateWindowEx, :
HWND CreateWindowEx(DWORD dwExStyle, LPCTSTR lpClassName,
LPCTSTR lpWindowName, DWORD dwStyle,
int x, int y, int nWidth,
Hello, World!
39
int nHeight, HWND hWndParent, HMENU hMenu, HINSTANCE hInstance,

LPVOID lParam);
, , ,
CreateWindow. , dwExStyle, ,
, dwStyle.
, ,
. 1.9.
MSDN.
1.9.
WS_EX_ACCEPTFILES
WS_EX_CLIENTEDGE
WS_EX_CONTROLPARENT

Tab
WS_EX_MDICHILD
WS_EX_STATICEDGE
.
,
WS_EX_TOOLWINDOW
WS_EX_TRANSPARENT
. ,
, WM_PAINT
,
WS_EX_WINDOWEDGE
CreateWindowEx , CreateWindow,
,
Windows.
1.

ShowWindow,
:
BOOL ShowWindow(HWND hWnd, int nCmdShow);
,
, .

,
nCmdShow WinMain.
,
. 1.102.
1
7,
8.
. . MSDN.
40
1.10. nCmdShow ShowWindow
SW_HIDE
SW_MAXIMIZE
SW_MINIMIZE
SW_SHOW
SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE
, Win32 API,
MSDN ShowWindow UpdateWindow, WM_PAINT,
. , . , ShowWindow
WM_SIZE WM_MOVE, WM_SIZE, WM_PAINT. UpdateWindow .

.
. Windows (message queue)
, .
Windows ,
.
, ,
(message loop):
while (GetMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0))
}
return msg.wParam;
msg MSG,
Windows :
typedef struct tagMSG
HWND
hwnd;
UINT
message;
WPARAM wParam;
LPARAM lParam;
DWORD
time;
POINT
pt;
{
// ,
// ()
// wParam
// lParam
//
// ( )
//
} MSG;
wParam lParam .
POINT :
Hello, World!
41
typedef struct tagPoint {

LONG x;
LONG y;
} POINT;

GetMessage, :
BOOL GetMessage(LPMSG lpMsg, HWND hWnd, UINT wMsgFilterMin, UINT wMsgFilterMax)
lpMsg MSG,
.
hWnd , .
NULL,
.
wMsgFilterMin
. .
wMsgFilterMax
.
, .
GetMessage TRUE
, WM_QUIT. WM_QUIT,
FALSE.
, ,
msg.wParam.
?
:
TranslateMessage DispatchMessage.
, TranslateMessage ,
. ,

Windows
.
, : WM_KEYDOWN
, WM_KEYUP
. WM_KEYDOWN
1 .
TranslateMessage , WM_KEYDOWN WM_KEYUP,
WM_CHAR, (wParam)
TCHAR2. WM_CHAR ,
GetMessage .
, DispatchMessage msg Windows.
Windows. Windows
,
.
, .
TCHAR char, UNICODE .

wchar_t (Unicode).
42
,
, . WndProc
( ),
,
, Windows ( DLL).
Windows
, DispatchMessage, while,
.
,
, WM_QUIT.
.

(window
procedure). ,
, , .
:
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)

MSG. ,
. .
Win32 0 1024.
,
.
WndProc ,
lpfnWndProc wc.
MyClass.
hMainWnd CreateWindow.
hWnd hMainWnd.

(, , ),
hWnd ,
.
switch ,
.
, . ,
,
DefWindowProc. ,
DefWindowProc.
, ,
. Hello1
: WM_PAINT, WM_CLOSE WM_DESTROY.
WM_PAINT
WM_PAINT Win
dows. ,
Hello, World!
43
(invalid) .
WM_PAINT ,
,
Hello1.
?
, ,
. .
,
, CS_HREDRAW |
CS_VREDRAW style . .
Hello1,
, , Windows
. .
, ,
, Windows
. .
, .
, ,
,
WM_PAINT. ,
, ShowWindow.
WM_SIZE WM_MOVE,
WM_SIZE, WM_PAINT.
,
.
WM_PAINT
BeginPaint:
,
, ps PAINTSTRUCT.
, BeginPaint,
1.

.
(device context)
, .
Windows .
,
, ,
, , , .
, hDC
.
,
BeginPaint.
1
PAINTSTRUCT 2.
44
, BeginPaint, Windows
, 1.
, hbrBackground
WNDCLASSEX.
, BeginPaint
(valid), .
WM_PAINT ,
, .
BeginPaint
GetClientRect,
:
rect RECT.
RECT, (rectangle),
Windows :
typedef
LONG
LONG
LONG
LONG
} RECT;
struct tagRECT {
left;
top;
right;
bottom;
(left, top)
(right, bottom) .
GetClientRect left top
, right bottom
. ,
rect, DrawText.
Hello, World!
DrawText, :
BOOL DrawText(
HDC hdc,
LPCTSTR lpString,
int nCount,
LPRECT lpRect,
UINT uFormat
);
//
//
//
//
//
2 lpString ,
RECT, ,
uFormat. nCount.
nCount 1, lpString
.
, .
DT_SINGLELINE |
DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER,
1
ps.
DrawText.
2.
Hello, World!
45
Windows. , ,
,
. Hello, World!
.
(,
), WndProc WM_PAINT.
, GetClientRect
.

WM_PAINT
EndPaint.
,
, . , ,
. ,
, .

SetTextColor
(text color) . SetBkColor
(background color),
, .
(background mix mode), SetBkMode.
OPAQUE1,
,
. TRANSPARENT2,
,
.
,
, . 1.11.
1.11.
OPAQUE
Hello1.
WM_CLOSE WM_DESTROY
WM_CLOSE ,
Alt+F4. ,
: , DefWindowProc
DestroyWindow.
,
1
46
?, .
, WM_DESTROY .
DestroyWindow, ,
. WM_DESTROY.
, WM_DESTROY ,
.
.
WM_DESTROY,
,
. PostQuitMessage,
WM_QUIT.
WM_QUIT, .
: Hello1
Hello, World!.
, ?.. ,
.
Hello, World!
Hello, World! Windows
. ,
: ,
WinMain, Hello1.cpp1,
.
, ,
, C++.
,
? ,
? , .
. KWnd,
, ,
, .
[9],
: .h,
.cpp. ,
, 1.22.
1.2. Hello2
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// KWnd.h
class KWnd {
, 1.
Hello, World!
47
public:
KWnd(LPCTSTR windowName, HINSTANCE hInst, int cmdShow,
LRESULT (WINAPI *pWndProc)(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM),
LPCTSTR menuName = NULL,
int x = CW_USEDEFAULT, int y = 0,
int width = CW_USEDEFAULT, int height = 0,
UINT classStyle = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW,
DWORD windowStyle = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW,
HWND hParent = NULL);
HWND GetHWnd() { return hWnd; }
protected:
HWND hWnd;
WNDCLASSEX wc;
};
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// KWnd.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
KWnd::KWnd(LPCTSTR windowName, HINSTANCE hInst, int cmdShow,
LRESULT (WINAPI *pWndProc)(HWND,UINT,WPARAM,LPARAM),
LPCTSTR menuName, int x, int y, int width, int height,
UINT classStyle, DWORD windowStyle, HWND hParent)
{
char szClassName[] = "KWndClass";
wc.cbSize
wc.style
wc.lpfnWndProc
wc.cbClsExtra
wc.cbWndExtra
wc.hInstance
wc.hIcon
wc.hCursor
wc.hbrBackground
wc.lpszMenuName
wc.lpszClassName
wc.hIconSm
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
sizeof(wc);
classStyle;
pWndProc;
0;
0;
hInst;
LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
(HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
menuName;
szClassName;
LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
//
if (!RegisterClassEx(&wc)) {
char msg[100] = "Cannot register class: ";
strcat(msg, szClassName);
MessageBox(NULL, msg, "Error", MB_OK);
return;
}
//
hWnd = CreateWindow(szClassName, windowName, windowStyle,
x, y, width, height, hParent, (HMENU)NULL, hInst, NULL);
if (!hWnd) {
char text[100] = "Cannot create window: ";
strcat(text, windowName);
MessageBox(NULL, text, "Error", MB_OK);
return;
48
1.2 ()
}
//
ShowWindow(hWnd, cmdShow);
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Hello2.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
//====================================================================
nCmdShow)
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("A Hello2 application", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT rect;
int userReply;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_PAINT:
DrawText(hDC, "Hello, World!", -1, &rect,
DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER );
break;
case WM_CLOSE:
userReply = MessageBox(hWnd, " ?",
"", MB_YESNO | MB_ICONQUESTION);
if (IDYES == userReply)
DestroyWindow(hWnd);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
49

}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
:
KWnd 12 .
,
.
,
LRESULT.
WINAPI __stdcall.
, ,
KWnd.
WinMain mainWnd KWnd,

.
WM_CLOSE
. MessageBox
.
MB_YESNO : YES NO.
YES IDYES,
DestroyWindow.
( Hello2),
.
mainWnd. ,
KWnd mainWnd("Hello application", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);

KWnd mainWnd("Hello application", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc, NULL, 50,
100, 200, 150);
.
Hello, World! .
KWnd
.
KWnd, KWnd.h
KWnd.cpp, #include "KWnd.h" , .

Win32 API ,
, . . 1.12
.
50
1.12.
BringWindowToTop
CloseWindow
EnableWindow
FindWindow
GetActiveWindow
GetClassInfo
WNDCLASS
GetClassLong

WNDCLASSEX
GetClientRect
GetFocus
GetParent
GetWindow
GetWindowInfo
WINDOWINFO
GetWindowLong
GetWindowRect
IsChild
IsIconic
IsZoomed
IsWindowEnabled
MoveWindow
SetActiveWindow
SetClassLong
32- WNDCLASSEX ,
SetFocus
SetWindowLong
(
CreateWindow)
SetWindowPos
SetWindowText
ShowWindow
UpdateWindow

WM_PAINT ,

. 1.13 ,
.
51
1.13.
WM_CLOSE
, .

,
DestroyWindow. ( WM_CLOSE ) DefWindowProc DestroyWindow
WM_COMMAND
WM_CREATE
, CreateWindow
CreateWindowEx. ,
, . ,
, , .

. 1, , CreateWindow
NULL
WM_DESTROY
WM_INITDIALOG
1 , . ,

WM_MOVE
WM_PAINT
WM_SIZE
WM_TIMER
, ,
SetTimer,

, , KWnd,
: SetClassLong
SetWindowLong.
SetClassLong,
WNDCLASSEX. ,
RegisterClassEx
.
SetClassLong :
DWORD SetClassLong(
HWND hWnd,
//
int nIndex,
// ,
LONG dwNewLong
//
);
7.
52
nIndex ( ) 1 ,
, , . 1.14.
1.14. nIndex SetClassLong
GCL_HBRBACKGROUND
GCL_HCURSOR
GCL_HICON
GCL_HICONSM
GCL_MENUNAME
GCL_STYLE
GCL_WNDPROC
Hello2,
.
WndProc, switch,
:
case WM_CREATE:
SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND,
(LONG) CreateSolidBrush(RGB(200,160,255)));
break;
,
2.

:
SetBkMode(hDC, TRANSPARENT);
Windows
,
.
Windows
, .
UpdateWindow (. . 1.12) ,
Windows WM_PAINT
, .
. ,
, Windows.
1
, cbClsExtra.
CreateSolidBrush (RGB (200, 160, 255)) ,

: (200), (160)
(255). .
CreateSolidBrush 2.
Windows
53

, Windows
.
.
, Windows
.
. ,
,
(WM_KEYDOWN WM_KEYUP), (WM_MOUSEMOVE)
(WM_LBUTTONDOWN). ,
(WM_TIMER),
(WM_PAINT) (WM_QUIT).
,
PostMessage.
, , .

. ,
DefWindowProc, Windows ,
. ,
SendMessage.
, (reentrant
program). , Windows WndProc
, DefWindowProc WndProc
.
,
.
, ,
Hello1. ,
Windows WM_SYSCOMMAND
WndProc.
DefWindowProc. DefWindowProc ,
WM_CLOSE .
DestroyWindow.
, DefWindowProc ,
DestroyWindow. DestroyWindow
Windows WM_DESTROY. ,
WndProc, , PostQuitMessage,
WM_QUIT
. WM_QUIT WinMain,
.
.
,
. , ,
, ,
,
.
54

.
,
.
SendMessage

. :
LRESULT SendMessage(
HWND hWnd,
//
UINT Msg,
//
WPARAM wParam, //
LPARAM lParam
//
);
, , .
SendMessage, Windows, ,
hWnd, .
,
Windows , SendMessage.
, ,
,
.
HWND_BROADCAST,
,
.
wParam lParam ,
.
MSDN ,
, WM_PAINT, WM_TIMER, WM_SETFONT
.
SendNotifyMessage
SendNotifyMessage , SendMessage.
, , ,
SendNotifyMessage
SendMessage.
, .
, , ,
SendNotifyMessage
,
.
PostMessage
PostMessage .
, SendMessage.
SendMessage, PostMessage
, , hWnd.
Windows
55
, ,
.

, ,
,
.
. Hello1
GetClientRect.
WM_SIZE.
lParam
, . ,
WndProc:
int width, height;
WM_SIZE,
:
case WM_SIZE:
width = LOWORD(lParam);
height = HIWORD(lParam);
return 0;
LOWORD HIWORD ,
Windows; ,
32 .
GetClientRect
WM_PAINT :
rect.left = 0;
rect.top = 0;
rect.right = width;
rect.bottom = height;
,
.
, WndProc
.
. width height
(static), .
switch, static!
.

Win32 API
. ,
56
hInstance WinMain
.
hInstance WinMain,
, ,
hInstance? .
(, C++)

HINSTANCE hInst;
WinMain hInstance. ,
.
hInst .
GetClassLong:
hInst = (HINSTANCE)GetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HMODULE);
GetModuleHandle:
hInst = GetModuleHandle(NULL);

,
, .
Windows ,
,
,
.
.
. .
. ,
(, Play)
:
void OnPlay() {
while (!fReadData.eof()) {
fReadData.read(buf, 512);
DoSomething();
// -
}
}
fReadData ifstream. while

fReadData 512
DoSomething. ,
5 , DoSomething 10 .
5335040 / 512 = 10420 , OnPlay
105 .
.
,
.
, Windows ,
. Win32 API
Windows
57
PeekMessage.
GetMessage:
BOOL PeekMessage(
LPMSG lpMsg,
HWND hWnd,
UINT wMsgFilterMin,
UINT wMsgFilterMax,
UINT wRemoveMsg
);
//
//
//
//
//
,
. ,
, .
wRemoveMsg :
PM_NOREMOVE ;
PM_REMOVE .
, OnPlay, PeekMessage,
:
void OnPlay(HWND hWnd) {

MSG message;
while (!fReadData.eof()) {
fReadData.read(buf, 512);
//
if (PeekMessage(&message, hWnd, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE)) {
TranslateMessage(&message);
DispatchMessage(&message);
}
DoSomething();
// -
}
}
PeekMessage ,
, .
ProgressBar,
8.
Spy++
,
Windows .
Visual Studio 6
Spy++.
:
ToolsSpy++.
Spy++ 3.
58
2. GDI
GDI
.
,
,
(graphics device interface (GDI))

Win32 API,
, . Windows
.
GDI, GDI
,
(. 2.1). GDI gdi32.dll,
.
Windows,
.
. 2.1. , GDI
59

GDI
.
(device context) ,

, , .
:
(pen) .
(brush) .
(bitmap) .
(palette) .
(font) .
(region) .
(
),
. ,
Windows
.
GDI, ,
.
,
GDI. GDI
,
.
.
Hello1 DrawText,
,
, ,
,
. , , ,
, ,
.
,
GDI, .

Win32 API :
;
( );
60
2. GDI
, .
, WM_PAINT
Hello1 ( 1). WM_PAINT ,
.
, ,
Windows , ,
,
.
Windows.
Windows
. , ,
, .
,
.
,
1.
Win32 GDI.
(update region), , ,
(invalid region) ,
.
(visible region) ,
. ,
, ,
, .
(clipping region) ,
.
BeginPaint,
.

SetWindowRgn, SelectClipPath SelectClipRgn.
CreateWindow
WS_CLIPCHILDREN WS_CLIPSIBLINGS,
,
.
.

. . Windows
, ( )
.
1

Windows [6].
61

WM_PAINT.
BeginPaint, :
HDC BeginPaint(
HWND hwnd,
LPPAINTSTRUCT lPaint
);
//
// PAINTSTRUCT

.
PAINTSTRUCT,
:
typedef struct tagPAINTSTRUCT {
HDC hdc;
//
BOOL fErase; //
RECT rcPaint; //
BOOL fRestore;
BOOL fIncUpdate;
BYTE rgbReserved[32];
} PAINTSTRUCT;
.
rcPaint RECT
.
,
InvalidateRect.
.
fErase , Windows
. fErase TRUE, ()
. InvalidateRect
InvalidateRgn,
.
, BeginPaint
WM_ERASEBKGND. ,
.
DefWindowProc,
, hbrBackground .
, BeginPaint NULL,
, , .
WM_PAINT ,
.
BeginPaint
WM_NCPAINT.
,
. ,
DefWindowProc.
WM_PAINT :
case WM_PAINT:
[ GDI ]
return 0;
62
2. GDI

EndPaint, .

WM_PAINT .

WM_ PAINT, . , ,
, (,
GetTextMetrics),
WM_PAINT.
GetDC:
hdc = GetDC(hWnd);
GetWindowDC:
hdc = GetWindowDC(hWnd);

hWnd, . hWnd
NULL,
.
GDI
ReleaseDC, :
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
[ GDI ]
ReleaseDC(hWnd, hDC);
, , ,
BeginPaint, , GetDC,
, . ,
,
, .
BeginPaint, GetDC
.

,
, , .

WM_PAINT. ,
,
WM_PAINT.
. Win32
API ,
1.
1
,
16 Windows
32 .
63

, BeginPaint, GetDC, GetWindowDC, (common),
(private) ,
( style WNDCLASS).

,
.
,
, .
Windows
.
.
.
,
, .

CS_OWNDC style
WNDCLASS .

.
,
.
,
.

,
(CAD), ,
.
WM_PAINT
, WM_PAINT.
,
. ,
:
;

, ;
.
,
WM_PAINT , InvalidateRect, InvalidateRgn
UpdateWindow.
UpdateWindow WM_PAINT
, .
WM_PAINT
,
64
2. GDI
Windows. ,
, , ,
.
, WM_PAINT. ,
: ,
.
InvalidateRect InvalidateRgn
WM_PAINT
,
InvalidateRect InvalidateRgn.
InvalidateRect :
BOOL IvalidateRect(HWND hWnd, CONST RECT* lpRect, BOOL bErase);
:
hWnd , .
NULL,
, WM_ERASEBKGND WM_NCPAINT
.
lpRect RECT,
, .
NULL,
.
bErase , , .
TRUE, ,
BeginPaint. FALSE, .
. ,
. TRUE,
FALSE,
. ,
. ,
rcUpdate,
, NULL.
InvalidateRgn :
BOOL InvalidateRgn(HWND hWnd, HRGN hRgn, BOOL bErase);
, , ,
. hRgn ,
.
CreateRectRgn, CreatePolygonRgn ,
.
, InvalidateRect, InvalidateRgn
, .
, hWnd WM_PAINT.

,
WM_PAINT DefWindowProc.
:
65
case WM_PAINT:
return 0; // !!!
, , , Windows
WM_PAINT .
BeginPaint,
. Windows WM_PAINT.
, .

, CreateDC.
, , ,
.
,
. ,
DeleteDC.
( )

, .
,
.
, .
( )
.
, :
HDC CreateCompatibleDC (HDC hdc);
hdc
, .
NULL, ,
.
,
.
, .
,
.
, (bitmap)
. SelectObject
CreateCompatibleBitmap.

: , ,
.
,
, DeleteDC.
3.
66
2. GDI

,
, .

GDI.
GDI .
,
.
,
,
,
,
.

3.

.
, ,
, ,
GDI.
CreateIC,
:
HDC CreateIC(
LPCTSTR lpszDriver,
LPCTSTR lpszDevice,
LPCTSTR lpszOutput,
CONST DEVMODE* lpDvm
);
//
//
//
//

DEVMODE
Win32
NULL.
DEVMODE,
.
,
, DeleteDC.

,
.
.
(x, y). x , y
. .
67

(screen coordinates),
. RECT,
.
(window coordinates),
(client coordinates) (. . 1.3).
Win32 GDI,
,
MSDN.
.

, , ,
.
.
Win32 GDI
, ,
, .
(world space)
, .
(page space)
,
, .
.
(device space)
. ,

.
(physical device space)

.
.

, SetWorldTransform.

. . 2.2
, SetWorldTransform.
. 2.2.
68
2. GDI

. .
X , Y .
227 227 .

1.
. , GetWindowRect
.
, WM_NCMOUSEMOVE.

.
, ,
. ,
, .

GetDeviceCap.

(device coordinates)
.
.
, CreateDC, CreateIC Create
CompatibleDC,
.
, (
GetDC, GetWindowDC BeginPaint),
.
,
(0, 0), X , Y
. ,

GetDCOrgEx.
,
,

( ). Win32 API
:
BOOL ClientToScreen(HWND hWnd, LPOINT lpPoint);
BOOL ScreenToClient(HWND hWnd, LPOINT lpPoint);

.
, , WM_MOUSEMOVE WM_ LBUTTON DOWN.
1
. , .
69

.
,
.
, Win32
GDI
, .
, .
Win32 API
. ,
16 Windows
Win32 Windows 95/98. ,
, Windows NT/2000.
Windows
.

:
(window);
(viewport).
,
,
.

.

. ,
, .
.

.
(window)
:
xWO (xorigin).
yWO (yorigin).
xWE (xextent).
yWE (yextent).
(viewport)
:
xVO (xorigin).
yVO (yorigin).
xVE (xextent).
yVE (yextent).
70
2. GDI
(x, y) (x', y')

:
x' = (x xWO) xVE / xWE + xVO;
y' = (y yWO) yVE / yWE + yVO.

.
.
(0, 0, 1, 1). x' = x, y' = y,
.
. (0, 0, 1, 1),
(dx, dy, 1, 1). x' = x + dx, y' = y + dy.

(dx, dy).
. (0, 0, 1, 1),
(0, 0, mx, my). x' = x mx, y' = y my.

(mx, my).
. (0, 0, w, h),
(w, h, w, h). x' = w x, y' = h y.

.
,
.

.
Win32 API
:
BOOL SetWindowOrgEx (
HDC hdc,
//
int X,
//
int Y,
//
LPPOINT lpPoint //
//
);
BOOL SetWindowExtEx (
HDC hdc,
//
int nXExtent,
//
int nYExtent,
//
LPSIZE lpSize
//
//
);

x-
y-
POINT

X
Y
SIZE

, ,
. ,
.
:
BOOL SetViewportOrgEx (
HDC hdc,
//
71

int X,
// X-
int Y,
// Y-
LPPOINT lpPoint //
);
BOOL SetViewportExtEx
HDC hdc,
//
int nXExtent,
//
int nYExtent,
//
LPSIZE lpSize
//
);
(

X
Y

NULL, .
SetWindowOrgEx SetViewportOrgEx
. ,
(0, 0) 1.
, ,
(0, 0) . ,
! ,
.

2.3.
Win32 API
, (mapping modes).

.

. ,
,
.
:
int SetMapMode (HDC hDC, int iMapMode);
iMapMode
, . 2.1.
2.1.

