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Ancient India
Sites
Early (preHarappan)
Kalibangan
Banawali
Dholavira (Kutch)
Rakhigarhi
(Ghaggar)
Mature
(Harappan)
Late phase
(post-urban)
Harappa
Mohenjodaro
Chanhu-daro
Lothal
Kalibangan
Banawali (Hissar)
Sutkagendor
(Pakistan)
Sukotada (Gujarat)
Dholavira
Rakhigarhi
Dholavira
Rakhigarhi
Bhagwanpura
Manda (Jammu);
Chandigarh,
Shangol (Punjab);
Daulatpur, Mitthal
(Haryana);
Alamgirpur. Hulas
(West UP)
Site
Remarkable
Feature
Sutkagendor Surkotada
Mohenjo-daro
Kalibangan
Marked by a citadel
Great Bath;
Large granary
Impressive drainage system
Piece of woven cotton
Mother Goddess
Seal of pashu-pati
Grain and plough
Town planning
o Grid system
The Indus people were the earliest to produce cotton
Aryans
Male dominated
Pastoral
Horse was a significant animal
Rig veda Consists of 10 mandalas (books): Book 1 and 10 are
relatively new
Earliest specimen of Indo-European language: 2200 BC inscription
in Iran. Later in the Hittite inscriptions in Anatolia
1500 BC came to India
Sindhu is the river par excellence for them
Saraswati is the best of the rivers in Rig Veda
Panchajana five tribes into which Aryans were divided
Used ploughshare
Land did not form a well-established type of private property
Metal working was known
Rajan king
Samiti, sabha, vidatha,gana tribal assembly
Jainism
24 tirthankaras.
First: Rishab Dev
23rd: Parshavnath
Mahavir (599 BC 527 BC) or (540 BC 468 BC)
In Kundagrama near Vaishali
Father Siddartha (Jnatrika clan)
Mother Trishala (sister of Lichchhavi chief Chetaka)
Died at Pavapuri near Rajgir
Five doctrines: Do not violence, steal, lie, acquire property
and do observe brahmacharya
Did not condemn the varna system
Triratna: right knowledge, right faith, right action
Spread to Kalinga in first century BC. King Kharavela
Used Prakrit language. Literature written in Ardhamagadhi
Prepared the grammar of Apabhramsha
Contributed to the growth of Kannada
Buddhism
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Do not
Covet others property
Commit violence
Lie
Use intoxicants
Indulge in corrupt practices
Territorial States
Kingdoms and Capitals
Kingdom
Capital
Kapilavastu
Lichchhavis
Piprahwa
Vaishali
Mahajanpadas
Anga
Kashi
Koshala
Mallas
Vatsa/Vamsa
Avanti
Champa
Varanasi
Shravasti
Kushinara
Kaushambi
Ujjain (North)/ Mahishamati
(South)
Rajgir (Girivraja)
Magadha
Chedi/Cheti
Kuru
Panchala
Matsya
Surasena
Ashmaka
Gandhara
Kamboja
Vriji/Vajji
Mathura
Mithila
Dynasty
Capitals
Satvanahanas
Pandya
Chola
Chalyukyas
Pallavas
Kadambas
Gangas
Paithan
Madurai
Puhar (kaveripattanam)
Badami (Bijapur)
Kanchi
Vijayanti
Kolar
Dyansty
Ruler
Remark
Haryanka
Bimbisara
Ajatsatru
Udayin
Shishunagas
Nandas (most
powerful rulers of
Magadha)
Mahapadma Nanda
Mauryas (Patliputra)
Mauryas had a very Chandragupta
elaborate
Maurya
bureaucracy
Bindusara
Ashoka
Contemporary of
Buddha
Built fort on the
confluence of
Ganga and Son at
Patna
Destroyed the
power of Avanti
Megasthenes
visited during his
time
Links with Greek
princes
Buddhism
Shunga
Pushyamitra
Shunga
Destroyed the
Mauryan empire.
Killed Maurya king
Brihadratha
Literature
Book
Author/Langu Remark
age
Digha Nikaya
Pali
Buddhist text
North-West India
Menander (Milinda) was the most famous Indo-Greek ruler.
His capital at Sakala (Sialkot)
Converted to Buddhism by Nagasena (Nagarjuna)
Shakas
Succeeded the Greeks in North West
Rudradaman I : most famous ruler
o He issued first ever long inscription in chaste Sanskrit
Parthians
Followed Shakas
Famous king: Gondophernes
o St. Thomas came during his reign
Kushans
o
o
Deccan
o
o
o
o
o
Satavahanas
Succeeded Mauryas in Deccan
Brahmana rulers
Gautamiputra Satkarni (AD 106-130)
Vashishthiputra Pulimayi: Capital at Paithan
Started the practice of granting tax-free villages to Brahmanas
and Buddhist Monks
Yajna Sri Satakarni
Chaityas (Buddhist temples) and Viharas (monastaries) were
constructed during their times
Most famous Chaitya at Karle in Deccan
Show trace of matrilineal social structure
Administration
Ahara district
Officials amatyas or mahamatras
Gaulmika head of a small military regiment and look after
administration in rural areas
Three grades of feudatories: raja, mahabhoja, senapati
Language: Prakrit
South
Pandya
Chola
Cheras
Chalukyas
Badami (Bijapur)
Pulakesin II was the important ruler
Court poet Ravikirti wrote his eulogy in the Aihole inscription
Pallavas
Foreign Invasions
Major events
326-325 BC
Alexanders invasion
Literature
Book
Author
Mudrarakshasa (play)
Indika
Milind Panho
Vishakhadatta
Megasthenes
Buddhist literature of
Buddhacharita
Saundarananda (Sanskrit
kavya)
Mahavastu (Buddhist-hybrid
Sanskrit)
Divyavandan (Buddhist-hybrid
Sanskrit)
Kamsutra
Charaksamhita
Gathasaptasatti (Prakrit book)
Tolkkappiyam (deals with
grammar and poetics)
Silappadikaram and
Manimekalai are Tamil epics
Natural History (Latin)
Mrichchhakatika
Abhijnanashakuntalam
Amarakosha
Romaka Sidhanta (Astronomy)
Harshacharita
Priyadarshika; Ratnavali; and
Nagananda (plays)
Astadhyayi
Mahabhashika
Suryasiddhanta
Brihatsamhita
Sushrutsamhita
Charaksamhita
questions of Manender to
Nagarjuna
Ashvaghosha
Ashvaghosha
Vatsyayana
Charaka
Hala (Satavahana king)
<Ilango Adigal?
(silappadikaram)>
Pliny (Roman writer)
Shudraka
Kalidasa
Amarasimha
Banabhatta
Harshavardhana
Panini
Patanjali
A treatise on astronomy.
Authorship disputed.
Varahmira (5th CE)
Sushrut (2nd CE)
Charak (2nd CE)
Travelers
Traveler
During time
Work
of
Megasthenes
(ambassador of
Seleucus)
Fa Hein
Hsuan Tsang
Chandragupta
Maurya
Indika
Chandragupta
Vikramaditya
Harshavardhana
Philosophy
Six schools
School
Philosophy
Samkhaya
Materialistic. No
Kapila
god. Later turned
spiritualistic.
Prakriti-Purusha.
Salvation through
knowledge acquired
through pratyaksha,
anumana, shabda
Slavation through
meditation and
physical application
System of logic.
Salvation through
acquisition of
knowledge.
Discussion of
Yoga
Nyaya
Vaisheshika
Major
proponent
material elements
or dravya. Atom
theory. (beginning
of physics). Belief in
god.
Vedas contain the
eternal truth.
Reasoning provided
for vedic rituals.
Perform vedic rites
for salvation.
Brahmasutra.
Brahma is the
reality. Atma is
identical with
Brahma.
Mimansa
Vedanta
Lokayata
Materialistic
philosophy.
Shankara (Advaita)
born in Kerala
Ramanuja
(Vishistadvaita)
Shuddhadvaita
(Vallabha)
Charavaka
Mauryan officers
Sangam literature
Misc
Shataka was a special type of cloth made at Mathura
Artisan guilds were called shrents
Uttarapatha was a sea route most frequently in use
Gomat wealthy person
Guptas
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
Harshavardhana