SCC Using Brick Bats + Steel Fiber

STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FIBRE
REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

BY PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF COARSE
AGGREGATE WITH BRICK BATS
A PROJECT REPORT
Submitted by
In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

Of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
IN
CIVIL ENGINEERING
NOORUL ISLAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

KUMARACOIL, THUCKALAY
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
Certified
that
this
PERFORMANCE
project
OF
COMPACTING
report
FIBRE
STUDY
ON
REINFORCED
CONCRETE
BY
THE
SELF
PARTIAL
REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE WITH BRICK

BATS is a bonafide work of
who carried out under my supervision.
SIGNATURE:
SIGNATURE:
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
INTERNAL EXAMINER
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We acknowledge that it is by the GRACE OF GOD we were
able to complete our work successfully.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
The
most
revolutionary
development
in
concrete
construction for several decades has been the discovery and use of
Self Compacting Concrete. SCC was developed to ensure adequate
compaction through self consolidation and facilitate placement of
concrete in structures with congested reinforcement and in
restricted areas. SCC is a high performance material which flows
under its own weight without requiring vibrators to achieve
consolidation by complete filling of formwork. This project deals
with the comparison of the characteristic properties of normal SCC
and SCC with partial replacement of coarse aggregates with brick
bats and that further induced with steel fibres by keeping the w/p
ratio constant at a very low value. It is proposed to find a standard
mix proportion for normal SCC. A number of tests should be
conducted to find the fresh state properties of SCC. This includes
Slump Flow, J-Ring, V- Funnel and L- box. It is proposed to cast
no of specimens as cubes, cylinders and beam for testing. The
hardened properties should be determined by testing the cured
specimens for 7, 14 and 28 days. The tests including compressive
strength test, flexural strength test and split tensile strength test.
The same procedure is followed for SCC with partial replacement
of coarse aggregates with brick bats and further reinforced with
steel fibres. All results have to be tabulated and compared.
CONTENTS
CONTENTS
TITLE
ACKNOWLEGDEMENT
ABSTRACT
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF CHARTS AND GRAPHS
LIST OF FIGURES
PAGE
NO
iii
iv
v
xi
xv
xiii
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
1.2 Aim
1.3 Objective
1.4 Methodology
1
2
3
4
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 General
2.2 Literature review
5
5
3. SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

3.1 General
3.2 Materials
3.2.1 Cement
3.2.2 Fine Aggregate
3.2.3 Coarse Aggregate
3.2.4 Water
3.2.5 Fly Ash
3.2.6 Steel Fibres
3.2.7 Brick Bats
3.2.8 Chemical Admixture ( super plasticizers )
3.3 Properties of SCC
3.3.1 Filling Ability
3.3.2 Passing Ability
3.3.3 Segregation Resistance
3.4 Mix Design
3.4.1 Determination of Air Content
3.4.2 Determination of coarse Aggregate volume
3.4.3 Determination of Sand content
10
10
10
11
11
11
12
12
12
13
14
15
17
17
18
8
3.4.4 Design of paste composition

3.4.5 Determining the optimum
18
volumetric
water to powder ratio and SP dosage in

mortar
3.4.6 Test on Concrete
18
19
4. MATERIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SCC

4.1 General
4.2 Test on Cement
4.2.1 Fineness test
4.2.2 Consistency test
4.2.3 Initial Setting time test
4.2.4 Final Setting time test
4.3 Test on Fine Aggregate
4.3.1 Sieve Analysis
4.3.2 Specific Gravity
4.3.3 Bulk Density
4.4 Test on Coarse Aggregate
4.4.3 Bulk Density
4.5 Test on SCC
4.5.1 Slump Flow test
4.5.2 L Box test
4.5.3 V Funnel test
4.5.4 J Ring test
4.6 Test to be fulfilled to qualify as SCC
20
5. EXPERIMENT WORK ON SCC

5.1 General
5.2 Test on cement
5.2.1 Fineness test
5.2.2 Consistency test
5.2.3 Initial Setting time test
5.2.4 Final Setting time test
5.3 Test on Fine Aggregate
5.3.3 Bulk Density
5.4 Test on Coarse Aggregate
40
20
21
21
22
22
22
23
24
24
24
25
28
31
34
38
40
41
42
43
44
46
47
48
50
51
9
5.4.3 Bulk Density

5.5 Test on Steel Fibres
5.6 TEST ON BRICKS
5.6.1 Water absorption test
5.6.2 Compressive strength test
5.7 Test on Fresh Concrete
5.7.1 Slump Flow test
5.7.2 L Box test
5.7.3 V Funnel test
5.7.4 J Ring test
6. HARDENED PROPERTIES OF SCC
6.1 General
6.2 Casting
6.3 Experimental study on hardened concrete
6.3.1 Compressive strength
6.3.2 Flexural strength
6.3.3 Split tensile strength
6.4 Test on hardened concrete
6.4.1 Compressive Strength test
6.4.1 a) Compressive strength of NSCC
with 6ml SP
6.4.1 b) Compressive strength of NSCC
with 6.5ml SP
6.4.1 c) Compressive strength of NSCC
with 7ml SP
6.4.1 d) Compressive strength of SCC with
30% brick bats
6.4.1 e) Compressive strength of SCC with
40% brick bats
6.4.1 f) Compressive strength of SCC with
50% brick bats
6.4.1 g) Compressive strength of SCC with
30% brick bats and 20% steel fibres
6.4.1 h) Compressive strength of SCC with
6.4.1 i) Compressive strength of SCC with
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
58
61
62
63
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
10
6.4.2 Flexural Strength Test

with 6ml SP
with 6.5ml SP
6.4.2 c) Compressive strength of NSCC
with 7ml SP
30% brick bats
40% brick bats
50% brick bats
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
6.4.3 Split Tensile Test

with 6ml SP
with 6.5ml SP
6.4.3 c) Compressive strength of NSCC with
7ml SP
30% brick bats
88
89
90
91
92
110
112
113
40% brick bats

50% brick bats
11

7. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
9. REFERENCES
10. PHOTOGRAPHS
LIST OF TABLES
12
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE
3. SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE
3.1 List of test methods for the workability
properties of SCC
3.2 Typical mix used in our project (without
steel fibres )
3.3 Typical mix used in our project (with
steel fibres )
PAGE
NO.
14
15
16
4. MATERIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SCC

4.1 Suggested value of acceptance for different
39
test methods of SCC

5. EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON SCC
5.1 Fineness test on cement
40
41
42
43
44
13
5.2 Consistency test

5.3 Initial Setting time test
5.4 Final Setting time test
5.5 Sieve Analysis of fine aggregate
5.6 Specific Gravity test
5.7 Bulk density of fine aggregate
5.8 Sieve Analysis of coarse aggregate
5.9 Specific Gravity of coarse aggregate
46
47
48
50
51
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
5.10 Bulk density of coarse aggregate

5.11 Aspect Ratio of fibre
5.12 Water absorption test
5.13 Compression test on bricks
5.14 Slump Flow test
5.15 L Box test
58
59
60
65
5.16 V Funnel test

5.17 J Ring test
66
67
6.HARDENED PROPERTIES OF SCC
68
6.1 Number of specimens casted with steel

fibres
6.2 Number of specimens casted with brick bats
6.3Number of specimens casted with steel fibresand
brick bats
6.4 Compressive Strength test of NSCC with 6ml
SP
6.5Compressive Strength test of NSCC with 6.5ml
SP
6.6Compressive Strength test of NSCC with 7ml SP
6.7 Compressive Strength test of SCC with 30%
brick bats
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
14
78
brick bats
79
brick bats
brick bats and 20% steel fibres
6.13 Flexural Strength test of NSCC with 6ml SP
6.14 Flexural Strength test of NSCC with 6.5ml SP
6.15 Flexural Strength test of NSCC with 7ml SP
6.16 Flexural Strength test of SCC with 30% brick
bats
bats
bats
bats and 20% steel fibres
6.22 Split Tensile Strength test of NSCC with 6ml SP
6.23 Split Tensile Strength test of NSCC with 6.5ml
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
99
100
103
104
SP
6.24 Split Tensile Strength test of NSCC with 7ml SP
6.25 Split Tensile Strength test of SCC with 30%
brick bats
brick bats
brick bats
15

brick bats and 30% steel fibbers
7. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION
7.1 Variations of slump flow, J- Ring, L Box
and V Funnel values with various SP contents
7.2 Mix proportion of SCC with Brick bats
7.3 Variations of slump flow, J- Ring, L Box
and V Funnel values with various SP contents
7.4 Mix proportion of SFSCC with Brick bats
16
LIST OF
CHARTS AND GRAPHS
CHARTS AND GRAPHS
TITLE
PAGE
NO.
17
5. EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON SCC

5.1 Sieve Analysis of fine aggregate
5.2Sieve Analysis of coarse aggregate
45
49
7. HARDENED PROPERTIES OF SCC

7.1 Variation of Slump flow with the volume of
Super Plasticizers ( NSCC )
7.2 Variation of J - Ring with the volume of
92
93
94

7.3 Variation of L - Box with the volume of
7.4 Variation of V Funnel with the volume
95
96
97
of
7.5 Variation of Slump flow with the volume
of
98
99
100
Super Plasticizers ( SCCBB )

7.6 Variation of J - Ring with the volume of
101
102
103

7.8 Variation of V Funnel with the volume of
105

7.9 Variation of Slump flow with the volume
105
of
Super Plasticizers ( SFSCCBB)
106
7.10 Variation of J Ring with the volume of