MM_TEXT
MM_LOMETRIC
0,1
MM_HIMETRIC
0,01
MM_LOENGLISH
0,01
MM_HIENGLISH
0,001
MM_TWIPS
1 / 1440
MM_ISOTROPIC
(x == y)
MM_ANISOTROPIC
(x != y)
, (0, 0)
.
72
2. GDI
SetMapMode ,
MM_TEXT.
,

.
, , , ,
. ,
SetPixel
1 .
CreatePen nWidth .
.

( 2.3).

,
Win16 GDI API:
,
.
API. ,
Y. ,
X , .
.
,
. ,
GDI .
Windows NT/2000
.
32 ,
.

, Windows NT/2000,
.
, .
,
2 3. Win32 API
XFORM:
typedef struct _XFORM {
FLOAT eM11;
FLOAT eM12;
FLOAT eM21;
FLOAT eM22;
FLOAT eDx;
FLOAT eDy;
} XFORM;
73
, ,
(x, y) (x', y') :
x' = eM11 x + eM21 y + eDx;
y' = eM12 x + eM22 y + eDy.
:
. (1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0).
x' = x, y' = y.
. (1, 0, 0, 1, dx, dy).

x' = x + dx, y' = y + dy.
. (mx, 0, 0, my, 0, 0).

x' = mx x, y' = my y.
. (1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0).
x' = x, y' = y.
. (cos(), sin(), sin(), cos(), 0, 0).

x' = cos() x sin() y y' = sin() x + cos() y.
. (1, s, 0, 1, 0, 0)1.
x' = x + s y y' = y.
.

.
Win32 API
(Windows NT/2000)

. 16
GDI. ,
.

SetGraphicsMode
(hDC, GM_ADVANCED).

, .
,
SetGraphicsMode(hDC, GM_COMPATIBLE).
, SaveDC RestoreDC.

.
:
BOOL SetWorldTransform(HDC hDC, CONST XFORM* lpXform);
BOOL ModifyWorldTransform(HDC hDC, CONST XFORM* lpXform, DWORD iMode);
SetWorldTransform
, XFORM.
1
x , y.
74
2. GDI
ModifyWorldTransform iMode
:
MTW_IDENTIFY ;
MTW_LEFTMULTIPLY
lpXform ;
MTW_RIGHTMULTIPLY
lpXform .

GetWorldTransform.
12.

. GetDeviceCaps,

, :
int GetDeviceCaps(HDC hdc, int nIndex);
nIndex . 2.21.
2.2. nIndex
DRIVERVERSION
TECHNOLOGY
(DT_PLOTTER, DT_RASDISPLAY, DT_RASPRINTER

)
HORZSIZE
VERTSIZE
HORZRES
VERTRES
LOGPIXELSX
LOGPIXELSY
BITSPIXEL
PLANES
NUMBRUSHES
NUMPENS
NUMFONTS
NUMCOLORS
CLIPCAPS
SIZEPALETTE
. MSDN.
75
COLORRES
PHYSICALWIDTH
( )
PHYSICALHEIGHT
( )
PHYSICALOFFSETX
PHYSICALOFFSETY
RASTERCAPS
.
: RC_BITBLT
; RC_BITMAP64
,
64 ; RC_DEVBITS ; RC_NONE
; RC_PALETTE ,
; RC_SCALING ;
RC_STRETCHBLT StretchBlt;
RC_STRETCHDIB StretchDiBIts
CURVECAPS
.
: CC_CHORD
; CC_CIRCLES
; CC_ELLIPSWS ;
CC_INTERIORS ;
CC_NONE
LINECAPS
.
: LC_STYLED
; LC_WIDE
; LC_POLYLINE
; LC_INTERIORS ;
LC_NONE
POLYGONALCAPS
.
:
PC_STYLED ;
PC_WIDE ; PC_POLYGON
; PC_INTERIORS
; PC_NONE
TEXTCAPS
.
: TC_CR_90
90; TC_CR_ANY
; TC_EA_DOUBLE
; TC_IA_ABLE
; TC_RA_ABLE
; TC_VA_ABLE
, 1
,
, WM_CREATE:
HDC hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
int logPixelY = GetDeviceCaps(hdc, LOGPIXELY);
// logPixelY ...
ReleaseDC(hwnd, hdc);
76
2. GDI
.

.
, .
,
.
, ,
, , , ,
. 0 (
) 255 ( ).
.
,
RGB, : Red (
), Green ( ) Blue (
).
.
, CMYK,
, ,
.
,
.
HLS.
HLS
HLS (Hue),
(Lightness) (Saturation).
0 360.
, 60 , 120 , 180 , 240
, 300 .
.
. ,
, .
, ,
. ,
.
.
RGB
Windows RGB
, .

COLORREF, .
: 0 RGB, 1 PALETTEINDEX, 2 PALETTERGB.
RGB . 2.3.
77
. 2.3. COLORREF, RGB
(0) .
(255) .
RGB, 224
, 16,7 .
Win32 API ,
RGB 32 COLORREF , ,
COLORREF RGB.
, wingdi.h,
(inline) :
COLORREF RGB(BYTE byRed, BYTE byGreen, BYTE byBlue);
BYTE GetRValue(COLORREF rgb);
BYTE GetGValue(COLORREF rgb);
BYTE GetBValue(COLORREF rgb);
RGB
, :
const
const
const
const
const
const
const
const
COLORREF
COLORREF
COLORREF
COLORREF
COLORREF
COLORREF
COLORREF
COLORREF
black
red
green
blue
yellow
magenta
cyan
white
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
RGB(0, 0, 0);
RGB(255, 0, 0);
RGB(0, 255, 0);
RGB(0, 0, 255);
RGB(255, 255, 0);
RGB(255, 0, 255);
RGB(0, 255, 255);
RGB(255, 255, 255);
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
//
RGB(0x0, 0x0, 0x0);

RGB(0xFF, 0x0, 0x0);
RGB(0x0, 0xFF, 0x0);
RGB(0x0, 0x0, 0xFF);
RGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0x0);
RGB(0xFF, 0x0, 0xFF);
RGB(0x0, 0xFF, 0xFF);
RGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF);

, 16 777 216
RGB COLORREF. ,
, 256 .
.
3.
COLORREF, .
Win32 API PALETTEINDEX PALETTERGB,
COLORREF.
. 2.4.
. 2.4. COLORREF, PALETTEINDEX PALETTERGB
78
2. GDI

:
COLORREF GetPixel(HDC hdc, int X, int Y);
BOOL SetPixelV(HDC hdc, int X, int Y, COLORREF color);
COLORREF SetPixel(HDC hdc, int X, int Y, COLORREF color);
X Y .
color, ,
RGB1.
GetPixel
.
SetPixelV SetPixel
, .
, , .
,
, 1.
, , SetPixelV SetPixel
.
NtGdiSetPixel, , ,
:
;
COLORREF ;
DrvBitBlt;
.
[6] ,
1000 .
, GetPixel 6000
.
, ,
.
12.
,

,
,
.
, RGB
PALETTERGB.
79
.

. SetPixel(hDC, x,
y, color), x y color.
SetPixel .
, , ,
.
Windows
.
S ( ) D (
).
(, SetPixel)
f(D, S),
:
D = f(D, S).
, , GDI
.
, , ,
. Windows ,
, (raster operation
(ROP)). ,
(binary raster operation (ROP2)).
MSDN
P,
:
D = f(D, P).
, . 2.3,
,
SetPixel.
2.3.
P:
D:
1100
1010
ROP2
0000
0001
0010
D=0
D = ~(D | P)
D = D & ~P
R2_BLACK
R2_NOTMERGEPEN
R2_MASKNOTPEN
0011
0100
D = ~P
D = P & ~D
R2_NOTCOPYPEN
R2_MASKPENNOT
0101
0110
D = ~D
D=D^P
R2_NOT
R2_XORPEN
0111
1000
D = ~(D & P)
D=D&P
R2_NOTMASKPEN
R2_MASKPEN
0 ( )
R2_MERGEPEN

R2_MASKPEN

80
2. GDI
2.3 ()
P:
D:
1100
1010
ROP2
1001
1010
1011
D = ~(D ^ P)
D=D
D = D | ~P
R2_NOTXORPEN
R2_NOP
R2_MERGENOTPEN
1100
1101
D=P
D = P | ~D
R2_COPYPEN
R2_MERGEPENNOT
1110
1111
D=P|D
D=1
R2_MERGEPEN
R2_WHITE
R2_XORPEN

( )

1 ( )
GDI ,
(drawing mode). ROP2.
SetROP2:
int SetROP2(HDC hdc, int fnDrawMode);
fnDrawMode ROP2,
. 2.3. .
GetROP2.
R2_COPYPEN,
.
,
RGB,
RGB.
,
. ,
(RGB(0xFF, 0, 0)) R2_XORPEN,
(RGB(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF))
(cyan),
RGB(0, 0xFF, 0xFF). ,
,
.
R2_XORPEN .

, .
.
R2_BLACK ,
R2_WHITE . R2_NOTCOPYPEN
. R2_NOP ,
.
R2_XORPEN R2_NOTXORPEN

. , ,
.
,
.
R2_XORPEN R2_NOTXORPEN
,
81
.
.

GDI :
(foreground) (background). ,
, 1 , ,
2 .
,
.
,
.

. (background color)
,
SetBkColor.
.
,
, , .
.
Hello1 .
.
,
,
(background mix mode)3.
OPAQUE4.
, Windows ( background
color) . ,
.
SetBkMode, TRANSPARENT5.
, ,
GetBkMode.

, GDI ,
.
1
(glyph) .
82
2. GDI
, , , , .

:
1. .
2. .
3. , .
4. , .
5. .
GDI Create,
.

SelectObject ( SelectPalette).
SelectObject :
HGDIOBJ SelectObject(
HDC hdc,
//
HGDIOBJ hgdiobj
// GDI-
);
hgdiobj
hdc.
.

( 3)
( 4).
, , Delete
Object.
, GDI
Create.
() ,
(, , . .) ,
GetStockObject.

DeleteObject.
.

,
SetPixel x y. ,
, , ,
.

,
, . Win32 GDI
.
83

Windows ,
.
1 .
.

.
POINT.
(0, 0). ,
MoveToEx:
BOOL MoveToEx(
HDC hdc,
int X,
int Y,
LPPOINT lpPoint
);
//
//
//
//

x-
y-

,
NULL.
.
,
GetCurrentPositionEx(hDC, &pt);
pt POINT.

LineTo:
BOOL LineTo(
HDC hdc,
//
int xEnd, // x-
int yEnd
// y-
);
, ,
, (xEnd, yEnd), .
.
, ,
(xEnd, yEnd).
,
. , ,
, ,
, :
{
POINT pt[5] = {{100,100}, {200,100}, {200,200},
{100,200}, {100,100}};
MoveToEx(hDC, pt[0].x, pt[0].y, NULL);
for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
LineTo(hDC, pt[i].x, pt[i].y);
}
84
2. GDI
Hello2 ( 1)
DrawText, , .

switch.
( )

Polyline:
BOOL Polyline(HDC hdc, CONST POINT* lppt, int cPoints);
,
.
:
{
POINT pt[5] = {{100,100}, {200,100}, {200,200},
{100,200}, {100,100}};
Polyline(hDC, pt, 5);
}
, ,
Polyline .
PolylineTo
:
BOOL PolylineTo(HDC hdc, CONST POINT* lppt, DWORD cPoints);

. ,
Polyline :
MoveToEx(hDC, pt[0].x, pt[0].y, NULL);
PolylineTo(hDC, pt + 1, 4);
PolyPolyline
. :
BOOL PolyPolyline(
HDC hdc,
CONST POINT* lppt,
CONST DWORD* lpPolyPoints,
DWORD cCount
);
//
//
//
//
Windows .
.
.
(xLeft, yTop) (xRight, yBottom),
(x0, y0), x0 = xLeft + (xRight xLeft)/2, y0 = yTop + (yBottom yTop)/2.
Arc, ArcTo AngleArc.
,
Arc:
85
BOOL Arc(HDC hdc, int xLeft, int yTop, int xRight, int yBottom,
int xStart, int yStart, int xEnd, int yEnd);

. ,
(xStart, yStart)
(xEnd, yEnd). ,
(xStart, yStart).
,
(xEnd, yEnd). .
Windows 95/98 . Windows NT/2000

, GetArcDirection
SetArcDirection.
SetArcDirection, :
AD_COUNTERCLOCKWISE,
, AD_CLOCKWISE, .
AD_ COUNTERCLOCKWISE.
. 2.5 ,
Arc(hDC, 100, 100, 400, 300, 350, 50, 50, 300);
. 2.5. , Arc (
)
Arc
SetArcDirection(hDC, AD_CLOCKWISE);
Arc , . 2.6.
Arc .
ArcTo Arc ,
,
.
.
AngleArc, Windows NT/2000,
,
:
BOOL AngleArc(HDC hdc, int X, int Y, DWORD radius, FLOAT startAngle,
FLOAT sweepAngle);
86
2. GDI
. 2.6. , Arc ( )
X Y , radius . ,
, . ,
.
startAngle ,
sweepAngle . ,
, .
sweepAngle ,
.
AngleArc, ArcTo,
,
.

, , Windows
, .
( ) ,
p1, p2, p3 p4. p1
, p4 . p2, p3
,
, , p1 p4.
2.7.
. 2.7.
87
.
(P.Bezier)
. ,
.
Win32 GDI ,
:
BOOL PolyBezier(HDC hdc, CONST POINT* lppt, DWORD cPoints);
BOOL PolyBezierTo(HDC hdc, CONST POINT* lppt, DWORD cCount);
n PolyBezier lppt,
3n + 1 , cPoints
3n + 1. , lppt[0], lppt[1], lppt[2], lppt[3],
. lppt[3]
. . PolyBezier
.
PolyBezier, PolyBezierTo 3n lppt,
cCount 3n. ,
, , ,
.
, PolyBezier.
lppt.

[6].
,
(pen), .
, BLACK_PEN.
1
. ,
, , ,
!
Win32 GDI
.
.
,
.
, ,
.
GDI,
.
.
GDI HGDIOBJ;
HPEN (handle to a pen).
, HGDIOBJ Windows
void, HPEN
88
2. GDI
. , HPEN
HGDIOBJ, HGDIOBJ HPEN
.
, hPen :
HPEN hPen;
.
.
, GDI,
. , ,
DeleteObject1.

Win32 GDI ,
. 2.4.
2.4.

BLACK_PEN
WHITE_PEN
NULL_PEN
( )
DC_PEN
DC 1 .
.

SetDCPenColor
Windows 2000

GetStockObject, ,
:
hPen = (HPEN)GetStockObject(WHITE_PEN);
GetStockObject HGDIOBJ,
.
,
:
SelectObject(hDC, hPen);
, , WHITE_PEN
,
.
hPen,
GetStockObject SelectObject :
SelectObject(hDC, GetStockObject(WHITE_PEN));
89

, , :
HPEN hOldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hDC, GetStockObject(WHITE_PEN));
// ... WHITE_PEN
//
SelectObject(hDC, hOldPen);
DC, GetStockObject(DC_PEN),
GDI. GDI
. , ,
. GDI,
.
.
DC ,
.
SetDCPenColor, :
COLORREF SetDCPenColor(HDC hdc, COLORREF crColor);
crColor DC.
DC.
,
:
{
HGDIOBJ hOld = SelectObject(hDC, GetStockObject(DC_PEN));
for (int i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
SetDCPenColor(hDC, RGB(255-i, 128, i));
MoveToEx(hDC, 10, i+10, NULL);
LineTo(hDC, 266, i+10);
}
SelectObject(hDC, hOld);
}
Hello2 ( 1)
DrawText, 1.
, 2, .
, DC_PEN .
, (
#include <windows.h>) :
#define
_WIN32_WINNT
0x500

.
,
1

switch.
Visual C++ 6.0.
90
2. GDI
. CreatePen
CreatePenIndirect.
CreatePen :
HPEN CreatePen(int fnPenStyle, int nWidth, COLORREF crColor);
,
.
. 2.5.
2.5.
PS_SOLID
PS_DASH
nWidth <= 1
PS_DOT
nWidth <= 1
PS_DASHDOT
nWidth <= 1
PS_DASHDOTDOT
nWidth <= 1
PS_NULL
PS_INSIDEFRAME
nWidth > 1
. 2.8 , .
1 .
. 2.8.
CreatePen
. ,
MM_TEXT,
.
,
,
, .
,
. ,
.
, .
nWidth .
1 .
(PS_DASH, PS_DOT, PS_DASHDOT,
PS_DASHDOTDOT) , Windows
PS_SOLID. , ()
1 . ,
.
91
CreatePen
COLORREF. RGB,
PALETTERGB1. ,
, 24 RGB
, ,
. ( PALETTERGB) ,
, , ,
256 . Windows
RGB .
, ,
,
, . ,
PS_INSIDEFRAME, ,
. PS_INSIDEFRAME
. ,
nWidth , . ,
. 2.5 2.6 PS_INSIDEFRAME.
nWidth , PS_INSIDEFRAME
PS_SOLID.
CreatePen.
() 5
:
hPen = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 5, RGB(255, 0, 0));
,
. , nWidth
.
CreatePenIndirect:
HPEN CreatePenIndirect(CONST LOGPEN* lplgpn);
LOGPEN:
typedef struct tagLOGPEN
UINT
style; //
POINT
width; //
COLORREF color; //
} LOGPEN;
width POINT, Windows

width.x width.y.
, LOGPEN, :
LOGPEN logpen;
, :
logpen.style = PS_SOLID;
logpen.width.x = 10;
logpen.color = RGB(255, 0, 0);
CreatePenIndirect:
hPen = CreatePenIndirect(&logpen);
. . .
92
2. GDI
, CreatePenIndirect,
, , CreatePen.
, CreatePen CreatePenIndirect
. ,
, SelectObject.
.
, : 2,
5 .
:
static HPEN hPen1, hPen2, hPen3;
WM_CREATE:
hPen1 = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 2, RGB(255, 0, 0));
hPen2 = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 5, RGB(0, 255, 0));
hPen3 = CreatePen(PS_DASH, 1, RGB(0, 0, 255));
WM_PAINT
:
SelectObject(hDC, hPen1);
// ...
SelectObject(hDC, hPen2);
// ...
WM_DESTROY
:
DeleteObject(hPen1);
. . ,
WM_PAINT
EndPaint .
, ,
CreatePen SelectObject :
SelectObject(hDC, CreatePen(PS_DOT, 0, RGB(255, 255, 0)));

. , .
, ?
SelectObject ,
. ,
BLACK_PEN ,
SelectObject:
DeleteObject(SelectObject(hDC, GetStockObject(BLACK_PEN)));
.
, SelectObject:
hPen = SelectObject(hDC, CreatePen(PS_DOT, 0, RGB(255, 255, 0)));
SelectObject
, hPen BLACK_PEN.

:
DeleteObject(SelectObject(hDC, hPen));
93

, ,
. , 1
, ,
.
Win32 API
ExtCreatePen, :
HPEN ExtCreatePen(
DWORD dwPenStyle,
DWORD dwWidth,
CONST LOGBRUSH* lplb,
DWORD dwStyleCount,
CONST DWORD* lpStyle
);
//
//
//
//
//

lpStyle
,
dwPenStyle ,
, ,
. . 2.62.9.
2.6.

PS_COSMETIC
. 1
PS_GEOMETRIC
. 2.6 ,
.
2.7.

PS_ALTERNATE
Windows NT/2000

PS_SOLID
PS_DASH
Windows 95:
. Windows 98:

PS_DOT
Windows 95/98:

PS_DASHDOT
Windows 95:
. Windows 98:

PS_DASHDOTDOT
Windows 95:
. Windows 98:

PS_NULL
PS_INSIDEFRAME
PS_USERSTYLE
dwStyleCount lpStyle
Windows NT/2000
94
2. GDI
, PS_INSIDEFRAME, .
.
2.8. ,

PS_ENDCAP_ROUND
PS_ENDCAP_SQUARE
PS_ENDCAP_FLAT
2.9. ,

PS_JOIN_BEVEL
PS_JOIN_MITER
PS_JOIN_ROUND

1 .
Windows PS_SOLID.
PS_DASH, PS_DOT, PS_DASHDOT PS_DASHDOTDOT
, . ,
, ,
OPAQUE.
PS_ALTERNATE
, 1
1 .
PS_USERSTYLE
: dwStyleCount lpStyle.
,
, . .
.

, ,
, , .
.
, , 3
, MM_TEXT
1 .
, , .

.
,
, . 2.9.
,
, PS_ENDCAP_ROUND. ,
ExtCreatePen
95
. 2.8. . 2.10 , Z,
.
LineTo.
, . ,
, .
. 2.9. 10
. 2.10.
, LineTo
R2_XORPEN,
, . 2.11, .
Z , Polyline ( . 2.11
), .
.
lbStyle LOGBRUSH
BS_HATCHED, lbHatch HS_DIAGCROSS1.
. 2.11. R2_XORPEN
Polyline GDI,
.
, .
,
. 2.9.
PS_JOIN_ROUND. . 2.12
.
Polyline.
1
96
2. GDI
. 2.12. Polyline

.
, ,
Windows ,
. ,
, , (
) .
, .
, ,
, .
, ,
.
8 8 ,
. Windows
(dithering) ,
, .
, ,
64 .
,
.
Win32 GDI
. ,
.
.
, .
.
97
HBRUSH (handle to
a brush), :
HBRUSH hBrush;
.
. ,
SelectObject,
.
,
, DeleteObject.

.
.

, GDI, . 2.10.
2.10.

BLACK_BRUSH
DKGRAY_BRUSH
DC_BRUSH
GRAY_BRUSH
HOLLOW_BRUSH
LTGRAY_BRUSH
NULL_BRUSH

-
DC ; ;
SetDCBrushColor

( )
-
, HOLLOW_BRUSH
WHITE_BRUSH
, , , 8 8
. DC, Windows 2000,
GDI. DC, DC
.
SetDCBrushColor.
,
GetStockObject , . 2.10, :
hBrush = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject(GRAY_BRUSH);

,
. Windows
, : ,
.

CreateSolidBrush:
HBRUSH CreateSolidBrush(COLORREF crColor);
98
2. GDI
crColor
COLORREF. RGB PALETTERGB1.
,
, 24 RGB.
.
, .
Windows PALETTERGB
. ,
,
(dithering).
3 6.

CreateHatchBrush:
HBRUSH CreateHatchBrush(int fnStyle, COLORREF clrref);
fnStyle, ,
HS_HORIZONTAL, HS_VERTICAL, HS_BDIAGONAL, HS_FDIAGONAL, HS_CROSS HS_DIAGCROSS.
. 2.13 ,
64 64 ( ).
,
. 8 8
.
. 2.13.
. . 2.13
.
clrref,
,
SetBkColor.
, OPAQUE.
GDI
SetBrushOrgEx:
BOOL SetBrushOrgEx(HDC hdc, int nXOrg, int nYOrg, LPPOINT lppt);
(nXOrg, nYOrg), ,
.
. lppt
POINT, .
(0, 0).
1
. . .
99
, , 1
, . ,

,
SetBrushOrgEx(hDC, xLeft + 1, yTop + 1, NULL);
xLeft yTop .
,
.

