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WORLD’S
FAMOUS
INVESTOR’S

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Warren Buffett
Considered to be one of the most successful stock market investors of all time, and one of the richest
men in the world.
W
arren Buffett's determination and creativity
has made him the success story he is today. He
is chairman of an investment company which
has more than $2 billion in holdings and is also the 2nd
richest man in the world.
Warren Edward Buffett was born in 1930 in Omaha,
Nebraska. At an early age warren displayed an aptitude for
money and business along with an amazing ability to
calculate numbers off the top of his head. He was an
enthusiastic paper boy for the Washington Post, often
covering more than one paper route at the same time.
Warren's interest in money and finance started showing
early, and by the age of 11 he was playing the stock
market.
Warren purchased three shares of Cities Service at $38 a
share for himself and his older sister. Although the stock
fell to just over $27 he held his shares until they rebounded
to $40, unfortunately selling them before they climbed to
$200. The experience taught him one of the basic lessons
of investing: patience is a virtue.
In 1947 at the age of 17 he graduated from High School
and while he never intended to go to college his father
urged him to attend the Wharton Business School. Buffett
lasted two years, claiming he knew more than his
professors. Warren moved back home and transferred to
the University of Nebraska. Even while working full-time,
he graduated in only three years with a Bachelor of Science
degree, and went on to be rejected by Harvard Business
School because he was to young. He completed a master's
in economics at Columbia University where he meet Ben
G r a h a m a l e c t u r e r a n d f a m e d i n v e s t o r.
Warren worked for his father who owed an investment
banking company for the next three years during which he
meet Susie Thompson and in 1952 they were married and
had three children together. Warren didn't have a lot of
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money at this point until he was asked by Ben Graham to
join his company as a security analyst, which he did and by
1956 his fortune rose to $140,000.
In 1956 at the age of twenty five, Warren started his own
investment company, the Buffett Partnership, using a
small amount of his own funds and collecting around
$100,000 from partners and family he managed to
increase his capitol to $300,000 by the years end. One of
the companies Warren invested in during his role as
managing partner of the Buffett Partnership was a textile
company called Berkshire Hathaway.
Berkshire Hathaway was eventually liquidated but the
name was kept and turned into an investment business. Its
main interest was with insurance, which added
considerable cash flow for future investments. He
liquidated the Buffett partnership in 1969, and spent the
remainder of the year liquidating its portfolio.
Warren became chairman of the board and chief executive
officer for Berkshire Hathaway in which he remains today.
Berkshire Hathaway now owns more than forty companies
employing more than 150,000 people.
In 1977 Warren and Susan separated but never divorced,
She was also a significant stockholder in Berkshire
Hathaway and a board member as well. Susan Buffett died
in 2004, and Warren now lives with companion Astrid
Menks whom he meet through his wife.
Warren Buffett is also a generous and charitable
philanthropist, having started the Buffett Foundation
which he donates more than $12 million a year to. On his
death he plans to disburse 99% of his wealth to good
causes through the Buffett foundation.
In 2005, Forbes magazine estimated Warren Buffett's
wealth to be $44 billion
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Global Research Limited
Peter Lynch
Famous stock market investor and successful funds manager.
P
eter Lynch is a successful Wall Street investor, and
arguably one of the best stock-pickers in the world.
He was president of the international investment
management firm Fidelity.
Peter was* *born in 1944 in the USA. He served for two
years in the United States Army and studied finance at the
Wharton School business and the University of
Pennsylvania before becoming an analyst in 1969 for the
international investment management firm Fidelity. In
1974 Peter was promoted to director of research and took
on the Fidelity Magellan fund in 1977. When peter took on
the fund it had $22million in assets.
Peter took on a grueling work load in which he worked six
or seven days a week. During this time he talked to
company managers, brokers and analysts every day. With
the help of just two research assistants, he ran a portfolio
of up to 1,400 stocks at any one time. Some of these
stocks he bought at an early stage of growth or recovery
and held for years, but most of the stocks he bought he
became displeased with and sold within months of their
purchase, admitting that over half his choices were
mistakes.
The Fidelity Magellan fund averaged an amazing 29.2%
return a year, and only underperformed the S&P 500 index
twice. Peters most impressive investing successes include
undervalued companies such as Taco Bell and Pier 1
Imports before periods of strong market growth.
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For the 13 years that Peter Lynch managed the Fidelity
Magellan Funds, it was the top-ranked general equity
mutual fund in America. 1000 dollars invested in the
Magellan fund in 1977 was worth $28,000 when he
retired from managing the Magellan fund. In 1990 he
decided to take early retirement in order to spend more
time with his family, and by that time its value had swollen
to $14billion. He is the only manager that has ever run
such a large fund, so successfully, for so long. Peter
continues as a member on the board of trustees of the
Fidelity Group of funds and also writes a column for Worth
magazine.
After Peter retired he wrote two books on stock selection,
“One Up on Wall Street” in 1989 and “Beating the Street”
in 1994. Both of which are considered essential reading for
any serious investor. Peter has found many of his big
investments when not in his office - instead found them
when out with his family, driving around or shopping at
the mall. Peter believes the individual investor is able to do
this too.
Peter is adamant that small investors can research stocks
better than most professionals, and make smarter
decisions about what to buy because they are often in
better positions to spot potentially profitable investments
early. They are also free to act independently, rather than
be constrained by committees, trustees. Peter Lynch's
favorite investment principle is "Invest in what you know"
popularizing the concept of "local knowledge."
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Global Research Limited
Jesse Livermore
Famous stock market trader and investment author
J
esse Livermore is a stock market legend, known as the
“great bear of Wall Street”. In a life spent on Wall
Street, he made and lost four fortunes.
A quick study of the Stock Market will often reveal stories
of Jesse Livermore a renowned and legendary stock trader.
He was a well known man in his time rubbing shoulders
with the elite, including famous and powerful people and
also to the average person through newspapers that
covered stories on him.
Livermore left home in 1891 at the tender age of 14 with
nothing more than 5 dollars in his pocket. Livermore soon
started as a board boy in the offices of Paine Webber and
was eventually banned from working in the 'Bucket Shops'
of New York and Boston due to him making such a large
amount of money on the stock market. In the Wall Street
crash of 1907 Livermore was asked to stop pounding the
market into oblivion. He made 3 million dollars in one day
during the panic. He made a fortune in the crash only to
lose it soon after.
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Livermore later sold the market short before the crash in
1929, and entered the depression with $100 million in
cash. Livermore's timing techniques, money management
systems, and high-momentum approach to trading was
innovative and still remains well-founded today. Being a
mysterious trader, he worked out of a secure office
penthouse on Fifth Avenue where he traded in secrecy.
Livermore had a turbulent personal life, being a
womanizer who could never remain faithful. A succession
of failed relationships lead to several divorces and
animosity with his ex wives. Livermore lived a lavish
lifestyle, but his relationship with money was the most
interesting aspect of his life. He made himself rich and then
broke again on three occasions. It's said that he was a
manic depressive or similar which would explain his often
erratic behaviour. Without ever getting help for his
problems, he took his own life in New York in 1940.
Livermore wrote the classic "How to Trade in Stocks" with
his exploits recorded in one of the greatest book on
speculation of all time.
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Global Research Limited
Benjamin Graham
Famous stock market trader and investment author.
B
enjamin Graham was an influential economist and
investor who is often called "the father of
investing.
Graham was born in London in 1894 and immigrated to
the USA with his family at 1 year of age where his father
started an importing business. His original surname was
Grossbaum but later changed to Graham. His father died
not long after moving to America and his mother lost the
families savings in an economic crisis.
Graham was a bright student and managed to get into
Columbia University. After graduating in 1914 with a
bachelor's degree, he was offered a teaching position at
the University, but declined it to work as a chalker on Wall
Street with Newburger, Henderson and Loeb. He soon
started doing research for the company which lead to him
becoming a partner with a salary of over $500,000 a year
at just 25 years of age.
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In 1926, Graham and a broker called Jerome Newman
formed an investment partnership, while he also started
lecturing at night on finance at Columbia University, which
he would continue to do until he retired in 1956.
In 1929 a stock market crash almost sent Graham broke
but the partnership survived with help from friends and
the sale of most their personal assets, while Graham's wife
returned to work as a dance teacher. In 1934, Graham and
another Columbian academic called David Dodd
published the book "Security Analysis” which has
continued to sell even today. In 1949, Graham also wrote
the book “The Intelligent Investor”, often considered the
Bible of investing. That book too has never been out of
print.
The investment partnership between Graham and
Newman continued up to 1956 and never again lost
money for its investors, returning about 17 per cent.
Graham also retired from writing and lecturing at
Columbia in 1956. Benjamin Graham died in 1976, with
the reputation of being the “Father of investing”.
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Global Research Limited
George Soros
Successful funds manager, currency trader and billionaire philanthropist.
G
eorge Soros was born in Hungary in 1930. At a
young age Soros started trading currencies on the
Hungarian black market during World War 2.
Avoiding the fate of many Jewish people as the grandson
of a Hungarian official he survived the Nazi occupation and
left Hungary in 1947 to live in England.
While living in England Soros attended and graduated
from the London School of Economics. While studying
Soros became interested in the work of a teacher and
philosopher Karl Popper, Which influenced his thinking
and later his professional and philanthropic work.
In 1956 he moved to the United States, where he worked
mainly as a financial analyst. Soros admits his intentions
were mainly to earn money on Wall Street to finance his
interests in writing and philosophy. In 1969 Soros founded
his first offshore hedge fund, which grew immensely partly
through speculation. In the 1990's financial analyst's
stated that this speculation had helped weaken Asian and
Latin American economies.
In 1970 Soros Co-founded the Quantum Fund with Jim
Rogers and it achieved more than a 4000% return within
the next ten years, which created most of Soros vast
fortune. His net worth reached an estimated $11 billion.
In 1979 Soros began his philanthropic activities by
providing funding for black students to attend the
University of Cape Town in South Africa. To date he is
chairman of the Open Society Institute and has founded
many charity organizations that are active in more than 50
countries including Central and Eastern Europe, the
former Soviet Union, Africa, Latin America, Asia, and the
United States. In recent years the Soros foundations
network have spent more than $400 million annually to
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support projects in these areas. In 1992, Soros founded
Central European University, with its primary campus in
Budapest, Hungary.
In 1988, Soros was asked to join a takeover of a French
bank but he declined the offer, instead buying the bank's
stock. In 2002, a French court ruled that Soros committed
insider trading and was fined more than $2 million, the
amount he made from the trades.
In 1992, Soros became famous when he sold short 10
billion pounds, profiting from the Bank of England's
unwillingness to raise interest rates or float its currency.
The Bank was forced to withdraw the currency from the
European exchange rate mechanism and to devaluate the
Pound. Soros earned an estimated US$1.1 billion profit for
his efforts and later being known as "the man who broke
the Bank of England.”
In 1997 in similar conditions as the Asian financial crisis,
Soros was accused of bringing down the Malaysian
currency, the ringgit. Soros has been a keen author writing
8 books including The Bubble of America Supremacy:
Correcting the Misuse of American Power, George Soros
on Globalization, The Alchemy of Finance, Opening the
Soviet System, Underwriting Democracy, Soros on: Staying
Ahead of the Curve, The Crisis of Global Capitalism: Open
Society Endangered and Open Society: Reforming Global.
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Global Research Limited
Jim Rogers
J
im Rogers was born in Baltimore, Maryland and raised
in Demopolis, Alabama. He started in business at the
age of five by selling peanuts and by picking up empty
bottles that fans left behind at baseball games. He got his
first job on Wall Street, at Dominick & Dominick, after
graduating with a bachelor's degree from Yale University
in 1964. Rogers then acquired a second BA degree from
Balliol College, Oxford University in 1966.\
In 1970, Rogers joined Arnhold & S. Bleichroeder. That
same year, Rogers co-founded the Quantum Fund. During
the following 10 years the portfolio gained 4200% while
the S&P advanced about 47%. It was one of the first truly
international funds.
In 1980, Rogers decided to "retire", and spent some of his
time traveling on a motorcycle around the world. Since
then he has been a guest professor of finance at the
Columbia University Graduate School of Business.
In 1989 and 1990, Rogers was the moderator of WCBS'
The Dreyfus Roundtable and FNN's The Profit Motive with
Jim Rogers. From 1990 to 1992, he traveled through China
again, as well as around the world, on motorcycle, over
100,000 miles (160,000 km) across six continents, which
was picked up in the Guinness Book of World Records. He
tells of his adventures and worldwide investments in
Investment Biker.
In 1998, Rogers founded the Rogers International
Commodity Index. In 2007, the index and its 3 sub-indices
were linked to exchange-traded notes under the banner
ELEMENTS. The notes track the total return of the indices
as an accessible way to invest in the index. Rogers is an
outspoken advocate of agriculture investments and, in
addition to the Rogers Commodity Index, is involved with
two direct, farmland investment funds - Agrifirma (based
in Brazil) and Agcapita Farmland Investment Partnership
(based in Canada).
Between January 1, 1999 and January 5, 2002, Rogers did
another Guinness World Record journey through 116
countries, covering 245,000 kilometers with his wife,
Paige Parker, in a custom-made Mercedes. The trip began
in Iceland, which was about to celebrate the 1000th
anniversary of Leif Eriksson's first trip to America. On
January 5, 2002, they were back in New York City and their
home on Riverside Drive. His route around the world can
be viewed on his website, jimrogers.com. He wrote
White Paper - World’s Famous Investors
Adventure Capitalist following this around-the-world
adventure. It is currently his best selling book.
On his return in 2002, Rogers became a regular guest on
Fox News' Cavuto on Business which airs every Saturday. In
2005, Rogers wrote Hot Commodities: How Anyone Can
Invest Profitably in the World's Best Market. In this book,
Rogers quotes a Financial Analysts Journal academic paper
co-authored by Yale School of Management professor,
Geert Rouwenhorst, entitled Facts and Fantasies about
Commodity Futures. Rogers contends this paper shows
that commodities investment is one of the best
investments over time, which is a concept somewhat at
odds with conventional investment thinking.
In December 2007, Rogers sold his mansion in New York
City for about 16 million USD and moved to Singapore.
Rogers claimed that he moved because now is a ground-
breaking time for investment potential in Asian markets.
Rogers' first daughter is now being tutored in Mandarin to
prepare her for the future. He is quoted as saying: "If you
were smart in 1807 you moved to London, if you were
smart in 1907 you moved to New York City, and if you are
smart in 2007 you move to Asia.”
In a CNBC interview with Maria Bartiromo broadcast on
May 5, 2008, Rogers said that people in China are
extremely motivated and driven, and he wants to be in that
type of environment, so his daughters are motivated and
driven. He also stated that this is how America and Europe
used to be. He chose not to move to Chinese cities like
Hong Kong or Shanghai due to the high levels of pollution
causing potential health problems for his family; hence he
chose Singapore. He has also advocated investing in
certain smaller Asian frontier markets such as Sri Lanka
and Cambodia, and currently serves as an Advisor to
Leopard Capital's Leopard Sri Lanka Fund. However, he is
not fully bullish on all Asian nations, as he remains
skeptical of India's future - "India as we know it will not
survive another 30 or 40 years".
Rogers has two daughters with Paige Parker; Happy was
born in 2003, and their second daughter Baby Bee in
2008. His latest book, A Gift To My Children, contains
lessons in life for his daughters as well as investment
advice and was published in 2009.
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Global Research Limited
Rakesh Jhunhunwala
R
akesh Jhunhunwala, Son of an income tax officer,
he started dabbling in stocks while in Sydenham
college and plunged into investing as a full time
profession soon after completing his education. He started
his career with $100 in 1985 when the BSE Sensex was at
150. He made his first big profit of Rs 0.5 million in 1986
when he sold 5,000 shares of Tata Tea at a price of Rs 143
which he had purchased for Rs 43 a share just 3 months
prior. Between 1986 and 1989 he earned Rs 20-25 lakhs.
His first major successful bet was iron ore mining company
Sesa Goa. He bought 4 lakh shares of Sesa Goa in forward
trading, worth Rs 1 crore and sold about 2-2.5 lakh shares
at Rs 60-65 and another 1 lakh at Rs 150-175. The prices
then went up to Rs 2200 and he sold some shares. But he
credits Madhu Dandavate's Union budget of 1990 as the
inflection point for his investing career which quintupled
his net worth. His privately owned stock trading firm Rare
Enterprises, derives its name from the first two initials of
his name and wife Rekha's name. Under the guidance of
Mr Radhakrishna Damani, he made a lot of money
shorting stocks at the time of Harshad Mehta scam post
1992.
"My decision to aggressively invest in the asset class of
Indian equities at the right time was a very important
determinant of my success," said Rakesh Jhunjhunwala.
Jhunjhunwala's portfolio of stocks is tracked religiously.
His latest stock portfolio is the subject of many debates
and analysis. Like Warren Buffett, Jhunjhunwala is a long
term investor, however he acknowledges that it was
'trading' income which helped him built his initial capital
base and continues to remain an active trader as he
believes it keeps one alert and always on your feet.
Mr. Jhunjhunwala is the Chairman of Aptech Limited and
Hungama Digital Media Entertainment Pvt. Ltd and also
sits on the Board of Directors of various Indian listed/
unlisted companies like Prime Focus Limited, Geojit
Financial Services Limited, Bilcare Limited, Praj Industries
Limited, Provogue India Limited, Concord Biotech Limited,
Innovasynth Technologies (I) Limited, Mid Day Multimedia
Limited, Nagarjuna Construction Company Limited,
Viceroy Hotels Limited & Tops Security Limited. [edit]
Investment Philosophy
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Although he claims to put only a minuscule of his
networth on the table for trading activity, he has often
leveraged his own capital and managed to make a fortune
from his calls, more often than not. His stock picking
strategy is influenced by the lessons from Mr George
Soros's trading strategies and Dr Marc Faber's analysis of
economic history. He endorses the thumb rule of 'trend is
my best friend'.
He is the poster boy of the Indian bull run but admits to
have been a bear in the Harshad Mehta days and believes
that a person in the market should be like a chameleon. He
calls the markets as temples of capitalism and believes that
they are the ultimate arbitrators.
Much like Mr Warren Buffet, he buys into the business
model of a company and for judging the longevity and
growth potential, he gives top priority to 'competitive
ability', 'scalability' and 'management quality' of the
enterprise. The 'entrepreneur', according to Mr
Jhunjhunwala is what makes an invaluable difference to
his expected investment returns. According to Mr
Jhunjhunwala, believing in the vision and the beliefs of the
entrepreneur and validating the risks that may not be
perceived by the entrepreneur are the key success factors
for an investor.
Mr Jhunjhunwala has managed to identify numerous
multi-baggers in the past decade, notable being Karur
Vysya Bank, Praj Industries, Crisil, Titan, Nagarjuna, HOEL
and PSUs like BEML and Bharat Electronics, among others.
The typical traits to look for while identifying potential
multi-baggers, according to Mr Jhunjhunwala are - low
institutional holding, under-researched and general
pessimism about the stock.
A good time to sell a stock, according to Mr Jhunjhunwala,
is not based on any 'price' targets, but when the 'earnings'
expectations have peaked or the business model has
peaked or the valuations appear ridiculously
unreasonable.
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