Super Plasticizers ( SFSCCBB )
106

18

7.12 Variation of V - Funnel with the volume
107
of
107
7.13 Compressive Strength comparison

108
between
NSCC, SFSCCBB & SCCBB (20% SF &
30%BB)
108

109
between
40%BB)
between
50%BB)
7.16 Flexural Strength comparison between
30%BB)
40%BB)
50%BB)
7.19 Split Tensile Strength comparison
between
30%BB)
19

between
40%BB)
between
50%BB
20
LIST OF FIGURES
21
LIST OF FIGURES
TITLE
PAGE
NO.
4.1
SLUMP FLOW TEST APPARATUS
28
4.2
L BOX TEST APPARATUS
31
4.3
V FUNNEL TEST APPARATUS
32
4.4
J RING APPARATUS
33
10.1
CASTING OF SAMPLES
113
10.2
CURING OF SAMPLES
114
10.3
SAMPLES FOR HARDENED TESTING
114
10.4
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TESTING
115
10.5
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TESTING
115
22
23
INTRODUCTION
24
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
Self
Compacting
Concrete
(SCC)
is
recent
development in the construction industry. SCC is a type of

concrete that can be placed in the form work and it passes
through any obstruction by its own weight and does not
require any vibration. Since its first development in Japan
during mid 1980s, SCC has gained wider acceptance in
Japan, Europe and USA due to its inherently distinct
advantages. SCC is first used in Panipat Thermal Power Plant
in Haryana.
The process of making concrete structures compact by
its own weight is known as Self Compacting Structure. These
structures are compacted without vibration. For example
placement of concrete under water is done by the use
tremiewithout vibration. Mass concrete and shaft concrete can
be successfully placed without vibration. But the above
examples of concrete are generally of low strength and its
very difficult to obtain consistent quality. Modern application
of SCC is focused on high performance, better and more
reliability and uniform quality.
SCC has been described as the most revolutionary
developments in concrete construction for several decades.
Originally developed in Japan to offset a growing shortage of
skilled labour, it has proved to be beneficial from the
following points:
25
Faster construction
Improved durability
Easier placing
Better surface finish
Greater freedom in design
Reduction in site manpower
Safe working environment
Materials for SCC:
Cement
Aggregates
Mixing water
Chemical admixtures
Mineral admixtures:
Fly ash
Steel Fibers
1.2 AIM
To compare the behaviour, strength and properties of Self
Compacting Concrete (SCC) with
Partial replacement of coarse aggregate using brick bat and
reinforced with steel fibre .
Partial replacement of coarse aggregate using brick bat
Normal Self Compacting Concrete
1.3 OBJECTIVES
To determine a suitable mix design for normal SCC.
To study the behaviour of normal SCC.
To do a comparitive study between
26
The strength and behaviour of normal SCC and SCC

reinforced with steel fibre whose coarse aggregate is
partially replaced with brick bat.
The strength and behaviour of SCC reinforced with steel
fibre whose coarse aggregate is partially replaced with brick
bat and normal SCC whose coarse aggregate is partially
replaced with brick bat.
1.4 METHODOLOGY
The aim of the project is to study the behavior and strength of
normal self compacting concrete, self compacting concrete with
partial replacement of coarse aggregate with brick bat, self
compacting concrete reinforced with steel fibre and coarse
aggregate partially replaced with brick bat and to do a comparitive
study between them.
To start with, the various tests are carried out on the materials
to be used such as cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and
bricks to know their several properties.
Now, the coarse aggregate is to be replaced by 30%, 40% and
50% of its weight by brick bats with and without steel fiber
reinforcement. The fiber ratio is also varied for each trial.
The water/powder ratio is kept constant and super plasticizer
used is varied according to the requirement of each trail. Each
material is weighed accurately and the mixing is done using the
concrete mixer. The mix is then tested to check for its self
compacting property using the various on-field tests available.
After ensuring that the self compacting property is satisfied,
the mix is cast into moulds of cubes, cylinders and beams. The
samples are removed from the mould 24 hours after casting and are
placed in water to allow curing for a period of 14 days. The
27
samples are the taken out and are respective tests are carried out
namely, cubes are tested for compressive strength, cylinders are
tested for flexural rigidity and beams are tested for tensile strength.
Thus the comparative study is made and the results are
tabulated and the comparative graphs plotted.
28
LITERATURE REVIEW
CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 GENERAL
The wide spread research and development of self
compacting concrete in the past two decades has led to a
29
substantial end increased use of self compacting concrete in

the construction industry. In this chapter those considered
most relevant to the current study are reviewed.
A brief introduction to the fresh and hardened
properties is followed by a discussion of test methods,
constituent materials and mix designs. A detailed review of fly
ash and steel fiber as addition to concrete and self compacting
concrete is demonstrated. This project mainly focused on the
behavior of normal SCC compared to SCC with the addition
of steel fibers by keeping w/p ratio as constant.
2.2 LITERATURE REVIEW
W.P.Tsai et al
in his paper Research on the
Engineering Properties of the SCC explains about certain

problem in the application of SCC in construction such as
maintenance of high flow ability of SCC ,the effects of
environmental temperature during the process of casting the
delay of setting time and the drying shrinkage control. Here
the researchers conducted three series of test in SCC with
different water/binder ratios and mixed under different
environmental temperature. The test constitutes varied fresh
SCCs workability within 30 minutes, drying shrinkage,
compressive
strength
and
elastic
modulus
of
SCC.
Researchers concluded that the slump of SCC is lost 30

minutes after mixing. But if mixed in concreter mixer with
low speed the mixed serve effectively. Also if the temperature
is, less than 15C the super plasticizer activity has been
lowered. Hence it is finally concluded that at 60 C curing will
30
shorten the initial setting time to 4 hours and keeps the

workability constant.
Effect of steel fibers on the rheology of SCC, a paper
presented by Dr. P.T.Santhosh Kumar explains that steel fiber
are used in SCC to improve the ductility, first crack load, post
crack resistance, energy absorption capacity, blast resistance
and shrinkage resistance. The methodology involves fixing
course aggregate at 50% of solid volume & fine aggregate by
40% of mortar volume. In order to obtain SCC the w/p ratio
and super plasticizer used is varied by adopting this strategy it
is found that the concrete satisfies the tests for SCC.
Influences of fiber content on properties of self
compacting steel fiber reinforced concrete by Buquan Miao
et al explains about the mix design and mechanical properties
of self compacting steel fiber reinforced mineral admixtures
such as slag and fly ash along different fiber contents were
used for the purposes of study. The test result showed that the
flexural strength and toughness of self compacting steel fiber
reinforced concrete increased while its compressive strength
decreased due to and increased air content.
Tareen R.Naik et al in this work on Use of limestone
quarry
byproducts
for
developing
economical
Self
Compacting Concrete deals with the production of economic

self compacting concrete. The experimental work was
conducted with self compacting concrete by adding limestone
quarry fines and class-c fly ash by replacing river sand and
cement this addition reduce the use of chemical admixtures,
high range water reducing admixtures and viscosity
31
modifying agent without affecting strength.

Soo-Duck Hwang in the paper Performance based
specification of SCC used in structural applications explains
an experimental program for evaluating the suitability of
various test methods for workability and performance. for this
purpose about 70 mixes of SCC are prepared with two w/p
ratio as 0.35 and 0.42 .workability tests like V-funnel flow
time, L-box filling capacity , J- ring slum flow test and
surface settlement tests were conducted and optimum values
were found out.
Hemant B.Dhonde et al in his paper Shear behavior of
pre stressed beams with steel fiber self compacting concrete
explains the effects of steel fiber in concrete. For this study
seven pre-stressed concrete I beams were chosen. Among the
seven beams one was of ordinary concrete, three were of
normal concrete with addition of steel fiber and the remaining
three of self compacting concrete with steel fiber. Strain
gauges and temperature loggers were introduced in the
specimens to note the strain and temperature during casting,
curing and pre-stressing stages. It was observed that fibers
reduce tensile strains. Also fibers increased the tensile
strength at the end zones. The shear capacities of the beam
were observed to increase significantly due to the addition of
steel fiber in concrete. Replacement of shear reinforcing bars
with steel fibers also increases the ductility of the structure,
resistant to earthquake forces thereby making it effective.
Ratchayut Kasemchaisiri et al in the work on
Properties of SCC incorporating fly ash as a partial
32
replacement of fine aggregate studied the fresh and hardened

properties of SCC by partial replacing river sand by fly ash in
varying proportions of its weights. Several samples were
casted and cured for 28 days. After 28 days curing, the
samples were tested for its compressive strength. The test
result shows a reduction in compressive strength and
increased porosity of hardened concrete.
Suraj N. Shah et al in the work on Application of
industrial wastes in the manufacturing of SCC replaces
cement partially by foundry wastes sand and red mud in
various proportions. Several samples were casted and cured
for 28 day and were tested for its compressive strength. The
compressive strength of these samples increases up to limit of
and decrease in compressive strength cannot be increased by
any further addition of super plasticizers.
Shazim Ali Memom et al on Production of low cost
SCC using rice husk ash compared the performance of SCC
with rice husk and SCC containing VMA. The test were
conducted by varying the ratios of super plasticizers used and
keeping cement ,fine aggregate ,coarse aggregate ratio as
constant. The use of rice husk samples satisfies all tests for
SCC like V-funnel, L-box, J- ring and slum flow test resulting
around 40% reduction of cost.
Equardo Borges Pereira in a research on Light weight
sandwich panels of steel fiber reinforced SCC explains about
the development of cost competitive steel fiber reinforced
SCC for industrial application , the characteristic compression
and bending behavior of SFRSCC by experimental test and to
33
assess its structural behavior by large scale tests. The method

developed in this work is based on three steps:
i) The proportion of constituent materials used
ii) The proportion of each aggregate on the final solid
Skeleton
iii) Paste and aggregate are mixed in different
proportion until the concrete satisfies the property of SCC.
The result revealed that in building, were panels are
intended to be applied. The developed SFRSCC panel
provides the necessary structural safety.
SELF COMPACTING
CONCRETE
34
CHAPTER-3
SELF COMPACTINGCONCRETE
3.1 GENERAL
All the materials used for the preparation of mix are tested
to suit the requirements.The tests include:
Tests on cement
Tests on Fine Aggregate
Tests on Coarse Aggregate
Test on Steel Fibre
35
3.2 MATERIALS
3.2.1 CEMENT
The cement in broad sense can be described as a
material with adhesive and cohesive properties, which is
capable of binding mineral fragment into compact mass.
There are several types of cements available in market.
Among which ordinary portland cement is most well known.
We use OPC-53 grade cement in our project.
3.2.2 FINE AGGREGATE
Fine Aggregate is nothing but sand. The sand increases
the volume of concrete and thus makes it cheaper. It fills the
voids in concrete and given density to concrete. It makes the
mass homogeneous and improves the strength of concrete.
The hardening process of concrete results from the chemical
reaction between silica and cement constituents.
3.2.3 COARSE AGGREGATE
For structural concrete the common coarse aggregate used
is crushed hard stone.
3.2.4 WATER
Water used for should be free from impurities. We use
water from our college campus.
3.2.5 FLY ASH
Class C Fly ash from Tuticorin Thermal Power Plant was
36
used as the filler material in the present job. Fly ash, a

principal by-product of the coal-fired power plants, is well
accepted as a pozzolonic material. Hence this may be used
either as a component of blended Portlandcement or as a
mineral admixture in concrete. In commercial practice, the
dosage offly ash is limited to 15%-20% by mass of the total
cementitious material. Usually, this amount has a beneficial
effect on the workability and cost economy of concrete but it
may not be enough to sufficiently improve the durability to
sulfate attack, alkali-silica expansion, and thermal cracking.
It is generally observed that a partial substitution of
Portland cement by fly ash in a mortar or concrete mixture
reduces the water requirement for obtaining a given
consistency. Depending on the quality of fly ash and the
amount of cement replaced, up to 20% reduction in water
requirements can be achieved.
3.2.6 STEEL FIBRE
Steel Fibres are added to SCC in order to avoid micro
cracks in concrete which eventually reduces the strength of
the concrete. The Steel Fibre used in our project is round in
cross section and is corrugated throughout its length. The steel
fibre used in our project has an aspect ratio of 115.
3.2.7 BRICK BATS
Brick is a common construction material used in framed as
well as load-bearing structures. It is made of earth, common
constituents being alumina and silica. Brick bat is nothing but
broken bricks. For our project, kiln-burnt, Class A bricks
37
obtained from near Panagudi were used. The bricks were

broken into bats and graded by passing them through 20mm
sieve. The pieces retained in the 18mm sieve were used as
coarse aggregate.
3.2.7 CHEMICAL ADMIXTURE (Super plasticizer)
The super plasticizer used in our project is Conplast -SP
430. It is a high performance super plasticizer intended for
applications where increased early and ultimate compressive
strengths are required, and it has been developed for use in:
Self compacting concrete
Pumped concrete
Concrete requiring long workability retention
High performance concrete
Advantages:
Increased early and ultimate compressive strength
Increased flexural strength
Higher Elasticity modulus
Improved adhesion to reinforcing and stressing steel
38
Better resistance to carbonation