( ) CreatePatternBrush:
HBRUSH CreatePatternBrush(HBITMAP hbmp);
hbmp GDI.
GDI (bitmap),
(DDB)1, ,

.
.
MS Paint 32 32 ,
, . 2.14.
Star.bmp.
. 2.14. , MS Paint
Hello2, ,
:
{
HBITMAP hBmp = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(NULL, "Star.bmp", IMAGE_BITMAP, 0,
0, LR_LOADFROMFILE);
HBRUSH hBrush = CreatePatternBrush(hBmp);
HBRUSH hOldBrush = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hDC, hBrush);
Rectangle(hDC, 32, 32, 288, 160);
DeleteObject(SelectObject(hDC, hOldBrush));
}
LoadImage
(DIB)2 Star.bmp,
GDI hBmp.
CreatePatternBrush, . hBrush
1
3.
3.
100
2. GDI

, Rectangle1.
Star.bmp,
Hello2.
, . 2.15.
. 2.15.
Windows 95/98
. 8 8
. 8 8
.
11.
LOGBRUSH CreateBrushIndirect
Win32 GDI CreateBrushIndirect,
:
HBRUSH CreateBrushIndirect(CONST LOGBRUSH* lplb);
lplb LOGBRUSH,
:
typedef struct tagLOGBRUSH {
UINT
lbStyle;
COLORREF lbColor;
LONG
lbHatch;
} LOGBRUSH;
lbStyle ,
. 2.11.
2.11. lbStyle
BS_SOLID
BS_HATCHED
BS_HOLLOW
BS_NULL
BS_PATTERN

( )
, BS_HOLLOW
,

, BS_PATTERN
, -
(DIB device-independent bitmap),
lbHatch
BS_PATTERN8X8
BS_DIBPATTERN
, , .
101
BS_DIBPATTERN8X8
, BS_DIBPATTERN
BS_DIBPATTERNPT
, -
(DIB). lbHatch DIB
lbColor .
lbStyle . 2.12.
2.12. lbColor
lbStyle
lbColor
BS_HOLLOW BS_PATTERN
BS_HATCHED BS_SOLID
COLORREF
BS_DIBPATTERN BS_DIBPATTERNPT
lbColor
DIB_PAL_COLORS DIB_RGB_COLORS.
, bmiColors,
BITMAPINFO, 16-
, ,
bmiColors RGB-
lbHatch .
lbStyle . 2.13.
2.13. lbHatch
lbStyle
lbHatch
BS_SOLID BS_HOLLOW
BS_PATTERN
GDI (bitmap)
BS_HATCHED
HS_HORIZONTAL, HS_VERTICAL,
HS_BDIAGONAL, HS_FDIAGONAL, HS_CROSS, HS_DIAGCROSS
BS_DIBPATTERN
DIB-
BS_DIBPATTERNPT
DIB-
LOGBRUSH ,
. , . 2.11
.

, Windows
, , ,
.
.
Windows
.
102
2. GDI
, ,
. Win32 API

,
.

1,
:
typedef
LONG
LONG
LONG
LONG
} RECT;
struct tagRECT {
left;
top;
right;
bottom;
(left, top)
(right, bottom) .
, :
RECT rect;
rect
:
rect.left = x_left;
rect.top = y_top;
rect.right = x_right;
rect.bottom = y_bottom;
SetRect, :
BOOL SetRect(LPRECT lprc, int xLeft, int yTop, int xRight, int yBottom);
:
SetRect(&rect, x_left, y_top, x_right, y_bottom);
Win32 API
RECT. . 2.14 .
2.14. RECT
SetRect(&rect, xLeft, yTop, xRight, yBottom);
OffsetRect(&rect, dX, dY);
X
dX Y dY
InflateRect(&rect, dX, dY);
SetRectEmpty(&rect);
rect
CopyRect(&DestRect, &SrcRect);
IntersectRect(&DestRect, &SrcRect1, &SrcRect2);

UnionRect(&DestRect, &SrcRect1, &SrcRect2);
bEmpty = IsRectEmpty(&rect);
bInRect = PtInRect(&rect, point);
, point
rect
103

Rectangle, FillRect,
FrameRect, InvertRect DrawFocusRect.
Rectangle
Rectangle :
BOOL Rectangle(HDC hdc, int xLeft, int yTop, int xRight, int yBottom);
, .
xLeft yTop , xRight yBottom
. .

.
MSDN , xLeft < xRight
yTo p < yBottom, ,
,
, Windows
.
,
:
, (GM_COMPATIBLE)
(GM_ADVANCED);
( ).
2.16 Rectangle
.
. 2.16. Rectangle
,
, , (GRAY_BRUSH),
.
, ,
1, ,
(xRight 1, yBottom 1).
1
. .
104
2. GDI
, , .
,
,
(xRight, yBottom).
PS_NULL,
.
,
. nWidth ,
, (nWidth 1)/2
. ,
nWidth (nWidth 1)
?

.
,
PS_INSIDEFRAME. .
.
, .

, .
FillRect
FillRect :
BOOL FillRect(HDC hdc, CONST RECT* lprc, HBRUSH hbr);
, RECT,
lprc. ,
hbr.

(lprc.right 1, lprc.bottom 1),
.
:
,
;

.
FrameRect
FrameRect :
BOOL FrameRect(HDC hdc, CONST RECT* lprc, HBRUSH hbr);
lprc hbr.
.
, , .
.
, ,
, .
105
FrameRect,
1.
InvertRect
InvertRect :
BOOL InvertRect(HDC hdc, CONST RECT* lprc);
.
,
. ,
, RGB .
InvertRect
.
DrawFocusRect
DrawFocusRect :
BOOL DrawFocusRect(HDC hdc, CONST RECT* lprc);
FrameRect,

.
.
Win32 API,
. , DrawFocusRect
,
. ,
DrawFocusRect.
DrawFocusRect
.
,
,

Win32 GDI ,
,
.
Ellipse,
:
BOOL Ellipse(HDC hdc, int xLeft, int yTop, int xRight, int yBottom);
,
xLeft, yTop, xRight, yBottom.

Ellipse.
1
. PS_ALTERNATE .
106
2. GDI

Arc. ,
, .
Chord:
BOOL Chord(HDC hdc, int xLeft, int yTop, int xRight, int yBottom,
, Arc.
(xStart, yStart)
(xEnd, yEnd). , ,
, Arc. . 2.17
Chord.
. 2.17. Chord
, ,
.
Pie, :
BOOL Pie(HDC hdc, int xLeft, int yTop, int xRight, int yBottom,
, Arc.
,
Arc. . 2.18 Pie.

RoundRect,
:
BOOL RoundRect(HDC hdc, int xLeft, int yTop, int xRight, int yBottom,
int roundWidth, int roundHeight);
,
.
Rectangle.
, ,
. 2.19.
107
. 2.18. Pie
. 2.19. , RoundRect
roundWidth roundHeight ,
RoundRect . roundWidth xRight xLeft
roundHeight yBottom yTop, RoundRect
.
.
Polygon:
BOOL Polygon(HDC hdc, CONST POINT* lpPoints, int nCount);
Polyline.
,
. Polyline, Polygon
. Polygon,
Polyline, .

.
, , , ,
108
2. GDI
.
. Win32 GDI
: ALTERNATE WINDING.
, ,
SetPolyFillMode.
ALTERNATE. . 2.20
.
. 2.20. , :
ALTERNATE; WINDING
ALTERNATE
:
1.
.
2.
.
3.
, .
, . 2.21.
WINDING

:
1.
.
2. count
.
3.
.
, count
, , .
4. count ,
, .
, . 2.21.

PolyPolygon:
BOOL PolyPolygon(HDC hdc, CONST POINT* lpPoints, CONST int* lpPolyCounts,
int nCount);

. .
109

.
. 2.21.
: ALTERNATE; WINDING
,
.
. ,
.
.

.
, .
. ,
, , , GDI.
,
HRGN. ,
DeleteObject.
, .

.
:
HRGN hRgn;
:
hRgn = CreateRectRgn(xLeft, yTop, xRight, yBottom);
hRgn = CreateRectRgnIndirect(&rect);
, :
hRgn = CreateEllipticRgn(xLeft, yTop, xRight, yBottom);
hRgn = CreateEllipticRgnIndirect(&rect);
110
2. GDI

:
hRgn = CreateRoundRectRgn(xLeft, yTop, xRight, yBottom, roundWidth,
roundHeight);
Polygon:
hRgn = CreatePolygonRgn(point, iCount, iPolyFillMode);
point POINT. iCount

, iPolyFillMode ALTERNATE
WINDING.
,
CreatePolyPolygonRgn:
hRgn = CreatePolyPolygon(point, polyCounts, iCount, iPolyFillMode);
PolyPolygon.

,
.
. 2.15 , .
2.15.
BOOL PtInRegion(HRGN hrgn, int X, int Y);
, (X, Y)
hrgn
BOOL RectInRegion(HRGN hrgn, CONST RECT *lprc); ,
lprc hrgn
BOOL EqualRgn(HRGN hRgn1, HRGN hRgn2);
, hRgn1
hRgn2
int GetRgnBox(HRGN hrgn, LPRECT lprc);
lprc

int CombineRgn(HRGN hrgnDest, HRGN hrgnSrc1,
, hrgnSrc1
HRGN hrgnSrc2, int fnCombineMode);
hrgnSrc2,
fnCombineMode.
hrgnDest
int OffsetRgn(HRGN hrgn, int nXOffset, int nYOffset); hrgn
nXOffset X nYOffset
Y
DWORD GetRegionData(HRGN hRgn,
lpRgnData
DWORD dwCount, LPRGNDATA lpRgnData);
RGNDATA ,
hRgn
HRGN ExtCreateRegion(CONST XFORM *lpXform,
RGNDATA
DWORD nCount, CONST RGNDATA *lpRgnData);
,
XFORM
.
PtInRegion
,
. ,
, PtInRegion
WM_MOUSEMOVE .
111
OffsetRgn
. ,
,
, .
CombineRgn
, .
, hrgnDest.
,
, hrgnDest, ,
. fnCombineMode
, , . 2.16.
2.16. , CombineRgn
fnCombineMode
RGN_AND
RGN_OR
RGN_XOR
RGN_DIFF
hrgnSrc1, hrgnSrc2
RGN_COPY
hrgnSrc1
, hrgnSrc1 hrgnDest
, hrgnSrc1.
CombineRgn
.
. 2.17.
2.17. , CombineRgn
NULLREGION
SIMPLEREGION
COMPLEXREGION
ERROR
(
)

, hrgn,
, . 2.18.

.

, . ,
GDI (
, ),
.
, .
,
112
2. GDI
.
, ,
.
CombineRgn.
2.18.
BOOL FillRgn(HDC hdc, HRGN hrgn, HBRUSH hbr);
hbr
BOOL PaintRgn(HDC hdc, HRGN hrgn);
BOOL FrameRgn(HDC hdc, HRGN hrgn,

HBRUSH hbr, int nWidth, int nHeight);
hbr.
nWidth,

nHeight
BOOL InvertRgn(HDC hdc, HRGN hrgn);

(
InvertRect)

. , Windows
, :
( ) ,
.
, InvalidateRect
InvalidateRgn.
,
.
.
, .
,

. ,
, SetWindowRgn SelectClipRgn.
,
.

SetWindowRgn .
, Windows .
:
int SetWindowRgn(
HWND hWnd,
//
HRGN hRgn,
//
BOOL bRedraw
//
);
113
,
.

.

hRgn,
,
.
SelectClipRgn:
SelectClipRgn(hDC, hRgn);
GDI
. SelectClipRgn hRgn
.
,
SelectClipRgn NULL:
SelectClipRgn(hDC, NULL);
,
, .
,
,
, (. 12).
2.2
12.

1
(. 1.1). DrawText.
, , ,

, (. 2.19).
2.19. ,
SYSTEM_FONT
SelectObject
SetTextColor
SetBkColor
OPAQUE
SetBkMode
MM_TEXT
SetMapMode
,
GDI. ,
, SetTextColor. ,
114
2. GDI
SYSTEM_FONT ,
.
, ,
.

,

. (character set).

ASCII1. ASCII (. 2.22)
7 ,
27 = 128 .
. 2.22. ASCII
. 2.22
.
.
. , N 0x4E,
01001110 78.
32 ( 0x00 0x1F)
. ( 0x0D)2,
( 0x0A) 3.
( 0x20), ,
, .
( 0x7F) .
ASCII
8 , 256 .
128 ASCII.

IBM, IBM PC
80 .
,
. IBM
1
American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
, , Enter.
Windows .
115
, , BIOS.
,
Microsoft Windows, ,
, 0xB0
0xDF.
IBM,
(code pages). ,
, CP437 (code page 437).

. CP866 CP437 ,
,
. CP866
. 2.23.
. 2.23. CP866
Microsoft Windows
ASCII,
MSDOS,
. ANSI1, , ,
ISO2.
ANSI ,
,
. . 2.20.
. 2.24 Windows Latin1 (
1252), . 2.25 Windows Cyrillic (
1251).

, ,
1
ANSI American National Standards Institute.
ISO International Organization for Standardization.
116
2. GDI
, .
. ,
932 ( ), 949 ( ) 950 (
) .
2.20. ANSI

0 .. 127
128 .. 255
1250 (Windows Latin2)
ASCII
1251 (Windows Cyrillic)
ASCII
1252 (Windows Latin1)
ASCII
1253
ASCII
1254
ASCII
...
...
...
. 2.24. Windows Latin 1 (1252)
. 2.25. Windows Cyrillic (1251)
117
Win API,
,
EnumSystemCodePages.
Regional Settings ( )
Windows.
Unicode
, ,
, ,
.
Unicode. Unicode,
, Apple, HewlettPackard, IBM, Microsoft, Sun
. ,
65 536 . Unicode
.
Unicode . ,
0x0000 0x007F,
ASCII. 29 902
, , .
Windows ANSI
, Unicode. Win32 API,
, ANSI Unicode.

, ANSI, Unicode.
#define UNICODE,
Unicode, ANSI. ,

.
:
char TCHAR,
char* LPTSTR, const char* LPCTSTR.
TEXT,
"abcd" TEXT("abcd").
C, ,
.
, #define UNICODE,
, :
#ifdef UNICODE
#define sprintf swprintf
#define sscanf swscanf
#define strcpy wcscpy
#define strcat wcscat
#define strlen wcslen
#endif
ANSI,
.
118
2. GDI
, Windows,
:
(typeface) ,
.
Arial, Times New Roman, Courier New.
,
.
. Windows
(normal) , (italic), (bold),
(underline), (strike out).
, .
.
. .
. i
, m.
.
(glyph)
.
.
. 2.26 , ,
.
. 2.26.
Arial Times New Roman

, Courier New . ,
Times New Roman Courier New
, Arial .
, ,
(family). . 2.21.
2.21.
(
Windows)
Don't care
FF_DONTCARE
0x00

( )
Roman
FF_ROMAN
0x10

(), Times New Roman
Swiss
FF_SWISS
0x20
,
Arial
Modern
FF_MODERN
0x30

, Courier New
119
(
Windows)
Script
FF_SCRIPT
0x40
, Monotype
Corsiva
Decorative
FF_DECORATIVE
0x50
, Old English

Windows : GDI
(device fonts). GDI ,
.
. ,
.
GDI :
;
TrueType.

.
. ,
. , ,
.
,
, , ,
.
Windows.

, .
.
, ,
,
.
. , ,
.fon.
TrueType Windows 3.1
. TrueType
, Apple Computer Inc. Microsoft
Corporation.
. TrueType ,
. , Windows
, .
.
TrueType ,
, WYSIWYG (WhatYou
SeeIsWhatYouGet)1.
120
2. GDI
TrueType
, Windows .
.
,
, ,
,
.
.
TrueType .ttf.
Windows OpenType.
PostScript,
TrueType. OpenType .otf.
OpenType OpenType .
, TrueType,
.ttc.

,
, (system
font table),
. ,
,
EnumFontFamilies ChooseFont.
: AddFontResource
AddFontResourceEx.
. ,
.
,
Windows.
,
RemoveFontResource.
, ,
WM_FONTCHANGE.
, ,
.
[6].

.
, ,

.
(font embedding)
.
,
.
121

. TrueType/
OpenType GetOutlineTextMetrics
otmfsType OUTLINETEXTMETRIC.

Win32 GDI ,
. 2.27.
. 2.27.
.
.
.
tmHeight
.
tmAscent
.
tmDescent
.
tmInternalLeading
, .
tmExternalLeading
.
. 0,01389
(1/71,99424). 1/72 .

.
, ,
GetTextMetrics:
BOOL GetTextMetrics(HDC hdc, LPTEXTMETRIC lptm);
TEXTMETRIC
lptm. TEXTMETRIC :
typedef
LONG
LONG
LONG
LONG
struct tagTEXTMETRIC
tmHeight;
tmAscent;
tmDescent;
tmInternalLeading;
{
//
//
//
//
122
2. GDI
LONG
LONG
LONG
LONG
LONG
tmExternalLeading;
tmAveCharWidth;
tmMaxCharWidth;
tmWeight;
tmOverhang;
//
//
//
// ()
//
//
LONG tmDigitizedAspectX; //
LONG tmDigitizedAspectY; //
TCHAR tmFirstChar;
// ,
//
TCHAR tmLastChar;
// ,
TCHAR tmDefaultChar;
// ,
TCHAR tmBreakChar;
//
//
BYTE tmItalic;
//
BYTE tmUnderlined;
//
BYTE tmStruckOut;
//
BYTE tmPitchAndFamily;
// ,
BYTE tmCharSet;
//
} TEXTMETRIC;

(. . 2.27) , ,
.
tmWeight () .
0 1000, 400
, 700 .
tmOverhang ,
,
, . TrueType
, .
tmDigitizedAspectX tmDigitizedAspectY MSDN
(horizontal aspect of the device)
(vertical aspect of the device) ,
. , ,
GetDeviceCaps LOGPIXELSX LOGPIXELSY,
1
1 .
, tmDigitizedAspectY /
tmDigitizedAspectX, (aspect ratio).
tmDefaultChar .
, ,
, tmDefaultChar.
. 2.222.25 , Windows
.
tmBreakChar (0x20).
tmPitchAndFamily ,
. .
. 2.22.
.
Windows . 2.21.
123

2.22.
TMPF_FIXED_PITCH
0x01
, ,
. ,

TMPF_VECTOR
0x02
TMPF_TRUETYPE
0x04
, True Type
TMPF_DEVICE
0x08
tmCharSet .
, wingdi.h.
. 2.23.
2.23.
ANSI_CHARSET
DEFAULT_CHARSET
SYMBOL_CHARSET
SHIFTJIS_CHARSET
128
HANGUL_CHARSET
129
GB2312_CHARSET
134
CHINESEBIG5_CHARSET
136
GREEK_CHARSET
161
Windows NT/2000
TURKISH_CHARSET
162
Windows NT/2000
HEBREW_CHARSET
177
Windows NT/2000
ARABIC_CHARSET
178
Windows NT/2000
RUSSIAN_CHARSET
204
Windows NT/2000
EASTEUROPE_CHARSET
238
Windows NT/2000
OEM_CHARSET
255
GetTextMetrics,
TEXTMETRIC, :
TEXTMETRIC tm ;

GetTextMetrics:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd) ;
GetTextMetrics(hDC, &tm) ;

tm. :
ReleaseDC(hWnd, hDC) ;
. , 96 dpi1,
: ) Arial,
18 ; ) MM_TEXT,
, .
1
dpi dot per inch ( ).
124
2. GDI
GetTextMetrics tm
:
{18, 15, 3, 2, 1, 7, 43, 400, 0, 96, 96, 30, 255, 31, 32, 0, 0, 0, 39, 204}
, tmPitchAndFamily
, 39
0x27.

,
.
,
. .
GDI,
. GDI
, .
GDI
.
, HFONT.

SYSTEM_FONT,
,
. ,
, ,
ANSI.

OEM1.
() GetStockObject,
, . 2.24.
2.24.
OEM_FIXED_FONT
ANSI_FIXED_FONT
ANSI_VAR_FONT
SYSTEM_FONT
10
11
12
13
DEVICE_DEFAULT_FONT
14
SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT
16
DEFAULT_GUI_FONT
17
OEM
ANSI
ANSI
ANSI
, , , ,

,
ANSI .
(
Windows 3.0)

, (
Windows NT/2000)
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturers
125
,
SelectObject.
.

.
. GDI
CreateFont, CreateFontIndirect CreateFontIndirectEx.
CreateFontIndirectEx,
OpenType
Microsoft. MSDN.
CreateFont 14
, .
CreateFontIndirect.
LOGFONT, 14 .
:
HFONT CreateFontIndirect(CONST LOGFONT* lplf);
LOGFONT wingdi.h :
typedef struct tagLOGFONT
{
int lfHeight;
int lfWidth;
int lfEscapement;
int lfOrientation;
int lfWeight;
BYTE lfItalic;
BYTE lfUnderline;
BYTE lfStrikeOut;
BYTE lfCharSet;
BYTE lfOutPrecision;
BYTE lfClipPrecision;
BYTE lfQuality;
BYTE lfPitchAndFamily;
char lfFaceName[LF_FACESIZE];
} LOGFONT;
:
lfHeight .
, .
, tmHeight . 2.27.
, 12 (
).
, tmHeight tmInternalLeading.
lfWidth .
lfWidth ,

.
lfEscapement X
. .
126
2. GDI
lfOrientation X
. .
(GM_ADVANCED),
Windows NT/2000, lfEscapement
lfOrientation .
(GM_COMPATIBLE) lfEscapement ,
. MSDN
lfEscapement lfOrientation.
lfWeight () 0 1000.
, 400 , 700 .
. 2.25 ,
. FW_DONTCARE
.
2.25. 1
FW_DONTCARE
FW_THIN
100
FW_EXTRALIGHT
200
FW_ULTRALIGHT
200
FW_LIGHT
300
FW_NORMAL
400
FW_REGULAR
400
FW_MEDIUM
500
FW_SEMIBOLD
600
FW_DEMIBOLD
600
FW_BOLD
700
FW_EXTRABOLD
800
FW_ULTRABOLD
800
FW_HEAVY
900
FW_BLACK
900
lfItalic , TRUE.
lfUnderline .
lfStrikeOut .
lfCharSet . ,
. 2.23.
lfOutPrecision
. GDI
.
. 2.26.
, ,
FW_NORMAL, FW_REGULAR FW_BOLD.
127

2.26. lfOutPrecision
OUT_DEFAULT_PRECIS
OUT_TT_PRECIS
OUT_DEVICE_PRECIS
OUT_RASTER_PRECIS
OUT_TT_ONLY_PRECIS
OUT_OUTLINE_PRECIS
0
4
5
6
7
8

True Type

True Type
True Type

lfClipPrecision ,
. . 2.27,
. ,
, CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS.
2.27. lfClipPrecision
CLIP_DEFAULT_PRECIS
CLIP_LH_ANGLES
0
0x10
CLIP_EMBEDDED
0x80

,

( ).
,
,

,

lfQuality . ,
. 2.28. TrueType DRAFT_QUALITY
PROOF_QUALITY ,
.
2.28. lfQuality
DEFAULT_QUALITY
DRAFT_QUALITY
0
1
PROOF_QUALITY
NONANTIALIASED_QUALITY
ANTIALIASED_QUALITY
3
4

.
GDI ,

,

(antialiasing)
(antialiasing),

lfPitchAndFamily .
( ) ,
. 2.29, , . 2.21.
128
2. GDI
2.29. ,
DEFAULT_PITCH
0x0
FIXED_PITCH
0x1
VARIABLE_PITCH
0x2
fFaceName ,
. , ,
32 . ,
, EnumFontFamiliesEx.
fFaceName , GDI
, .
CreateFontIndirect
HFONT :
HFONT hFont;
LOGFONT:
LOGFONT lf;
,
. 0.
lf static:
static LOGFONT lf;

lf .
,
,
lf ChooseFont.
.
7 ( ).
lf , CreateFontIndirect:
hFont = CreateFontIndirect(&lf);
hFont
:
HFONT hOldFont = (HFONT)SelectObject(hDC, hFont);
,
, ,
hFont:
DeleteObject(SelectObject(hDC, hOldFont));
2.3.

