DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO

Test Booklet Series

TEST BOOKLET
Electronics & Communication Paper
Topic Test Signal & Communication
Time Allowed: One Hour
Maximum Marks: 100
INSTRUCTIONS
1.
IMMEDIATELY AFTER THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE EXAMINATION YOU SHOULD
CHECK THAT THIS TEST BOOKLET DOES NOT HAVE ANY UNPRINTED OR TORN OR
MISSING PAGES OR ITEMS ETC. IF SO, GET IT REPLACED BY A COMPLETE TEST
BOOKLET.
2.
ENCODE CLEARLY THE TEST BOOKLET SERIES A, B, C, OR D AS THE CASE MAY BE IN
THE APPROPRIATE PLACE IN THE ANSWER SHEET.
3.
You have to enter your Roll Number on the
Test Booklet in the Box provided alongside.
DO NOT write anything else on the Test Booklet.
4.
This Test Booklet contains 60 items (questions). Each item comprises four responses (answers). You
will select the response which you want to mark on the Answer Sheet. In case you feel that there is
more than one correct response, mark the response which you consider the best. In any case, choose
ONLY ONE response for each item.
5.
You have to mark all you responses ONLY on the separate Answer Sheet provided. See directions in
the Answer Sheet.
6.
All items carry equal marks.
7.
Before you proceed to mark in the Answer Sheet the response to various items in the Test Booklet,
you have to fill in some particulars in the Answer Sheet as per instructions sent to you with your
Admission Certificate.
8.
After you have completed filling in all your responses on the Answer Sheet and the examination has
concluded, you should hand over to the Invigilator only the Answer Sheet. You are permitted to take
away with you the Test Booklet.
9.
Sheets for rough work are appended in the Test Booklet at the end.
10.
Penalty for wrong answers:
THERE WILL BE PENALTY FOR WRONG ANSWERS MARKED BY A CANDIDATE IN THE
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTION PAPERS.
(i)
There are four alternatives for the answer to every question. For each question for which a
wrong answer has been given by the candidate, one-third (0.33) of the marks assigned to that
question will be deducted as penalty.
(ii)
If a candidate gives more than one answer, it will be treated as a wrong answer even if one
of the given answers happens to be correct and there will be same penalty as above to that
question.
(iii) If a question is left blank, i.e., no answer is given by the candidate, there will be no penalty
for that question
DO NOT OPEN THIS TEST BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE ASKED TO DO SO
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1.

2.

Function x n cos 2

n has period of:

8
(A) 4
(B) 6
Consider the following statements:

(C) 8

(D) 16

1. (t )dt value is equal to 1

0

2.

(t )dt

value is not defined

3.

(t )dt 1

3.

4.

Which of the following statements are correct:

(A) 1 & 2
(B) 2 & 3
(C) 1 & 3
(D) 1, 2 & 3
Which of the following represent at stable system?
1. Impulse response of the system decreases exponentially
2. Area within the impulse response is finite
3. Eigen values of the system are positive and real
4. Roots of the characteristic equation of the system are real and negative.
Which of the following statements are correct:
(A) 1 and 4
(B) 1 and 3
(C) 2, 3 and 4
(D) 1, 2 and 4.
Consider the following system (where x(t) is input and y(t) is the output):
1. y t e

2x t

2. y t x t
dt

d 2t
e x t
dt
Which one the following systems are time invariant system:
(A) 1 and 2
(B) 1 and 3
(C) 2 and 3
(D) 1,2 and 3
Consider the following statements about given systems (where x[n] is input and y[n] is the output)
n
1. y[n]
is a Linear system
x[n]

3. y t

5.

2. y[n] x 2 [n] is an example of causal system

3. y[n] x[n 2 ] is Linear system

6.

Which of the following statements are correct:

(A) 1 and 2
(B) 1 and 3
(C) 2 and 3
Consider the following systems:
1. y[k] = x[k] + a1 x[k 1] b1 y[k 1] b2 y[k 2]
2. y[k] = x[k] + a1x[k 1] + a2 x[k 2]
3. y[k] = x[k + 1] + a1x[k] + a2 x[k 1]
4. y[k] = a1 x[k] + a2 x[k + 1] b1 y[k 2]

(D) 1,2 and 3

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Which of the systems given above represent recursive discrete systems ?

(A) 1 and 4
(B) 1 and 2
(C) 1, 2 and 3
(D) 2, 3 and 4
7.

If x1 (t) 2sin t & x 2 (t) sin 5t then what will be the maximum possible energy delivered in every
2 second interval from the source of x1 (t) x 2 (t)

8.

9.

(A) 2.5
(B) 5
(C) 7.5
(D) 10
Which one of the following gives the cross-correlation (Rxy (k)) of two finite length sequences x(n) =
{1, 3, 1, 2} and y(n) = {1, 2, 1, 3} ?
(A) {3, 10, 8, 14, 7, 5, 2}
(B) {2, 10, 7, 14, 6, 6, 3}
(C) {3, 9, 8, 14, 7, 5, 2}
(D) {2, 10, 6, 14, 7, 5, 3}.
For a given discrete time system shown in figure, which of the following statements are correct??
x[n]

10.
11.

12.

unit
delay

y[n]

(A) it is linear & time variant

(B) it is linear & unstable
(C) It is causal & stable
(D) it is only memory less.
Calculate the energy associated with signal g(t) = et u(t)
(A) 0
(B) 0.5
(C) 1
(D)
Consider the following statements:
1. The zero-state response of a linear constant-parameter continuous-time system can have
components having the natural frequencies of the system.
2. The forced frequency components in the response of the state for any given input may not add up
to the given zero initial value of the state. The natural frequency components may be needed to
bridge the gap.
Which of the following statements are correct:
(A) only 1
(B) only 2
(C) 1&2
(D) None
For the given differential equation
y n 0.6y n 1 0.4 , n 0 y 1 10
n

Consider the following statements:

1. Forced response is 2 0.4
2. Natural response is

9 0.6

3. Forced response is

9 0.6

4. Natural response is

13.

2 0.4

Which of the following statements are correct:

(A) 1 & 2
(B) 2 & 3
(C) 1 & 4
(D) 3 & 4
Which of the followings statements are true about Fourier series?
1. All periodic signals can be represented by Fourier series
2. It expresses the given periodic waveform as combination of D.C component, sine and cosine
waveforms of different harmonic frequencies
3. Both amplitude and phase spectra of Fourier series are discrete in nature

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14.

15.

16.
17.

4. Amplitude spectra of F.S is continuous while phase spectra of F.S is discrete in nature.
(A) 1, 2 & 3
(B) 1, 2 & 4
(C) Only 1 & 2
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Which of the following statement is not correct.
(A) Fourier representation of continuous and periodic signal is discrete and aperiodic
(B) Fourier representation of continuous and aperiodic signal is continuous and aperiodic
(C) Fourier representation of Discrete and periodic signal is discrete and periodic
(D) Fourier representation of Discrete and aperiodic signal is continuous and aperiodic
If u(t) is unit step and (t) is unit impulse function then Inverse Z-transform of F(z) = 1/z + 1 for
k > 0 is:
(A) ( 1)k (k)
(B) (k) ( 1)k
(C) ( 1)k u(k)
(D) u(k) ( 1)k
If xc(n) is conjugate symmetric part of x[n], then real & imaginary part of xc[n] are.
(A) Even & even
(B) Even & odd
(C) Odd & even
(D) Odd & odd
Consider the following statements:
1. A discrete-time signal is always obtained by sampling a continuous-time signal
2. There are no convergence issues with the discrete-time Fourier series in general

3. Dirchelt condition is

x[n]

n k

4. In Dirchlet condition there are finite number of maxima and minima in the expansion interval
Which of the following statements are correct
(A) 1, 2 & 4
(B) 1 & 4
(C) 1, 3 & 4
(D) 2 & 4
18.

The Fourier transform of e t is e f then the Fourier transform of e t is:

2

2
f
1 2 f 2
1 f 2
e
(A) .e
(B)
(C)
(D) e
e

A signal x1(t) and x2(t) constitute the real and imaginary parts respectively of a complex valued
signal x(t). What form of waveform does x(t) possess?
(A) Real symmetric (B) Complex symmetric
(C) Asymmetric
(D) Conjugate symmetric
Even part of step signal x(t)=u(t) is :
(A) 1
(B) sgn(t)
(C) 0.5
(D) 0.5
2

19.

20.

21.

22.

f2

n
For the given sequence x[n] cos
Fourier series representation
4
coefficients:
(A) C+1 and C1& C+7 and C7
(B) C+1 and C1& C+8 and C8
(C) C+2 and C2& C+8 and C8
(D) C+1 and C1& C+2 and C2
Calculate Fourier Transform of Signal x(t), shown in figure.

will have non zero

x(t)
+1
1
1

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23.

24.

(A)

2sin 2cos

j 2
j

(B)

(C)

2sin 2cos

j
j

(D)

A linear network has the system function H

2sin

2cos

2sin 2cos

j 2
j

( s c)
. The outputs of the network with zero
( s a)( s b)

initial conditions for two different inputs are tabled as :

Input x(t)
Output y(t)
u(t)
2 + det + Ee3t
e2t u(t)
Fet + Ge3t
Then the values of c and H are, respectively :
(A) 2 and 3
(B) 3 and 2
(C) 2 and 2
(D) 1 and 3.
If x(t) is signal whose Laplace transform is X(s) with R.O.C value equal to R then what is the value
of Laplace transform of signal x(at):
s
(A) X R.O.C R
a

s
(B) X R.O.C a.R
a

25.

R
s
(C) X R.O.C
(D) X s R.O.C a.R
a
a
What is two sided Laplace transform of signal x(t)=1
(A) 0 with ROC over the entire s plane
(B) 1/s with ROC over the entire s plane
(C) 1/s with ROC over the entire s plane except s=0 (D) Not defined

26.

If Z Transform of x n x z with ROC R

Then what is Z transform of z0n x n :

z
(B) X & R ' | z0 | R
z0

(A) X z & R ' | z0 | R

(C)
27.

z
X & R' R
z0

0.5
. It is given that the region of
1 2 z 1
convergence of X[z] includes the unit circle. The value of x[0] is :
The z-transform X[z] of a sequence x[n] is given by X [ z ]
(A) 0.5

28.

29.

z
(D) X & R ' | z0 | / R
z0

(B) 0

(C) 0.25

(D) 0.5

z 8z 7
, then the lim x n is
n
4z 2 7z 3
(A) 1
(B) 2
(C)
(D) 0
|t|
If impulse response of a system is h(t) = e then.
(A) System is causal but not stable.
(B)System is causal and stable.
(C) System is non-causal and stable.
(D) System is non-causal but not stable.
If the z-transform of x n is x z

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30.

31.

32.
33.

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

A continuous time system is described by y(t) = e | x(t) | where y(t) is output and x(t) is input, then y(t)
is bounded.
(A) Only when x(t) is bounded
(B) Only when x(t) is nonnegative
(C) Only for t 0, if x(t) is bounded for t 0
(D) Even when x(t) is not bounded.
Consider the following statements about Distribution function FX(x):
1. It is always an increasing function
2. Its maximum value is equal to infinity
3. It is also known as C.d.f
Which of the following statements are correct:
(A) 1 & 2
(B) 2 & 3
(C) 1 & 3
(D) 1, 2 & 3
What is the value of erfc(0): ( erfc is error complementary function)
(A) 0
(B) 0.5
(C) 1
(D) infinity
If probability density function of a variable is
X:
0
1
2
3
4
P(X): k
2k
3k
4k
5k
What is the probability that P (2 X 4)
(A) 0.6
(B) 0.8
(C) 1
(D) 0.2
Consider the following statements about Power spectral density Sx ():
1. It is an odd function of
2. It is real function of
3. It has non negative value
Which of the following statements are correct:
(A) 1 &2 only
(B) 2 & 3
(C) 1 & 3
(D) 1, 2 & 3
Consider a random sinusoidal signal x(t) = sin (0t + ) where a random variable is uniformly

distributed in the range . The mean value of x(t) is :

2
2
2
2
(A) zero
(B) sin(0t )
(C) cos (0t )
(D) .

At a given Probability of error, Binary coherent PSK is superior to Binary coherent orthogonal FSK
by
(A) 0 dB
(B) 1 dB
(C) 3 dB
(D) 6 dB
The output of a FM, transmitter has the equation S(t) = 5 cos (2 2000 t + 5 t2) if carrier frequency
is 2 KHz, then what are the values of phase and frequency deviation at t = 1 sec, respectively
(A) 5 Rad, 10 Rad/sec
(B) 5 Rad, 10 KHz (C) 5, 10 Rad/sec
(D) 5, 10 KHz
If carrier voltage has peak voltage of 10 Volt at a frequency of 1 MHz. If sinusoidal signal of 1 KHz
varies amplitude of RF wave output between 7.5 Volt and 12.5 Volt then what is the value of
modulation index:
(A) 0.1
(B) 0.25
(C) 0.5
(D) 1
Consider the following statements about low level and high level modulation:
1. Low level modulation takes place at initial stage while high level occurs at final stage of
amplification

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40.

41.

42.

2. In low level linear amplifier class C is used while in high level amplifier class A is used
3. Low level has simple circuitry while high level has complex circuitry
4. In low level low efficiency and less distortion while in high level high efficiency and high
distortion
Which of the following statements are correct:
(A) 1, 2 & 3
(B) 2, 3 & 4
(C) 1, 3 & 4
(D) 1, 2, 3 & 4
Square law detectors are not preferred for detection of AM signal if modulating signal has amplitude
greater than 1 volt because:
(A) No message signal will be deducted
(B) Message will be received only for over modulation
(C) Harmonic distortion will be high
(D) There will be high value of cross talk
Envelop detector is an asynchronous detector because:
(A) It does not use any product modulator
(B) It is not used for over modulation
(C) It does not use any type of local oscillator
(D) It is simple high pass RC circuit
If b(t) = data(stream of binary digits), PS is power of sinusoidal signal Acosw0t then what is the
BPSK, output
(A) b(t). PS cosw0t

(B) b(t)

PS cos w0t

(C) b(t).

2PS cos w 0 t

(D) b(t)

2 PS cos w0 t

43.

If a message signal m(t) as shown in figure is amplitude modulated by a carrier wave c(t) = 5 cos wct.
What is the total modulated power of AM signal.
(A) 12.5 watt
(B) 25.0 watt
(C) 37.5 watt
(D) 50.0 watt

44.

Consider the amplitude modulated signal Ac cos wc t + 3 cos wmt cos wct, for demodulating signal
what is Minm value of AC
(A) 3
(B) 1/3
(C) 0
(D) 1
A band pass signal, having central frequency 5f0 has a band-width of 2f0 then what is the minm
sampling frequency ??
(A) 4 f0
(B) 6 f0
(C) 10 f0
(D) 12 f0
Which one of the following is the correct statement, In a DM system the chances of slope overload
increases when the
(A) Modulating signal changes rapidly
(B) Modulating signal remains constant.
(C) Pulse amplitude is increased
(D) Pulse rate is increased.

45.

46.

47.

A sinusoidal signal with quantization noise of mid rise uniform quantiser 12 w and peak to peak
amplitude is 6.114 volt. The levels of quantization are
(A) 64
(B) 100
(C) 128
(D) 512

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48.

49.

A discrete zero memory information source has 40 symbols and each symbol is equally likely. The
Minm no. of bits required to code the source, with uniform length code and entropy of source are :
(A) 5 & 5.03
(B) 6 & 5.83
(C) 5 & 6.64
(D) 6 & 5.32
The circuit shown in figure gives an output, which is
+
Varicap
L

Modulating
Signal

v0

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.
56.

(A) A, Phase Modulated signal

(B) A, Frequency Modulated signal
(C) An amplitude Modulated signal
(D) SSB-SC.
Which of the following statements are true about BPSK and QPSK.
1. In BPSK, we deal individually with each bit of duration Tb.
2. In QPSK, we lump two bits to form a symbol.
3. In both BPSK & QPSK, signal changes occur at bit rate.
4. In QPSK, signal can have any one of 4, possible values.
(A) 1, 2, 3, 4
(B) 1, 2, 3
(C) 1, 2, 4
(D) 2, 3, 4
A composite signal is expressed as Xc (t) = Ac cos c t- Am cos (c- m)t +Am cos (c+m) t. Which
of the followings statements are true?
1. It is equation of NBFM signal
2. Bandwidth of this signal is 2wm same as in case of AM
3. Either envelop detector or discriminator method can be employed to retrieve the sinusoidal
component at m from xc (t)?
(A) 1 & 2
(B) 2 & 3
(C) 1 & 3
(D) 1, 2 & 3
A carrier wave of frequency 100 MHz is frequency modulated by a sinusoidal wave of amplitude of
20 Volt and frequency 100 KHz. If frequency sensitivity of modulator is 25KHz/volt then the
bandwidth of FM signal is :
(A) 2.1 KHz
(B) 2.1MHz
(C) 1.2 KHz
(D) 1.2MHz
In case of FM if message signal frequency is halved and signal amplitude is doubled then the peak
frequency deviation and peak phase deviation will become respectively:
(A) doubled and doubled
(B) doubled and becomes 4 times
(C) doubled and remains unchanged
(D) becomes 4 time and doubled
t

If Frequency modulated signal with X FM (t ) Ac cos ct k f m(t ) dt is applied to an Ideal

0

envelop detector then output at envelop detector will be :

(A) 0
(B) Ac
(C) m(t)
(D) m(t)+ D.C signal

Bandwidth of OOK is same as bandwidth of :

(A) QPSK
(B) FSK

(C) MSK

(D) BPSK

Which one of the following is capable of giving the highest data speed?

(A) Coaxial cable link

(C) Microwave satellite system

(B) Microwave LOS link

(D) Optical fiber system

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57.

58.

59.

60.

The frequency range for satellite communication is:

(A) 1 KHz to 100 KHz
(B) 100 KHz to 10 KHz
(C) 10 MHz to 30 MHz
(D) 1 GHz to 30 GHz
For distortion less transmission through a channel, the channel should be such that
(A) its attenuation response is an even function and phase response is an odd function of frequency
(B) its attenuation response is flat and phase response is linear with frequency
(C) the ratio of line inductance to line capacitance is constant
(D) its termination is by a matched impedance
A ternary source produces alphabets A, B and C with probabilities pA = pB = p and pC. Which one of
the following gives the correct values for the maximum value of the entropy of the source; and the
corresponding value of p and the range of p?
(A) 1.58, 0.33, (0, 0.5)
(B) 1.0, 0.5, (0, 1)
(C) 3.0, 0.67, (0, 0.5)
(D) 2.0, 0.42, (0, 0.3)
A BPSK scheme operating over an AWGN channel with noise power spectral density of N0 / 2 , uses
equiprobable signals

s1 t

2E
sin c t
T

and

s2 t

2E
sin c t
T

over the symbol

interval 0, T . If the local oscillator in a coherent receiver is ahead in phase by 45 with respect to
the received signal, the probability of error in the resulting system is
2E
(A) Q
N
0

E
(B) Q
N
0

E
(C) Q
2N
0

E
(D) Q
4N
0

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Engineering Service Examination -2014

SI No.

Electronics&Telecommunication Engineering
PAPER-Signal & Communication
(Conventional)
Time allotted: 90 Minute

Maximum marks: 100

INSTRUCTIONS
Candidates should attempt Question No. 1 which is compulsory and remaining FOUR from questions taking
two each from section-A and Section-B. The number of marks carried by each question is indicated at the
end of the question. Answers must be written only in English. Assume suitable data if found necessary and
indicate the same clearly. Values of the following constants may be used wherever necessary:
Electronic charge = 1.6 109 Coulomb
Free space permeability = 4 107 Henry /m.
1
9
Free space permittivity =
10 Farad/m.
36
Velocity of light in free space = 3 108 m/ sec.
Boltzmann constant = 1.38 1023 joule /K.
Planck constant = 6.626 1034 joule-sec.

Important: Candidates are to note that all parts and sub parts of a question are to be attempted
continuously in answer book. That is all parts and sub parts of a question being attempted must be
completed before attempting the next question.
Any page left blank in answer book must be clearly struck out. Answers that follow pages left blank
may not be given credit.

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10

Q.1

(a)
(b)

Compare ASK,PSK and FSK in terms of performance (5)

Let g (t ) x(t ) x(t ) where denotes convolution and x(t)=u(t)-u(t-1) with u(t) being the
unit step function then what is the impulse response of the filter matched to signal
s(t ) g (t ) (t 2) g (t ) (5)

(c)

Let y n denote the convolution of h n and g n where h n 1/2 u n and g n is a

n

causal sequence. If y 0 1 and y 1 1/ 2 then g 1 equals: (5)

z + z-3
(d)

If X (z) =

z z 3
z z 1

then x(n) series has how many alternative zeros and ones
SECTION-A

2.

3.

If

F( s)

(3s 4) ( s 5)
find f (0), f '(0), f ''(0). (20)
( s 1)2 ( s 6)

Note : F (s) is the Laplace transform of f(t)).

(a) The input to matched filter is shown in figure then output of filter is sampled at t = 2 sec then
sampled value in volt is: (10)
s(t)
2
0

(b)

If PSD of a noise signal n(t) is shown in figure and this noise is applied to a RC LPF whose
time constant is 1 m sec. what is the value of average output power in watt : (10)
N(f)
4103

4.

Obtain the difference equation to equation to represent the discrete time system of the figure given
below :
x[n]
S
x[n1]

y[n]

b0

b1

S
y[n1]

a1

x[n2]
b2

a2

y[n2]

For the above direct form l implementation of a linear Time Invariant [LTI] system, derive the
direct form II implementation. Show the block diagram and point out the improvement. (20)
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11

SECTION-B
5.

6.
7.

(a)

(b)
(a)
(b)
(a)

A 10 MHz carrier is frequency modulated by using a modulating signal m t Am sin 103 t .

If resultant FM signal has frequency deviation of 5 KHz then.
(i) What is modulation index of FM wave: (5)
(ii) What should be capture range in KHz of PLL used for demodulation of this signal: (5)
How reactance modulator is the best method for gemertaion of FM explain it in detail (10)
What are the different types of errors in delta modulator ? How can these be removed ? (10)
Explain the principle of operation of DPSK transmitter and receiver. (10)
A NB FM signal is converted into WBFM signal by using Armstrong method. Here Block
diagram is shown in figure.
What is the ratio between modulation index at the output and input: (5)
Frequency
Multiplier
fc=200KHz
X 64
NBFM

Mixer
(Down
conversion)

Frequency
Multiplier
X 48

10.9 MHZ

(b)
(c)
(d)

With the help of suitable analytical steps show that for AM with large noise the performance of
the envelope detector proves inferior to the synchronous detector. (5)
Without taking recourse to derivation of expressions for SNR discuss the threshold effect in
FM and its improvement with phase locked loop.(5)
Briefly describe a scheme for the implementation of a DPCM system. Discuss advantages and
disadvantages of DPCM compared with PCM.(5)

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12

Solution: Test-3: Signal &system

n
1. (C) x n cos 2 No 8
8

2. (B)

t dt 1

{
0

t dt 1

{
+

t dt 1 Not defined
0

t dt Not defined

Statement (D) :wrong

h t dt

3.(D)

Eigen value should be negative & real

System 3 is time variant
n
y n
x n

4.(A)
5.(C)

System 1 is not linear system

6.(A)
N 1

M 1

k 0

m 0

y n a k yk n 1 b k x n m

For a recursive system, if output depend upon past value of output then it is recursive function.
Recursive functions are IIR infinite impulse response
M 1

y n b k x m 1 Non recursive
m0

7. (B)

22 12
2.5
2 2
E 2.5 2 5
E 9w
PT

T/2

PT
8.(A)

1
2
2sin t sin 3t dt

T T/2

x n 1,3,1, 2
y n 1 2 1 3

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13

9.(C)

y n x n 1
Y z z 1X z

1
H z
z
y[n] x[n 1] is linear causal &stable.
10. (B)

x(t ) dt e2t dt
0

1
2

11.(B)

Zero state + Zero input

12.(A)

y n 0.6 y n 1 0.4 , n 0 y 1 10
n

for natural response 0.4 0

n

z 0.6 0
z 0.6

yc n A 0.6

natural response

Let input is of the form

yp n 8 0.4
B 0.4 0.6 B 0.4
n

n 1

0.4

B = 2

yp n 2 0.4

forced response

13.(A)
14.(D)
(1) CTFS Ck discrete & non-periodic
(2) CTFT X(j) Continuous & non-periodic
(3) DTFS Ck Ck N
(4) DTFT X j continuous & periodic
Duality between DTFT and CTFS:
There is a duality between Discrete Time Fourier Transform and Continuous Time Fourier Series.
1
x[n]
X e j e j n d (1)

2 2

X e j
x(t )

x[n]e

j n

(2)

Ce

Ck

jk0t

1
x(t ) e jk0t dt

TT

(3)
(4)

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14

1.

Continuous time Fourier series:

x(t )

e jk0t Continuous time & periodicin nature

1
ck x(t ) e jk0t dt Discrete & aperiodicin nature
T T0
2.

Discrete time Fourier series:

x[n]

k N

e jk (2 / N ) n Discrete and periodicin Nature

1 N
x[n] e jk (2 / N ) n Discrete and periodicin nature.

N n N
Continuous time Fourier Transform:

1
jt
x(t )
X ( j ) e d Continuous Time & aperiodicin Natue
2
ck

3.

X(j )= x(t ) e jt dt

Continuou freq n & aperiodicin freq n

4.

Discrete Time Fourier Transform:

1
x[n]
X e j e jn d Discrete Time and aperiodicin time

2 2
X e j

x[n] e

j n

Continuous freq n & Periodicin Freq n .

15. (B)
1
z
1
1
1
1 z
1 z
1 z 1
1
X z 1
1 1 z 1
X z

x n n 1 n
n

k 1
16.

(B)

For conjugate symmetry

x n x* n x c n e jn & x c* n e jn
cos n jsin n

even

17.
18.
19.

odd

(A)
(B)
(A)

x t x CS t x CA t
x* t x*CS t x*CA t
x* t x CS t x CA t

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15

20.

(A)

u t

1 1
1
1
sgn t where
even & sgn t odd
2 2
2
2

21.(A)
Period is N 0

4 8 so 0

2

N0 4

1 j ( /4 n ) j ( /4) n
e e

4
2
So
Non zero Fourier series coeff. are C+1 and C1
1
But
So
C1 and C7 will be non zero coefficient.
C1 C18 C7
2
22.(A) Differentiate Signal x(t)
cos

1
+
1

+1

Let differentiation of signal x(t) is g(t) and g(t) is sum of rectangular pulse and two impulses.
G ( j )
G ( j )

2sin

2sin

e j e j
2 cos

F .T .
x(t )
X ( j )

dx(t ) F .T
j X ( j )
dt
G ( j ) 2sin 2 cos
X ( j )

j
j 2
j

g (t )

23. (A)
24. (B)

x t e t u t

X s e t X est dt e s 1 t dt
s 1 0 & Re s 1
25.(D)

x t 1 u t u t
1 1
X s
s s
Re{s) 0 Re{s} 0
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16

No common ROC so Laplace is not defined

26.(B)
27.(B)
0.5
X z
1 2z 1
x n 0.5 2 u n 1
n

x 0 0
28.(A)
h(t) = e-t u(t) + e+t u(-t)
For t < 0, h(t) = et u(-t), so it is a non - causal system.

29. (C)

e|t|
So

30. (D) y(t ) e

2
,
1 s2

1 Re{s} 1

it is a stable - system

| x ( t )|

if x (t) is not bounded then e|x (t )| is bounded.

31.(C)
32.(C)
33.(B)
34.(B)
35.(B)

x t sin 0 t

E X t sin 0 t f d

1
;

2
2

sin 0 t
/2
d cos 0 t /2 cos 0 t cos 0 t
2
2

/2

/2

sin 0 t sin 0 t

Eb
1

BPSK
36.(C) Pe erfc
2
No
0.5E b
1
erfc

BFSK (orthogonal)
2
No
&

0.6E b
1
erfc

non orthogonal
2
No

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17

37.(A) (t) = 2.2000 t + 5t2

d
i 2 .2000 10t
dt
= 10t = 10 Rad/sec (at t = 1, sec)
= 5t2 = 51 = 5 Radian (at t = 1, sec)
38.(B)
39.(C) In low level class A while in high level Class C amplifier is used.
40.(C)
41.(C)
42.(C)

s t Accos c t
1
Accos c t
1

Ac2
Ps
b t .Ac cos c t b t 2Ps cos c t
2
43.(B)

ma 2 Ac2 Ac2 Am2 Ac2 Am2 Ac2 m2 t

Pt Pc 1

2
2
4
Ac2
2
4
2
2

m2 t
Pt Pc
2
m2 t
Pt

44.(A)

45.(A)

46.(A)

1 T
25dt 25
T T/2

25
25
2
S(t) = AC cos Wct (1 +

3
cos Wm t)
AC

For Modulation Index

3
1
AC

AC 3

fL = 4 f0
fu = 6 f0
fd = 2 f0
so here k=fu/fd=3
6f
fS = 2fu/k= 2. 0 4 f 0
3
Condition for overload is

dm
.fs
dt

47.(D) Mp is the peak value of amplitude

2M p
L

6.114

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But Nq = 1210-6 =

2
12

48.(D) Minm bits are 2n = 40 n = 6

Entropy = log2 40 = 5.32
49.(B)
50.(C)
51.(A) Narrow band detection cant be done by envelop detector. Because Envelop contains
Amplitude where as F.M. contain frequency.
52.(D) B.W 2f 2f m

f k f .Am
k f Amplitude Sensitivity
W k f .Am
W 2f Hertz
eg. : 10 rad / s.volt

5Hz / volt
f 25KHz 20 500KHz

f m 100KHz

B.W 1200KHz 1.2 MHz

53.(B) Peak frequency deviation f max K f .Am
Peak phase deviation Q max
f
fm

But

New

'

2f 2
4
fm

54.(B) x t x I cos c t x Q sin c t

Envelop =

x 2I x Q2

x t Ac cos c t
x(t) Ac cos c cos Ac sin c t sin
x I Ac cos
x Q Ac sin

Envelop Ac cos 2 Ac2 sin 2

Ac

So Envelop of F.M is always constant and is equal to amplitude of un-modulated carrier.

55.(D)
56.(D)
57.(D)
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19

58.(B)

1
1
59.(A) H P1 log 2 1 P2 log P3 log
P
1
p2
P3
P1 P2 P3

1
3

1
H 2p log 2 1 2p log 2 1
p
p
2
2
rmax
rmax
1
60.(B) Pe erfc
Q
2
8
4

2
rmax

2
N0

S1 t S2 t dt
2

Eb
1
Pe erfc
cos 2
2
N0
Eb
Eb
1
erfc
Q
2
2N 0
N0

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