Lower permeability
Better
resistance
to
aggressive
atmospheric
conditions
Reduced shrinkage and creep
Increased durability
3.3 PROPERTIES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

Self compacting concrete is achieved by its unique fresh
state properties. In the plastic state it flows under its own weight
and maintain homogeneity. Hence it will completely fill any
formwork and pass around congested reinforcement. The
workability of SCC is the important parameter and it is
characterized by the following properties.
Filling ability
Passing ability
Segregation resistance
3.3.1 Filling Ability
The ability of passing or flowing in horizontal and vertical
direction without keeping air entrapped inside the concrete or at the
surface is called filling ability. This can be estimated by slump flow
test. The expected value of flow is 650-800mm.
39
3.2.2 Passing Ability

Passing ability is required to guarantee a homogenous
distribution of the components of SCC in the vicinity of obstacles.
The minimum bar distance to avoid blocking depends on the flow
ability of SCC. This can be tested by L-Box.
3.2.3 Segregation Resistance
Segregation resistance is the resistance of the components of
SCC to migration or separation. Particles having a relatively high
density or a low surface volume ratio are more prone to
segregation. This can be done by V-Funnel.
Table 3.1
List of test methods for workability properties of SCC
Sl.No
METHOD
PROPERTY
Slump Flow
Filling Ability
J-Ring
Passing Ability
V-Funnel
Filling Ability
L-Box
Passing Ability
Table: 3.2
Typical Mix used in our project (without steel fibre)
40
Material
Unit
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
SCC+30
SCC+40
SCC+50
SCC
% brick
%brick
% brick
bat
bat
bat
Cement
Kg/m3
315
315
315
315
Flyash
Kg/m3
135
135
135
135
Kg/m3
918.75
918.75
918.75
918.75
Kg/m3
648.76
454.132
389.256
324.36
l/m3
6,6.5,7
9.5
9.5
9.5
VMA
Kg/m3
Brick bat
Kg/m3
194.628
259.504
324.36
W/P Ratio
Kg/m3
0.57
0.57
0.57
0.57
Fine
Aggregate
Coarse
Aggregate
Super
Plasticizer
41
Table: 3.3
Typical Mix used in our project (with steel fibre)
Material
Unit
Normal
Normal
Normal
Normal
SCC+30
SCC+40
SCC+50
SCC
% brick
%brick
% brick
bat
bat
bat
Cement
Kg/m3
315
315
315
315
Flyash
Kg/m3
135
135
135
135
Kg/m3
918.75
918.75
918.75
918.75
Kg/m3
648.76
454.132
389.256
324.36
l/m3
6,6.5,7
9.5
9.5
9.5
VMA
Kg/m3
Steel fibre
Kg/m3
20
25
30
Brick bat
Kg/m3
194.628
259.504
324.36
W/P Ratio
Kg/m3
0.57
0.57
0.57
0.57
Fine
Aggregate
Coarse
Aggregate
Super
Plasticizer
42
3.4 MIX DESIGN:
Procedure:
The following sequence is followed:
Determine the desired air content
Determine the coarse aggregate volume
Determine the sand content
Design the paste composition
Determine the optimum water to powder ratio and super
plasticizer dosage in mortar
Finally the concrete properties are assessed by standard test
3.4.1 Determination of Air content:
Generally, air content may be assumed to be 2%. In case of
freeze thaw conditions in cold weather concreting depends on the
following parameters.
3.4.2Determination of coarse aggregate volume:
Coarse aggregate volume is defined by bulk density .generally
coarse aggregate (D > 4.75) should be between 50% and 60%
.optimum coarse aggregate content depends on the following
parameters.
43
The lower the maximum aggregate size, the higher the

proportion.
The rounded aggregate can be used at higher percentage than
crushed aggregates.
3.4.3Determination of sand content:
Sand, in the context of mix design procedure is defined as
all particles bigger than 125 micron and smaller than 4.75 mm.
Sand content is defined by bulk density. The optimum volume
content of sand in the mortar varies between 40-50% depending on
paste properties.
3.4.4Design the paste composition:
Initially the water/ powder ratio for zero flow (p) is
determined in the pasta; with chosen proportion of cement and
additions. Flow cone test with selected water/ powder ratio by
volume are performed with selected powder composition.
3.4.5Determine the optimum volumetric water to powder ratio
and super plasticizer dosage in mortar:
Tests with flow cone and v-funnel for mortar are performed
at varying water/powder ratios in the range of (0.8 to 0.9) p and
dosage of super plasticizer .the super plasticizer is used to balance
the rheology of the paste .The volume content of sand in the mortar
remains the same as determined above.
The target values are slump flow of 24 to 26 cm and vfunnel time of 7 to 11 seconds.At target slump flow, where vfunnel time is lower than 7sec, then decrease the water/powder
ratio. For largest v-funnel time and slump flow in excess of 11
44
seconds water/powder ratio should be increased.

If these criteria cannot be fulfilled, then the particular
combination of materials is inadequate. One can also change the
type of super plasticizer. Another alternative is a new additive, and
as a last resort is to change the cement.
3.4.6Test on concrete:
The concrete composition is now determined and the super
plasticizer dosage is finally selected on the basis of tests on
concrete.
45
MATERIAL
CHARACTERISTICS
OF SELF
COMPACTING
CONCRETE
46
CHAPTER- 4
MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF

COMPACTING CONCRETE
4.1 GENERAL
Several tests were conducted in constituent materials to suit
the requirement of the preparation of SCC mix
4.2 TESTS ON CEMENT

Several tests were conducted in cement to find out its different
properties .These tests are as follows
Fineness test
Consistency test
Initial setting time test
47
Final setting time test
4.2.1FINENESS TEST
Fineness test is carried out by using the
following
apparatus
which
includes
IS:
90
micron
sieve,Weighing balance,Brush, Tray & Trowel.Correctly,

about 100 grams of cement was weighed and taken in a
standard IS sieve no 90. The lumps were broken down and
the material was sieved continuously for 15 minutes using
sieve shaker. The residue left on the sieve was weighed.
Percentage of residue left on sieve = (weight retained /weight
taken) x100
4.2.2 CONSISTENCY TEST
500gms of cement was taken and a paste was prepared with
32 % (by weight of cement) quantity of water. The paste was filled
in the mould within 3 to 5 minutes. The mould was shaken to exit
air. A standard plunger 10mm diameter and 50mm long was
brought down to touch the surface of the paste in the test block and
quickly released to sink into the paste by its own weight. The depth
of penetration of the plunger was noted down. The second trials
were conducted by 36% of water and the depth of penetration was
found out. Numbers of trials were conducted till plunger penetrates
for a depth of 33 to 35mm from top. The particular percentage of
water, which allows the plunger to penetrate to a depth of 33 to
35mm, is known as the percentage of water required to produce a
cement paste of standard consistency (P).
48
4.2.3 INITIAL SETTING TIME TEST.

A neat cement paste with 0.85 times of the water required
was prepared to give a standard consistency. The time at which the
water was added was noted down. The Vicat mould was filled with
the cement paste in few minutes. The surface of the paste was
smoothed making it level with the top of the mould. The needle
was lowered gently into the surface of the paste and quickly
released and allowed to sink into the paste by its own weight. The
procedure was repeated until the needle fails to pierce the block for
about 5mm to 7 mm measured from bottom and the time was noted
down in stopwatch. The difference between the timing will give the
initial setting time.
4.2.4 FINAL SETTING TIME TEST
The procedure is similar to initial setting time. Here needle
with annular collar was inserted in Vicat apparatus. The impression
mark was noted at every 30 minutes. The procedure was repeated
until the attachment fails to make an impression on the test block.
4.3 TESTS ON FINE AGGREGATE

Several tests were conducted in fine aggregate to find out
its different properties .These tests are as follows
Sieve analysis
Specific gravity
Bulk density
49
4.3.1SIEVE ANALYSIS
This test is performed to determine the percentage of
different grain sizes contained within a soil. The mechanical or
sieve analysis is performed to determine the distribution of the
coarser, larger-sized particles About 1000 grams of the sample
was brought to air-dried condition before weighing and sieving
was achieved after drying at room
temperature. The
air-dry
sample was weighed and sieved successively on the appropriate

sieves starting with the largest size sieve.
4.3.2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY

The pycnometer was dried thoroughly and weighed as W 1
gram. 1kg of the sand was taken in the pycnometer and weighed as
W2. The pycnometer was filled with water up to the top. Then it
was shaked well and stirred thoroughly with the glass rod to
remove the entrapped air. After the air has been removed, the
pycnometer was completely filled with water up to the mark. Then
outside of the pycnometer was dried with a clean cloth and it was
weighed as W3 grams. The pycnometer was cleaned thoroughly.
The pycnometer was completely filled with water upto the top.
Then outside of the pycnometer was dried with a clean cloth and it
was weighed as W4 grams.
4.3.3 BULK DENSITY
The weight of empty Cylinder Container (W) is taken and
50
filled with fine aggregates sample for about one third height and
tamp evenly with 25 strokes of the rounded end of the tamping rod.
Add similar quantity of aggregate as second layer and tamp it
evenly with 25 strokes. Fill the Cylinder Container with a third
layer of aggregate up to over following and tamp it with 25 strokes.
Remove the surplus aggregate using the tamping rod as a straight
edge and take the weight (w1).Empty the Cylinder Container and
fill it again to over flowing by means of a shovel, the aggregate
being discharged from a height not exceeding 5 cm above the top
of the measure. Level the surface of the measure and weight it
(w2).
Bulk Density=Net weight of the aggregate(in Kg)/Capacity of
the Cylinder( in L)
4.4 TESTS ON COARSE AGGREGATE

Several tests were performed in coarse aggregate to find out its
different properties .These tests are as follows
Sieve analysis
Specific gravity
Bulk density
4.4.1 SIEVE ANALYSIS

The sample was brought to air-dried condition before
51
weighing and sieving was achieved after drying at room

temperature. The air-dry sample was weighed and sieved
successively on the appropriate sieves starting with the largest
size sieve.
4.4.2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST

The pycnometer was dried thoroughly and weighed as
W1 grams. 500g of the coarse aggregate were taken and were
weighed again with container as W2 grams. Then sufficient
water was added to cover the coarse aggregate half full and
was screwed on the top. It was shaken well and stirred
thoroughly with the glass rod to remove the entrapped air.
After the air has been removed, pycnometer was completely
filled with water up to mark. The outside of the pycnometer
was dried with a cloth and was weighed as W3 grams. The
container was cleaned thoroughly. The pycnometer was
completely filled with water up to the top. The outside of the
pycnometer was dried with a clean cloth and was weighed.
Formula:
The specific gravity of the coarse aggregate is
calculated as follows
S = (W2-W1) / [(W2-W1)-(W3-W4)]
4.4.3 BULK DENSITY
Take the weight of empty Cylinder Container (W)
and Fill it with Coarse aggregates sample for about one third
height and tamp evenly with 25 strokes of the rounded end of
52
the tamping rod. Add a similar quantity of aggregate as

second layer and tamp it evenly with 25 strokes. Fill the
Cylinder Container with a third layer of aggregate up to over
following and tamp it with 25 strokes. Remove the surplus
aggregate using the tamping rod as a straight edge and Take
the weight (w1).Empty the Cylinder Container and fill it again
to over flowing by means of a shovel, the aggregate being
discharged from a height not exceeding 5 cm above the top of
the measure. Level the surface of the measure and weight it
(w2).
Bulk Density=Net weight of the aggregate (in Kg)/Capacity
of the Cylinder (in L)
4.5 TESTS FOR SCC:

4.5.1 SLUMP FLOW TEST:
4.5.1(a)Introduction
The slump flow test aims at investigating the filling
ability of SCC.
4.5.1(b)Principle
The slump flow measures the flow spread. It indicates
the free, unrestricted deformability within a defined flow
distance.
4.5.1(c)Assessment of test:
This is simple, rapid test procedure. It can be used on site,
53
though the size of the base plate is somewhat unwieldy and

level ground is essential. It is most commonly used test, and
gives a good assessment of filling ability. It gives no
indication of the ability of the concrete to pass between
reinforcement without blocking, but may give some indication
of resistance to segregation. It can be argued that the
completely free flow, unrestrained by any boundaries, is not
representative of what happens in practice in concrete
construction, but the test can be profitably be used to assess
the consistency of supply of ready-mixed concrete to a site
from load to load.
4.5.1(d)Equipment
Base plate of size at least 900 900 mm, made of
impermeable and rigid material (steel or plywood) with
smooth and plane test surface (deviation of the flatness not
exceed 3mm), and clearly marked with circles of 200mm
and 500mm at the centre. The deviation of the flatness of
the test surface is defined as the greatest difference in
height between the highest and the lowest points on that
surface, while disregarding any small single cavities in the
surface.
Cone with the internal upper/lower diameter equal to
100/200 mm and the height of 300 mm.
Ruler (graduated in mm) for measuring the diameters of
the flow spread.
Bucket with a capacity of larger than 6 litres for sampling
fresh concrete.
Moist sponge or towel for wetting the inner surface of the
cone and the test surface of the base plate.
54
Rag for cleaning spilled concrete if any.

4.5.1(e)Test procedure
Place the cleaned base plate in a stable and level position.
Fill the bucket with 6~7 litres of representative fresh SCC
and let it stand still for about 1 minute ( 10 seconds).
During the 1 minute waiting period pre-wet the inner
surface of the cone and the test surface of the base plate
using the moist sponge or towel, and place the cone in the
centre on the 200 mm circle of the base plate.
Fill the cone with the sample from the bucket without any
external compacting action such as rodding or vibrating.
The surplus concrete above the top of the cone should be
struck off, and any concrete remaining on the base plate
should be removed.
Check and make sure that the test surface is neither too wet
nor too dry. No dry area on the base plate is allowed and
any surplus of the water should be removed the moisture
state of the plate has to be just wet.
After a short rest (no more than 30 seconds for cleaning
and checking moist state of the test surface), lift the cone
perpendicular to the base plate in a single movement, in
such a manner that the concrete is allowed to flow out
freely without obstruction from the cone.
The test is completed when the concrete flow has ceased.
Do not touch the base plate or otherwise disturb the
concrete until the measurement described below is
completed.
Measure the largest diameter of the flow spread and one
perpendicular to it, using the ruler (reading to nearest 5
55
mm). Care should be taken to prevent the ruler from

bending.
Clean the base plate and the cone after testing.
Figure 4.1 Slump Cone apparatus

4.5.2 L- BOX TEST METHOD
4.5.2(a)Introduction
The test assesses the flow of the concrete, and also the
extent to which it is subjected to blocking by reinforcement.
The apparatus consists of a rectangular section box in the
shape of an L, with a vertical and horizontal section,
separated by a moveable gate, in front of which vertical
lengths of reinforcement bars are fitted. The vertical section is
filled with concrete, and then the gate lifted to let the concrete
flow into the horizontal section. When the flow has stopped,
the height of the concrete at the end of the horizontal section
is expressed as a proportion of that remaining in the vertical
56
section (H2/H1 in the diagram). It indicates the slope of the

concrete when at rest. This is an indication passing ability, or
the degree to which the passage of concrete through the bars
is restricted. The horizontal section of the box can be marked
at 200 mm and 400 mm from the gate and the times taken to
reach these points measured. These are known as T20 andT40
times and are an indication for the filling ability.The sections
of bar can be of different diameters and spaced at different
intervals:
in
accordance
with
normal
reinforcement
considerations, 3x the maximum aggregate size might be

appropriate. The bars can principally be set at any spacing to
impose a more or less serve test of the passing ability of the
concrete.
4.5.2(b)Principle
The method aims at investigating the passing ability of
SCC. It measures the reached height of fresh SCC after
passing through the specified gaps of steel bars and flowing
within a defined flow distance. With this height, the passing
or blocking behaviour of SCC can be estimated.
4.5.2(c) Assessment of test:
This is widely is used test, suitable for laboratory, and
perhaps site use. It assesses filling and passing ability of SCC,
and serious lack of stability (segregation) can be detected
visually. Segregation may also be detected by subsequently
sawing and inspecting sections of the concrete in the
horizontal section. Unfortunately there is no agreement on
materials, dimensions, or reinforcing bar arrangement, so it is
57
difficult to compare test results. There is no evidence of what

effect the wall of the apparatus and the consequent wall
effect might have on concrete flow, but this arrangement
does, to some extent, replicate what happens to concrete on
site when it is confined within formwork. Two operators are
required if times are measured, and a degree of operator error
is inevitable.
4.5.2(d)Equipment
An L- box. Two types of gates can be used, one with
3smooth bars and one with 2 smooth bars. The gaps are 41
and 59 mm, respectively.
Suitable tool for ensuring that the box is level i.e. a spirit
level.
Suitable buckets for taking concrete sample.
4.5.2(e) Test procedure
Place the L-box in a stable and level position.
Fill the vertical part of the L-box, with the extra adapter
mounted, with 12.7 litres of representative fresh SCC.
Let the concrete rest in the vertical part for one minute (
10 seconds). During this time the concrete will display
whether it is stable or not (segregation).
Lift the sliding gate and let the concrete flow out of the
vertical part into the horizontal part of the L-box.
When the concrete has stopped moving, measure the
average distance, noted as h between the top edge of the
box and the concrete that reached the end of the box.
58
Figure 4.2 L-Box apparatus

4.5.3 V-FUNNEL TEST:
4.5.3(a)Introduction:
The test was developed in Japan and used Ozawa et al.
The described V-funnel test is used to determine the filling ability
(flow ability) of the concrete with a maximum aggregate size of
20mm.The funnel is filled with about 12 liter of concrete and the
time taken for it to flow through the apparatus measured. After
this the funnel can be refilled concrete and left for 5 minutes to
settle. If the concrete shows segregation then the flow time will
increase significantly.
4.5.3(b)Principle
The V-funnel flow time is the period a defined volume of
SCC needs to pass a narrow opening and gives an indication
59
of the filling ability of SCC provided that blocking and/or

segregation do not take place; the flow time of the V-funnel
test is to some degree related to the plastic viscosity.
Though the test is designed to measure flow ability, the
result is affected by concrete properties other than flow. The
inverted cone shape will cause any liability of the concrete to
block to be reflected in the result if, for example there is too
much coarse aggregate. High flow time can also be associated
with low deformability due to high paste viscosity, and with
high inter-particle friction.
While the apparatus is simple, the effect of the angle of the
funnel and the wall effect on the flow of concrete are not
clear.
4.5.3(d)Equipment
V-funnel is made of steel, with a flat, horizontal top and
placed on vertical supports with a momentary
releasable, watertight opening gate.
Stopwatch with the accuracy of 0.1 second for
recording the flow time.
Straight edge for levelling the concrete.
Buckets with a capacity of 1214 litres for taking
concrete sample.
Moist sponge or towel for wetting the inner surface of
the V-funnel.
60
Place the cleaned V-funnel vertically on a stable and

flat ground, with the top opening horizontally
positioned.
Wet the interior of the funnel with the moist sponge or
towel and remove the surplus of water, e.g. through the
opening. The inner side of the funnel should be just
wet.
Close the gate and place a bucket under it in order to
retain the concrete to be passed.
Fill the funnel completely with a representative sample
of SCC without applying any compaction or rodding.
Remove any surplus of concrete from the top of the
funnel using the straight edge.
Open the gate after a waiting period of (10 2)
seconds. Start the stopwatch at the same moment the
gate opens.
Look inside the funnel and stop the time at the moment
when clear space is visible through the opening of the
funnel. The stopwatch reading is recorded as the Vfunnel flow time. Do not touch or move the V-funnel
until it is empty.
Clean the V-funnel after testing.
61
Figure 4.3 V- Funnel apparatus

4.5.4 J-RING TEST
4.5.4(a)Introduction:
The principle of J Ring test may be Japanese, but no
references are known. The test is used to determine the
passing ability of the concrete.
The equipment consists of a rectangular section
(30mmx25mm) open steel ring, drilled vertically with holes to
accept threaded sections of reinforcement bar. These sections
of bar can be of different diameters and spaced at different
intervals
in
accordance
with
normal
reinforcement
consideration, 3x the maximum aggregate size might be

appropriate. The diameter of the ring of vertical bars is
300mm, and the height 100mm.
The J Ring can be used in conjunction with the slump
flow, the V-funnel. These combinations test the flowing ability
and (the contribution of J ring) the passing ability of the
concrete. The slump flow spread are measured is usual to
62
assess flow characteristics. The J ring bars can principally be

set at any spacing to impose a more or less severe test of the
passing ability of the concrete. After the test, the difference in
height between the concrete inside and that just outside the J
ring is measured. This is an indication of passing ability, or
the degree to which the passage of concrete through the bars
is restricted.
4.5.4(b)Principle
The J-ring test aims at investigating both the filling ability
and the ability of SCC. It can also be used to investigate the
resistance of SCC to segregation by comparing test results
from two different portions of sample. The J-ring flow spread
indicates the restricted deformability of SCC due to blocking
effect of reinforcement bars.
These combinations of tests are considered to have
great potential, though there is no general view on exactly
how results should be interpreted. There are number of
options- for instance it may be instructive to compare the
slump-flow/J Ring spread with the unrestricted slump flow: to
what extent is it reduced?
Like the slump flow test, these combinations have the
disadvantage of being unconfined, and therefore do not reflect
the way concrete is placed and moves in practice.
4.5.4(d)Equipment
63
Base plate of size at least 900 900 mm, made of