, CreateFont CreateFontIndirect,
,
SelectObject.
,
SelectObject, (font mapping).
129
. GDI
, LOGFONT, ,
, .
,
. ,
.

, lfCharSet.
,
. lfOutPrecision.
.
lfFaceName, lfPitchAndFamily.
,
.
GDI , lfHeight, lfWidth,
lfItalic, lfUnderline, lfStrikeOut.

,

.
GetTextMetrics, ,
.
, :
int GetTextFace(HDC hDC, int nCount, LPTSTR lpFaceName);
.
, LOGFONT.

lpFaceName. ( )
nCount.
, ,
. . GetTextFace
, NULL.
.
GetTextCharSet(HDC hDC)
, .

, GetFontLanguageInfo,
GetTextCharSetInfo GetOutlineTextMetrics.
, .
MSDN [6].

Win32 GDI
.
, ,
, , .
130
2. GDI
, ,
,
.
.

TextOut
:
BOOL TextOut (
HDC hdc,
int nXStart,
int nYStart,
LPCTSTR lpString,
int cbString
);
//
//
//
//
//

x-
y-

lpString,
.
,
, .
lpString
, cbString.
.
.

, . ,
(reference point): (nXStart, nYStart)
. ,
( )
: .
SetTextAlign:
UINT SetTextAlign(HDC hdc, UINT fMode);
, 1
, . 2.30.
. 0x00
.
2.30.
TA_NOUPDATECP
0x00

(nXStart, nYStart).

TA_UPDATECP
0x01
131
TA_LEFT
0x00
TA_RIGHT
0x02
TA_CENTER
0x06
TA_TOP
0x00
TA_BOTTOM
0x08
TA_BASELINE
0x18
TA_RTLREADING
0x100
( )
TextOut 2.1,
.

, TextOut ,
\n \t. ,
( SYSTEM_FONT)
.

,
. Windows
TabbedTextOut GetTabbedTextExtent.
TabbedTextOut :
LONG TabbedTextOut(HDC hDC, int X, int Y, LPCTSTR lpString, int nCount,
int iNumTabs, CONST LPINT lpnTabStops, int xTabOrigin);
, TextOut.
, iNumTabs, .
, lpnTabStops, ,
.
.
NULL,
,
. ,
lpnTabStops ,
.
, xTabOrigin,
. ,
,
lpnTabStops .
\t, GDI
, . GDI
,
132
2. GDI
(
), . GDI
. .
. ,
, n
n .
lpnTabStops .
GDI ,
,
.
TabbedTextOut 32
, ,
. .
GetTabbedTextExtent ,
.

TabbedTextOut. , ,
:
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
int tabstop[] = { -130, 150, 250 };
int i;
const char* lines[] = {
"Group""\t" "Result" "\t" "Function"
"\t" "Parameters",
"Font" "\t" "HFONT"
"\t" "CreateFont" "\t" "(int nHeight, ...)",
"Text" "\t" "COLORREF""\t" "SetTextColor""\t" "(HDC hdc, ...)",
"Text" "\t" "BOOL"
"\t" "TextOut"
"\t" "(HDC hdc, ...)"
};
int x = 50, y = 50;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_PAINT:
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if (i == 1) y += 10;
y += HIWORD(TabbedTextOut(hDC, x, y, lines[i], strlen(lines[i]),
sizeof(tabstop)/sizeof(int), tabstop, x));
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
133
for. , ,
TabbedTextOut, ,
y .
x,
. , , GDI
, tabstop, x.
.2.28.
, ,
, MoveToEx, LineTo
TextOut. ,
.
180, 50 + 130.
. 2.28.

,
, (extra space).
, ,
GDI . .
SetTextCharacterExtra
, . GetTextCharacterExtra
.
,
. ,
SetTextCharacterExtra,
. for :
SetTextCharacterExtra(hDC, 4);
for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
if (i == 1) {
y += 10;
SetTextCharacterExtra(hDC, 0);
}
y += HIWORD(TabbedTextOut(hDC, x, y, lines[i], strlen(lines[i]),
sizeof(tabstop)/sizeof(int), tabstop, x));
}
,
.
(1)
TextOut ,
.
1
,
.
134
2. GDI
. (
). ,
, .
,
.
GDI
GetTextExtentPoint32 SetTextJustification.
,
x x + width. ,
width .
:
1.
SIZE size;
GetTextExtentPoint32(hDC, lpString, nCount, &size);
lpString,
nCount .
size. size.cx
, size.cy .
2. nBreak lpString.
,
. ,
, GetTextMetrics
tmBreakChar TEXTMETRIC.
3. ,
nBreak :
int breakExtra = width - size.cx;
4.
SetTextJustification(hdc, breakExtra, nBreak);
breakExtra nBreak. SetTextJustification ,

, ,
TextOut ExtTextOut.
5. ,
TA_LEFT ( ).
TextOut .
, SetTextJustification
, breakExtra nBreak.
GetTextExtentPoint32 ,
GetTextExtentPoint32
SetTextJustification(hdc, 0, 0);
2.1 ,
.
135

2.1. TextJust
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// TextJust.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
BOOL TextJustOut(HDC hdc, int x, int y, LPCTSTR lpStr, int width,
char breakChar = ' ');
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("Text Justification", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
char* text[6] =
{ "",
" ",
"
"
"
"
};
",
, ",
, ",
, ."
int x = 20, y = 20;

SIZE size;
int nWidth, i;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_PAINT:
GetTextExtentPoint32(hDC, text[5], strlen(text[5]), &size);
nWidth = size.cx;
for (i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
TextJustOut(hDC, x, y, text[i], nWidth);
y += size.cy + 2;
}
136
2. GDI
2.1 ()
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
BOOL TextJustOut(HDC hdc, int x, int y, LPCTSTR lpStr, int width,
TCHAR breakChar)
{
SIZE size;
int nCount = strlen(lpStr);
SetTextJustification(hdc, 0, 0);
GetTextExtentPoint32(hdc, lpStr, nCount, &size);
int nBreak = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nCount; ++i)
if (lpStr[i] == breakChar)
nBreak++;
int breakExtra = width - size.cx;
if (breakExtra < 0) breakExtra = 0;
SetTextJustification(hdc, breakExtra, nBreak);
return TextOut(hdc, x, y, lpStr, nCount);
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
KWnd,
KWnd.h KWnd.cpp, 1.2,
Project Workspace .
, ,
TextJustOut. TextJustOut ,
text. nWidth
text[5]. . 2.29.
. 2.29.

Windows
, . , ,
.
Win32 GDI DrawText DrawTextEx.
137
DrawText :
int DrawText(
HDC hDC,
LPCTSTR lpString,
int nCount,
LPRECT lpRect,
UINT uFormat
);
//
//
//
//
//
, DrawText
.

. 1 nCount,
.
, nCount.
DrawText ,
lpRect. , uFormat,
. ,
.
. 2.31 ( . MSDN).
2.31. DrawText
DT_LEFT
DT_CENTER
DT_RIGHT
DT_TOP
DT_VCENTER
0x0000
0x0001
0x0002
0x0000
0x0004
DT_BOTTOM
0x0008
DT_WORDBREAK
0x0010
DT_SINGLELINE
0x0020
DT_EXPANDTABS
0x0040
DT_NOPREFIX
0x0800
DT_PATH_ELLIPSIS
0x4000
DT_END_ELLIPSIS
0x8000

(
DT_SINGLELINE)
(
DT_SINGLELINE)

, . ,
DT_SINGLELINE
.
( )
\t , .
&. DrawText &
, && &. DT_NOPREFIX
& ,

,

( DT_SINGLELINE)
,
( DT_SINGLELINE)
138
2. GDI
uFormat , Windows
, (\r 0x0D)
(\n 0x0A). ,
.
.
, .
, ,
, .
, DT_WORDBREAK.
, DT_ SINGLELINE.
.
DrawText
.
.
DT_VCENTER DT_BOTTOM.
.

, .
DrawText. . 2.30

DrawText(hDC, text1, -1, &rect, uFormat);

char text1[] = "&Open C:\\WINNT\\system32\\gdi32.dll";
uFormat:
) 0;
) DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER | DT_NOPREFIX;
) DT_SINGLELINE | DT_RIGHT | DT_BOTTOM.
rect
Rectangle.
. 2.30. text1 rect
. 2.31
, .
uFormat:
) 0;
) DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER | DT_END_ELLIPSIS;
) DT_SINGLELINE | DT_BOTTOM | DT_PATH_ELLIPSIS.
, DrawText
, ,
,
.
139
. 2.32
DrawText(hDC, text2, -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER | DT_EXPANDTABS);

char text2[] = "&Open \tC:\\WINNT\\system32\\gdi32.dll";
\t.
. 2.31. text1 ,

. 2.32. text2,
. 2.33
char text3[] = "Warning: this computer program \n is protected by copyright law \n and
international treaties";

DrawText(hDC, text3, -1, &rect, DT_CENTER);
. 2.33. , (\n), DT_CENTER
, ,
char text4[] = "Warning: this computer program is protected by copyright law and
international treaties";

DrawText(hDC, text4, -1, &rect, DT_WORDBREAK);
, . 2.34.
. 2.34.
DT_WORDBREAK
DrawTextEx :
int DrawTextEx(HDC hDC, LPTSTR lpchTExt, int cchText, LPRECT lpRect,
UINT dwDTFormat, LPDRAWTEXTPARAMS lpDTParams);
DrawText ,
DRAWTEXTPARAMS.
, ,
140
2. GDI
.
MSDN.
ExtTextOut
ExtTextOut, TextOut,
:
BOOL ExtTextOut(HDC hdc, int X, int Y, UINT fuOptions, CONST RECT* lprc,
LPCTSTR lpString, UINT cbCount, CONST INT* lpDx);
hdc, X, Y, lpString, cbCount ,

TextOut. :
ExtTextOut(hDC, x, y, 0, NULL, lpString, cbCount, NULL);

TextOut(hDC, x, y, lpString, cbCount);
. fuOptions
, .
1 lprc ,
, ,
. lpDx
. . 2.32
, ,
fuOptions.
2.32. ExtTextOut
ETO_OPAQUE
0x0002
ETO_CLIPPED
ETO_GLYPH_INDEX
0x0004
0x0010
ETO_RTLREADING
0x0080
ETO_NUMERICSLOCAL
ETO_NUMERICSLATIN
ETO_IGNORELANGUAGE
ETO_PDY
0x0400
0x0800
0x1000
0x2000
lprc

lprc
lpString
( ),
GetCharacterPlacement.
16-

lpDx ,
,
ExtTextOut
.
, ,
ExtTextOut
ETO_OPAQUE ETO_CLIPPED.
1
NULL.
141

ETO_GLYPH_INDEX.
, WYSIWYG.
,
.
ExtTextOut [6].

.
:
( ).
GDI .
,
. [6].

,
. ,
, ,
. (scroll bars)
.
.
:
;
Scroll bar.
7.
,
, , . 2.35.
, CreateWindow
WS_VSCROLL ( ) WS_HSCROLL (
) dwStyle.
, .
.
, ,
.
.

.
(thumb).

.
.
142
2. GDI
. 2.35.
, , ,
, .
Windows .
.
,
(
4).

:
(range), ,
(nMin) (nMax)
.
, 1
. range range = nMax nMin + 1.
(position) ,
.
,
.
.
(page) ,
,
. Windows
.
, .
, ,
1 .
143
.
,
.
0 100.
. ,
nLine ,
. nMin = 0 nMax =
= nLine 1. nMin = 1 nMax = nLine.
,
, .
,
SetScrollInfo:
int SetScrollInfo(HWND hwnd, int fnBar, LPCSCROLLINFO lpsi, BOOL fRedraw);
hwnd ,
, Scroll
Bar. fnBar.
fnBar .
SB_VERT ( ), SB_HORZ (
) SB_CTL ( Scroll Bar). lpsi
SCROLLINFO, .
bRedraw ,
SetScrollInfo.
SCROLLINFO winuser.h :
typedef struct tagSCROLLINFO
{
UINT cbSize;
//
UINT fMask;
// /
int nMin;
//
int nMax;
//
UINT nPage;
//
int nPos;
//
int nTrackPos;
// ,
} SCROLLINFO;
fMask ,
SetScrollInfo GetScrollInfo.
, . 2.33.

GetScrollInfo.
, ,
Windows
. , Windows :
;

;
,
;
144
2. GDI
,
.
2.33. fMask
SIF_PAGE
nPage

nPos ,

nMin nMax

nTrackPos , (
GetScrollInfo)
SIF_PAGE | SIF_POS | SIF_RANGE | SIF_TRACKPOS

. ,
SIF_POS
SIF_RANGE
SIF_TRACKPOS
SIF_ALL
SIF_DISABLENOSCROLL
:
;

Windows WM_VSCROLL
WM_HSCROLL,
.
, wParam
, ,
.
, SB_.
. 2.36 , Windows
.
. ,
.
SB_LINEUP SB_PAGEUP,
.
SB_ENDSCROLL , . ,
SB_ENDSCROLL .
(thumb)
SB_THUMBTRACK. wParam
SB_THUMBTRACK SB_THUMBPOSITION, wParam
.
wParam .
lParam, ,
.
145
. 2.36. wParam
,
. : yInc
xInc .
. , .
ScrollWindow:
BOOL ScrollWindow(
HWND hWnd,
int XAmount,
int YAmount,
CONST RECT* lpRect,
CONST RECT* lpClipRect
);
//
//
//
//
//
XAmount YAmount .
lpRect lpClipRect NULL,
.
, WM_VSCROLL
:
ScrollWindow(hWnd, 0, -yStep * yInc, NULL, NULL);
WM_HSCROLL :
ScrollWindow(hWnd, -cxChar * xInc, 0, NULL, NULL);
yStep ,
cxChar .
,
.

. ,
:
si.nPos += yInc;
SetScrollInfo(hwnd, SB_VERT, &si, TRUE);
si SCROLLINFO.
146
2. GDI
, ScrollWindow
.
,

InvalidateRect(hWnd, NULL, TRUE);
UpdateWindow(hWnd);
, UpdateWindow WM_PAINT
. ,
,
( SB_THUMBTRACK). ,
InvalidateRect
WM_PAINT ,
.
, WM_PAINT
,
.
2.2.

TextViewer
. : ,
TextOut TabbedTextOut,
.
,
, .
KDocument , ,
.
KDocument.h,
KDocument.cpp.
,
2.21.
2.2. TextViewer
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// KDocument.h
#include <vector>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class KDocument {
1
, KWnd.h KWnd.cpp ( 1.2

1) Project Workspace
.

public:
BOOL
void
void
void
void
void
147
Open(const char* file);

Initialize(LPTEXTMETRIC tm);
ScrollSettings(HWND hwnd, int width, int height);
UpdateHscroll(HWND hwnd, int xInc);
UpdateVscroll(HWND hwnd, int yInc);
PutText(HWND hwnd, HDC hdc);
int cxChar;
//
int yStep;
// ()
int lineLenMax;
//
SCROLLINFO vsi;
//
int vertRange;
//
SCROLLINFO hsi;
//
int horzRange;
//
private:
vector<string> lines; //
};
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// KDocument.cpp
#include <fstream>
#include "KDocument.h"
BOOL KDocument::Open(const char* file) {
ifstream finp(file);
char buf[200];
if(!finp.good()) {
MessageBox(NULL, " ", "Error", MB_OK);
return FALSE;
}
// , lines
while(!finp.eof()) {
finp.getline(buf, 199);
buf[199] = 0;
lines.push_back(string(buf));
}
//
lineLenMax = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < lines.size(); ++i) {
int lineLen = lines[i].size();
// ,
int iTabPos = 0;
while (1) {
iTabPos = lines[i].find('\t', iTabPos);
if (iTabPos != -1) {
lineLen += 8;
iTabPos++;
}
else break;
}
if (lineLen > lineLenMax) lineLenMax = lineLen;
}
return TRUE;
}
void KDocument::Initialize(LPTEXTMETRIC tm) {
148
2. GDI
2.2 ()
cxChar = tm->tmAveCharWidth;
yStep = tm->tmHeight + tm->tmExternalLeading;
vsi.nMin = vsi.nPos = 0;
hsi.nMin = hsi.nPos = 0;
}
void KDocument::ScrollSettings(HWND hwnd, int width, int height) {
//
vsi.cbSize = sizeof(vsi);
vsi.fMask = SIF_RANGE | SIF_PAGE | SIF_POS;
vsi.nPage = height / yStep - 1;
vsi.nMax = lines.size() - 1;
if (vsi.nPage > vsi.nMax)
vsi.nPos = vsi.nMin;
vertRange = vsi.nMax - vsi.nMin + 1;
SetScrollInfo(hwnd, SB_VERT, &vsi, TRUE);
//
hsi.cbSize = sizeof(SCROLLINFO);
hsi.fMask = SIF_RANGE | SIF_PAGE | SIF_POS;
hsi.nPage = width/cxChar - 2;
hsi.nMax = lineLenMax;
if (hsi.nPage > hsi.nMax)
hsi.nPos = hsi.nMin;
horzRange = hsi.nMax - hsi.nMin + 1;
SetScrollInfo(hwnd, SB_HORZ, &hsi, TRUE);
}
void KDocument::UpdateVscroll(HWND hwnd, int yInc) {
//
yInc = min(yInc, vertRange - (int)vsi.nPage - vsi.nPos);
//
yInc = max(yInc, vsi.nMin - vsi.nPos);
if (yInc) {
ScrollWindow(hwnd, 0, -yStep * yInc, NULL, NULL);
vsi.nPos += yInc;
SetScrollInfo(hwnd, SB_VERT, &vsi, TRUE);
InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
UpdateWindow (hwnd);
}
}
void KDocument::UpdateHscroll(HWND hwnd, int xInc) {
//
xInc = min(xInc, horzRange - (int)hsi.nPage - hsi.nPos);
//
xInc = max(xInc, hsi.nMin - hsi.nPos);
if (xInc) {
ScrollWindow(hwnd, -cxChar * xInc, 0, NULL, NULL);
hsi.nPos += xInc;
SetScrollInfo(hwnd, SB_HORZ, &hsi, TRUE);
InvalidateRect(hwnd, NULL, TRUE);
UpdateWindow (hwnd);
}
149

}
void KDocument::PutText(HWND hwnd, HDC hdc) {
RECT rect;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
rect.left += cxChar;
rect.right -= cxChar;
HRGN hRgn = CreateRectRgnIndirect(&rect);
SelectClipRgn(hdc, hRgn);
int x = cxChar * (hsi.nMin - hsi.nPos + 1);
int y = yStep;
int amountLines = lines.size();
int iBeg = vsi.nPos;
int iEnd = (vsi.nPos+vsi.nPage < amountLines)? vsi.nPos+vsi.nPage :
amountLines;
for (int i = iBeg; i < iEnd; ++i) {
int iTabPos = lines[i].find('\t');
if (-1 == iTabPos)
TextOut(hdc, x, y, lines[i].c_str(), lines[i].size());
else
TabbedTextOut(hdc, x, y, lines[i].c_str(), lines[i].size(), 0, 0, x);
y += yStep;
}
SelectClipRgn(hdc, NULL);
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// TextViewer.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
#define FILE_NAME "D:\\Program files\\Microsoft Visual
Studio\\VC98\\MFC\\SRC\\README.TXT"
KDocument doc;
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
if (!doc.Open(FILE_NAME)) return 0;
KWnd mainWnd("Text Viewer", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc, NULL,
CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VSCROLL | WS_HSCROLL);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
150
2. GDI
2.2 ()
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
TEXTMETRIC tm;
int cxClient=0, cyClient=0;
static int xInc, yInc;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
GetTextMetrics(hDC, &tm);
doc.Initialize(&tm);
break;
case WM_SIZE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
cxClient = LOWORD(lParam);
cyClient = HIWORD(lParam);
if (cxClient > 0)
doc.ScrollSettings(hWnd, cxClient, cyClient);
break;
case WM_VSCROLL:
switch(LOWORD(wParam)) {
case SB_LINEUP:
yInc = -1; break;
case SB_LINEDOWN:
yInc = 1; break;
case SB_PAGEUP:
yInc = -(int)doc.vsi.nPage; break;
case SB_PAGEDOWN:
yInc = (int)doc.vsi.nPage; break;
case SB_THUMBTRACK:
yInc = HIWORD(wParam) - doc.vsi.nPos; break;
default: yInc = 0;
}
doc.UpdateVscroll(hWnd, yInc);
break;
case WM_HSCROLL:
case SB_LINELEFT:
xInc = -1; break;
case SB_LINERIGHT:
xInc = 1; break;
case SB_PAGELEFT:
xInc = -0.8 * (int)doc.hsi.nPage; break;
case SB_PAGERIGHT:
xInc = 0.8 * (int)doc.hsi.nPage; break;
case SB_THUMBTRACK:
xInc = HIWORD(wParam) - doc.hsi.nPos; break;
default: xInc = 0;
}
151
doc.UpdateHscroll(hWnd, xInc);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
doc.PutText(hWnd, hDC);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
KDocument:
lines,
string.
Open . ,
\n.
lines. for
lineLenMax .
lines[i] find
string, \t
1, . ScrollSettings
lineLenMax
.
Initialize .
cxChar ,
yStep .
, tm.
ScrollSettings
width height
.
UpdateVscroll
.
ScrollWindow,
SetScrollInfo
UpdateWindow.
.
.

.
152
2. GDI
,
vertRange (int)vsi.nPage.

. ,
int vsi.nPage
min.

, vsi.nMin.
UpdateHscroll
.
UpdateVscroll.
PutText
.
(
) hRgn.
CreateRectRgnIndirect,
rect,
,
cxChar.
SelectClipRgn.
for
vsi.nPos
hsi.nPos . lines[i]
, TextOut.
TabbedTextOut.
MM_TEXT,
.
y
yStep.
hsi.nPos hsi.nMin, x,
cxChar (hsi.nMin hsi.nPo s + 1), cxChar.
, .
hRgn,
, x = cxChar.
hsi.nPo s > 0 x ,
,
.
, .
, , Windows,
, .
, , .
SelectClipRgn(hdc, NULL)
.
153
, TextViewer.cpp:
doc KDocument.
WinMain Open doc,

, FILE_NAME.
README.TXT, Microsoft Visual C++
6.01. ,
.
WS_VSCROLL | WS_HSCROLL,
KWnd windowStyle.

.
WndProc Initialize doc

WM_CREATE, ScrollSettings
WM_SIZE.
WM_VSCROLL doc.UpdateVscroll(hWnd, yInc). WM_HSCROLL

doc.UpdateHscroll(hWnd, xInc).
WM_PAINT
doc.PutText(hWnd, hDC).

.

U_T_Diagram
, , ,
, .

.
220 , 50 .
, .
. 2.37 U_T_Diagram .
,
. ,
,
. ,
,
.
T f
T = 1/f, 50 0,02 , 20 .
, U
Um U = 0,707 . Um.
, 311,17 .
1
154
2. GDI
. 2.37. U_T_Diagram

, .
1 , X Y 3 , 5
.
,
.
,
, ,
.
(viewport)
, GetClientRect.

.
, (window).
, ,
, ,
. ,
. , ,
. . ,
,
mx my1. .

