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KBAT (INHERITANCE:)
(objective)
1. Two pure-bred plants with the genotypes BBRR and bbrr respectively are crossed. F1
offspring were allowed to self-pollinate. How many types of phenotypes are produced if
B and R are dominant?
A.
C.
D.
16
2. Diagram 14.2 shows the inheritance of type of eye colour in humans. Gene for blue
recessive.
First generation
P
Second generation
Q
Third generation
Key :
Male brown eyes
Male blue eyes
Female blue eyes
Female brown eyes
DIAGRAM 14.2
Which of the following conditions are true of P and Q?
P
A
B
C
D
heterozygous
heterozygous
Heterozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive
Q
Homozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive
heterozygous
heterozygous
eyes is
2
What are the genotypes of their parents?
Genotip bapa
Genotype of father
AA
BO
AA
AB
A.
B.
C.
D.
Genotip ibu
Genotype of mother
BB
BO
BO
OO
4. Alel bagi rambut kerinting pada manusia adalah dominan terhadap rambut lurus.
Seorang perempuan yang berambut kerinting adalah heterozigo tmanakala
suaminya rambut lurus. Apakah kebarangkalian untuk mendapat anak yang
berambut kerinting?
The allele for curly hair in human is dominant over straight hair. A woman with
curly hair is heterozygous while her husband has straight hair. What is the
probability of getting a child with curly hair?
A.
B.
C.
D.
25%
50%
75%
100%
3
(STRUCTURE)
1.
Diagram 14.6 shows the pedigree of a family for the haemophillia disease.
Haemophollia is a hereditary sex-linked disease cause by a recessive allele found on
the X chromosome.
Hassan
Anis
Akmal
Adam
Esah
Key :
(a)
Male normal
X HY
Male haemophillia
Xh Y
Female normal
XH XH
Female haemophillia
Xh Xh
(i)
DIAGRAM 14.6
What is Anis genotype?
[1 mark]
(ii)
[2 marks]
(b)
(i)
(ii)
[2 marks]
(c)
[4
marks]
(d)
(e)
[2marks]
5
(ESSAY)
XHXh
XHY
1. Generation I
Generation II
Generation III
Key:
H dominant allel for normal blood clotting
H recessive allel for hemophiliac
Carrier female
Normal male
Hemophiliac male
hemophiliac female
Normal female
Statement 1: Hemophilia is a human g the two given statements, genetic disease that is only
expressed in males but not in female.
Statement 11: Preventive methods can be taken to avoid inheritance of haemophilia in a family.
State your opinion and discuss the given statements, based on figure 1 and your biological
knowledge.
(10 marks)
Satu baka tulen pea yang tinggi dikacukkan dengan satu baka tulen pokok kacang pea yang kerdil.
A pure-bred tall pea plant was crossed with a pure-bred dwarf pea plant.
2
(a) Gunakan rajah genetic untuk menghuraikan kacukan itu berdasarkan hukum Mendel
pertama.
Use a genetic diagram to describe the cross based on Mendels first law.
(10markah/10marks)
(a) Kedudukan bunga dan bentuk biji adalah dua sifat yang dikaji oleh Mendel. Sifat-sifat ini
dikawal oleh penyusunan bebas kromosom dan mempunyai ekspresi dominan dan
resesifseperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.
The position of flowers and the shapes of seeds were two traits that Mendel studied. The
traits are controlled by the independent assortment of chromosomes and have dominant
and recessive expression as shown in Table 1
Sifat/Trait
Kedudukan bunga
Position of the flower
Bentuk biji
Shape of the seed
Dominan/Dominant
Resesif/ Recessive
Aksial (A)
Terminal (a)
Axial (A)
Terminal (a)
Bulat (R)
Berkedut (r)
Round (R)
Wrinkled (r)
JADUAL 1/ TABLE 1
Jika satu tumbuhan yang heterozigot bagi kedua-dua sifat itu didebungkan sendiri,
huraikan kacukan tersebut berdasarkan hukum Mendel kedua.
If a plant that is heterozygous for the two traits is self-pollinated, describe the cross
based on Mendels second law.
(10 markah/10 marks)
( ANSWERS) OBJECTIVE:
1. B
2. D
3. C
4. B
STRUCTURE
1.
Diagram 14.6 shows the pedigree of a family for the haemophillia disease.
Haemophollia is a hereditary sex-linked disease cause by a recessive allele found on
the X chromosome.
Hassan
Anis
Akmal
Adam
Esah
Key
Male normal
X H X H, X HY
Male haemophillia
Xh Xh, Xh Y
Female normal
XH Xh
Female haemophillia
DIAGRAM 14.6
(a)
(i)
X X
(ii)
[1 mark]
[2 marks]
(i)
[1 mark]
(ii)
[2 marks]
(c)
[4
marks]
Adam
Esah
XhY
XH Xh
Meiosis
Xh
Xh XH
Xh Xh
XH
Y XH
Xh
Y Xh
Xh
(d)
[1mark]
25%
(e)
[2marks]
ESSAY:
1.Statement 1 is not true statement.
( 1 mark)
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
The X- linkage haemophilia affects males more than females. This is because a female
has two X chromosomes. Only a homozygous recessive females will be a haemophiliac.
(1 mark)
A heterozygous female individual is normal for blood clotting but is a carrier. (1 mark)
A human male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. When the recessive
allele for haemophilia is carried in the X chromosome, it will not be marked and the male
will be a haemophiliac.
(1 mark)
Haemophilia can be prevented by carriying out a genetic test to determine the parental
genotypes. The couple can then go for genetic counseling to know the various options
available, for example, methods to prevent pregnancy and laboratory tests to select
normal gametes for fertilization.
(1 mark)
In the future, it may be possible to use genetic engineering techniques to replace the
defective gene with a normal gene for blood clotting.
(1 mark)
(1 mark)
10
The members of each pair of alleles separate during the formation of gametes.
(1 m)
Hanya satu alel dibawa dalam setiap gamet.
Only one allele is carried in each gamete.
( 1 m)
Tt
(2m)
11
(b) Hukum Mendel kedua:
Mendels second law:
Semasa pembentukan gamet, salah satu daripada sepasang alel mungkin bergabung
dengan rawak dengan salah satu daripada pasangan yang lain.
During gamete formation, either of the pair of allele may combine randomly with either of
another pair.
(1m)
Terdapat dua gen yang terlibat, tiap-tiap dengan dua alel, AaRr
There are two bens involved, each with two alleles, AaRr
(1m)
Selepas segregasi, empat pasang gamet dihasilkan: AR,Ar,aR,ar
After segregation, four pairs of gametes are produced: AR, Ar, aR,ar (1m)
Rajah genetic bagi gamet yang mungkin
Genetic diagram of possible gametes:
Induk: aksial dan bulat aksial dan bulat
Parents
axial and round
Genotip induk:
Parental genotype:
Gamet:
Gametes:
AaRr
A
R
Ar
AaRr
aR
ar
(1m)
Segiempat Punnet menunjukkan kacukan rawak antara pasangan alel.
Punnent square to show random crossing between pairs of alleles.
Gamet
Gametes
AR
Ar
aR
ar
AR
Ar
aR
Ar
AARR
AARr
AaRR
AaRr
AARr
AArr
AaRr
Aarr
AaRR
AaRr
aaRR
aaRr
AaRr
Aarr
aaRr
aarr
(3m)
Jadual yang menunjukkan fenotip yang berbeza dan nisbahnya.
Table which show the different phenotypes and their ration
Fenotip
Phenotype
Aksial dan bulat
Axial and round
Aksial dan berkedut
Axial and wrinkled
Terminal dan bulat
Terminal and round
Terminal dan berkedut
Genotip
Genotype
AARR, AaRR, AaRr, AARr,
AaRr
Aarr, Aarr
Nisbah
Ratio
9
aaRR, aaRr
aarr
12
Terminal and wrinkled
(3m)