impermeable and rigid material (steel or plywood) with
smooth and plane test surface (deviation of the flatness not
exceed 3mm), and clearly marked with circles of 200mm
and 500mm at the centre.The deviation of the flatness of
the test surface is defined as the greatest difference in
height between the highest and the lowest points on that
surface, while disregarding any small single cavities in the
surface.
Cone with the internal upper/lower diameter equal to
100/200 mm and the height of 300 mm.
J-ring, where the positions for the measurement of height
differences are also given.
Straight rod for aligning the reference line in the
measurement, with a length of about 400 mm and at least
one flat side having the flexure less than 1 mm.
Ruler (graduated in mm) for measuring the diameters of the
flow spread.
Bucket with a capacity of larger than 6 litres for sampling
fresh concrete.
Moist sponge or towel for wetting the inner surface of the
cone and the test surface of the base plate.
Rag for cleaning spilled concrete if any.
Place the cleaned base plate in a stable and level
position.
Fill the bucket with 6~7 litres of representative fresh
SCC and let the sample stand still for about 1 minute (
10 seconds).
64
Under the 1 minute waiting period pre-wet the inner

surface of the cone and the test surface of the base plate
using the moist sponge or towel, and place the cone in
the centre on the 200 mm circle of the base plate and
position by hand.
Place the J-ring on the base plate around the cone.
Fill the cone with the sample from the bucket without
any external compacting action such as rodding or
vibrating. The surplus concrete above the top of the
cone should be struck off, and any concrete remaining
on the base plate should be removed.
Check and make sure that the test surface is neither too
wet nor too dry. No dry area on the base plate is
allowed and any surplus of the water should be
removed the moisture state of the plate shall be just
wet.
After a short rest (no more than 30 seconds for cleaning
and checking the moist state of the test surface), lift the
cone perpendicular to the base plate in a single
movement, in such a manner that the concrete is
allowed to flow out freely without obstruction from the
cone. Do not touch the base plate or otherwise disturb
the concrete until the measurement described below is
completed.
Lay the straight rod with the flat side on the top side of
the J-ring and measure the relative height differences
between the lower edge of the straight rod and the
concrete surface at the central position and at the four
positions outside the J-ring.
65
Clean the base plate and the cone after testing.
Figure 4.4 J Ring apparatus

4.6 TESTS TO BE FULFILLED TO QUALIFY AS SCC:
Though there are many test methods to confirm the
qualification to SCC, as mentioned above.But no single
method or combination of methods have obtained universal
acceptance.
One cannot declare a mix of SCC by only looking at
the slump flow. For example, a mix with slump of even
66
650mm or more may not be an SCC, as it may sometimes be

susceptible to blocking and segregation as well. For example,
in Japan, the slump flow test, V-funnel test, and the box
shaped test (or U-box test) are used for the purpose of SCC
acceptance. In Sweden slump flow and L-box test are used.
So any mix aimed to be SCC must be tested for at least
three workability tests. These can be a combination of any of
the following, in addition to slump flow test, V-funnel test, Lbox blocking ratio test etc.
Table-4.1
Suggested value of acceptance for different test methods of
SCC
Typical range of values
Sl. No.
1
2
3
4
Methods
Slump cone
J- Ring
V- Funnel
L-Box
Unit
Mm
Mm
Sec
(h2/h1)
Minimum
600
0
6
0.8
Maximum
800
10
12
1.0
67
EXPERIMENTAL
WORK ON SCC
68
CHAPTER-5
EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON SCC
5.1 GENERAL
The test results of various tests are included in this chapter.
They are
Test on Materials
Test on Fresh Properties
Test on Hardened Properties
5.2 TESTS ON CEMENT
5.2.1 FINENESS TEST
Table: 5.1
Fineness Test on Cement
SI.No.
OBSERVATION
SAMPLE 1
SAMPLE 2
1.
Weight of sample taken
100
100
10
10
10
10
2.
3.
Weight of material retained

after sieving (gm)
% of Residue left on the
sieve on 90
69
The Percentage of residue left on sieve in the cement used in

our project =10%
5.2.2 CONSISTENCY TEST

Table.5.2
Consistency Test
TRAIL
NO.
WEIGHT OF
CEMENT IN
(gm)
% OF
WATER
AMOUNT
OF WATER
IN ML
READING OF
THE POINTER
FROM
1.
300
25
100
BOTTOM
15
2.
300
26
104
22
3.
300
26.5
105
33
Consistency of the cement used in our project = 26.5%
70
5.2.3 INTIAL SETTING TIME TEST

Table.5.3
Initial Setting Time Test
SI.NO
TIME IN
READING OF THE POINTER
.
1`.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
MINUTES
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
105
120
135
150
155
FROM BOTTOM (MM)

0
0
1
1
1
1
1.5
2
3
3.5
3.5
6
Needle used: - 1mm square

Amount of water added 0.85%
81.6ml
71
5.2.4 FINAL SETTING TIME TEST

Table 5.4
Final Setting Time Test
SI.NO
TIME IN
READING OF THE POINTER FROM
.
1
MINUTES
155
BOTTOM MM
36.5
175
37
205
38.5
230
40
Needle used: - 1mm Square

Final setting time of cement = 230 min
72
5.3 TESTS ON FINE AGGREGATE

5.3.1 SIEVE ANALYSIS TEST
Table: 5.5
Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate
IS
WEIGHT
SI.N
SIEV
RETAINE
E NO.
(mm)
(gm)
CUMULATIV
E WEIGHT
RETAINED
1.
4.75
16
2.
2
56
3.
1
494
4.
0.600
130
5.
0.425
178
6.
0.300
56
7.
0.150
56
8.
0.090
4
9.
0.075
4
10.
Pan
6
Weight of sample taken =
1.6
5.6
49.4
13
17.8
56
56
4
4
6
CUMULATIV
E%
WEIGHT
%
FINE
R
RETAINED
1.6
7.2
56.6
69.6
87.4
93
98.6
99
99.4
100
98.4
92.8
43.4
30.4
12.6
7
1.4
1
0.6
0
1kg
D10
0.25
D30
0.6
D60
1.25
73
Fineness modulus =
1.152
120
100
80
60
% fineness
40
20
0
0.01
0.1
10
Sieve size
Graph 5.1 Sieve Analysis of fine aggregate
74
5.3.2 SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST
Table: 5.6
Specific Gravity Test of fine Aggregate
S.NO
1
2
3
4
DESCRIPTION
WEIGHT
Weight of container(W1)
Weight of Container+sample(W2)
Weight of Container+sample+Water
629 g
1609 g
(W3)
Weight of Container+Water(W4)
Specific Gravity,G
2123 g
1510 g
( W 2W 1 )
( W 2W 1 ) ( W 3 W 4 )
=
(1609629 )
( 1609629 )(21231510)
2.67
75
The Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate used in our project is 2.67
5.3.3BULK DENSITY OF FINE AGGREGATES

Table 5.7
Bulk density of fine aggregates
S.NO
DESCRIPTION
WEIGHT
Weight of empty container(W1)
10.624 kg
Weight of container + fine aggregate(W2)
20 kg
Net Weight of the aggregate(W2-W1)
9.376 kg
Bulk density of fine aggregates = Net Weight of the

Aggregate/Capacity of the container
= 9.376/10.624
76
=0.88
The Bulk Density of fine Aggregate used in our project=0.88
5.4 TESTS ON COARSE AGGREGATE

5.4.1 SIEVE ANALYSIS TEST
Table 5.8
Sieve Analysis of Coarse Aggregate
IS
WEIGHT
SI.NO
SIEV
RETAINE
WEIGHT
CUMULATIV
E NO
RETAINE
E WEIGHT
(mm)
(gm)
RETAINED
1.
40
100
2.
25
100
3.
20
100
4.
16
107
2.14
2.14
97.86
%
FINE
R
77
5.
12.5
1685
33.7
35.84
64.16
6.
3046
60.92
96.76
3.24
7.
4.75
120.5
2.41
99.17
0.83
8.
Pan
41.5
0.83
100
Weight of sample taken =
5kg
D10
7.5
D30
10.1
D60
10.3
Fineness modulus =
1.32
120
100
80
% FINENESS
60
40
20
0
1
10
100
PARTICLE SIZE
Graph 5.2 Sieve Analysis of coarse aggregate

78
5.4.2 Specific Gravity Test

Table 5.9
Specific Gravity Test of Coarse Aggregate

Weight(g
S.No
Description
Weight of container(W1)
1.258
Weight of Container+sample(W2)
2.296
Weight of Container+sample+Water (W3)
3.540
Weight of Container+Water(W4)
2.884
Specific gravity, G =
( W 2W 1 )
( W 2W 1 ) ( W 3 W 4 )
79
( 2. 2961. 258 )
( 2 . 2961 . 258 )( 3 . 5402 . 884 )
= 2.717
The Specific Gravity of coarse Aggregate used in our project is 2.717
5.4.3 BULK DENSITY

Table 5.10
Bulk density of coarse aggregates
S.No
Description
Weight
Weight of empty container(W1)
10.624 kg
Weight of container + course aggregate(W2)
20 kg
Net Weight of the aggregate(W2-W1)
9.376 kg
Bulk density of coarse aggregates = Net Weight of the

Aggregate/Capacity of the container
= 9.376/ 10
=0.9376
80
5.5 TEST ON STEEL FIBRE

Table 5.11
Aspect Ratio of Fibre
SI.NO.
Length(mm)
Diameter(mm)
Aspect Ratio
1.
45
.40
112.5
2.
47
.41
114.63
3.
47
.40
117.5
The Aspect Ratio of Steel Fibre Used in our project is 114.88
5.6 TESTS ON BRICKS

5.6.1 Water absorption test
Table 5.12
Water absorption of bricks
Dimension of
S. No
specimen
(mm)
1
2
190*90*90
190*90*90
AVERAGE
Wt. of oven
Wt. of water
dry
absorbed
specimen(W1)
specimen(W2)
kg
3.480
3.384
3.432
Kg
3.848
3.794
3.821
Wt. of water adsorbed = {(W2-W1)/W1)}*100

= 11.34%
81
5.5.2 Compressive strength test of Brick

Table 5.13
Compressive strength test of Brick
Trial
Size of
Compressive strength
No.
Specimen(mm)
(Kg/cm2)
1.
190*90*90
33.09
2.
190*90*90
32.67
3.
190*90*90
33.23
82
Average
32.99
Average Compressive strength is 32.99 Kg/cm2
5.7 TESTS ON FRESH CONCRETE

5.7.1 SLUMP FLOW TEST
Table: 5.14
Slump Flow Test
SI.NO.
1
2
3
SAMPLE
Normal SCC with 6ml Super
plasticizer
Normal SCC with 6.5ml Super
plasticizer
plasticizer
SLUMP FLOW
(mm)
660
675
680
83
SCC +30% brick bat
680
SCC +40% brick bat
660
SCC +50% brick bat
650
SCC+30% brick bat+20% Steel Fibre
660
SCC +40% brick bat+25% Steel Fibre
675
660
5.7.2 L-BOX TEST

Table: 5.15
L-Box Test
SI.NO
.
1
2
3
SAMPLE
plasticizer
plasticizer
plasticizer
HEIGHT
DIFFERENCE(mm)
0.9
0.95
1.0
SCC +30% brick bat
1.0
SCC +40% brick bat
0.9
84
SCC +50% brick bat