Win32 API . ,
CreatePen(penStyle, nWidth, crColor) nWidth
. nWidth,
1
mx = xVE / xWE, my = yVE / yWE, xVE, yVE , xWE, yWE

.
155
1
.
,
xVE = 952, yVE = 7021,
xWE = 60 (), yWE = 1000 (),
mx = 952 / 60 = 15,86 , , 16 .
my = 702 / 1000 = 0,72 , ,
.
, . 2.37,
.
MM_ISOTROPIC,
.
.
,
:
nPixPerVolt = yVE / 1000.0;
nPixPerMs = xVE / 60.0;
2.3.
2.3. U_T_Diagram2
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// U_T_Diagram.cpp
#include <math.h>
#include "KWnd.h"
void DrawDiagram(HWND, HDC);
#define Pi 3.14159265
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd(" ",
hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
,
.
KWnd.h KWnd.cpp (. 1.2 1).
156
2. GDI
2.3 ()
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_PAINT:
DrawDiagram(hWnd, hDC);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//====================================================================
void DrawDiagram(HWND hwnd, HDC hdc)
{
RECT rect;
GetClientRect(hwnd, &rect);
const int xVE = rect.right - rect.left;
const int yVE = rect.bottom - rect.top;
const int xWE = xVE;
const int yWE = yVE;
double nPixPerVolt = yVE / 1000.0;
double nPixPerMs = xVE / 60.0;
// n Pixels Per Millisec
SetMapMode (hdc, MM_ISOTROPIC);
SetWindowExtEx (hdc, xWE, yWE, NULL);
SetViewportExtEx (hdc, xVE, -yVE, NULL);
SetViewportOrgEx (hdc, 10*nPixPerMs, yVE/2, NULL);
const int
const int
const int
const int
const int
const int
int x, y;
tMin = 0;
tMax = 40;
uMin = -400;
uMax = 400;
tGridStep = 5;
uGridStep = 100;
//
//
//
//
ms
ms
V
V
char* xMark[] = { "0", "5", "10", "15", "20", "25", "30", "35", "40"};
char* yMark[] = { "-400","-300","-200","-100", "0", "100", "200", "300",
"400"};
//
HPEN hPen0 = CreatePen(PS_SOLID, 1, RGB(0, 160, 0));
HPEN hOldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hPen0);
int u = uMin;
157
int xMin = tMin * nPixPerMs;

int xMax = tMax * nPixPerMs;
for (int i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
y = u * nPixPerVolt;
MoveToEx(hdc, xMin, y, NULL);
LineTo(hdc, xMax, y);
TextOut(hdc, xMin-40, y+8, yMark[i], strlen(yMark[i]));
u += uGridStep;
}
int
int
int
for
t = tMin;
yMin = uMin * nPixPerVolt;
yMax = uMax * nPixPerVolt;
(i = 0; i < 9; ++i) {
x = t * nPixPerMs;
MoveToEx(hdc, x, yMin, NULL);
LineTo(hdc, x, yMax);
TextOut(hdc, x-6, yMin-10, xMark[i], strlen(xMark[i]));
t += tGridStep;
}
// "x"
SelectObject(hdc, hPen1);
MoveToEx(hdc, 0, 0, NULL); LineTo(hdc, xMax, 0);
static LOGFONT lf;
lf.lfPitchAndFamily = FIXED_PITCH | FF_MODERN;
lf.lfItalic = TRUE;
lf.lfWeight = FW_BOLD;
lf.lfHeight = 20;
lf.lfCharSet = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
lstrcpy( (LPSTR)&lf.lfFaceName, "Arial" );
HFONT hFont0 = CreateFontIndirect(&lf);
HFONT hOldFont = (HFONT)SelectObject(hdc, hFont0);
SetTextColor(hdc, RGB(0, 0, 200));
TextOut(hdc, xMax+10, 10, "t (ms)", 6);
// "y"
MoveToEx(hdc, 0, yMin, NULL); LineTo(hdc, 0, yMax);
TextOut(hdc, -10, yMax+30, "u (V)", 5);
//
SelectObject(hdc, hPen2);
int tStep = 1;
double radianPerMs = 2 * Pi / 20;
const double uAmplit = 311.17;
// volt
t = tMin;
MoveToEx(hdc, 0, 0, NULL);
while (t <= tMax) {
u = uAmplit * sin( t * radianPerMs);
LineTo(hdc, t * nPixPerMs, u * nPixPerVolt);
t += tStep;
}
//
char* title = " . ";
158
2. GDI
2.3 ()
lf.lfItalic = FALSE;
lf.lfWeight = FW_BOLD;
lf.lfHeight = 30;
HFONT hFont1 = CreateFontIndirect(&lf);
SelectObject(hdc, hFont1);
TextOut(hdc, 0, yMax + 70, title, strlen(title));
SelectObject(hdc, hOldPen);
SelectObject(hdc, hOldFont);
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
DrawDiagram, WM_PAINT.
,
.
,
, .
1 ,
1 .
,
SetViewportExtEx (hdc, xVE, -yVE, NULL);
,
, .
:
SetViewportOrgEx (hdc, 10*nPixPerMs, yVE/2, NULL);

10 .
tMin, tMax, uMin, uMax,
tGridStep, uGridStep, .
t, u. (
)
nPixPerMs, nPixPerVolt.
while
sin(x).
, u.
LineTo ,
u.
sin ,
= 2 . . f = 2 . / T
:
radianPerMs = 2 * Pi / 20;

, , ,
.
159
GDI. ,
,

GDI. ,
, , , .
,
,
DIB DIB.
, 24
RGB1, . ,
, 256 .
, ,
.
, Windows ,

. ,
, GetDeviceCaps, RASTERCAPS,
, RC_PALETTE.
, ,
.

() ,
.
.
Win32 GDI .
(system palette) ,
.
1
24 16 777 216 .
160
3. GDI. , ,
, , .

. .
256 (), 20
,
. , ,
, .
(logical palette) .
.
,
.
CreatePalette CreateHalftonePalette
RealizePalette. Windows
.
, , Windows
, ,
(dithering) ,
.

, MSDN . ,
COLORREF,
PALETTERGB, RGB.
,
(default palette), 20 ,
. ,
, 20 .
,
, Windows 1
.
.

.
,
.

, ,
, Windows WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE.

, ,
.
WM_PALETTECHANGED ,
.
,
, .
, .
161

. , ,
, ,
, .
,
,
. ,
: .
.
COMBOBOX
.
, , , :
256 ;
Hi Color (16 );
True Color (24 32 ).

256
. 256 ,
.
,
.
256 PALETTEENTRY:
typedef struct {
BYTE peRed;
BYTE peGreen;
BYTE peBlue;
BYTE peFlags;
} PALETTEENTRY;
PALETTEENTRY
RGB. peFlags .
.

GetSystemPaletteEntries, :
UINT
GetSystemPaletteEntries(
HDC hdc,
//
UINT iStartIndex,
//
UINT nEntries,
//
LPPALETTEENTRY lppe
// PALETTEENTRY
);
lppe ,
. NULL,
.
.
, , , ,
.
20
. . 3.1.
162
3. GDI. , ,
3.1.
RGB
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
0x00, 0x00, 0x00

0x80, 0x00, 0x00
0x00, 0x80, 0x00
0x80, 0x80, 0x00
0x00, 0x00, 0x80
0x80, 0x00, 0x80
0x00, 0x80, 0x80
0xC0, 0xC0, 0xC0
0xC0, 0xDC, 0xC0
0xA6, 0xCA, 0xF0
0xFF, 0xFB, 0xF0
0xA0, 0xA0, 0xA4
0x80, 0x80, 0x80
0xFF, 0x00, 0x00
0x00, 0xFF, 0x00
0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00
0x00, 0x00, 0xFF
0xFF, 0x00, 0xFF
0x00, 0xFF, 0xFF
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
255
0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF

True Color
True Color
True Color
True Color

. ,
,
. ,
XOR
.
.
, 255 (0xFF),
. 1
RGB(0x80, 0x00, 0x00). , 254 (0xFE),
. ,
RGB (RGB(0x7F, 0xFF, 0xFF)),
.
8 8 ,
. 8, 9, 246, 247 .
RGB True Color. 256
RGB .
, ,
, 3.1.
3.1. SystemPalette
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// SystemPalette.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
163
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("System palette", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc, NULL, 0, 0,
524, 543);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT r0;
RECT rect;
HBRUSH brush;
int dW, dH, i, j;
int index = 0;
PALETTEENTRY pal[256];
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_PAINT:
GetSystemPaletteEntries(hDC, 0, 256, pal);
GetClientRect(hWnd, &r0);
dW = (r0.right - 4) / 16;
dH = (r0.bottom - 4) / 16;
SetViewportOrgEx(hDC, 2, 2, NULL);
for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i)
for (j = 0; j < 16; ++j) {
SetRect(&rect, j*dW, i*dH, (j+1)*dW - 1, (i+1)*dH - 1);
brush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(pal[index].peRed,
pal[index].peGreen, pal[index].peBlue));
FillRect(hDC, &rect, brush);
DeleteObject(brush);
index++;
}
break;
case WM_PALETTECHANGED:
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
164
3. GDI. , ,
3.1. ()
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
WM_PAINT.
GetSystemPaletteEntries
pal.
GetClientRect
r0, RECT.
r0.left r0.top , r0.right
r0.bottom .
WinMain
516 516 . dW dH,
rect,
brush, 32.
WM_PALETTECHANGED
InvalidateRect, , ,
WM_PAINT .
1.
256 , ,
. 3.1. ,
, , ,
2.
. ,
. 236
RGB,
. , ,
, MS Paint.
, . ,
MS Paint
.
. ,
True Color3. System palette ,
. 3.2. , ,
. ,
RGB(0x00, 0x00, 0x00). , True Color
, .
KWnd.h KWnd.cpp, 1.2.
,
(www.piter.com).
, .
165
. 3.1. 256-
. 3.2. True Color
166
3. GDI. , ,

, ,
COLORREF,
:
COLORREF PALETTEINDEX(WORD wPaletteIndex);
COLORREF PALETTERGB(BYTE bRed, BYTE bGreen, BYTE bBlue);
PALETTEINDEX 32
.
.
PALETTERGB, RGB, ,
.

. PALETTERGB
, RGB
,
. ,
RGB ,
COLORREF.

,
, ,
20 .

, 8 ( 3.2).
3.2. ColorsWithDefaultPal
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ColorsWithDefaultPal.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("Colors with default palette", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc,
NULL, 0, 0, 800, 200);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
167
RECT r0;
RECT rect[8];
int dW, dH, i;
static HBRUSH brush[8];
COLORREF rgbColor[8] = { RGB(128,0,0), RGB(192,0,0),RGB(255,0,0),
RGB(255,192,0), RGB(176,250,133), RGB(245,197,137),
RGB(255,128,128), RGB(255,128,255)};
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
brush[i] = CreateSolidBrush(rgbColor[i]);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
dW = r0.right / 8;
dH = r0.bottom;
for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
SetRect(&rect[i], i*dW, 0, (i+1)*dW, dH);
FillRect(hDC, &rect[i], brush[i]);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
DeleteObject(brush[i]);
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
True Color,
, . 3.3.
. 3.3. ( True Color)
8 , rgbColor:
, , , , , ,
, .
168
3. GDI. , ,
,
RGB .
256
. . 3.4.
. 3.4. (256- )
, .

.
,
.

,
.
:
1. ( CreateHalftonePalette).
2. ( SelectPalette).
3. RealizePalette.
SelectPalette :
HPALETTE
SelectPalette(
HDC hdc,
//
HPALETTE hpal,
//
BOOL bForceBackground
// ( )
);
, (TRUE)
(FALSE) Realize
Palette. .
, RealizePalette

, .
, , .
RealizePalette
, , ,
.
3.3 , ,
, .
WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE WM_PALETTECHANGED.
169
3.3. ColorsWithHalftonePal
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ColorsWithHalftonePal.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("Colors with halftone palette", hInstance, nCmdShow,
WndProc, NULL, 0, 0, 800, 200);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT r0;
RECT rect[8];
int dW, dH, i;
COLORREF paletteColor[8] = { PALETTERGB(128,0,0), PALETTERGB(192,0,0),
PALETTERGB(255,0,0), PALETTERGB(255,192,0), PALETTERGB(176,250,133),
PALETTERGB(245,197,137), PALETTERGB(255,128,128),
PALETTERGB(255,128,255)};
static HBRUSH brush[8];
static HPALETTE hPal;
HPALETTE hOldPal;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
brush[i] = CreateSolidBrush(paletteColor[i]);
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
hPal = CreateHalftonePalette(hDC);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hOldPal = SelectPalette(hDC, hPal, FALSE);
dW = r0.right / 8;
dH = r0.bottom;
for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i) {
}
170
3. GDI. , ,
3.3 ()
SelectPalette(hDC, hOldPal, TRUE);
break;
case WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
SelectPalette(hDC, hPal, FALSE);
if (RealizePalette(hDC))
break;
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
DeleteObject(hPal);
for (i = 0; i < 8; ++i)
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
:
hPal WM_CREATE,
WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE,
WM_PALETTECHANGED. RealizePalette
,
. , InvalidateRect.
WM_PAINT
, .
256
, ,
True Color (. . 3.3).

,
. ,
.
,
, , .
paletteColor :
171
COLORREF paletteColor[8] = { PALETTERGB(0,31,0), PALETTERGB(0,63,0),

PALETTERGB(0,95,0), PALETTERGB(0,127,0), PALETTERGB(0,159,0),
PALETTERGB(0,191,0), PALETTERGB(0,223,0), PALETTERGB(0,255,0)};
, , ,
.
,
. CreatePalette:
HPALETTE
CreatePalette(CONST
LOGPALETTE*
lplgpl);
lplgpl LOGPALETTE,
:
typedef struct tagLOGPALETTE {
WORD
palVersion;
//
WORD
palNumEntries; //
PALETTEENTRY palPalEntry[1];
} LOGPALETTE;
Windows 3.0
0x300.
palPalEntry PALETTEENTRY,
.
PALETTEENTRY .
RGB
, peFlags ,
. peFlags . 3.2.
3.2. peFlags
, RGB
. ,
PC_NOCOLLAPSE

() .

PC_EXPLICIT
.
PALETTEENTRY .

PC_RESERVED
, .
-
. ,

, LOGPALETTE palPalEntry
, ,
.
LOGPALETTE,

LOGPALETTE. .

RealizePalette , .
3.4 ,
, 128 , 16
, .
172
3. GDI. , ,
3.4. LogicPalette
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// LogicPalette.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
#define PAL_NUM_ENTRIES
#define NUM_RECT 16
128
typedef struct {
LOGPALETTE lp;
PALETTEENTRY ape[PAL_NUM_ENTRIES - 1];
} LogPal;
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("Colors with logic palette", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc,
NULL, 0, 0, 808, 200);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT r0;
RECT rect[NUM_RECT];
int dW, dH, i;
static LogPal pal;
LOGPALETTE* pLP = (LOGPALETTE*) &pal;
static COLORREF paletteColor[NUM_RECT];
static HBRUSH brush[NUM_RECT];
static HPALETTE hPal;
HPALETTE hOldPal;
BYTE green;
BYTE stepPal, stepBrush;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
//
pLP->palVersion = 0x300; // Windows
pLP->palNumEntries = PAL_NUM_ENTRIES; //
stepPal = 256 / PAL_NUM_ENTRIES;
173
green = 255;
for (i = 0; i < PAL_NUM_ENTRIES; i++) {
pLP->palPalEntry[i].peRed = 0;
pLP->palPalEntry[i].peGreen = green;
pLP->palPalEntry[i].peBlue = 0;
pLP->palPalEntry[i].peFlags = 0;
green -= stepPal;
}
hPal = CreatePalette (pLP);
//
stepBrush = 256 / NUM_RECT;
for (i = 0; i < NUM_RECT; ++i)
brush[i] = CreateSolidBrush(PALETTERGB(0, stepBrush * i, 0));
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hOldPal = SelectPalette(hDC, hPal, FALSE);
dW = r0.right / NUM_RECT;
dH = r0.bottom;
for (i = 0; i < NUM_RECT; ++i) {
}
SelectPalette(hDC, hOldPal, TRUE);
break;
case WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
break;
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
DeleteObject(hPal);
for (i = 0; i < NUM_RECT; ++i)
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
174
3. GDI. , ,
LogPal
, LOGPALETTE.
LOGPALETTE,
PALETTEENTRY, (PAL_NUM_ENTRIES 1) .
LogPal WndProc:
static
LogPal
pal;
,
LOGPALETTE, LOGPALETTE,
pal:
LOGPALETTE*
pLP
(LOGPALETTE*)
&pal;
236, 20
.
PAL_NUM_ENTRIES, 128,
, 16 .

WM_CREATE. pal,
pLP, palPalEntry
. CreatePalette.
WM_QUERYNEWPALETTE
WM_PALETTECHANGED. , WM_PAINT

SelectPalette.
, . 3.5.
. 3.5. (256- )
, 2, ,
,
, , .

.
(vector graphics).
,
, .
(bitmap graphics).
, , , ,
175
, , ,
Microsoft Paint Adobe Photoshop.
, , (bitmap)
.
, .
.
.
, , 2n,
n . , VGA
256 8 .
, 224 , 24
, RGB 8 .
Windows
, , DDB
(device dependent bitmap). DDB ,

. , 256
, 8 .
DDB ,
.
,
, .
Windows 3.0, ,
, DIB (device independent bitmap).
DIB
.
RGB,

. , DIB,
,
, .
(DDB)
Windows,
,
. (DIB), ,
,
Windows.
DIB,
DDB ,
Win32 GDI, DIB.
-
(DIB)
,
. , DIB, .bmp.
DIB
BMP.
176
3. GDI. , ,
BMP
BMP,
, . 3.3.
3.3. DIB- ( BMP)

BITMAPFILEHEADER bmfHeader;
14

BITMAPINFOHEADER bmiHeader;
40

BITMAPV4HEADER (108 )
BITMAPV5HEADER (124 )

RGBQUAD bmiColors[];

BYTE aBitmapBits[][];

BITMAPFILEHEADER,
bmfHeader, :
typedef struct tagBITMAPFILEHEADER {
WORD
bfType;
//
DWORD bfSize;
//
WORD
bfReserved1; // ( )
WORD
bfReserved2; // ( )
DWORD bfOffbits;
//
} BITMAPFILEHEADER;
bfType ASCII B M, , ,
bitmap. 0x42
0x4D.
Windows . , WORD
, , , ,
bfType = 0x4d42.
bfSize .
bfOffbits .
BMP , bfOffbits
aBitmapBits.

bmiHeader,
.
BITMAPINFOHEADER wingdi.h:
typedef
DWORD
LONG
LONG
WORD
WORD
DWORD
DWORD
struct
tagBITMAPINFOHEADER{
biSize;
// BITMAPINFOHEADER
biWidth;
//
biHeight;
// +
biPlanes;
// ( 1)
biBitCount;
//
biCompression;
//
biSizeImage;
//
177
LONG
biXPelsPerMeter; //
LONG
biYPelsPerMeter; //
DWORD biClrUsed;
//
DWORD biClrImportant; // ,
//
} BITMAPINFOHEADER;
biWidth biHeight .
biHeight ,
.
.
( ),
. DIB
(bottomup).
( ), DIB (topdown).
BMP
.
biPlanes
.
( ). DIB
, biPlanes
.
biBitCount ,
. .
. 3.4.
3.4. biBitCount
21 (2)
1/8
.
bmiColors , RGBQUAD.
aBitmapBits
bmiColors. 0,
bmiColors[0], 1
bmiColors[1]
24 (16)
1/2
16 , , bmiColors
16 RGBQUAD.
aBitmapBits .
4-

28 (256)
256 , bmiColors
256 .
aBitmapBits
.

JPEG PNG ( Windows 98/2000)
178
3. GDI. , ,
3.4 ()
16
216 (65 536)
216 (
High Color). biCompression
BI_RGB, bmiColors
. (WORD)
aBitmapBits .
,

.

biCompression BI_BITFIELDS,

,

aBitmapBits
24
224 (16 777 216)
bmiColors

aBitmapBits ,
.
bmiColors
, .

, biClrUsed
32
224 (24 True Color).
224 (16 777 216)
224 (32-
True Color). biCompression
BI_RGB, bmiColors
.
(DWORD) aBitmapBits
.
,
.
.
biCompression BI_BITFIELDS,

,

aBitmapBits5
32 True Color

, .
biCompression ,
. . 3.5.
biHeight , biCompression
BI_RGB BI_BITFIELDS,
.
179
3.5. biCompression
BI_RGB
0x0
BI_RLE8
0x1
8 /,
RLE
BI_RLE4
0x2
4 /,
RLE
BI_BITFIELDS
0x3
16 32 /. ,
RGB
biCompression BI_RGB.
Microsoft, Visual Studio BMP
.
.
. 3.4.
, .
DIB 4 8 /
RLE (RunLength
Encoding). 8
, ,
.

, .
RLE [6].
BITMAPINFOHEADER biSizeImage,
. biCompression
BI_RGB, biSizeImage . GDI
, .
RLE, JPEG PNG
.
biXPelsPerMeter biYPelsPerMeter , ,

. ,
,
.
biClrUsed . DIB
, 256, biClrUsed
, . 3.4.
BMP, ,
.
DIB, .
biClrImportant ,
. ,
.
, BITMAPINFOHEADER
3 . Win32
180
3. GDI. , ,
API, Windows 3.1. , ,

Windows 95 Windows NT 4.0, 4,
Windows 98 Windows 2000 5.
Windows 95 Windows NT 4.0 BITMAPV4HEADER,
Windows 98 Windows 2000 BITMAPV5HEADER.
BITMAPINFOHEADER. 4
RGBA1, ,
( ICM 1.02). 5
,
, ICM 2.0.
MSDN.

RGBQUAD.
:
typedef struct tagRGBQUAD
BYTE
rgbBlue;
BYTE
rgbGreen;
BYTE
rgbRed;
BYTE
rgbReserved;
} RGBQUAD;
,
.
.
DIB,
256 . aBitmapBits
. DIB
True Color (Hi Color), , , .

, True Color, .
biClrUsed
. ,
.

aBitmapBits. biHeight
,
,
.
.
.
:
bytesPerLine = ((width * bitCount + 31) / 32) * 4;
width , bitCount .
1
RGBA Red, Green, Blue Alpha.
ICM Integrated Color Management API

,
.
181
DIB, biCompression BI_RGB,

,
. aBitmapBits
,
. DIB
.
aBitmapBits ,

.
3.5.
-
DIB, ,
.
(packed) DIB. DIB,
bmfHeader. , DIB
bmiHeader, , ,
( ) .
DIB GDI BITMAPINFO.
,
. ,
DIB .
, Win32 API,
DIB. , DIB
Windows.
DIB
DIB
StretchDIBits SetDIBitsToDevice.
StretchDIBits :
int
StretchDIBits(
HDC hdc,
//
int XDest,
// x-
int YDest,
// y-
int nDestWidth,
//
int nDestHeight,
//
int XSrc,
// x-
int YSrc,
// y-
int nSrcWidth,
//
int nSrcHeight,
//
CONST VOID* lpBits,
//
CONST BITMAPINFO* lpBitsInfo, //
UINT iUsage,
//
DWORD dwRop
//
);
1, DIB
, . ,
1
x y .
182
3. GDI. , ,
,
.
,
. :
wBmp ;
hBmp ;
xs XSrc;
ys YSrc;
ws nSrcWidth;
hs nSrcHeight;
xd XDest;
yd YDest;
wd nDestWidth;
hd nDestHeight.
,
.
. 3.6.
3.6.
[xs, ys, ws, hs]
0, 0, wBmp, hBmp
wBmp, 0, wBmp, hBmp
0, hBmp, wBmp, hBmp
wBmp, hBmp, wBmp, hBmp
0, 0, wBmp, 1
,
,
,
,

0, 0, 1, hBmp
, [xd, yd, wd, hd],

,
, , .

, ,
. 3.6. ,
, .

, .
, .
,
.
.
(bitmap
stretching mode), .
SetStretchBltMode:
int
SetStretchBltMode(HDC
hdc,
int
iStretchMode);
183
iStretchMode , . 3.7.
3.7.
( )
STRETCH_ANDSCANS
(BLACKONWHITE)
0x1
STRETCH_ORSCANS
(WHITEONBLACK)
0x2
STRETCH_DELETESCANS
(COLORONCOLOR)
0x3
STRETCH_HALFTONE (HALFTONE)
0x4
StretchDIBits.
lpBits . ,
.
lpBitsInfo .
BITMAPINFO, Win32 GDI
:
typedef struct tagBITMAPINFO {
BITMAPINFOHEADER bmiHeader;
RGBQUAD
bmiColors[1];
} BITMAPINFO;
,
.
.
iUsage
DIB_RGB_COLORS, RGB ,
DIB_PAL_COLORS, .
, dwRop, .
,
SRCCOPY,
.

SetDIBitsToDevice. DIB ,
. ,
StretchDIBits
SetDIBitsToDevice.
, ,
, .
MSDN.
DIB
,
.
, BMP.
BMP, .
DIB C++,
KDib. .
184
3. GDI. , ,
,
. , KDib,
, .
BMP- ANSI-
, 3.5,
ANSI, ,
BMP. ANSI
True Color 24 /.
.
,
, SYSTEM_FONT. ,
,
, , 256
1.
KDib, , .
KDib.h, KDib.cpp.
3.5. CreateCharBmp
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// KDib.h
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
class KDib {
public:
KDib();
~KDib();
BOOL CreateDib24(int w, int h, const char* fileName);
void StoreDib24();
BOOL LoadFromFile(const char* fileName);
void SetPixel(int x, int y, COLORREF color);
int Draw(HDC hdc, int xDst, int yDst, int wDst, int hDst,
int xSrc, int ySrc, int wSrc, int hSrc, DWORD rop);
int GetWidth() { return width; }
int GetHeight() { return height; }
const char* GetError() { return error.c_str(); }
private:
int width;
int height;
int bytesPerLine;
BITMAPFILEHEADER fileHead;
//
BITMAPINFOHEADER infoHead;
//
BITMAPINFOHEADER* pInfoHead;
BYTE* aBitmapBits;
//
int fileHeadSize;
int infoHeadSize;
1
,
.
185
int imageSize;
string error;
ifstream inpFile;
ofstream outFile;
};
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// KDib.cpp
#include "KDib.h"
KDib::KDib() {
fileHeadSize = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER);
fileHead.bfType = 0x4d42;
aBitmapBits = NULL;
}
//====================================================================
KDib::~KDib() {
if (pInfoHead) delete [] pInfoHead;
if (aBitmapBits) delete [] aBitmapBits;
if (outFile) outFile.close();
}
//====================================================================
BOOL KDib::CreateDib24(int w, int h, const char* fileName) {
width = w;
height = h;
bytesPerLine = ((width * 24 + 31) / 32) * 4;
imageSize = bytesPerLine * height;
infoHeadSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
fileHead.bfSize = fileHeadSize + infoHeadSize + bytesPerLine * height;
fileHead.bfOffBits = fileHeadSize + infoHeadSize;
infoHead.biSize = infoHeadSize;
infoHead.biWidth = width;
infoHead.biHeight = height;
infoHead.biPlanes = 1;
infoHead.biBitCount = 24;
infoHead.biCompression = BI_RGB;
infoHead.biSizeImage = imageSize;
aBitmapBits = new BYTE[imageSize];
memset(aBitmapBits, 0, imageSize);
outFile.open(fileName, ios::out | ios::binary | ios::trunc);
if (!outFile) return FALSE;
else return TRUE;
}
//====================================================================
BOOL KDib::LoadFromFile(const char* fileName) {
inpFile.open(fileName, ios::in | ios::binary);
if (!inpFile) {
error = " .";
return FALSE;
}
inpFile.read((char*)&fileHead, fileHeadSize);
if (fileHead.bfType != 0x4d42) {
error = " BMP-";
186
3. GDI. , ,
3.5 ()
return FALSE;
}
infoHeadSize = fileHead.bfOffBits - fileHeadSize;
int fileSize = fileHead.bfSize;
imageSize = fileSize - (fileHeadSize + infoHeadSize);
pInfoHead = (BITMAPINFOHEADER*)(new BYTE [infoHeadSize]);
inpFile.read((char*)pInfoHead, infoHeadSize);
width =
pInfoHead->biWidth;
height = pInfoHead->biHeight;
aBitmapBits = new BYTE[imageSize];
inpFile.read((char*)aBitmapBits, imageSize);
return true;
}
//====================================================================
int KDib::Draw(HDC hdc, int xDst, int yDst, int wDst, int hDst,
int xSrc, int ySrc, int wSrc, int hSrc, DWORD rop) {
return StretchDIBits(hdc, xDst, yDst, wDst, hDst, xSrc, ySrc, wSrc, hSrc,
aBitmapBits, (CONST BITMAPINFO*)pInfoHead, DIB_RGB_COLORS, rop);
}
//====================================================================
void KDib::SetPixel(int x, int y, COLORREF color) {
int row = y;
int col = 3 * x;
aBitmapBits[row*bytesPerLine + col]
= GetBValue(color);
aBitmapBits[row*bytesPerLine + col+1] = GetGValue(color);
aBitmapBits[row*bytesPerLine + col+2] = GetRValue(color);
}
//====================================================================
void KDib::StoreDib24() {
// BMP-
outFile.write((char*)&fileHead, fileHeadSize);
outFile.write((char*)&infoHead, infoHeadSize);
//
outFile.write((char*)aBitmapBits, imageSize);
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CreateCharBmp.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
#include "KDib.h"
#define ANSI_CODE 65
#define FILE_NAME "symbol.bmp"
KDib bmp;
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
187
KWnd
mainWnd("CreateCharBmp",
hInstance,

}
return msg.wParam;
nCmdShow,
WndProc);
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
TEXTMETRIC tm;
SIZE sz;
static int width, height;
COLORREF color;
int x, y;
BOOL isFileCreated;
static char line[2];
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
line[0] = ANSI_CODE;
line[1] = 0;
GetTextExtentPoint32(hDC, line, 1, &sz);
width = sz.cx;
height = tm.tmHeight;
isFileCreated =
bmp.CreateDib24(width, height, FILE_NAME);
if (!isFileCreated)
MessageBox(hWnd, " " FILE_NAME " .", "Error", MB_OK);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
SetBkColor(hDC, RGB(0,0,0));
SetTextColor(hDC, RGB(255,255,255));
TextOut(hDC, 0, 0, line, 1);
// ( )
// DIB
for (y = 0; y < height; ++y)
{
for (x = 0; x < width; ++x) {
color = GetPixel(hDC, x, height-1-y);
bmp.SetPixel(x, y, color);
}
}
bmp.StoreDib24();
188
3. GDI. , ,
3.5 ()
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
,
KDib. , ,
DIB.
, width, height, bytesPerLine, fileHead, infoHead aBitmapBits,
. BITMAPINFOHEADER,
pInfoHead? , LoadFromFile,
, ,
new.
, ,
/ . ,
, ,
.
,
, KDib , :
CreateDib24 24
.
.
.
, .
SetPixel 24 .
,
aBitmapBits.
y x.
StoreDib24 ,
BMP.
LoadFromFile BMP ,
.
,
, infoHeadSize.
imageSize
.
pInfoHead
aBitmapBits.
.
Draw ,
StretchDIBits.
189
CreateCharBmp.cpp.
, :
bmp KDib.
ANSI_CODE, ANSI. 65
A .
FILE_NAME, BMP,
.
WndProc,
:
WM_CREATE
tm GetTextMetrics.
, height.
C line,
.
ANSI_CODE, .
, ANSI_CODE.
GetTextExtentPoint32
line. width.
bmp.CreateDib24 DIB
.
WM_PAINT
. TextOut,
.

GetPixel.
bmp.SetPixel.
bmp.StoreDib24.
, 1.
symbol.bmp, ,
. 3.6. 8 MS PAINT.
.
. 3.6. symbol.bmp
KDib. ,
LoadFromFile Draw .
1
KWnd.h KWnd.cpp, 1.2.
190
3. GDI. , ,
BMP-
, 3.6,
BMP. .
. .
, ,
. . ,
,
.
KDib,
. ,
. KDib.h KDib.cpp
.
3.6. BmpFileViewer
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// BmpFileViewer.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
#include "KDib.h"
#define
FILE_NAME
"YoungHacker.bmp"
KDib bmp;
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("BmpFileViewer", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT rect;
int dX, dY;
int ws, hs, wd, hd;
static BOOL isFileLoaded;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
isFileLoaded = bmp.LoadFromFile(FILE_NAME);
191
if (!isFileLoaded) {
MessageBox(hWnd, " " FILE_NAME " .", "Error",
MB_OK);
MessageBox(hWnd, bmp.GetError(), "Error", MB_OK);
break;
}
// bmp
dX = bmp.GetWidth() - rect.right;
dY = bmp.GetHeight() - rect.bottom;
GetWindowRect(hWnd, &rect);
InflateRect(&rect, dX/2, dY/2);
MoveWindow(hWnd, rect.left, rect.top,
rect.right-rect.left, rect.bottom-rect.top, TRUE);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
wd = ws = bmp.GetWidth();
hd = hs = bmp.GetHeight();
bmp.Draw(hDC, 0, 0, wd, hd, 0, 0, ws, hs, SRCCOPY);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
, , , ,
BMP, .
YoungHacker.bmp. ?
www.piter.com
.
. , BMP,
.
.
, . 3.7.
bmp.Draw,
StretchDIBits. ,
( )
.

StretchDIBits. .
:
int xd0, yd0, xd1, yd1, xd2, yd2, xd3, yd3;
192
3. GDI. , ,
. 3.7. YoungHacker.bmp BmpFileViewer
. 3.8. BmpFileViewer
193
WM_PAINT :
case WM_PAINT:
ws = bmp.GetWidth();
hs = bmp.GetHeight();
wd = ws/2 - 4;
hd = hs/2 - 4;
xd0 = 2;
yd0 = 2;
xd1 = ws/2 + 2; yd1 = 2;
xd2 = 2;
yd2 = hs/2 + 2;
xd3 = ws/2 + 2; yd3 = hs/2 + 2;
SetStretchBltMode(hDC, STRETCH_HALFTONE);
bmp.Draw(hDC, xd0, yd0, wd, hd, ws, 0, -ws, hs, SRCCOPY);
bmp.Draw(hDC, xd1, yd1, wd, hd, 0, 0, ws, hs, SRCCOPY);
bmp.Draw(hDC, xd2, yd2, wd, hd, ws, hs, -ws, -hs, SRCCOPY);
bmp.Draw(hDC, xd3, yd3, wd, hd, 0, hs, ws, -hs, SRCCOPY);
return 0;
, . 3.8.
-
(DDB) GDI,
GDI .
, . DDB
Windows
GDI.
GDI, HBITMAP. DDB
GDI. , DDB ,

.
DDB-
Win32 GDI GDI:
HBITMAP
UINT
HBITMAP
HBITMAP
CreateBitmap(int nWidth, int nHeight, UINT cPlanes,

cBitsPerPel, CONST VOID* lpvBits);
CreateBitmapIndirect(CONST BITMAP* lpbm);
CreateCompatibleBitmap(HDC hdc, int nWidth, int nHeight);
CreateBitmap DDB nWidth,

nHeight, cPlanes, cBitsPerPel,
lpvBits.
cPlanes cBitsPerPel .
, GDI
cPlanes cBitsPerPel /.
CreateBitmapIndirect ,
BITMAP:
typedef struct tagBITMAP {
LONG
bmType;
// ( 0)
LONG
bmWidth;
//
LONG
bmHeight;
//
194
3. GDI. , ,
LONG
bmWidthBytes; //
//( )
WORD
bmPlanes;
//
WORD
bmBitsPixel;
//
LPVOID bmBits;
//
} BITMAP;
, ,
.
, , ,
. lpvBits
lpbm.bmBits NULL. ,
, ,
,
.
CreateCompatibleBitmap DDB
,
hdc. , ,
.
DDB- DIB
,
DDB.
.
GDI CreateDIBitmap,
DDB DIB, , , DIB DDB.
:
HBITMAP CreateDIBitmap(HDC hdc,
CONST BITMAPINFOHEADER* lpbmih,
DWORD fdwInit, CONST VOID* lpbInit, CONST BITMAPINFO* lpbmi,
UINT fuUsage);
DDB,
hdc, DIB DDB. lpbmih
DIB. fdwInit
DDB. CBM_INIT,
DIB,
. lpbInit , lpbmi
DIB, BITMAPINFO.
, fuUsage, ,
(DIB_PAL_COLORS) RGB (DIB_RGB_COLORS).
, , ,
DIB , , , 3.6,
. StretchDIBits ( KDib
Draw). CreateDIBitmap
DIB, , DDB,
BitBlt (
DDB ). :
?
DDB
.
195
DDB-
Windows DIB (BMP)
1, LoadBitmap,
HBITMAP:
HBITMAP LoadBitmap(
LPCTSTR lpBitmapName
);
//
//
5,
, szBmpName1, ,
IDB_1. lpBitmapName
szBmpName1, ,
LPCTSTR MAKEINTRESOURCE,
MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_1).
Win32 DIB
. LoadBitmap , ,
DIB DDB
, .
LoadBitmap 5.4
12.1.
LoadBitmap
,
Win32 API. hInstance NULL,
OBM_BTNCORNERS, OBM_BTSIZE
.
DDB- BMP-
,
BMP,
LoadImage, , .
:
HANDLE LoadImage(
HINSTANCE hinst,
LPCTSTR lpszName,
UINT uType,
int cxDesired,
int cyDesired,
UINT fuLoad
);
//
//
//
//
//
//
lpszName,
fuLoad LR_LOADFROMFILE, uType
IMAGE_BITMAP. cxDesired cyDesired
.

DDB. ,
NULL.
LoadImage 3.7.
1
Windows 5.
196
3. GDI. , ,

DDB
, .
GetObject,
:
int GetObject(
HGDIOBJ hgdiobj,
int cbBuffer,
LPVOID lpvObject
);
//
//
//
, hgdiobj
, , , ,
HBITMAP.
lpvObject. . 3.7 ,
.
3.7. , lpvObject

HBITMAP
BITMAP
HBITMAP,
CreateDIBSection
DIBSECTION, cbBuffer
sizeof(DIBSECTION), BITMAP, cbBuffer
sizeof(BITMAP)
HPALETTE
WORD
HPEN
LOGPEN
HPEN,
ExtCreatePen
EXTLOGPEN
HBRUSH
LOGBRUSH
HFONT
LOGFONT
lpvObject NULL,
, lpvObject
.
lpvObject NULL,
.
.
GetObject HBITMAP,
,
. bmBits BITMAP
.
DDB-
DDB Windows
, Win32 API DDB.
GDI DDB ,
(
) ().

, .
197
?
,
. GDI
( ). 2
. ,
:
HDC CreateCompatibleDC (HDC hdc);
hdc ,
. CreateCompatibleDC
, . hdc
,
. NULL,
, .
, .
,
. ,
, DDB SelectObject.
DDB hBitmap
hDC
:
//
HDC hMemDC;
//
hMemDC = CreateCompatibleDC(hDC);
// DDB-
SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap);
// hMemDC hDC
BitBlt(hDC, 0, 0, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, hMemDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
//
DeleteDC(hMemDC);
,
.
hDC hMemDC, DDB.

1 GDI BitBlt StretchBlt.
.
BitBlt bit block transfer,
. BitBlt
, .
256 .
:
BOOL BitBlt(HDC hdcDest, int nXDest, int nYDest, int nWidth, int nHeight,
HDC hdcSrc, int nXSrc, int nYSrc, DWORD dwRop);
BitBlt
hdcSrc hdcDest.
nXSrc, nYSrc, nWidth, nHeight
1
198
3. GDI. , ,
.
nXDest, nYDest, nWidth, nHeight
.
RC_BITBLT.
,
nWidth
nHeight.
MM_TEXT,
,
.

.
.

. BitBlt
, .
dwRop ,
,
. ,
SRCCOPY,
.
StretchBlt :
BOOL StretchBlt(HDC hdcDest, int nXDest, int nYDest, int nWidthDest,
int nHeightDest, HDC hdcSrc, int nXSrc, int nYSrc, int nWidthSrc,
int nHeightSrc, DWORD dwRop);
, BitBlt,

.
,
.
, StretchDIBits,
( )
, . 3.6.
DDB
, 3.7, DDB BMP
, . ,
, BmpFileViewer (. 3.6),
.
3.7. BmpFileViewer2
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// BmpFileViewer2.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
#define
FILE_NAME
"YoungHacker.bmp"
199
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("BmpFileViewer2", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT rect;
static int bmpWidth, bmpHeight;
static HBITMAP hBitmap;
//
HINSTANCE hInst;
HDC hMemDC;
//
BITMAP bm;
int dX, dY;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
hInst = (HINSTANCE)GetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HMODULE);
hBitmap = (HBITMAP)LoadImage(hInst, FILE_NAME, IMAGE_BITMAP, 0, 0,
LR_LOADFROMFILE);
if (hBitmap == NULL) {
MessageBox(hWnd, " " FILE_NAME " ", "Error", MB_OK);
break;
}
GetObject(hBitmap, sizeof(bm), &bm);
bmpWidth = bm.bmWidth;
bmpHeight = bm.bmHeight;
// hBitmap
dX = bmpWidth - rect.right;
dY = bmpHeight - rect.bottom;
GetWindowRect(hWnd, &rect);
InflateRect(&rect, dX/2, dY/2);
MoveWindow(hWnd, rect.left, rect.top,
rect.right-rect.left, rect.bottom-rect.top, TRUE);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
//
200
3. GDI. , ,
3.7. ()
// hBitmap
SelectObject(hMemDC, hBitmap);
// hMemDC hDC
BitBlt(hDC, 0, 0, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, hMemDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
DeleteDC(hMemDC);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
. , DDB
hBitmap WM_CREATE
LoadImage. hInst,
LoadImage,
GetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HMODULE).
GetObject.

WM_PAINT .
( ) hMemDC,
hBitmap.
BitBlt. .
,
BmpFileViewer (. . 3.7).
DIB-

. DDB DIB . 3.8.
3.8. DDB DIB
DDB
DIB
GDI
48 M ( )

(
)
Win32 API , DDB

DIB.
201
DIB (DIB section) DIB,

,
GDI. DIB
, , ,
Windows . , ,
DIB.
DIB, , GDI.
GDI DIB,
HBITMAP. DIB,
DeleteObject, .
DIB-
DIB CreateDIBSection:
HBITMAP CreateDIBSection(
HDC hdc,
//
CONST BITMAPINFO* pbmi, //
UINT iUsage,
//
VOID** ppvBits,
//
HANDLE hSection, // ,
DWORD dwOffset
//
);

BITMAPINFO, .
, , . DIB
BI_RGB, .
, , ,
.
iUsage , bmiColors,
BITMAPINFO. iUsage
DIB_PAL_COLORS, bmiColors
. DIB_RGB_COLORS ,
RGB.
ppvBits , GDI
DIB.
hSection NULL. GDI
, dwOffset
. hSection NULL,
, ,
CreateFileMapping PAGE_READWRITE PAGE_WRITECOPY.
,
dwOffset.

,
DIB (. KDib 3.5).
DIB
KDibSection, 12,
(. 12.4).
202
3. GDI. , ,
DIB-
DIB
:
DIB StretchDIBits SetDIBitsToDevice;
GDI, hBitmap,
BitBlt StretchBlt.
DIB ArincReceiver (
12, 12.4).

, dwRop, BitBlt, PatBlt StretchBlt
, GDI,

.
. ,
.
Win32 API 256 ROP (rasteroperation codes).
32 DWORD.
256 ,
,
.
Microsoft
256. , ,
.
. 3.9, : P
(pattern), S (source), D (destination).
3.9.
Pattern:
Source:
Destination:
11110000
11001100
10101010
ROP-
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
D=0
D = ~(S | D)
D = ~S
D = S & ~D
D = ~D
D=P^D
D=S^D
D=S&D
D = ~S | D
D=P&S
D=S
D=S|D
D=P
D = P | ~S | D
0x00000042
0x001100A6
0x00330008
0x00440328
0x00550009
0x005A0049
0x00660046
0x008800C6
0x00BB0226
0x00C000CA
0x00CC0020
0x00EE0086
0x00F00021
0x00FB0A09
BLACKNESS
NOTSRCERASE
NOTSRCCOPY
SRCERASE
DSTINVERT
PATINVERT
SRCINVERT
SRCAND
MERGEPAINT
MERGECOPY
SRCCOPY
SRCPAINT
PATCOPY
PATPAINT
D=1
0x00FF0062
WHITENESS
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0000
0001
0011
0100
0101
1010
0110
1000
1011
0000
1100
1110
0000
1011
11111111
203
MSDN
(Platform SDKWindows GDITernary Raster Operations).
,
. ,
, ROP.
. 3.9 ,
.
.

BLACKNESS WHITENESS , ,
.
. (Black) (White)
, 0,
1. C
:
Black
Black
Black
White
White
White
AND C
OR C
XOR C
AND C
OR C
XOR C
=
=
=
=
=
=
Black
C
C
C
White
NOT C

.
,
SRCCOPY NOTSRCCOPY.
SRCCOPY .
.
.
NOTSRCCOPY ,
.
,
DSTINVERT .
,
. 3.9 PATINVERT PATCOPY. 16
, ,
. GDI
, :
BOOL PatBlt(HDC hdc, int nXLeft, int nYLeft, int nWidth, int nHeight,
DWORD dwRop);
PatBlt
. ROP 1,
, , . 3.9.
1
. MSDN.
204
3. GDI. , ,
,
NOTSRCERASE, SRCERASE, SRCINVERT, SRCAND, MERGEPAINT
SRCPAINT. , SRCINVERT SRCAND
Windows .
, , ,
Windows.
Shell32.dll1. ,
LoadLibrary,
(hShell32),
. , ,
hShell32. LoadImage.
, LoadImage 12,
, CDROM.
LoadImage
hIcon.
GetIconInfo(hIcon, &iconInfo);
,
iconInfo ICONINFO. :
HBITMAP hbmMask;
HBITMAP hbmColor;
,
, ,
. . 3.9
CDROM.
. 3.9. CD-ROM
48 48. ?
,
, .
,
.
.
, 3.8, ,
.
3.8. DrawIconWithRop
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// DrawIconWithRop.cpp
1
5.
205
#include
"KWnd.h"
#define ICON_ID
12

//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("Draw icon with ROP", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
static HINSTANCE hShell32;
ICONINFO iconInfo;
BITMAP bmp;
HICON hIcon;
HDC hMemDC;
int x = 20, y = 20;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hShell32 = LoadLibrary("Shell32.dll");
SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HBRBACKGROUND,
(LONG)CreateSolidBrush (RGB(180,140,200)));
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hIcon = (HICON)LoadImage(hShell32, MAKEINTRESOURCE(ICON_ID),
IMAGE_ICON, 48, 48, LR_DEFAULTCOLOR);
if (!hIcon) {
MessageBox(hWnd, " ", "Error", MB_OK);
break;
}
GetIconInfo(hIcon, &iconInfo);
GetObject(iconInfo.hbmMask, sizeof(bmp), &bmp);
//
SelectObject(hMemDC, iconInfo.hbmMask);
BitBlt(hDC, x, y, bmp.bmWidth, bmp.bmHeight, hMemDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
//
206
3. GDI. , ,
3.8 ()
SelectObject(hMemDC, iconInfo.hbmColor);
BitBlt(hDC, x+60, y, bmp.bmWidth, bmp.bmHeight, hMemDC, 0, 0,
SRCCOPY);
//
SelectObject(hMemDC, iconInfo.hbmMask);
SRCAND);
SelectObject(hMemDC, iconInfo.hbmColor);
SRCINVERT);
// DrawIcon
DrawIcon(hDC, x+188, y, hIcon);
DeleteObject(hMemDC);
DestroyIcon(hIcon);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
BitBlt
SRCAND .
, .
, BitBlt
SRCINVERT.
. 3.10.
: (), (), (),
, (),
DrawIcon,
32 32 .
. 3.10. DrawIconWithRop
GDI,
. ,
. ,
207
,
, , , ,
.
,
GDI.
,
,
, .

,
. ,
.
, .

,
.
.
16 WMF1 Windows 2.0.

,
. Win32 32 EMF (Enhanced Metafile
Format).
,
. , 32 . Win32
API WMF EMF.
EMF,
.

GDI, , ,
DIB.
HENHMETAFILE.
GDI
, .
CreateEnhMetaFile:
HDC CreateEnhMetaFile(HDC hdcRef, LPCTSTR lpFilename, CONST RECT* lpRect,
LPCTSTR lpDescription);
, hdcRef, ,
EMF.
NULL, GDI .
, lpFilename,
NULL. NULL, .
, DeleteEnhMetaFile
.
1
WMF Windows Metafile Format.
208
3. GDI. , ,
, lpRect,
0,01 . NULL, GDI
.
, lpDescription,
, .
, .
.
CreateEnhMetaFile
. GDI
.
, CloseEnhMetaFile,

.
.
,
CreateEnhMetaFile,
DeleteEnhMetaFile, .
,
3.9. CreateMetaFile
, ,
,
.
3.9. CreateMetaFile
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// CreateMetaFile.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
#define FILE_NAME "Pict1.emf"
void DrawSomething(HDC);
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("CreateMetaFile", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT rect;

static HDC hdcEMF;
HENHMETAFILE hemf;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hdcEMF = CreateEnhMetaFile(NULL, FILE_NAME, NULL,
"CreateMetaFile\0Pict1\0");
break;
case WM_PAINT:
DrawSomething(hDC);
DrawSomething(hdcEMF);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
hemf = CloseEnhMetaFile(hdcEMF);
DeleteEnhMetaFile(hemf);
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
void DrawSomething(HDC hdc) {
RECT r;
HPEN hPen, hOldPen;
HBRUSH hBrush, hOldBrush;
SetRect(&r, 20, 20, 220, 220);
hOldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hdc, hPen);
hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(140, 160, 255));
hOldBrush = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
Rectangle(hdc, r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);
SelectObject(hdc, hPen);
hBrush = CreateSolidBrush(RGB(100, 100, 100));
SelectObject(hdc, hBrush);
InflateRect(&r, -40, -40);
Ellipse(hdc, r.left, r.top, r.right, r.bottom);
SetBkMode(hdc, TRANSPARENT);
DrawText(hdc, "YES !", -1, &r, DT_CENTER | DT_SINGLELINE | DT_VCENTER);
DeleteObject(SelectObject(hdc, hOldPen));
DeleteObject(SelectObject(hdc, hOldBrush));
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
209
210
3. GDI. , ,

WM_CREATE. hdcEMF static,
,
.
DrawSomething,
hdc, .
,
200 200 , ,
.
WM_PAINT DrawSomething
: , .
WM_DESTROY :
hemf = CloseEnhMetaFile(hdcEMF);
.
.
, . 3.11.
True Color, , , ,
, ,
, , .
. 3.11. CreateMetaFile
, .
.
Pict1.emf. .
,
EMF, , ACDSee.

PlayEnhMetaFile,
:
BOOL PlayEnhMetaFile(HDC hdc, HENHMETAFILE hemf, CONST RECT* lpRect);
, hdc, .
.

hdc.
211
, .
GetEnhMetaFileHeader:
HENHMETAFILE GetEnhMetaFile(LPCTSTR lpszMetaFile);
lpszMetaFile.
, lpszMetaFile
.
:
PlayEnhMetaFile?
GetEnhMetaFileHeader,
ENHMETAHEADER, rclBounds
.
3.10 ,
Pict1.emf.
PlayMetaFile.
3.10. PlayMetaFile
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
//
PlayMetaFile.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
#define FILE_NAME "Pict1.emf"
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("PlayMetaFile", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
RECT rect;
HENHMETAFILE hemf;
ENHMETAHEADER emh;
int x1, y1, x2, y2;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_PAINT:
hemf = GetEnhMetaFile(FILE_NAME);
212
3. GDI. , ,
3.10 ()
if (!hemf)
MessageBox(hWnd, " " FILE_NAME " .", "Error", MB_OK);
else {
GetEnhMetaFileHeader(hemf, sizeof(ENHMETAHEADER), &emh);
x1 = emh.rclBounds.left; y1 = emh.rclBounds.top;
x2 = emh.rclBounds.right; y2 = emh.rclBounds.bottom;
SetRect(&rect, x1, y1, x2, y2);
PlayEnhMetaFile(hDC, hemf, &rect);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

,
SetRect(&rect, x1, y1, x2, y2);
:
SetRect(&rect,
SetRect(&rect,
SetRect(&rect,
SetRect(&rect,
x1,
x1,
x1,
x1,
y1,
y1,
y1,
y1,
2 * x2, y2);
x2, 2 * y2);
2 * x2, 2 * y2);
0.5* x2, 0.5 * y2);
, .
213
, Windows,
,
.
, , ,
.

. , ,
, . Win32 API
.
Windows ,
, .
.
1.
. 4.1 ,
.
. 4.1.
1
,
.
214
4.
,
. (scan
code) ,
1.
,
.
(virtualkey code). ,
Windows
. ,
, /
. .
Windows
, .
,
.

, Windows,
.
,
. Windows ,
. (keyboard focus) ,
,
. , ,
.
.
,
. ,
. , Windows
.
,
. ,
, , ,
. ,
. , ,
, , .
, . Windows
,
, ,
.
WM_SETFOCUS WM_KILLFOCUS,
.
, ,
.
1
OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer

Scan Code).
215
:
HWND SetFocus(HWND hWnd) hWnd,
, .
HWND GetFocus() ,
.

,
,
.

, . ,
,
. ANSI1.
.
, .
, ,
,
.
:
Caps Lock, Num Lock, Scroll Lock
Insert. ,
. ,
.
Shift, Ctrl Alt.

.
.
, , ,
, Pause, Delete.
, , , Tab, Backspace,
Esc Enter. , Tab, Backspace, Esc Enter
.
, Windows,
(keystrokes) (characters).

.

. 4.1.
.
SYS .
1
. 2, .
216
4.
4.1.
WM_KEYDOWN
WM_KEYUP
WM_SYSKEYDOWN
WM_SYSKEYUP
WM_SYSKEYDOWN WM_SYSKEYUP,
Alt, Windows,
.
. ,
(Alt + Tab), (Alt
). Windows
Alt, , ,
.
,
(, ).
.
,
, Windows WM_KEYDOWN
WM_KEYUP, , , .
32 lParam,
, 6 (. 4.2).
4.2. lParam
15 . . . 0
. ,
, .
WM_KEYUP
23 . . . 16
C-
- OEM
24
1 IBM ( , Alt Ctrl

)
29
1, Alt ( WM_KEYDOWN WM_KEYUP 0 )
30
, , ,

31
, , ,
lParam
, wParam,
.
(virtual key code)
.
winuser.h. . 4.3
.
217
4.3.
IBM
03
VK_CANCEL
Ctrl + Break
08
VK_BACK
Backspace
09
VK_TAB
Tab
13
0D
VK_RETURN
Enter
16
10
VK_SHIFT
Shift
17
11
VK_CONTROL
Ctrl
18
12
VK_MENU
Alt
19
13
VK_PAUSE
Pause
20
14
VK_CAPITAL
Caps Lock
27
1B
VK_ESCAPE
Esc
32
20
VK_SPACE
33
21
VK_PRIOR
Page Up
34
22
VK_NEXT
Page Down
35
23
VK_END
End
36
24
VK_HOME
Home
37
25
VK_LEFT
38
26
VK_UP
39
27
VK_RIGHT
40
28
VK_DOWN
44
2C
VK_SNAPSHOT
Print Screen
45
2D
VK_INSERT
Insert
46
2E
VK_DELETE
4857
3039
6590
415A
112123
707B
Delete
09 (
)
AZ
VK_F1VK_F12
F1F12
144
90
VK_NUMLOCK
Num Lock
145
91
VK_SCROLL
Scroll Lock

, . ,
WM_KEYDOWN,
, Shift
.
. ,
, WM_CHAR.

,
.
, ,
218
4.
. TranslateMessage,
, WinMain

}
, GetMessage
msg, DispatchMessage
.
TranslateMessage,

. WM_KEYDOWN,

, TranslateMessage .
WM_KEYDOWN
WM_CHAR WM_DEADCHAR.
WM_DEADCHAR.

(dead keys), ,
, .
, . ,
U (U)
, U. ,
WM_DEADCHAR, Windows
, WM_CHAR,
ANSI .
,
WM_CHAR. lParam WM_CHAR,
, , lParam
. wParam ANSI.

. , Caps
Lock 1, A,
:
WM_KEYDOWN
WM_CHAR
ANSI- a
WM_KEYUP
, Shift, A,
A Shift,
:
1
Caps Lock
<Caps Lock>.
219
WM_KEYDOWN
WM_KEYDOWN
WM_CHAR
WM_KEYUP
VK_SHIFT
A
ANSI- A
A
WM_KEYUP
VK_SHIFT

. ,
, ,
. ,
,
.
Win32 API ,
:
CreateCaret .
SetCaretPos .
ShowCaret .
HideCaret .
DestroyCaret .

WM_CREATE WM_DESTROY.

. ,
, .
, ,
WM_SETFOCUS WM_KILLFOCUS.
.
CreateCaret WM_SETFOCUS
DestroyCaret WM_KILLFOCUS.
CreateCaret,
:
BOOL CreateCaret(HWND hWnd, HBITMAP hBitmap, int nWidth, int nHeight);
,
.
.
, NULL.
hBitmap NULL,
nWidth nHeight, .
hBitmap , ,
NULL,
, .
.
220
4.
hBitmap ,
. nWidth nHeight .
nWidth nHeight
. . nWidth
,
, . nHeight
, ,
1.
CreateCaret
. .
CreateCaret .
, ShowCaret.
DestroyCaret
HideCaret.

Typer, 4.1,
.
.
, ,
Enter,
, ,
, .
, ,
.
, ,
string C++
C.
,
.
string,
:
#include <string>
( string)
:
static string text;
static
text 2.
, string,
, .
1

GetSystemMetrics (SM_CXBORDER) GetSystemMetrics (SM_CYBORDER) .
, static,
WndProc.
221
symb
+= :
text += symb;
insert symb
index:
text.insert(index, symb);
n , index, erase:
text.erase(index, n);

size, , , :
nLines = text.size() / nCharPerLine;
, text
C c_str. TextOut,
C.
WM_KEYDOWN, WM_CHAR, WM_SETFOCUS,
WM_KILLFOCUS, Typer
.
.
4.1. Typer1
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Typer.cpp
#include <string>
#include KWnd.h
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd(Typer, hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
KWnd.h KWnd.cpp, 1.2 (

1).
222
4.
4.1 ()
TEXTMETRIC tm;
static string text; //
string symb;
static int cxChar, cyChar, cxClient, cyClient;
static int nCharPerLine, nClientLines;
static int xCaret = 0, yCaret = 0;
int curIndex;
int nLines; //
int nTailChar; //
int x, y, i;
switch (uMsg) {
case WM_CREATE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
SelectObject(hDC, GetStockObject(SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT));
cxChar = tm.tmAveCharWidth;
cyChar = tm.tmHeight;
break;
case WM_SIZE:
//
// ( 'x') ( 'y')
nCharPerLine = max(1, cxClient / cxChar);
nClientLines = max(1, cyClient / cyChar);
if (hWnd == GetFocus())
SetCaretPos(xCaret * cxChar, yCaret * cyChar);
break;
case WM_SETFOCUS:
//
CreateCaret(hWnd, NULL, 0, cyChar);
ShowCaret(hWnd);
break;
case WM_KILLFOCUS:
//
HideCaret(hWnd);
DestroyCaret();
break;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
nTailChar = text.size() % nCharPerLine;
switch (wParam) {
case VK_HOME:
xCaret = 0;
break;
223
case VK_END:
if (yCaret == nLines)
xCaret = nTailChar;
else
xCaret = nCharPerLine - 1;
break;
case VK_PRIOR: yCaret = 0;
break;
case VK_NEXT:
yCaret = nLines;
xCaret = nTailChar;
break;
case VK_LEFT:
xCaret = max(xCaret - 1, 0);
break;
case VK_RIGHT: xCaret = min(xCaret + 1, nCharPerLine - 1);
if ((yCaret == nLines) && (xCaret > nTailChar))
xCaret = nTailChar;
break;
case VK_UP:
yCaret = max(yCaret - 1, 0);
break;
case VK_DOWN:
yCaret = min(yCaret + 1, nLines);
if ((yCaret == nLines) && (xCaret > nTailChar))
xCaret = nTailChar;
break;
case VK_DELETE: curIndex = yCaret * nCharPerLine + xCaret;
if (curIndex < text.size()) {
text.erase(curIndex, 1);
}
break;
}
break;
case WM_CHAR:
switch (wParam) {
case '\b': // 'backspace'
if (xCaret > 0) {
xCaret--;
SendMessage(hWnd, WM_KEYDOWN, VK_DELETE, 1);
}
break;
case '\t': // 'tab'
do { SendMessage(hWnd, WM_CHAR, ' ', 1L); }
while (xCaret % 8 != 0);
break;
case '\r': case '\n': //
for (i = 0; i < nCharPerLine - xCaret; ++i)
text += ' ';
xCaret = 0;
if (++yCaret == nClientLines) {
yCaret--;
}
224
4.
4.1 ()
break;
default: //
curIndex = yCaret * nCharPerLine + xCaret;
if (curIndex == text.size())
text += (char)wParam;
else {
symb = (char)wParam;
text.insert(curIndex, symb);
}
if (++xCaret == nCharPerLine) {
xCaret = 0;
if (++yCaret == nClientLines) {
yCaret--;
}
}
break;
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
SelectObject(hDC, GetStockObject(SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT));
if (text.size()) {
nTailChar = text.size() % nCharPerLine;
for (y = 0; y < nLines; ++y)
TextOut(hDC, 0, y*cyChar, text.c_str() + y*nCharPerLine,
nCharPerLine);
TextOut(hDC, 0, y*cyChar, text.c_str() + y*nCharPerLine,
nTailChar);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
,
Typer. .
WM_SETFOCUS :
225
CreateCaret(hWnd, NULL, 0, cyChar);

CreateCaret(hWnd, 1, 0, cyChar);

CreateCaret(hWnd, 1, 10, cyChar);
, .
. Win32
API , ,
.
GetSystemMetrics:
fMouse = GetSystemMetrics (SM_MOUSEPRESENT);
, fMouse TRUE.
:
cButtons = GetSystemMetrics (SM_CMOUSEBUTTONS);
, .
, ,
.
,
, .
.
, ,
, .

Windows, Microsoft IntelliMouse.
,
,
, .
.
, , ,
.
, ,
,
.

GetSystemMetrics:
fMouseWheel = GetSystemMetrics(SM_MOUSEWHEELPRESENT);
TRUE, .
,
Windows , ,
.
,
.
226
4.
,
, Windows
, (mouse
cursor).
(hot spot) ,
. ,
. ,
(IDC_ARROW) .
, (IDC_CROSS),
.
, , ,
. ,
:
wc.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
:
.
.
, .
,
Windows, LBUTTON, MBUTTON RBUTTON.
.
.

, , Windows
, .
Windows .
, , ,
.
,
WM_MOUSEMOVE.
,
:
( )
WM_LBUTTONDOWN
WM_LBUTTONUP
WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK
WM_MBUTTONDOWN
WM_MBUTTONUP
WM_MBUTTONDBLCLK
WM_RBUTTONDOWN
WM_RBUTTONUP
WM_RBUTTONDBLCLK
lParam
. x,
y.
. lParam
LOWORD HIWORD.
227
wParam Shift
Ctrl. wParam
:
MK_LBUTTON
MK_MBUTTON
MK_RBUTTON
MK_SHIFT
Shift
MK_CONTROL
Ctrl

, Windows ,
WM_LBUTTONDOWN.

,
.

(Mouse), .
,
(DBLCLK) ,
CS_DBLCLKS.
style WNDCLASS , .
, KWnd,
:
style = GetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_STYLE);
SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_STYLE, style | CS_DBLCLKS);
CS_DBLCLKS
,
WM_LBUTTONDOWN, WM_LBUTTONUP, WM_LBUTTONDOWN WM_LBUTTONUP.
CS_DBLCLKS,
WM_LBUTTONDOWN, WM_LBUTTONUP, WM_ LBUTTONDBLCLK WM_LBUTTONUP. ,
WM_LBUTTONDOWN WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK.
WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK 4.4.

Windows ,
.
WM_MOUSEWHEEL.
,
:
#include <zmouse.h>
zmouse.h .
228
4.
wParam WM_MOUSEWHEEL
, ,
Shift Ctrl.
wParam ,
, .
, WHEEL_DELTA.
zmouse.h 120.
WM_MOUSEWHEEL ,
4.5.
.

, ,
.
, ,
, , , .
, .
Scribble ( 4.2).
4.2. Scribble
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Scribble.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("Scribble", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
static HDC hDC;
static int x, y; //
static BOOL bTracking = FALSE;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
229
break;
case WM_LBUTTONDOWN:
bTracking = TRUE;
//
x = LOWORD(lParam);
y = HIWORD(lParam);
MoveToEx(hDC, x, y, NULL);
break;
case WM_LBUTTONUP:
bTracking = FALSE;
break;
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
if (bTracking) {
//
x = LOWORD(lParam);
y = HIWORD(lParam);
LineTo(hDC, x, y);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

. , WM_LBUTTONDOWN,
bTracking TRUE
MoveToEx.
WM_MOUSEMOVE
. , bTracking
FALSE .
,
MoveToEx LineTo. hDC
static. .
GetDC WM_CREATE,
ReleaseDC WM_DESTROY. .

, ,
WM_PAINT. ,
.
hDC ,
,
LineTo, WndProc.
230
4.
. 4.2 Scribble.
. 4.2. Scribble
?.. ,
, ! ,
WM_PAINT,
!
.
WM_PAINT?
! ,
. ,
,
. ,
.
vector
STL. vector , ,
,
. string vector
.
vector,
:
#include <vector>
vector ,
, :
vector<int> v1; // v1 - int
, , vector,
, .
v1, , ,
.
push_back:
v1.push_back(value);
int v1
value.
231

size.
,
, ,
.

v1:
vector<int>::iterator it; // it vector<int>
for (it = v1.begin(); it != v1.end(); ++it) {
// *it it
}
begin() , v1,
end() , ,
v1.
,
clear.
vector ,
.
,
.
x y. Win32 API POINT,
. , ,
:
static vector<POINT> curve;
, . , ,
POINT ,
1 POINT(x, y),
:
curve.push_back(POINT(x, y));
, Point,
:
struct Point {
Point(int _x = 0, int _y = 0) : x(_x), y(_y) {}
int x;
int y;
};
,
, :
static vector<Point> curve;
, ,
WM_LBUTTONUP.
curve curves,
curve:
static vector<vector<Point> > curves;
1
, ,
(public). ,
.
232
4.
curves .
vector<Point>.
. ,
.
ScribbleAdvanced, Scribble,
4.3.
4.3. ScribbleAdvanced
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ScribbleAdvanced.cpp
#include <vector>
#include "KWnd.h"
struct Point {
Point(int _x = 0, int _y = 0) : x(_x), y(_y) {}
int x;
int y;
};
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("ScribbleAdvanced", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
static HDC hDC; //
HDC hdc; //
// WM_PAINT
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
static int x, y; //
static vector<Point> curve;
static vector<vector<Point> > curves;
vector<Point>::iterator it;
int i, j;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
233
break;
bTracking = TRUE;
//
x = LOWORD(lParam);
y = HIWORD(lParam);
MoveToEx(hDC, x, y, NULL);
curve.push_back(Point(x, y));
break;
case WM_LBUTTONUP:
if (bTracking) {
bTracking = FALSE;
curves.push_back(curve);
curve.clear();
}
break;
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
if (bTracking) {
//
x = LOWORD(lParam);
y = HIWORD(lParam);
LineTo(hDC, x, y);
curve.push_back(Point(x, y));
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
hdc = BeginPaint(hWnd, &ps);
for (i = 0; i < curves.size(); ++i) {
it = curves[i].begin();
MoveToEx(hdc, it->x, it->y, NULL);
for (it + 1; it != curves[i].end(); ++it)
LineTo(hdc, it->x, it->y);
}
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
, ,
WM_PAINT. ,
hdc,
hDC, .
234
4.
, curves
, (
vector<Point>) it.
: , , it
*it? , , ,
Point, x y.
LineTo :
LineTo(hdc, (*it).x, (*it).y);
. C++
, (*it).x
it->x. LineTo :
LineTo(hdc, it->x, it->y);

, .

, ,
. ,
,
.
, ,
. ,
, , .
ElasticRect, 4.4,
. ,
, .

, .

.

. WM_MOUSEMOVE,
,

.
,
R2_XORPEN R2_NOTXORPEN.

, .
: R2_XORPEN R2_NOTXORPEN?
,
R2_NOTXORPEN. ,
R2_XORPEN. ?
1 / (0 ,
1 ), . 4.4 4.5.
235
4.4. R2_XORPEN
R2_XORPEN
4.5. R2_NOTXORPEN
R2_NOTXORPEN
,
, ,
. ,
, . ,

R2_XORPEN
R2_NOTXORPEN.
RGB.
, . 4.4 4.5,
, .

( PS_SOLID).
(, PS_DOT),
:
R2_XORPEN, R2_NOTXORPEN.
.
, ( 4.4).
4.4. ElasticRect
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// ElasticRect.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("Elastic Rectangle", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);
236
4.
4.4 ()
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
UINT style;
static HDC hDC;
static
int x1, y1, x2, y2;
static HBRUSH hOldBrush;
static HPEN hDotPen, hOldPen;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
style = GetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_STYLE);
SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_STYLE, style | CS_DBLCLKS);
hDotPen = CreatePen(PS_DOT, 1, RGB(0,0,0));
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
hOldBrush = (HBRUSH)SelectObject(hDC, GetStockObject(HOLLOW_BRUSH));
break;
bTracking = TRUE;
SetROP2(hDC, R2_NOTXORPEN);
x1 = x2 = LOWORD(lParam);
y1 = y2 = HIWORD(lParam);
hOldPen = (HPEN)SelectObject(hDC, hDotPen);
Rectangle(hDC, x1, y1, x2, y2);
break;
case WM_LBUTTONUP:
if (bTracking) {
bTracking = FALSE;
SetROP2(hDC, R2_COPYPEN);
//
x2 = LOWORD(lParam);
y2 = HIWORD(lParam);
SelectObject(hDC, hOldPen);
}
break;
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
if (bTracking) {
//
//
}
237
break;
case WM_LBUTTONDBLCLK:
bTracking = FALSE;
Rectangle(hDC, x1, y1, x1 + 100, y1 + 100);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
SelectObject(hDC, hOldBrush);
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
WM_CREATE,
WM_LBUTTONDOWN WM_LBUTTONUP.
WM_CREATE
CS_DBLCLKS.
. hDotPen
PS_DOT hDC,
.
(HOLLOW_BRUSH), .
WM_LBUTTONDOWN
R2_NOTXORPEN
hDotPen. WM_MOUSEMOVE
.
WM_LBUTTONUP
R2_COPYPEN
(hOldPen).
WM_PAINT,
, Scribble,
.
ScribbleAdvanced,
.

TextViewer (. 2.2),
.
, Windows
. Windows
238
4.
SB_.
.
, ,
TextViewer, ,
.
, , ,
.
. WM_KEYDOWN,
,
WM_VSCROLL WM_HSCROLL.
.
, ,
, ,
, SB_. , ,
SB_.
Win32 API .
SendMessage,
:
LRESULT SendMessage(HWND hWnd, UINT Msg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
, ,
. SendMessage, Windows
hWnd,
. ,
Windows SendMessage .
4.5
1.
4.5. TextViewerAdv
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// TextViewerAdv.cpp
#include <zmouse.h>
//
#include "KWnd.h"
#define FILE_NAME "D:\\Program files\\Microsoft Visual
Studio\\VC98\\MFC\\SRC\\README.TXT"
KDocument doc;
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd.h, KWnd.cpp, KDocument.h, KDocument.cpp.

2.2.
239
if (!doc.Open(FILE_NAME))
return 0;
KWnd mainWnd("Text Viewer Advanced", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc, NULL,
CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CW_USEDEFAULT, 0, CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW,
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW | WS_VSCROLL | WS_HSCROLL);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
{
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
TEXTMETRIC tm;
int cxClient=0, cyClient=0;
static int xInc, yInc;
short status;
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
doc.Initialize(&tm);
break;
case WM_SIZE:
hDC = GetDC(hWnd);
if (cxClient > 0)
doc.ScrollSettings(hWnd, cxClient, cyClient);
break;
case WM_VSCROLL:
case SB_LINEUP:
yInc = -1; break;
case SB_LINEDOWN:
yInc = 1; break;
case SB_PAGEUP:
yInc = -(int)doc.vsi.nPage; break;
case SB_PAGEDOWN:
yInc = (int)doc.vsi.nPage; break;
case SB_THUMBTRACK:
yInc = HIWORD(wParam) - doc.vsi.nPos;
case SB_TOP:
yInc = -doc.vsi.nPos; break;
case SB_BOTTOM:
break;
240
4.
4.5 ()
yInc = doc.vsi.nMax - doc.vsi.nPos;
default:
yInc = 0;
}
break;
break;
case WM_HSCROLL:
case SB_LINELEFT:
xInc = -1; break;
case SB_LINERIGHT:
xInc = 1; break;
case SB_PAGELEFT:
xInc = -0.8 * (int)doc.hsi.nPage; break;
case SB_PAGERIGHT:
xInc = 0.8 * (int)doc.hsi.nPage; break;
case SB_THUMBTRACK:
xInc = HIWORD(wParam) - doc.hsi.nPos; break;
case SB_TOP:
xInc = -doc.hsi.nPos; break;
case SB_BOTTOM:
xInc = doc.hsi.nMax - doc.hsi.nPos; break;
default:
xInc = 0;
}
break;
case WM_MOUSEWHEEL:
if (LOWORD(wParam) & MK_SHIFT) {
xInc = -3 * (short)HIWORD(wParam) / WHEEL_DELTA;
}
else {
yInc = -3 * (short)HIWORD(wParam) / WHEEL_DELTA;
}
break;
case WM_KEYDOWN:
switch (wParam) {
case VK_UP:
SendMessage(hWnd,
break;
case VK_DOWN: SendMessage(hWnd,
break;
case VK_LEFT: SendMessage(hWnd,
break;
case VK_RIGHT: SendMessage(hWnd,
break;
case VK_PRIOR: SendMessage(hWnd,
break;
case VK_NEXT: SendMessage(hWnd,
break;
WM_VSCROLL, SB_LINEUP, 0);

WM_VSCROLL, SB_LINEDOWN, 0);
WM_HSCROLL, SB_LINELEFT, 0);
WM_HSCROLL, SB_LINERIGHT, 0);
WM_VSCROLL, SB_PAGEUP, 0);
WM_VSCROLL, SB_PAGEDOWN, 0);
case VK_HOME:
status = GetKeyState(VK_CONTROL);
241
if (0x80 & status) SendMessage(hWnd, WM_VSCROLL, SB_TOP, 0);

else
SendMessage(hWnd, WM_HSCROLL, SB_TOP, 0);
break;
case VK_END:
status = GetKeyState(VK_CONTROL);
if (0x80 & status) SendMessage(hWnd, WM_VSCROLL, SB_BOTTOM, 0);
else
SendMessage(hWnd, WM_HSCROLL, SB_BOTTOM, 0);
break;
}
break;
case WM_PAINT:
doc.PutText(hWnd, hDC);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return (DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam));
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
WM_MOUSEWHEEL
WM_KEYDOWN.
short (short)
HIWORD(wParam) WM_MOUSEWHEEL.
, .
WM_MOUSEWHEEL
Shift. ,
, .

TextViewer TextViewerAdv.
242
5. Windows-
Windows-
Windows.
, , , , ,
, .
(
) . , 1.1
,
.

(resource script), ASCII .rc.
,
,
,
.
,
.
MS Visual Studio 6.0
.
FileSave.
Visual Studio
script1.rc.
, (,
MyApp.rc).
( rc.exe
).
.res.

.obj .lib. Visual Studio
Build .
Windows
.
.
243

. MS Visual Studio 6.0
:
, , ,
;
, .

, .
, , ,
, 1.
. 6, 7 8
, .
, Windows
, . ,
,
. , Windows
Start (), ,
, , Windows
Explorer . ,
.
Windows
32 32 . Windows 95,
: 16 16 , 32 32
48 48 .
16,
256 .
, Start. ,
1
(MSDN) , .
, .
, ,
. , .
244
5. Windows-
, . ,
Windows Explorer,
.
(48 48) ,
Windows.
,
.
:
.
Visual Studio,
, .ico,
:
32 32, 16 ( ).
32 32, 256 .
48 48, 256 .
32 32, .
16 16, 16 .
,
. Windows
, .
.

.
,
.
.

.
. ,
Win32 Application Russia.
Russia.cpp, ,
5.1.
5.1. Russia ( )
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Russia.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
KWnd mainWnd("Russia today", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc, NULL, 0, 0,
400, 300);
245
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Russia KWnd.h KWnd.cpp,

Hello2 ( 1.2), Russia.
Visual Studio ,
. 5.1.
. 5.1. Visual Studio Russia
, Workspace :
ClassView FileView. FileView
, .
246
5. Windows-

:
1. . Visual Studio
InsertResource. Insert
Resource (. 5.2).
. 5.2. Insert Resource
Icon New.
Script1 IDI_ICON1
(. 5.3).
. 5.3. Visual Studio
247
.
Graphics , Colors
. ,

Graphics Colors.
2. . Device
Standard (3232).
New Device Image.
, New Icon Image Target device (. 5.4).
. 5.4. New Icon Image
,
OK, Device.
Russia.cpp .
Small(1616)
OK.
.
3. .
: Script1 IDI_ICON1 (Icon).
.
Script1, .
, ,
(. . 5).
.
IDI_ICON1.
,
IDI_ICON2, IDI_ICON3 . .
.
, .
,
IDI_TRICOLOUR.

. Icon Properties
(. 5.5).
General ID
File name ,
.
IDI_TRICOLOUR tricol.ico.
248
5. Windows-
. 5.5. Icon Properties
, Palette.
16 .
, Colors.
256 , 256 ,
.
Icon Properties, .
Script1
IDI_TRICOLOUR.
4. .
(16 16). , . 5.3, ,
(darkcyan) .

1.
Graphics,
. Colors.
MS Paint,
.
. 5.6.
. 5.6.
.
,
. 1 2.
1
,
.
Russia ,
(www.piter.com), .
249
(3232),
Device.
.
Russia,
(. 5.7).
. 5.7.
, 256
, Palette Icon Properties
(. . 5.5).
5. .
Visual Studio FileSave.

,
.
,
Save As ( ). File Name ( )
Script1.rc. Script1 ,
Russia, Save ().
Russia.rc IDI_TRICOLOUR.
.
Workspace Resource Files
Add Files to Folder.
Insert Files .
Russia.rc, Visual
Studio , . 5.8.
, FileView.
Resource Files : Russia.rc
tricol.ico. , Workspace
ResourceView. ,
, Icon c
IDI_TRICOLOUR.
250
5. Windows-
. 5.8. Visual Studio
6. resource.h (
). ,
resource.h,
. ,

. Workspace
Header Files
Add Files to Folder. Insert
Files resource.h.
resource.h , ,
. (DLL), , .
11.

.
, ,
.

.

, .
251
, ,
AnyIcon.ico.
AnyIcon.ico .
:
Visual Studio InsertResource.
Insert Resource Icon
Import.
Import Resource ,
, AnyIcon.ico.

.
. 3
.

, . 5 6 .

.
, , .

,

.

Workspace ResourceView
.
, ,
, , , . 5.8.
.
,
FileSave.

,
. Visual Studio FileOpen.
Open (),
. 5.9.
,
( Russia). ,
. Open
as Text.
( Russia.rc). Visual
Studio .
252
5. Windows-
. 5.9. Open
Russia.rc,
:
IDI_TRICOLOUR
ICON
DISCARDABLE
"tricol.ico"
.
.
, .
:
_
DISCARDABLE
_ Windows C
, . _
ASCII
, Windows .
_ C,
( ) .
, C Windows,
Visual Studio
. ,
resource.h Russia, :
#define
IDI_TRICOLOUR
101

:
101
ICON
DISCARDABLE
"tricol.ico"
, , Russia.rc,
IDI_TRICOLOUR tricol.ico,
: .
DISCARDABLE ()
Windows,
, . Win32
.
253

, HICON,
LoadIcon LoadImage.
LoadIcon 1.
. LoadIcon
(.exe),
hInstance:
HICON LoadIcon(HINSTANCE hInstance, LPCTSTR lpIconName);
, ,
. ,
, , _
.

MAKEINTRESOURCE (make an integer into resource string),
winuser.h :
#define MAKEINTRESOURCE(i) (LPSTR)((DWORD)((WORD)(i)))
, 16
. Windows ,
LoadIcon , .
, Russia
:
LoadIcon(hInstance, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_TRICOLOUR));
hInstance NULL, LoadIcon

.
. 1.5 (
1). ,
KWnd hIcon wc
LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION).
LoadIcon
. NULL.
LoadIcon ,
IDI_WINLOGO.
, LoadIcon
.
(16 16). .
LoadImage.
LoadImage :
, , . :
HANDLE LoadImage(HINSTANCE hinst, LPCTSTR lpszName, UINT uType,
int cxDesired, int cyDesired, UINT fuLoad);
.
hinst NULL fuLoad LR_LOADFROMFILE,
lpszName
LoadIcon.
254
5. Windows-
hinst NULL, fuLoad

LR_LOADFROMFILE, lpszName OEM1.
OEM winuser.h
: OBM_ , OIC_ OCR_ .
hinst NULL, fuLoad LR_LOADFROMFILE,
lpszName ,
.
, uType,
IMAGE_BITMAP, IMAGE_CURSOR IMAGE_ICON.
, cxDesired, .
fuLoad LR_DEFAULTSIZE,
SM_CXICON
SM_CXCURSOR. , LR_DEFAULTSIZE
, .
, cyDesired, .
fuLoad LR_DEFAULTSIZE,
SM_CXICON SM_CXCURSOR.
, LR_DEFAULTSIZE ,
.
, fuLoad, .
, . 5.1 (
. . MSDN).
5.1. LoadImage
LR_DEFAULTCOLOR
. ,
LR_CREATEDIBSECTION
uType IMAGE_BITMAP,
DIB-
LR_DEFAULTSIZE
LR_LOADFROMFILE
LR_MONOCHROME
Russia.

, hIcon
hIconSm .
KWnd,
KWnd (.
KWnd.cpp).
SetClassLong.
WM_CREATE, ,
.
Russia.cpp 5.2.
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturers ( ).
255
5.2. Russia (1- )

//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Russia.cpp
#include "KWnd.h"
#include "resource.h"
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
400, 300);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HINSTANCE hInst;
HICON hIcon;
//
HICON hIconSm; //
switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hIcon = LoadIcon(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_TRICOLOUR));
hIconSm = (HICON)LoadImage(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_TRICOLOUR),
SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HICON, (LONG)hIcon);
SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HICONSM, (LONG)hIconSm);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
WM_CREATE LoadIcon
LoadImage
. hInst,
, GetModuleHandle.
256
5. Windows-
hIcon hIconSm
SetClassLong, (hIcon, hIconSm)
mainWnd.wc .
:
IDI_TRICOLOUR .

(. 5.10).
. 5.10. Russia (1- )
32 32 ,
() . .
(hotspot).
,
.
, ,
.
,
, , Russia.

, .
,
IDC_CROSS.
, ,
, .
,
, . ,
IDC_UP IDC_DOWN.

.
Insert Resource Icon Cursor.
.
, ,
. , IDC_UP
. 5.11.
257
. 5.11. IDC_UP
,
, Set Hotspot,
.
(0, 0).
.
, Set Hotspot,
,
. .
Hot spot: 15, 0.
IDC_DOWN.
(. 5.12).
. 5.12. IDC_DOWN
,
FileSave. Russia.rc ,
:
IDC_UP
IDC_DOWN
CURSOR
CURSOR
DISCARDABLE
DISCARDABLE
"up.cur"
"down.cur"
, .
( HCURSOR)
LoadCursor,
LoadIcon.
258
5. Windows-
: hCursor
( IDC_CROSS), hCursorUp
(IDC_UP) hCursorDown (IDC_DOWN).
hCursor .
,
:
SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HCURSOR, (LONG)hCursor);

SetCursor:
HCURSOR SetCursor(HCURSOR hCursor);
,
. .

WM_MOUSEMOVE. lParam
x y,
.
.
Russia.cpp 5.3.
5.3. Russia (2- )
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Russia.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include "KWnd.h"
//====================================================================
{
MSG msg;
400, 300);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
//====================================================================
{
HINSTANCE hInst;
HICON hIcon, hIconSm;
static HCURSOR hCursor, hCursorUp, hCursorDown;
static int xPos, yPos; //
static int wClient, hClient; //
HDC hDC;
PAINTSTRUCT ps;
char text[100];
RECT rect;
259
SetRect(&rect, 10, 0, 200, 30);

switch (uMsg)
{
case WM_CREATE:
hIcon = LoadIcon(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_TRICOLOUR));
hIconSm = (HICON)LoadImage(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDI_TRICOLOUR),
SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HICON, (LONG)hIcon);
SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HICONSM, (LONG)hIconSm);
hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_CROSS);
SetClassLong(hWnd, GCL_HCURSOR, (LONG)hCursor);
hCursorUp = LoadCursor(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_UP));
hCursorDown = LoadCursor(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDC_DOWN));
break;
case WM_SIZE:
wClient = LOWORD(lParam);
hClient = HIWORD(lParam);
break;
case WM_MOUSEMOVE:
xPos = LOWORD(lParam);
yPos = HIWORD(lParam);
if (yPos < 16)
SetCursor(hCursorUp);
if (yPos > hClient - 16)
SetCursor(hCursorDown);
InvalidateRect(hWnd, &rect, TRUE);
break;
case WM_PAINT:
sprintf(text, "xPos = %d, yPos = %d\0", xPos, yPos);
DrawText(hDC, text, -1, &rect, DT_LEFT);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
}
return 0;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
wClient hClient
WM_SIZE. hClient
WM_MOUSEMOVE,
, , .
,
, . 5.13.
260
5. Windows-
. 5.13. Russia c ,
, ,
InvalidateRect WM_MOUSEMOVE:
InvalidateRect(hWnd, &rect, TRUE);
, ,
, .
WM_PAINT. ,
DrawText .
,
, ,
. Windows ,
BeginPaint, .
WM_PAINT InvalidateRect
, TRUE.

InvalidateRect. ,
, .
NULL, .
,
.
.

3 Windows
.
, DDB . ,
.
.
, .
, Windows
,
, , ,
.
261
.
, Windows
.
12.1 ( 12).

. Insert Resource
Icon Bitmap.
. ,
.
( ), Bitmap
Properties (. 5.14) ,
, 16 256 .
,
,
, .
.
.
. 5.14. Bitmap Properties

HBITMAP , LoadBitmap:
HBITMAP LoadBitmap(
LPCTSTR lpBitmapName
);
//
//
, LoadIcon.
Win32 DIB
. LoadBitmap , ,
DIB, DDB,
, DDB.
BitBlt
StretchBlt .
3.
Russia.
.

MS Paint. 400 280
,
Russia today (. 5.15).
262
5. Windows-
. 5.15. RussiaToday.bmp MS Paint
RusFlag.bmp, 256
. Russia1.
,
RusFlag.bmp IDB_RUSFLAG.
Russia.rc ,
:
IDB_RUSFLAG
BITMAP
DISCARDABLE
"RusFlag.bmp"
.
.

static HBITMAP hBmpRusFlag;
HDC hMemDC;
static BITMAP bm;
//
//
//
WM_CREATE
hBmpRusFlag = LoadBitmap(hInst, MAKEINTRESOURCE(IDB_RUSFLAG));
GetObject(hBmpRusFlag, sizeof(bm), (LPSTR)&bm);
WM_PAINT BeginPaint
:
SelectObject(hMemDC, hBmpRusFlag);
BitBlt(hDC, 0, 0, bm.bmWidth, bm.bmHeight, hMemDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
DeleteDC(hMemDC);
,
. 5.16.
1
,
, (www.piter.com).
263
. 5.16. Russia.
,
.
. (&rect) InvalidateRect
NULL . ,
.
,
, (userdefined resource),
,
.
: , .
, proghelp.txt,
.
, :
HELPTEXT
TEXT
DISCARDABLE
proghelp.txt
(HELPTEXT) (TEXT)
. ,

.
,
WM_CREATE, ,
proghelp.txt.
:
.
, ,
.
, Visual Studio
, .
264
5. Windows-

:
_
DISCARDABLE
, .
, .

, ,
FindResource, LoadResource LockResource.
FindResource .
:
HRSRC FindResource(HMODULE hModule, LPCTSTR lpName, LPCTSTR lpType);
hModule
, . hModule NULL, Windows
, .
lpName , , , .
#,
. lpType .

, .
,
LoadResource. FindResource NULL.
LoadResource , FindResource,
.
:
HGLOBAL LoadResource(HMODULE hModule, HRSRC hResInfo);
hResInfo
, FindResource.
, LoadResource, ,
, MSDN
, LockResource:
LPVOID LockResource(HGLOBAL hResData);
.
hResData , .
, LoadResource.
LockResource
, NULL.
,
.
proghelp.txt,
,
:
HGLOBAL hResource = LoadResource(hInstance,
FindResource(hInstance, "HELPTEXT", "TEXT"));
char* pHelpText = (char*) LockResource(hResource);
265
, ,
.

, . ,
,

.
, ,
.
Win32 API ,
WAVE (waveform audio file fomat).
.wav. 8 16
. WAVE
, ,
. .wav,
,
.
PlaySound,
:
BOOL PlaySound(
LPCSTR pszSound,
HMODULE hmod,
DWORD fdwSound
);
// ,
//
//
,
. PlaySound NULL,
.

. ,
NULL.
. . 5.2
.
5.2. fdwSound
SND_FILENAME
pszSound
SND_RESOURCE
pszSound
SND_SYNC
. PlaySound

SND_ASYNC
. PlaySound
.

PlaySound, pszSound NULL
266
5. Windows-
5.2. ()
SND_LOOP
,
PlaySound, pszSound NULL.
SND_ASYNC
SND_NODEFAULT
. ,
PlaySound ,
SND_PURGE
pszSound NULL,
. NULL,

SND_NOWAIT
PlaySound Windows.
Visual Studio,
winmm.lib1.
,
PlaySound . ,
.wav exe
. ,
.
. ,
,
! ,
, , exe
.
PlaySound
. ,
FindResource, LoadResource
LockResource.
PlaySound.
PlaySound
Russia.
, .
, RussiaToday,
, ,
. ,
.
RussiaToday.rc
MY_SOUND
WAVE
DISCARDABLE
"RusHymn.wav"
RusHymn.wav
2.
1
Visual Studio 6.0 ProjectSettings Link

Object/library modules.
2
WAVE
RusHymn.wav .
: www.piter.com.
267
5.4.
5.4. RussiaToday
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// RussiaToday.cpp
#include <stdio.h>
#include "KWnd.h"
char szSoundName[] = "MY_SOUND";
//

//====================================================================
nCmdShow)

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Ю. А. Щупак - Win32 API. Разработка Приложений Для Windows (2008)

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Доступные форматы

Win32 API.

:ra emp : : :upOIpaCO,

Forms, a6o.I W32 !,

C'I'III8C ctpcII , : OJICO xor O8J[

Hello, world! ............................................ 46

3. GDI. , , ......................... 159

5. Windows- ................................ 242

10. ..................................................... 486

11. DLL ........ 515

12. ..................................... 539

1. Visual C++ 6.0 ....... 563

2. Visual Studio.NET .... 577

3. Spy++ ............................. 584

Windows XP. Visual

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

LPCWSTR, UNICODE, LPCSTR

LPWSTR, UNICODE, LPSTR

Wchar_t (Unicode-), UNICODE, char

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

main DOS UNIX,

HINSTANCE hPrevInstance Win32

1. Hello, World!, Windows

int MessageBox(HWND hWnd, LPCTSTR lpText, LPCTSTR lpCaption, UINT uType);

Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) , 

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

int nHeight, HWND hWndParent, HMENU hMenu, HINSTANCE hInstance,

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1.10. nCmdShow ShowWindow

typedef struct tagPoint {

TCHAR char, UNICODE . 

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

return DefWindowProc(hWnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);

WinMain mainWnd KWnd,

KWnd mainWnd("Hello application", hInstance, nCmdShow, WndProc);

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

CreateSolidBrush (RGB (200, 160, 255)) , 

1. Hello, World!, Windows

1. Hello, World!, Windows

fReadData ifstream. while

void OnPlay(HWND hWnd) {

(graphics device interface (GDI)) 

BOOL InvalidateRgn(HWND hWnd, HRGN hRgn, BOOL bErase);

(physical device space)

(x, y) (x', y')

. (1, 0, 0, 1, dx, dy).

. (mx, 0, 0, my, 0, 0). 

. (cos(), sin(), sin(), cos(), 0, 0).

(DT_PLOTTER, DT_RASDISPLAY, DT_RASPRINTER

. 2.3. COLORREF, RGB

RGB(0x0, 0x0, 0x0);

. 2.4. COLORREF, PALETTEINDEX PALETTERGB

Microsoft Developer Network (MSDN) ,

TCHAR char, UNICODE .

CreateSolidBrush (RGB (200, 160, 255)) ,

(graphics device interface (GDI))

. (mx, 0, 0, my, 0, 0).

width POINT, Windows

Arial Times New Roman

breakExtra nBreak. SetTextJustification ,

WinMain Open doc,

WndProc Initialize doc

24 16 777 216 .

32 True Color

API, Windows 3.1. , ,

RGBA Red, Green, Blue Alpha.

ICM Integrated Color Management API

DIB (DIB section) DIB,

OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer