TheCollegeofSaintRoseWritingCenter,

2011AShortGuidetoChicagoStylebroughttoyoubyTheCollegeof
SaintRoseWritingCenter

QuickLinks:
BasicFormatting
oWhatisChicagoStyleandwhydoIneedtouseit?Page1oWhatare
ChicagoStylesrequirementsformargins,spacing,font,etc.?Pages12o
WhatgoesonaChicagoStyletitlepage?Page2oWhattexttitlesare
italicizedandwhichonesareinquotationmarks?Page1
UsingSourceswithinthePaper
oWhatisplagiarism?Page3oWhendoIcitemysources?Page3oHow
doIformatquotations?Pages56oHowdoIciteasummary?Page6o
HowdoIparaphrasecorrectly?Page7
WorksCitedPageandBibliography
oWhatsthedifferencebetweenaWorksCitedandaBibliography?Page8
oHowdoIsettheWorksCited/Bibliographyup?Page8oWhatifIhave
twotextsbythesameauthor?Page8
CitingSourcesinNotesandonaWorksCited/Bibliography
WhendoIneedafootnote?Pages34
HowdoIformattheshortenedformofnotes?Page19
HowdoIsetupcontentnotes?Page19
HowdoIcitemysourcesontheWorksCited/Bibliography?Pages918
HowdoIciteabook?Page9
HowdoIciteanonlinebook?Page12
HowdoIciteanessayorarticlefromacollection?Page10
HowdoIciteascholarlyarticlefromadatabase?Pages1213
HowdoIciteacourtcasedecision?Page15
HowdoIciteawebsite?Page15
HowdoIciteartwork?Pages1617

HowdoIciteanideastatedinasourcethatisoriginallyfromanother
source?Page18
Whatifmysourcedoesnthaveanauthororpublicationdate?Page18

AShortGuidetoChicagoStyleHumanitiesStyle
WhatistheUniversityofChicagoStyle?Itisasystemthatspecifieshowyourpapershouldbe
setupandhowanysourcesusedwithinthepapershouldbereferenced.Thissystemisusedin
history,art,andsometimesmusic.Itisalwaysrecommended,however,thatyouaskyour
professoratthebeginningofthesemesterwhichformathe/shewouldlikeyourclasstouse
whenwritingpapers.ThishandoutwillfollowtheguidelinesindicatedinTheChicagoManualof
Style,16theditionandthestudentfriendlyguidetoChicagoStyle:KateTurabiansAManualfor
WritersofResearchPapers,Theses,andDissertations:ChicagoStyleforStudentsand
Researchers,7thedition.

GeneralFormattingforChicagoStyle:
812X11paper
Typed
Doublespaced
1marginsonallsides
TimesNewRomanfontispreferred,size10or12
1spaceaftertheendpunctuationofeachsentence
Pagenumbers:Numberallpagesexceptthetitlepageintheupperrightcorner,
startingwithpg.2.Someprofessorsmaywantyoutoputyourlastnamenexttothe
pagenumber.

ANoteaboutTitles
ItalicizeTitlesofthesesources:books,pamphlets,periodicals,newspapers,plays,
worksofart,photographs,longmusicalcompositions,albums,movies,andtelevision
andradioprograms
PutTitlesofthesesourcesinQuotationMarks:articles,chapters,essays,articleson
websites,shortstories,poems,andsongs
TheseTitlesonlyneedtobeCapitalized:generalwebsites(e.g.CNN.com),book
series,editions,broadcastnetworksandchannels(e.g.TheLearningChannel),artistic
worksofantiquitywithunknowncreators,andexhibitionsandfairs
LowercasetheseLabels:partsofabookforeword,preface,appendix,chapteretc.

GeneralComponentsforaUniversityofChicagoStylepaper:
TitlePage
TextPagesthebodyofyourpaper
Footnotes/Endnotescontainsinformationabouttheauthor,content,copyright

permissions,ortables,aswellascitationsforsources
Bibliography/WorksCitedlistofsourcesusedinyourpaper
Appendicesmaterialsrelevanttoyourpaperstopicthatwouldbetoodistractingif
presentedwithinthepaper(ex.charts,tests,questionnaires,interviews,etc.)
Tables(pleaseseeTheChicagoManualofStyleformoreinformationonthis
component)
Figures(pleaseseeTheChicagoManualofStyleformoreinformationonthis
component)
1


TitlePageTheChicagoManualofStyledoesnotindicatehowtoformatatitlepagefor

aresearchpaperthisinformationappearsintheTurabianGuide.Includethetitleof
yourpaper(about1/3ofthewaydownthepage,centeraligned),yourname,thecourse
number,theinstructor'sname,andthedate(allinthelower1/3ofthepage,center
aligned).Yournamecanalsobeplacedatthecenterofthepageseparatefromthe
courseinformation.Donotnumberthetitlepagebutcountitinthemanuscript
numberingi.e.thefirstpageofthetextwillbenumbered2.
TheEffectsofColonialismonModernBritishIndia
JaneSmithHIS280ProfessorMartinApril5,2008

GeneralTextPage:
2
MuchcanbesaidofthehumorinShakespearescomedies,
butwhatofthedarkundertones?Itisnecessarytoviewthe
Bardsworkwithaneverdoubtingeye,asheoftenintendstheoppositeofwhatisonthesurface.1Hiscomedies
reallyonly
displayamechanismfordealingwithhardshipinlife.2Isit
possiblethattherereallyisnosuchthingasisolated,pure
comedyforShakespearethatitexistsonlyinthepresenceof
tragedy,difficulties,andotherproblems?Whenreadinghis
play,AMidsummerNightsDreamthedarkerthemesof
paternalcontrol,harshlaws,andmanipulationthataccompany
theseeminglysillyanticsofmistakenidentity,foolish
behavior,andwhimsymakeitclearthatthisisaplaynottobe
takenlightly,butaplaythatwearetopaycloseattentiontoand
learnfrom.
_________________________________________________1.JoeSmith,ShakespearesMeaning(London:Oxford
UniversityPress,1999),25.
2.MaryJones,OnHelenaandLysander,ShakespeareQuarterly45,no.3(2002):144.

Pagenumberinheader
TimesNewRoman,12pt.font
Noteindented5spaces
1margins
Doublespacing

Singlespacewithinnotes,anddoublespacebetweennotes.
2

UsingChicagoStyletoDocumentYourSources:
WhydoIhavetocitemysources?
Youhavetogivecreditwherecreditisdue.Otherwise,youwouldbestealing,andthus
plagiarizing!
WhatisPlagiarism?TheCollegeofSaintRoseCatalogofUndergraduateStudies(20092011)
definesPlagiarism:
Plagiarismincludesbutisnotlimitedto:
Purchasing, copying, downloading, printing or paraphrasing anothers book, article, paper,
speech, exam, portfolio, creative work, argument or any other work and presenting it as ones
own,eitherinwholeorinpart.
Incorporatingportionsofanothersworkwithoutproperacknowledgementanddocumentation.
(5152)
Formoreinformation,seetheIntegrityResourcespageat:
http://www.strose.edu/officesandresources/integrity_resources

Whataretheconsequencesofplagiarism?
PlagiarismcouldresultinanFontheassignment,forthecourse,andpossiblyleadtoyour
expulsionfromthe
college
Inyourprofessionalcareer,youcouldbefired,sued,orseeyourreputationtarnished
HowdoIknowwhentocitemysources?
Whenyouquotefromatext*(i.e.usetheexactwordingfromit)inyourownwriting
Whenyouparaphrase(i.e.putintoyourownwords)aspecificideafromanothertext
Whenyousummarize(i.e.presentacondensedversionof)anideaortextinyourownwriting
Whenyouusefacts,statistics,ordatafromanoutsidetextinyourwriting
Whenyourefertoanideaorsourceinpassing...Youmayusethismethodwhenyouwant
yourreadertoknowabouttheexistenceofaspecificsourceoridearelevanttoyourtopic,but
donotwanttogointospecificdetail.
Whenyouuseavisual(aphotograph,painting,chart,table,orgraph)fromanoutsidesource
withinyourpaper
*Note:Atextcanbewritten,visual,auditory,orelectronic(i.e.awebsite).
HowdoIgoaboutcitingmysources?
Everytimeyouhaveadirectquotation,paraphrasedidea,summaryfrom/ofanothersource,a
statisticorfact,referencetoanothertext,oravisualyoumusthaveaFootnoteorEndnotethat
tellsthebasicinformationaboutthesourcefromwheretheinformationcame.

Footnotes/Endnotes:

Everytimeyouincludeinformationfromoneofyoursources,youneedtoinserteithera
Footnote(placedatthebottomofeachpage)oranEndnote(placedattheendofthepaper,
labeledasNotes)thatconsistsofthebasicinformationaboutyoursource(author,title,
publisher,placeofpublication,date,pagenumber,etc.).Footnotestendtobeusedmorethan
Endnotes,butaskyourprofessorabouthis/herpreference.FootnotesandEndnoteshavethe
samefunctionasintextcitationsusedinMLAandAPAstylesofdocumentation.
Thenextpagewilldiscusshowtoinsertandsetupnotes.Forinformationonformattingnotes
accordingtosourcetype,seepage9.


HowtoInsertaNote:Wheninsertingthenote,makesureyoudosoaftertheendpunctuation

markandanyquotationmarks(seethenextsentence).InMicrosoftWord2007,simplyclickon
theReferencestabatthetop,andclickonInsertFootnoteorInsertEndnote.1
InMicrosoftWord2003,clickonInsert,Reference,andthen
Footnote.YoucanthenspecifyifyouwanttoinsertaFootnoteoranEndnote.
Indenting:Indentthefirstlineofeachnoteentry1/2inch(orfivespaces)fromtheleftmargin
donotindentadditionallinesinanentry.
LineSpacing:Singlespacethecontentsofeachnoteanddoublespacebetweennotes.
FormattingandNumbering:
oBeginthenotewiththeArabicnumeralthatcorrespondstothenumberednoteinthetext
(MicrosoftWordwilldothisautomatically).Putaperiodafterthenumber.Thenumbershouldbe
thesamesizeasthetextofthenote,eithersize10or12pt(TimesNewRoman).oEvery
quote,paraphrase,statistic,etc.thatyouincludefromyourresearchshouldhaveanewnote.
So,if
yourefertoideasfromyoursources15timesinyourpaper,youshouldhave15notes,
numbered115.oThefirsttimeasourceismentionedinanote,theentryshouldbein
completeform.Citationsfromthis

sourcementionedafterthefirsttimecanappearinshortenedform(refertopage
19).oSeepage9formoreinformationonformattingNotesaccordingtosource
type.
OtherusesforNotes(seepage19formoreinformation):
Tomakecrossreferencestootherpagesinyourpaperortoothertexts
Tomakecommentsonmaterialwhichyoubelievewouldinterrupttheflowofthepaper
Tomakeacknowledgementstootherwritersandresearchers

FootnoteExamples(seethesamplepaperonpage2forotherexamples)
Example2(seebottomofthepage)Example
3

(seebottomofthepage)Example4(seebottomofthepage)
EndnoteExampleExample
1

(seetheendofthehandout,page20)
SampleFootnotes
1.Thisiswherethefootnotewillbeplaced.
2.JoeSmith,YouthandShakespeare(London:BritishLiteraturePress,2002),
15.Iftherewasmoreinformationtothesourcethenthesecondlinewouldbeformatted

likethis(i.e.notindented).
3.GeorgeRogersandKimONeil,RenaissancePainters(Chicago:BritishArtPress,
2000),60.
4.DebraDeAngeloetal.,TheCivilWarsEffects(Detroit:AmericanHistoryPublishers,
1994),305.
4

Quoting
Quotingisdefinedaspresentingtheexactwordingofatext,indicatedbytheuseofquotation
markstobracketinthequotedmaterial.Therearetwotypesofquotes:shortandlongquotes.

ShortQuotes:
Fewerthan100words
Markedbyquotationmarks
Includealeadinorfollowup,consistingofyourownwordswithinthesamesentence
IncludeanExplanationorInterpretationofthequote,usuallyfollowingit
Endpunctuationisplacedbeforefinalquotationmark
Notenumberfollowsfinalquotationmark
Includeinthenotethepagenumberforwherethequotedmaterialappears(seeexample
below)
Anythingyouinsertintoaquotationforclarificationneedsbrackets[].
Ellipses...shouldbeusedwhenyouareleavingoutportionsofaquotation.

Example:
OriginalText:RomeoandJulietisnotonlythetaleoftwoyoung,doomedloversitis
thestoryofhowyouthcanbedestroyedwhenthebanalityofadulthoodisimminent.
[From:JoeSmith,YouthandShakespeare(London:BritishLiteraturePress,2002),15.]

IncorrectlyFormattedQuote:
Noleadin

Shakespearestragediesalsofeaturelessonsaboutyouthandaging.Romeoand
Julietisnotjustthestoryofyoungloversitisthetaleofhowyouthcanbedestroyed
whenthebanalityofbeinganadultisimminent.1
Noteforthisquote:1.JoeSmith,YouthandShakespeare(London:BritishLiterature
Press,2002).
Thequoteisincorrectbecausethewriterhasleftoutthepagenumber,insertedthenote
numberincorrectly,leftoutwordsandphrases(twoanddoomed),andhasalteredother
phrasing(talebecamestory,storybecametale,andadulthoodbecamebeingan
adult).Thiswouldbeconsideredaformofplagiarismbecausethewriterismisrepresentingthe
exactideaoftheauthor.Thewriterhasalsoleftthequotebyitselfinasentencewithnoleadin
orfollowupwording,whichisineffectivewriting.Thewriteralsofailedtoincludeanexplanation
ofthequote.

CorrectlyFormattedQuote:Shakespearestragediesalsofeaturelessonsaboutyouth
andaging.AccordingtoSmith,RomeoandJulietisnotonlythetaleoftwoyoung,

doomedloversitisthestoryofhowyouthcanbedestroyedwhenthebanalityof
adulthoodisimminent.1Theplaysuggeststhatinyouthiswhenwearethemost
hopefulandevenlogical,butthisendsinadulthoodwhenweareovercomeby
bitternessandirrationality.
Notenumberin

Missing
thewrongplace.

pagenumber
Leadin
ExplanationofQuote
Notenumber

Noteforthisquote:

1.JoeSmith,YouthandShakespeare(London:BritishLiteraturePress,2002),15.
Pagenumber

Thisisacorrectquotebecausethewriterhasproperlyintroduced,included,andcitedthe
quote.


LongQuotes:

Morethan100wordsor8typedlines
Printedinaselfstandingblock,indented5spaces
Singlespaced
Noquotationmarksused
Notenumberfollowsthefinalsentenceofthequote.
Includeinthenotethepagenumber(s)forwherethequotedmaterialappears(seeexample
below)
LeadinandExplanationorInterpretationneeded

Example:
ManyscholarshaveexploredhowthecharactersofRomeoandJulietrejecttheir
families
prejudices.AsJohnsonnotes,
LeadinSinglespacedThetwoyoungloversaresymbolicofthedangersinherentin
prejudicedbehavior.Itwillinevitably
Indented5

destroythosewhohateandarehated,alongwithanyoneelsecaughtinthecrossfire.
Bothteenshaveparentswhorejectthepossibilityofyounglovebecausetheyhave
forgottenhowtoloveoneanotherspaces
asfriendsandneighbors.Theparentsarefirmlyresolvedtoliveonlywithintheconfines
of their own families, refusing to understand, forgive, and accept those who have
wronged them. Romeo and Juliet refuse to give in to this way of life, not wanting to
believethatthisisthefatethatwillbefallthem.2
However,theirrefusaltobowtosuchpressuresresultsonlyintheirdeaths.Howshould
anaudienceview
suchaconsequence?Whendeathistheonlyalternativetolivingindiscord,isthere
anyhopeatallinthe
play?
(Noteforthisquote):
2.NinaJohnson,PrejudiceinShakespeare(LosAngeles:HollywoodBooks,2001),4.

Summarizing
Summarizingisnotawordforwordquotationofatext.Youtakeeithertheentiretextor
informationfromalargepassageofitandcondenseitintoyourownwords,followingthesame
basicorderastheoriginaltext.Itisverysimilartowritingabookreport.Thenotenumber
followsthesummarysentence(s).Includethepagenumbers(ifappropriate)forwherethe

informationisfound.Whenwritingasummary,trytoincludetheauthorsnameinthefirst
sentenceandreferbacktohim/herthroughouttherestofthesummarytomakeitclearthat
yourereferringtohis/hertext.

Example
JonesoutlinesthecausesofthepaintersrefusaltoworkfortheKing.Heprovidesanoverview
oftherelationshipbetweenthepainterandtheroyalfamily,fromitsblissfulbeginningtoits
turbulentend.Jonesalsodetailstheartistsownstruggleswithhisidentityandcreativepotential.
Note
Explanation
Pagenumber
3

3.KyleJones,ArtistsandtheRoyals(NewYork:ColorfulPress,1998),1520.
6

Paraphrasing
Paraphrasingissimilartosummarizingbutusuallyworkswithamuchsmallersectionoftext,
suchasaspecificidea.Thewriteruseshisorherownwordsandphrasinginpresentingan
ideaofasource.Aparaphrasedoesnotfollowthesameorderofideasastheoriginal
passageitmustberestructured!Thepagenumberforwheretheinformationappearsinthe
textmustalsobeincludedinthenote(seetheexamplebelow).

Example:
OriginaltextRomeoandJulietisnotonlythetaleoftwoyoung,doomedloversitisthe
storyofhowyouthcanbedestroyedwhenthebanalityofadulthoodisimminent.
[From:JoeSmith,YouthandShakespeare(London:BritishLiteraturePress,2002),15.]

IncorrectlyParaphrasedtext:
RomeoandJulietisnotonlyastoryofayoungpairoftragicloversitisataleofthe
destructionofyouthinthefaceofthemonotonyofadulthood.
4

Grammaticalstructureistoosimilartothe
originalNoteforthisparaphrase:4.JoeSmith,YouthandShakespeare(London:British
LiteraturePress,2002).
Missingpagenumber

Thisisanincorrectparaphrasebecausethewriterleftoutthepagenumberandhasnot
changedthestructureoftheauthorsoriginalsentenceinstead,thewritersimplysubstituted
synonymsforvariouswords.

CorrectlyParaphrasedtext:
Grammaticalstructureisdifferentfromtheoriginal

Itistheuninspiredlifestyleofbeinganadult,andthedestructionofoneschildhoodinnocence
thatresultsfromitsonset,thattrulycharacterizesRomeoandJuliet,notsimplythestoryof
tragicunrequitedlove.
4

Noteforthisparaphrase:4.JoeSmith,YouthandShakespeare(London:British
LiteraturePress,2002),15.
Thisisacorrectparaphrasebecausethewriterhasproperlycitedtheidea,usedhis/herown
wordingandrestructuredtheorderofideaswithinthesentence.

Tipsforaneffectiveparaphrase:
Readtheoriginalpassageseveraltimesuntilyoufeelyoufullyunderstandit.
Imaginehowyouwouldexplainthispassageorallytosomeonewhohadnotreadit.

Putthepassageasideandwrite/typeitinyourownwords.
Checkyourversionwithoriginal.Makesurethatthestructureandwordingofyour
versionandthatoftheoriginalaredifferent.Ifyoucannotthinkofhowelsetosay
certainwordsorphrases,placequotationmarksaroundthem.
Onceyoufeelyouhaveastrongparaphraseonethatisstructureddifferentlyfrom
theoriginalandusesyourownwordsinsertaproperlyformattednote.
Pagenumber


Bibliography/WorksCitedCheckwithyourprofessoraboutwhichformofreferencelistyou

shouldincludeinyourpaper:
TheBibliographydetailsthesourcesusedinwritingthepaper,includingthosenotspecifically
citedinthepaper.Thismaybeattachedtoaresearchpaper,butmorelikelyitiscompletedat
somepointearlierduringtheresearchprocesstogiveyourinstructorsanideaofhowyour
researchisprogressing.
TheWorksCiteddetailsonlythesourcesdocumentedandreferencedthroughouttheresearch
paper.
ThetitleBibliographyorWorksCitedshouldbecenteredatthetopofthepage
Continuenumberingthesepagesinthesamemannerastheprecedingpages
Thelistshouldbealphabetizedaccordingtothefirstwordofeachentry,usuallyanauthors
lastname,orwhenthereisnoauthorlisted,accordingtothetitleofthesource.
Thefirstlineofeachentryshouldbeflushupagainsttheleftmargin.Thesecondand
subsequentlinesofeachentryshouldbeindentedfivespaces(hangingindent).
Eachentryissinglespaced,withdoublespacingbetweeneachentry
Iftherearetwoormoreworksbythesameauthor,startingwiththesecondentry,replacethe
authorsnamewithfourhyphensfollowedbyaperiod.Arrangetheentriesalphabeticallybytitle
(ignoretheora(n).SeetheJonesexampleintheBibliographybelow.
Iftherearetwoormoreauthorswiththesamelastname,alphabetizetheentriesaccordingto
firstname.SeetheSmithexamplesintheBibliographybelow.
8Bibliography
Browning,Louise.IntroductiontoPrideandPrejudice,byJane
Austen.London:AustenitePublications,1978.
Ford,CarolO.,JohnH.Harris,ToddL.Donovan,andMichele
Stuart.TheMusicofBeethoven:SecretSymphonies.London:OxfordUniversity,1994.
Jenkins,Anne.RacismandtheWhiteWoman:ABlackFeministPerspective.InCriticalPerspectivesonRaceandGender,
editedbyStephenDouglas,1528.Louisville,KY:DerbyPress,2005.
Jones,Rebecca.AFashionQueenisDethroned.NewYorkPost,
June28,2005,finaledition.
.LookingAheadatFashionWeek.NewYorkTimes,August
15,2006,earlyedition.
Lopez,Wendy.CivilWarPaintings.Chicago:Universityof
ChicagoPress,2002.
Smith,John.ThePoliticsofChineseArchitecture.Artand
Society25,no.2(1998):150163.
Smith,Kevin,andFrancisBrown.TheItalianRenaissance.
Denver:UniversityofDenverPress,2000.

Pagenumber

Hangingindent
Singlespacingwithineachentry
AlphabeticalOrder
Doublespacingbetweentheentries
8


ExamplesofChicagoStyleDocumentationWehaveprovidedNoteandBibliography/Works

Citedexamplesbelow.TheChicagoManualofStyle(16thedition)assertsthatifyouincludea
fullBibliography/WorksCitedlistingeverysourcereferencedinyourpaper,thenonlya
shortenedformofthecitationneedstobeincludedinthenotesportionofyourpaper(seethe
SecondandSubsequentReferencessectionforformatting).However,itisrecommendedthat
youincludeafullnoteforasourcethefirsttimeyourefertoitinyourpaper,andthenusethe
shortenedformforeverymentioningofthesourcethatfollows.Youshouldalsotalkwithyour
professorabouthis/herpreferences.Youshouldformateachnoteandcitationwiththeintentof
tryingtofittheinformationononelinehowever,mostcitationswillcarryoverontoasecondor
eventhirdline.Ifanexamplebelowshowscertaininformationonaparticularline,itisonly
becauseitcouldnotfitonthefirstline.

AnoteaboutDOInumbers
:DOIstandsforDigitalObjectIdentifier.Manyonlinearticles
andbooksnowpossessthisnumber.Itcanusuallybefoundonthefirstpageofanarticle,on
thelandingpageforanarticleorbookinadatabase,oronthewebpagewherethearticleor
bookislocated.Thenumberalwaysbeginswiththenumber10andwillhelpyourreadersto
findtheonlinesourcescitedmoreeasily.Certaincitationswillrequirethisnumber.

Book
Note:
#.FirstNameLastNameofAuthor,TitleofBook(PlaceofPublication:Publisher,
YearofPublication),pagenumber.
1.WendyLopez,CivilWarPaintings(Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,2002),25.
Bibliography/WorksCited:
LastName,FirstNameofAuthor.TitleofBook.PlaceofPublication:Publisher,Yearof
Publication.
Lopez,Wendy.CivilWarPaintings.Chicago:UniversityofChicagoPress,2002.
Bookwithandeditor,translator,orcompiler(noauthornamed):Usethefollowingabbreviations:
trans.fortranslator,ed.foreditor,comp.forcompiler.

Note:
#.FirstNameLastNameofeditor,translator,orcompiler,roleabbreviation,Title
ofBook(PlaceofPublication:Publisher,YearofPublication),pagenumber.
4.EveFerris,trans.,Beowulf(Detroit:OldEnglishPress,1988),55.
Bibliography/WorksCited:
LastName,FirstNameofeditor,translator,compiler,roleabbreviation.TitleofBook.
PlaceofPublication:
Publisher,YearofPublication.

Ferris,Eve,trans.Beowulf.Detroit:OldEnglishPress,1988.
9