SCC+30% brick bat+20% Steel
Fibre
SCC +40% brick bat+25% Steel
Fibre
SCC +50% brick bat+30% Steel
Fibre
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
5.7.3 V-FUNNEL TEST

Table: 5.16
V-Funnel Test
SI.NO.
1
2
3
SAMPLE
plasticizer
plasticizer
plasticizer
FLOW TIME(IN
SECONDS)
7
6.5
6
SCC +30% brick bat
SCC +40% brick bat
SCC +50% brick bat
85
SCC+30% brick bat+20% Steel Fibre
5.7.4 J-RING TEST

Table: 5.17
J-ring Test
SI.NO
.
1
2
3
HEIGHT
SAMPLE
DIFFERENCE(h1-h2)
(mm)

plasticizer
plasticizer
plasticizer
8
9.5
10
SCC +30% brick bat
10
SCC +40% brick bat
10
86
6
7
8
9
SCC +50% brick bat

SCC+30% brick bat+20%
Steel Fibre
SCC +40% brick bat+25%
Steel Fibre
SCC +50% brick bat+30%
Steel Fibre
10
10
10
10
HARDENED
PROPERTIES OF SELF
COMPACTING
CONCRETE
87
CHAPTER-6
HARDENED PROPERTIES OF SELF
COMPACTING CONCRETE
6.1 GENERAL
The casting of specimens and testing of hardened concrete
are explained here in this chapter.
6.2 CASTING
Specimens are casted in themix satisfying the conditions of
SCC in the fresh state and are allowed for a curing period of 28
days.
Table 6.1
Number of specimens cast using Normal Self Compacting
Concrete
88
Specimen
NSCC with 6ml
NSCC with 6.5ml
NSCC with 7ml
SP
SP
SP
7 day -3
Cube
Cylinde
r
Beam
14 day- 3
7 day -3
9
28-day-3
7 day -3
14 day- 3
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
28-day-3
7 day -3
14 day- 3
14 day- 3
7 day -3
14 day- 3
28-day-3
14 day- 3
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
14 day- 3
14 day- 3
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
28-day-3
Table 6.2
14 day- 3
28-day-3
Specimen
Number of specimen casted with brick bat
SCC +30% brick SCC +30% brick SCC +30% brick

bat
bat
7 day -3
Cube
Cylinde
r
Beam
14 day- 3
7 day -3
9
28-day-3
7 day -3
14 day- 3
28-day-3
14 day- 3
7 day -3
9
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
28-day-3
7 day -3
14 day- 3
bat
14 day- 3
14 day- 3
28-day-3
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
14 day- 3
14 day- 3
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
14 day- 3
28-day-3
89
Table 6.3
Specimen
Number of specimens casted with steel fibre and brick bat
SCC+30% brick
SCC+30% brick
SCC+30% brick
bat+20% Steel
bat+20% Steel
bat+20% Steel
Fibre
Fibre
Fibre
7 day -3
Cube
Cylinde
r
Beam
14 day- 3
7 day -3
9
28-day-3
7 day -3
14 day- 3
28-day-3
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
28-day-3
7 day -3
14 day- 3
14 day- 3
7 day -3
14 day- 3
14 day- 3
28-day-3
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
14 day- 3
14 day- 3
28-day-3
7 day -3
9
14 day- 3
28-day-3
6.3 EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON HARDENED CONCRETE

90
After curing for a period of 28 days three cubes, three cylinders,

three beams were tested in 7 day. Similarly, same number of
specimens is tested for 14 days. The tests include
Compressive Strength Test
Flexural Strength Test
Split Tensile Strength Test
6.3.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

6.3.1(a)Description
The machine consists of pillars connecting the base and top.
A hydraulic jack is packed to the base in the centre of the pillars
one of the two loading plates is attached to the adjustable screw
with a self aligning spherical setting between the screw passes
through the top plate and can be raised or lowered for initial
clearance adjustment with the help of the handle. Loading is done
with the upward movement of the lower platter.
The horizontal pumping unit is housed in an elegant dust
proof case. It is double plunger type driven by an elegant motor
through a belt driven. This is a separator unit and it is connected to
the jack by a suitable connecting tube supplied with the machine.
The strain rate central knots provides mean for varying the rate of
loading simple by rotating it.
There is a provision for hand operation of the machine in
case of power failure. A handle that fits in to the jacket of the pump
head through the slot is used to fit this and the pump can be
separated
therefore.
91
Compressive Strength=
Load
Area
6.3.1(b)Procedure:
Clear the bearing surface of the loading plates of the
specimen.
Adjust the clearance between the loading platters to suit the
height of the test specimen.
Place the test specimen in the lower plate and centre it
carefully.
Bring down the top platters by operating the screw with the
handle to touch the specimen placed in lower platters.
Close the release valve and rest the specimen at the designed
rate, controlling from the knot till it fails.
Finally, stop the machine and record the maximum load
6.3.2 FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST
6.3.2(a)Description
The machine consists of a loading unit and a control unit.
The loading unit has one hydraulic cylinder which is attached to
the centre of the base and the platen slides within the cylinder. A
motor is mounted in the left side of the base. The chain and
sprocket driven by the motors rotate the screwed columns mounted
in the base with bearings. These screws pass through the main nuts
fitted in the lower cross head. The lower table is connected to the
upper crosshead by two straight columns. The jaws are inserted in
the lower and upper crossheads for holding the specimen.
The control units consists of one oil tank contains the
hydraulic oil and oil level sight glass for checking the oil level
92
fitted to the oil tanks. Two valves on the control panel one at the
right side and the other at the left side are used to control the flow
of oil in the hydraulic system. Dynamometer is a unit that measures
and indicates the load on the specimen.
PL
Flexural Strength= b d 2
Where,
P is failure load in N/mm2
L is the Length of the specimen
B is the breadth of the specimen
D is the diameter of the specimen
6.3.2(b)Procedure
Measure the dimension of the beam Specimen.
Hold the Specimen in between the horizontal plates.
Apply the load in two point form by placing two rollers and
a plate over it.
Open the valve in the control panel to load the specimen.
Apply load till the specimen fails.
Open the releasing valve to release the load.
6.3.1 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH
6.3.1(a)Description
The machine consists of pillars connecting the base and top.
A hydraulic jack is packed to the base in the centre of the pillars
one of the two loading plates is attached to the adjustable screw
with a self aligning spherical setting between the screw passes
through the top plate and can be raised or lowered for initial
clearance adjustment with the help of the handle. Loading is done
93
with the upward movement of the lower platter.

The horizontal pumping unit is housed in an elegant dust
proof case. It is double plunger type driven by an elegant motor
through a belt driven. This is a separator unit and it is connected to
the jack by a suitable connecting tube supplied with the machine.
The strain rate central knots provides mean for varying the
rate of loading simple by rotating it. There is a provision for hand
operation of the machine in case of power failure. A handle that fits
in to the jacket of the pump head through the slot is used to fit this
and the pump can be separated therefore.
2P
Split Tensile Strength= DL

Where,
P is failure load in N/mm2
L is the Length of the specimen
D is the diameter of the specimen
6.3.1(b)Procedure:
Clear the bearing surface of the loading plates of the
specimen.
Adjust the clearance between the loading platters to suit the
height of the test specimen.
Place the test specimen in the lower plate by placing laterally
and centre it carefully.
Bring down the top platters by operating the screw with the
handle to touch the specimen placed in lower platters.
Close the release valve and rest the specimen at the designed
rate, controlling from the knot till it fails.
Finally, stop the machine and record the maximum load.
94
6.4 TESTS ON HARDENED CONCRETE

6.4.1 COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST
6.4.1(a) Compressive strength test of SCC with 6ml
Superplasticizer
Table 6.4
Compressive strength test of SCC with 6ml Super Plasticizer
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
150X150
13.24
17.17
19.62
2.
150X150
13.83
17.93
20.49
3.
150X150
13.69
17.74
20.27
13.59
17.61
20.274
Trial
Size of
No.
Specimen(mm)
1.
Average
95
Average Compressive strength in

7 days is 13.59 N/mm2
14 days is 17.61 N/mm2
28 days is 20.128 N/mm2.
6.4.1(b) Compressive strength test of SCC with 6.5ml

Superplasticizer
Table 6.5
Compressive strength test of SCC with 6.5ml super plasticizer
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
150X150
13.98
18.12
20.71
2.
150X150
13.39
17.36
19.83
3.
150X150
13.69
17.74
20.28
13.69
17.74
20.28
Trial
Size of
No.
Specimen(mm)
1.
Average

7 days is 13.69 N/mm2,
14 days is 17.74 N/mm2 and
28 days is 20.28 N/mm2.
96
6.4.1(c)Compressive strength test of SCC with 7ml

Superplasticizer
Table 6.6
Compressive strength test of SCC with 7ml super plasticizer
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
150X150
13.98
18.12
20.71
2.
150X150
13.53
17.55
20.056
3.
150X150
13.68
17.74
20.274
13.73
17.80
20.35
Trial
Size of
No.
Specimen(mm)
1.
Average

28 days is 20.35 N/mm2.
97
6.4.1(d)Compressive strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat

Table6.7
Compressive strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat
Tria
l No.
% 0f
Size of
Brick Specimen(mm
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
bat
1.
30%
150X150
14.225
16.187
19.620
2.
30%
150X150
14.066
16.007
19.402
3.
30%
150X150
14.225
16.187
19.620
14.152
16.127
19.547
Average
Compressive strength in
7 days is 14.152 N/mm2,
14days is 16.127 N/mm2 and
28 days is 19.547 N/mm2.
98
6.4.1(e) Compressive strength test of SCC with 40% brick bat

Table 6.8
Tria
l No.
% 0f
Size of
Brick Specimen(mm
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
bat
1.
40%
150X150
12.960
14.748
17.876
2.
40%
150X150
13.592
15.467
18.748
3.
40%
150X150
13.434
15.287
18.530
13.329
15.167
18.385
Average

7 days is 13.329 N/mm2,
28 days is 18.385 N/mm2.
99
6.4.1(f) Compressive strength test of SCC with 50% brick bat

Table 6.9
Tria
l No.
% 0f
Size of
Brick Specimen(mm
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
bat
1.
50%
150X150
12.644
14.388
17.440
2.
50%
150X150
13.118
14.928
18.094
3.
50%
150X150
12.960
14.748
17.876
12.907
14.688
17.803
Average

7 days is 12.907 N/mm2,
28 days is 17.803 N/mm2.
100
6.4.1 (g) Compressive strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat
and 20% steel fibre
Table 6.10
Compressive strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat and 20%
steel fibre
% 0f
% of
Size of
7 days
14 days
28 days
Brick
steel
Specimen
strength
strength
strength
bat
fibre
(mm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
30%
20%
150X150
14.699
16.726
20.274
2.
30%
20%
150X150
14.699
16.726
20.274
3.
30%
20%
150X150
15.015
17.086
20.710
14.804
16.846
20.419
Trial
No.
Average
7 days is 14.804N/mm2,
14 days is 16.846N/mm2 and
101
28 days is 20.419N/mm2.
6.4.1 (h) Compressive strength test of SCC with 40% brick bat
and 25% steel fibre
Table 6.11
steel fibre
%
Tria
l No.
% 0f
of
Bric
steel
k bat
fibr
Size of
7 days
14 days
28 days
Specimen(mm strength strength strength

)
(N/mm2) (N/mm2) (N/mm2)
e
1.
40%
25%
150X150
14.854
16.906
20.492
2.
40%
25%
150X150
14.699
16.726
20.274
3.
40%
25%
150X150
14.225
16.187
19.620
14.594
16.606
20.129
Average
7 days is 14.594 N/mm2,
102

28 days is 20.129N/mm2.
6.4.1 (i) Compressive strength test of SCC with 50% brick bat
and 30% steel fibre
Table 6.12
steel fibre
% 0f
% of
Size of
7 days
14 days
28 days
Brick
steel
Specimen
strength
strength
strength
bat
fibre
(mm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
50%
30%
150X150
14.383
16.366
19.838
2.
50%
30%
150X150
14.699
16.726
20.274
3.
50%
30%
150X150
14.541
16.546
20.056
14.541
16.546
20.056
Trial
No.
Average
103

28 days is 20.93 N/mm2.
6.4.2 FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST

6.4.2(a) Flexural strength test of SCC with 6ml super
plasticizer
Table 6.13
Flexural strength test of SCC with 6ml super plasticizer
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
150X150
2.49
3.23
3.69
2.
150X150
2.49
3.23
3.69
3.
150X150
2.54
3.30
3.77
2.51
3.25
3.72
Trial
Size of
No.
Specimen(mm)
1.
Average
Average flexural strength in

104

14 days is3.25N/mm2 and
28 days is 3.72 N/mm2.
6.4.2(b) Flexural strength test of SCC with 6.5ml super

plasticizer
Table 6.14
Flexural strength test of SCC with 6.5ml super plasticizer
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
150X150
2.65
3.43
3.92
2.
150X150
2.57
3.33
3.81
3.
150X150
2.38
3.09
3.53
2.53
3.28
3.75
Trial
Size of
No.
Specimen(mm)
1.
Average

105
6.4.2(c) Flexural strength test of SCC with 7ml super

plasticizer
Table 6.15
Flexural strength test of SCC with 7ml super plasticizer
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
150X150
2.52
3.25
3.73
2.
150X150
2.38
3.09
3.53
3.
150X150
2.64
3.43
3.92
2.51
3.26
3.53
Trial
Size of
No.
Specimen(mm)
1.
Average

106

28 days is 3.53N/mm2.
6.4.2(d) Flexural strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat

Table 6.16
Flexural strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat
Tria
l No.
% 0f
Size of
Brick Specimen(mm
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
bat
1.
30%
150X150
2.446
2.784
3.374
2.
30%
150X150
2.332
2.654
3.217
3.
30%
150X150
2.276
2.590
3.139
2.351
2.675
3.243
Average

28 days is 3.243 N/mm2.
107
6.4.2(e)Flexural strength test of SCC with 40% brick bat

Table 6.17
Tria
l No.
% 0f
Size of
Brick Specimen(mm
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2) (N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
bat
1.
40%
150X150
2.276
2.590
3.139
2.
40%
150X150
2.219
2.525
3.060
3.
40%
150X150
2.105
2.395
2.903
2.200
2.503
3.034
Average

108
6.4.2(f) Flexural strength test of SCC with 50% brick bat

Table 6.18
Trial
No.
% 0f
Brick
bat
Size of
Specimen(mm)
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
50%
150X150
2.134
2.428
2.943
2.
50%
150X150
2.048
2.331
2.825
3.
50%
150X150
2.105
2.395
2.903
2.095
2.384
2.890
Average

28 days is 2.890 N/mm2.
109
6.4.2(g) Flexural strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat and
20% steel fibre
Table 6.19
Flexural strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat and 20%
steel fibre
% 0f
% of
Size of
7 days
14 days
28 days
Bric
steel
Specimen
strength
strength
strength
k bat
fibre
(mm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
30%
20%
150X150
2.559
2.912
3.530
2.
30%
20%
150X150
2.530
2.879
3.490
3.
30%
20%
150X150
2.559
2.912
3.530
2.550
2.902
3.517
Trial
No.
Average

110
28 days is 3.517 N/mm2.
6.4.2(h) Flexural strength test of SCC with 40% brick bat and
25% steel fibre
Table 6.20
steel fibre
% 0f
% of
Size of
7 days
14 days
28 days
Bric
steel
Specimen
strength
strength
strength
k bat
fibre
(mm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
40%
25%
150X150
2.503
2.849
3.453
2.
40%
25%
150X150
2.418
2.751
3.335
3.
40%
25%
150X150
2.332
2.654
3.217
2.418
2.751
3.335
Trial
No.
Average

111
28 days is 3.335 N/mm2.
6.4.2(i) Flexural strength test of SCC with 50% brick bat and
30% steel fibre
Table 6.21
steel fibre
% 0f
% of
Size of
7 days
14 days
28 days
Bric
steel
Specimen
strength
strength
strength
k bat
fibre
(mm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
50%
30%
150X150
2.276
2.590
3.139
2.
50%
30%
150X150
2.475
2.817
3.414
3.
50%
30%
150X150
2.332
2.654
3.217
2.361
2.686
3.256
Trial
No.
Average

112
28 days is 3.256 N/mm2.
6.4.3 SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST

6.4.3 (a) Split tensile strength test of SCC with 6ml super
plasticizer
Table 6.22
Split tensile strength test of SCC with 6ml super plasticizer
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
150X150
2.06
2.67
3.05
2.
150X150
2.01
2.61
2.98
3.
150X150
2.06
2.68
3.06
2.05
2.65
3.03
Trial
Size of
No.
Specimen(mm)
1.
Average
Average Split tensile strength in

113

14 days is2.65 N/mm2 and
6.4.3 (b) Split tensile strength test of SCC with 6.5ml super
plasticizer
Table 6.23
Split tensile strength test of SCC with 6.5ml super plasticizer
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
150X150
2.11
2.73
3.12
2.
150X150
2.06
2.67
3.05
3.
150X150
2.11
2.73
3.12
2.09
2.71
3.10
Trial
Size of
No.
Specimen(mm)
1.
Average

114
6.4.3 (c) Split tensile strength test of SCC with 7ml super
plasticizer
Table 6.24
Split tensile strength test of SCC with 7ml super plasticizer
Trial
Size of
No.
Specimen(mm)
1.
150X150
2.
150X150
3.
150X150
Average
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
2.73
3.12
2.16
2.79
3.19
2.20
2.85
3.26
2.15
2.79
3.19
2.11

115
6.4.3 (d) Split tensile strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat
Table 6.25
Split tensile strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat
Trial
No.
% 0f
Brick
bat
Size of
Specimen(mm)
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
30%
150X150
2.012
2.289
2.775
2.
30%
150X150
2.163
2.462
2.984
3.
30%
150X150
1.962
2.232
2.706
2.046
2.328
2.822
Average

116
6.4.3 (e) Split tensile strength test of SCC with 40% brick bat
Table 6.26
Trial
No.
% 0f
Brick
bat
Size of
Specimen(mm)
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
40%
150X150
1.962
2.232
2.706
2.
40%
150X150
1.811
2.061
2.498
3.
40%
150X150
1.761
2.004
2.429
1.844
2.099
2.544
Average

28 days is 2.544 N/mm2.
117
6.4.3 (f) Split tensile strength test of SCC with 50% brick bat
Table 6.27
Trial
No.
% 0f
Brick
bat
Size of
Specimen(mm)
7 days
14 days
28 days
strength
strength
strength
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
50%
150X150
1.811
2.061
2.498
2.
50%
150X150
1.710
1.946
2.359
3.
50%
150X150
1.660
1.888
2.289
1.727
1.965
2.382
Average

28 days is 2.382 N/mm2.
118
6.4.3 (g)Split tensile strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat
and 20% steel fibre
Table 6.28
Split tensile strength test of SCC with 30% brick bat and 20%
steel fibre
% 0f
% of
Size of
7 days
14 days
28 days
Bric
steel
Specimen
strength
strength
strength
k bat
fibre
(mm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
30%
20%
150X150
2.264
2.576
3.123
2.
30%
20%
150X150
2.213
2.519
3.053
3.
30%
20%
150X150
2.264
2.576
3.123
2.248
2.558
3.100
Trial
No.
Average

119
6.4.3(h) Split tensile strength test of SCC with 40% brick bat
and 25% steel fibre
Table 6.29
steel fibre
% 0f
% of
Size of
7 days
14 days
28 days
Bric
steel
Specimen
strength
strength
strength
k bat
fibre
(mm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
40%
25%
150X150
2.163
2.462
2.984
2.
40%
25%
150X150
2.213
2.519
3.053
3.
40%
25%
150X150
2.113
2.404
2.914
2.163
2.462
2.984
Trial
No.
Average

120
6.4.3(i) Split tensile strength test of SCC with 50% brick bat
and 30% steel fibre
Table 6.30
steel fibre
% 0f
% of
Size of
7 days
14 days
28 days
Bric
steel
Specimen
strength
strength
strength
k bat
fibre
(mm)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
(N/mm2)
1.
50%
30%
150X150
2.163
2.462
2.984
2.
50%
30%
150X150
2.113
2.404
2.914
3.
50%
30%
150X150
2.012
2.289
2.775
2.096
2.385
2.891
Trial
No.
Average

121
28 days is 2.891 N/mm2.
RESULTS AND
ANALYSIS
122
CHAPTER-7
RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
Graph 7.1 Variation of Slump Flow with the volume of super

plasticizer content
The graph reveals that slump value increases with increase

in the quantity of Super plasticizer content. The slump value
increases linearly with increase in super plasticizer content.
123
Graph 7.2 Variation of J-ring value with the volume of super

plasticizer content
The graph reveals that J-ring value increases with increase in

the quantity of super plasticizer content. The Slump flow increases
linearly with increase in super plasticizer content. But the increase
is very mild.
124
Graph 7.3 Variation of L-Box value with the volume of super

plasticizer content
The graph reveals that L-Box value increases with increase

in the quantity of super plasticizer content. The L-Box value
125
V - funnel value in second
NORMAL SCC
7.2
7
6.8
6.6
6.4
6.2
6
5.8
5.6
5.4
6
6.5
Super Plasticizer Content (Lit/Cubic m)
Graph 7.4 Variation of V-Funnel value with the volume

of super plasticizer content
The graph reveals that the V-funnel value decreases with

increase in the quantity of Super plasticizer content. The V-funnel
value decreases linearly with increase in super plasticizer content.
126
Graph 7.5 Variation of Slump Flow with the volume of

Super plasticizer content
The graph reveals that slump value increases with increase

in the quantity of Super plasticizer content. The slump value
127
Graph 7.6 Variation of J-ring value with the volume of

the quantity of Super plasticizer content. The Slump flow increases
linearly with increase in Super Plasticizer content. But the increase
is very mild.
128
Graph 7.7 Variation of L-Box value with the volume of Super

Plasticizer content

in the quantity of Super plasticizer content. The L-Box value
129

of Super plasticizer content (SCCBB)

increase in the quantity of Super plasticizer content. The L-Box
Table 7.1 Variation of Slump Flow, J-Ring, L-Box& V-Funnel

values with various Super Plasticizer contents
NORMAL SCC USING BRICK BATS
Super
Plasticizers
Content
Lit/ m3
8
8.5
9
Slump Flow
value
mm
J-Ring
Mm
L-Box
V-Funnel
650
670
690
9.0
9.5
10
0.9
0.95
1.0
7.0
6.5
6.0
130
MIX PROPORTION
Table 7.2 BB+SCC
S.N
o
1
2
3
% Cemen
Wate
Brick
Mix
Fly ash
w/pF.A
C.A
SP
VMA
Fly
t
r
Bats
ID
(kg/m3)
ratio (kg/m3) (kg/m3) (l/m3) (kg/m3)
3
3
ash (kg/m )
(l/m )
(kg/m3)
BB30
BB40
BB50
30
315
135
256.5
0.57
918.75
454.13
194.63
30
315
135
256.5
0.57
918.75
389.25
8.5
259.50
30
315
135
256.5
0.57
918.75
324.36
9.5
324.36
Graph 7.9 Variation of Slump Flow with the volume of

super plasticizer content
The graph reveals that slump flow increases with increase in
the quantity of super plasticizer content. The slump flow value
131
Graph 7.10 Variation of J-ring value with the volume of

the quantity of Super plasticizer content. But the increase is very
mild in nature.
132
Graph 7.11 Variation of L-Box value with the volume of super

plasticizer content
in the quantity of Super plasticizer content. The L-Box value
133

of super plasticizer content (SCCBB)
increase in the quantity of Super plasticizer content. The V-Funnel
Table 7.3 Variation of Slump Flow, J-Ring, L-Box& V-Funnel

values with various Super Plasticizer contents
SFSCC USING BRICK BATS
Super
Plasticizers
Content
Lit/ m3
8
8.5
9
Slump Flow
value
mm
J-Ring
Mm
L-Box
V-Funnel
660
675
685
9
9.5
10
0.9
0.95
1.0
6.0
7.0
7.5
134
MIX PROPORTION
TABLE 7.4 BB+SFSCC
30%
40%
50%
Material
Unit
% Fly ash
30
30
30
Cement
Kg/m3
315
315
315
Flyash
Kg/m3
135
135
135
Kg/m3
918.75
918.75
918.75
Kg/m3
454.132
389.256
324.36
8.5
9.5
VMA
Kg/m3
Brick bat
Kg/m3
194.628
259.504
324.36
W/P Ratio
Kg/m3
0.57
0.57
0.57
Fine
Aggregate
Coarse
Aggregate
Super
Plasticizer
brick bat
brick bat brick bat
135
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH COMPARISON BETWEEN

NSCC, SFSCCBB & SCCBB
25
20
15
NSCC(6ml SP)
20% SF+30% BB
10
30% BB
0
7 DAYS
14 DAYS
28 DAYS
Chart 7.13 Compressive Strength comparison between NSCC,

SFSCCBB & SCCBB (6ml SP, 20% SF and 30% BB )
25
20
15
NSCC(6.5ml SP)
25% SF+40% BB
10
40% BB
0
7 DAYS
14 DAYS
28 DAYS

SFSCCBB & SCCBB ( 6.5ml SP, 25% SF and 40% BB )
136
25
20
15
NSCC(7ml SP)
30% SF+50% BB
10
50% BB
0
7 DAYS
14 DAYS
28 DAYS

SFSCCBB & SCCBB ( 7ml SP, 30% SF and 50% BB )
FLEXURAL STRENGTH COMPARISON BETWEEN NSCC,

SFSCCBB & SCCBB
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
NSCC(6ml SP)
20% SF+30% BB
30% BB
1.5
1
0.5
0
7 DAYS
14 DAYS
28 DAYS
Chart7.16 Flexural strength comparison between NSCC,

137
4
3.5
3
2.5
NSCC(6.5ml SP)
25% SF+40% BB
40% BB
1.5
1
0.5
0
7 DAYS
14 DAYS
28 DAYS

SFSCCBB & SCCBB ( 6.5ml SP, 25% SF and 40% BB )
6
5
4
NSCC(7ml SP)
30% SF+50% BB
50% BB
2
1
0
7 DAYS
14 DAYS
28 DAYS

138
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH COMPARISON BETWEEN

NSCC, SFSCCBB & SCCBB
3.5
3
2.5
2
NSCC(6ml SP)
20% SF+30% BB
1.5
30% BB
1
0.5
0
7 DAYS
14 DAYS
28 DAYS
Chart 7.19 Split Tensile Strength Test between NSCC,

SFSCCBB and SCCBB (6ml SP, 20% SF and 30% BB)
3.5
3
2.5
2
NSCC(6.5ml SP)
25% SF+40% BB
1.5
40% BB
1
0.5
0
7 DAYS
14 DAYS
28 DAYS
139

SFSCCBB and SCCBB (6.5ml SP, 25% SF and 40% BB)
4
3.5
3
2.5
NSCC(7ml SP)
30% SF+50% BB
50% BB
1.5
1
0.5
0
7 DAYS
14 DAYS
28 DAYS

SFSCCBB and SCCBB (7ml SP, 30% SF and 50% BB)
140
SUMMARY AND
CONCLUSION
141
CHAPTER 8
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
SUMMARY:
Self Compacting Concrete is a high-performance concrete which
flows under its own weight and does not require any external
vibration for compaction. It is easier in placing and has a high
durability.
A proper mix design for the normal self compacting concrete was
determined after several trials having w/p ratio 0.57. Three trial
mixes were decided upon. Cubes, beams and cylinders were cast
using these trial mixes with three samples in each case. They were
left for curing after 24 hours and tested for compressive strength,
tensile strength and flexure after 7 days, 14 days and 28 days.
Self compacting concrete with partial replacement of coarse
aggregate using brick bat was prepared with 30%, 40% and 50%
replacement.
Also self compacting concrete reinforced with steel fibres and
coarse aggregate partially replaced with brick bat were prepared
with varying ratios with 20%, 25% and 30% steel fibre and 30%,
40% and 50% brick bat was prepared.
The fresh state tests such as slump-flow, L-box, J-ring and Vfunnel tests were conducted. The samples were then cast into
cubes, cylinders and beams and later cured after 24 hours. Then the
compressive, tensile and flexure strength tests were conducted.
142
The results of the fresh state and hardened state testing were then
studied, tabulated, plotted and compared.
CONCLUSION:
As a result of this experimental study we have arrived at the
following conclusion:
The properties of SCC are changed considerably on addition of
steel fibres and suitable proportions of SP and VMA on a trial
and error basis
There is a decrease in the compressive strength, flexural
strength and split tensile strength of SCC with partial
replacement of coarse aggregate with brick bats and steel fibre
reinforced SCC with partial replacement of coarse aggregate
with brick bats.
There is a further decrease in the compressive strength, flexural
strength and split tensile strength of steel fibre reinforced SCC
with partial replacement of coarse aggregate with brick bats.
These experimental investigations could be extended by casting
structural components of higher scale and tested for different
loading conditions.
143
REFERENCES
144
CHAPTER 9
REFERENCES
Ambroise, J., Rols, S., and Pera, J. (2001), Properties of
Self-Leveling
Concrete
Reinforced
by
SteelFibers,
IBRACON, Brazilian Concrete Institute, Brazil.

K.H.Khayat, Z.Guizani, Use of viscosity-modifying
admixture to enhance stability of fluid concrete, ACI
Mater.J.94(4)(1997) 332-341.
Naik, T. R., and Kumar R., Use of Limestone Quarry ByProducts for Developing Economical Self-Compacting
Concrete.
Noumowe, A. N., Clastres, P., Debicki, G., andCostaz, J. L.,
1996, Thermal Stress and Water Vapour Pressure of High
Performance Concrete
Report No. CBU-2003-15, UWM Center for By-Products
Utilization, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, USA,
April 2003.
H.Okamura and K.
Ozawa, Mix-Design for
Self-
Compacting Concrete, Concrete Library ofJSCE, No.25,

pp. 107-120 (1995).
Okamura. H, Ozawa. K. Ouchi. M. (2000), Self
Compacting Concrete, Structural concrete, No.1
M.S.Shetty, Concrete Technology, S.Chand & Company Ltd,

(An ISO 9001:2000 company) Ram Nagar, New Delhi-110
055.
145
PHOTOGRAPHS
CHAPTER 10
PHOTOGRAPHS
146
Fig 10.1 CASTING OF SAMPLES
Fig 10.2 CURING OF SPECIMEN
147
Fig 10.3 SAMPLES FOR TESTING
Fig 10.4 FLEXURAL STRENGTH TESTING

148
Fig 10.5 SPLIT TENSILE STERNGTH TESTING
149

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STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FIBRE

REINFORCED SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

NOORUL ISLAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

REPLACEMENT OF COARSE AGGREGATE WITH BRICK

3. SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

3.4.4 Design of paste composition

water to powder ratio and SP dosage in

4. MATERIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SCC

5. EXPERIMENT WORK ON SCC

5.4.3 Bulk Density

6.4.2 Flexural Strength Test

6.4.3 Split Tensile Test

40% brick bats

30% brick bats and 20% steel fibres

4. MATERIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF SCC

test methods of SCC

5.2 Consistency test

5.10 Bulk density of coarse aggregate

5.16 V Funnel test

6.HARDENED PROPERTIES OF SCC

6.1 Number of specimens casted with steel

6.8 Compressive Strength test of SCC with 40%

6.28 Split Tensile Strength test of SCC with 30%

CHARTS AND GRAPHS

5. EXPERIMENTAL WORK ON SCC

7. HARDENED PROPERTIES OF SCC

Super Plasticizers ( NSCC )

Super Plasticizers ( SCCBB )

Super Plasticizers ( SCCBB )

Super Plasticizers ( SCCBB )

7.10 Variation of J Ring with the volume of

7.11 Variation of L - Box with the volume of

Super Plasticizers ( SFSCCBB )

7.13 Compressive Strength comparison

7.14 Compressive Strength comparison

7.20 Split Tensile Strength comparison

SLUMP FLOW TEST APPARATUS

L BOX TEST APPARATUS

V FUNNEL TEST APPARATUS

SAMPLES FOR HARDENED TESTING

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TESTING

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TESTING

development in the construction industry. SCC is a type of

The strength and behaviour of normal SCC and SCC

substantial end increased use of self compacting concrete in

in his paper Research on the

Engineering Properties of the SCC explains about certain

Researchers concluded that the slump of SCC is lost 30

shorten the initial setting time to 4 hours and keeps the

Compacting Concrete deals with the production of economic

modifying agent without affecting strength.

replacement of fine aggregate studied the fresh and hardened

assess its structural behavior by large scale tests. The method

used as the filler material in the present job. Fly ash, a

obtained from near Panagudi were used. The bricks were

Better resistance to carbonation

3.3 PROPERTIES OF SELF COMPACTING CONCRETE

3.2.2 Passing Ability

3.4 MIX DESIGN:

The lower the maximum aggregate size, the higher the

seconds water/powder ratio should be increased.

MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF