ABSTRACT

Online Newspaper Store is an internet feature that gives people the opportunity to go online and get their
news materials anywhere anytime. The traditional method of news storage and access is associated with,
time consuming in searching and sorting for news materials, archive are not accesed easily for
researchers and referencing, it is more expensive and information is not readily available. This project
work presents an online news services which is accessed through a home page. The news service
includes current and past news articles from the newspaper. Individuals can register to become members
of the newspaper community, there is a module where the editor can login and update news. The news is
categorized according to Business news, Sport news, city news and Miscellaneous. Also incorporated
into the system is a search facility that enable users to search for news by article title, subject heading
and by date. There is a module where people can play and listen to the news read to them . The online
newspaper store developed in this project is cost effective and saves space, there is a round the clock
availability of news, easy access and retrieval of information, preservation and conservation of news
materials. This system is developed using structured design methodology and implemented with PHP for
the front end and MySql for the back end.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
News is the communication of selected information on current event. It is shared in various ways such as
broadcasting, word of mouth, newsletters in print or online. Before the printing press was invented, news
information was announced by the town crier who goes out yelling "oyez!" and a clanging bell let
villagers know to gather to hear important news. Official criers had loud voices and spoke clearly to read
pronouncements

announcing

laws,

regulations

and

official

news

from

authorities.

Royal

pronouncements typically used a written document posted on the drawbridge, castle door or main bridge
into the village, but residents needed the crier to announce the information for those who were unable to
read. Human messengers traveled on foot or horseback to transmit important information contained on
handwritten notes, and groups of people could also send messages to others nearby using signals created
with smoke, fire, drums and whistles. Such signals increased the odds of misinterpretation, and the use
of written communications helped better clarify the message. Delivery of written messages was another
means used to pass news across, this took time and in some cases it becomes impossible during severe
weather according to (Frank, 2008). Moving messages through unstable regions meant the messenger
risked death during times of conflict and unrest. Some cultures overcame these obstacles by using
trained carrier pigeons to deliver messages over long distances. Histories report that ancient Chinese and
Egyptians routinely used such trained birds to communicate. With the arrival of writing and literacy
news reports gained added reliability, after Johann Gutenberg invented the letter press, employing
movable type, in the 1450s the printing press was used to disseminate news and it revolutionized the
movement of information and expanded the number of people receiving news by (Grayson, 2010).

Despite the fact that the newspaper is the oldest mass medium, it never became old-fashioned during the
course of its nearly 400-year history. Instead, the newspaper has shown itself to be extremely flexible
and adaptable down through the centuries. This is evidenced by a comparison of todays front pages with
the first weekly newspapers of the early 17th century the book-like, linear medium has developed to
become a complex, non-linear entity. Continuous text has become modular information units that can
consist of text, image, graphic and optical elements. It is by virtue of this change that the newspaper has
successfully defended its position against the competition from the newcomer media of radio and TV.
The new information and communication technologies are an opportunity from the point of view of the
traditional established media. As a form of computer-aided communication, the World Wide Web
(WWW) is equally ambivalent for the print media. Its technical potential greatly surpasses that of the
printed newspapers in a number of ways. WWW has the advantages of being interactive, multimedia, of
providing internal and external networks and offering selection functions, the possibility of regular
updates, access to archives, rapid access to a large number of newspapers, and being paperless, thus
creating no problems of waste disposal. WWW gives publishing houses the opportunity to offer up-todate information, advertisements and additional services via a further communication channel. In 1995
Nicholas Negroponte stated that the online newspaper of the future wont be much like the ones in
existence today. Negroponte was right. With online news becoming increasingly popular, web
publishing holding the promise to direct journalism into its hallowed role as public servant (Scott, 2005).
Internet news is assumed to have the potential to transform the news industry. Early Web newspapers
were typically textbased relying on content from the core product rather than utilizing a broader range
of features, such as audio and video material or hyperlinks. Martin argued in 1998 that inside the
industry there seemed to be very little question about the repurposing of news to Internet services.
However the Internet kept changing, its popularity grew tremendously, and with it, the demands on

publishing organizations kept increasing from producing a replicated genre to offering a variant genre.
And the news industry seems to be moving toward a more comprehensive and interactive technology,
and the move is happening fast claimed (Tom Weir, 2002).
Pavlik described the evolution of online content in three stages. The first stage involves repurposing
print content for the online edition. In stage two, content is augmented with interactive features, such as
hyperlinks and search engines. Stage three is characterized by the creation of original news content
designed specifically for the new medium. This type of content involves both new forms of storytelling
and increased levels of interactivity (Pavlik, 1997).
Bucy analyses the transformation of online news in chronological order. He argued that the first
generation of Web news in the early to mid1990s was uninspired, producing simple hypertext pages
that redistributed print material. The second generation of Web news from the mid-1990s to the decades
end moved online journalism to a more independent footing, engaging in original news gathering and
production, continuous updates became more common, streaming audio and video appeared, online
news became more visual and indepth and interactive chats and online discussions emerged creating
news communities. In 2000 the third generation of Web news appeared, characterized by enhanced
features that use technology to bring people closer to news (Bucy, 2004). Newspaper sites have evolved
from a noninteractive, passive model of information delivery into an environment of increased
immediacy, content richness and user control.
An online newspaper is a digital version of a printed newspaper. Newspapers can be digitally published
online or as a digital copy on a digital device, such as a mobile phone or an E Ink reader. Many
organizations that publish a printed newspaper have also an online newspaper. Newspapers can decide to
publish the same information as in the printed version online, or choose to provide different articles

compared to the printed newspaper. Information can be provided for free or as a paid subscription. Some
printed newspapers have decided to have their publication only published online. Although newspapers,
with their online editions, have not found any chemical or physical form but rather an electronic form of
publication. Each platform of the digital channels of computers, smartphones and tablets has different
usage characteristics and values for readers however, they all share important daily newspaper brand
benefits, including having advertising information that consumers benefits from and it drastically
expands the range of typical newspaper usage. Local newspaper readers navigate a very crowded media
environment for news and for other informational, leisure and social benefits. Most readers frequently
multitask using several media many combine news consumption with other activities. Even so, this
research found that digital platform has increased the consumption of news by helping the users make a
point of checking news soon after waking up in the morning. This is higher for those using multiple
newspaper across various electronic platforms it can be hard to avoid the news because digital device
usage typically drops off even on weekends. What drives frequent news checking, besides following a
big existing news story? Having the ability to do so is due to the presence of digitization.
Numerous attempts at automating newspapers and having automated newspaper archive have been made
over the past years. In most efforts the cost of digitization and file storage, and the lack of good optical
character recognition (OCR) technology, outweighed the achievements according to (Eveland, 2004).
More recent efforts have required a specialized newspaper-specific software package that does not
integrate into the larger digital collections offerings. In general other approaches available today are
costly, lack accuracy in the OCR results, or are stand-alone newspaper solutions. The goals of this
project is to develop a scalable and sustainable newspaper digitization method utilizing existing digital
collections presentation and management technologies, and to post a significant portion of digital
newspapers on a website. Issues of cost, server space, and file format will be addressed.

1.2

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The manual method of newspaper storage and management has a number of problems, some of these
problems include:
I.

As a paper-based system it can only be organized in a single way, cannot be easily searched,
cannot be easily modified, cannot be accessed remotely and cannot be conveniently cross-

II.
III.
IV.
1.3

referenced.
The existing system does not provide a platform where users can subscribe for short message
service notification to receive immediate alert of breaking and latest news.
The existing system does not provide support for people with reading problem.
It lacks text to speech translation.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The aim of this project work is to develop an online news store with a centralized archive to keep record
of past, present and storage for future news contents. The objectives include:
a. To provide a platform for permanent storage of news materials.
b. The system will help the users with reading problems access the text content. Moreover, since no
downloads are required, users will just click & listen to the content which will provide better
understanding of the content with the provision of text to speech innovation.
c. To develop a system that will provide text to speech which will allow the users to play and listen
to the news content in the audio voice.
d. To develop a system that will enable users to subscribe for SMS notifications based on news
update.
e. To develop a system that will provide multi-task, For instance, the user can be listening to the
content and also engage in other activities in parallel.
f. To provide a platform where users can upload news in their area for the administrator to edit
before publishing it.
g. Desktop application will be integrated into the proposed system to enable the users read the news
contents without visiting the online newspaper store.

h. To provide a platform which enables users search the news contents by news title, categories of
newspaper media and date.
1.4

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is to improve on the consumption of newspaper through online medium.
Before the innovation of technology, print medium has taken over the news industry, and various
important news documents today are still left in print and have no easy medium to trace them back as a
paper based document. The significance of this study is to create an online newspaper store to produce
an easy retrieval of back number news because archive is the most important feature to help people get
news of past anytime by searching in archive section. People can get news of any region just by putting
an appropriate keyword in the search engine. Text to speech in this software has the ability to convert the
text in the computer to a voice that reads news content to the user, the people who will benefit from this
software are those who have problems with their vision, those who are visually impaired and cannot see
clearly, avid readers to prevent straining of eyes, house wives who are usually busy cannot be exempted
from having access to the news online. Other significance of this study includes Provision of
Information on field like political, sports, health, entertainment etc to the public. News Per Interest, this
will aid people read news as per their interest. Some might have interest in politics while others can have
interest in sports or entertainment. Users can have ample of options to choose from. Minute to Minute
coverage of any breaking news through the means of short message service, making it impossible for
people to wait for next morning for news or sit all time in front of television to watch breaking news
Instant and latest news can be accessed through online news only a single click away and people can get
a minute update across the globe only by a single click., with this software people can get news on their
devices anywhere they go.

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

This project work is narrowed down to the design of an online news store for a newspaper agency. It is
designed to incorporate a database that will store both past, present and future news contents and it will
also incorporate text to speech which will enable the users to play the audio voice of the news contents.

CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
Today, online journalists produce online news in multiple ways. Thanks to digitization, one can make use of
multimedia features (e.g. video, audio, and pictures), interactivity (e.g. users reactions and polls) and
hyperlinks to cover news. Since ever more news consumers mainly rely on online news to get informed

(Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2010), Over time, more and more scholars started to study individual
motivations and attitudes towards media as important mediators during the process of information
processing (David, 2009). Motives and attitudes concerning media would not only influence exposure and
attention, but also the way the information is processed. (Eveland, 2001) elaborates on this relationship
between motivations, attention and information processing activities in his cognitive mediation model. This
model states that motivations for media use stimulate attention to and elaboration of information, resulting in
better learning. According to the Elaboration Likelihood Model (Petty & Cacioppo, 2009), peoples
involvement determines how likely one is to invest in the elaboration of relevant information. With regard to
online news, Eveland and Dunwoody (2002) argued that the presence of online key features enriches the
search for information online. The level of multimedia, interactivity, and hypertext defines the way in which
news consumers can control and scan through the content, choose the format in which information should be
presented (Deuze, 2004), use hyperlinks (Eveland & Dunwoody, 2007), and discuss news online (Shah,
2005). Although it is demonstrated that online news users do not always take great advantage of these
features (Chung, 2008), they tend to consider the Internet with its specific features as serving more
opportunities for gratification than other (traditional) media platforms (Dimmick, 2004). Consequently, it is
assumed that when people face multimodal, interactive, and hyper textual news content online, they will
perceive their news consumption process as more gratifying than when faced with online news messages
lacking these features. The former will result in more positive attitudes and greater motivation that in turn
can stimulate learning from news. With online news it is possible to combine and to vary different
modalities, even more so than with traditional media. In addition to text and images, online news articles
may also include video footage, sound, slides shows, and informational graphics. Sundar and Limperos
(2010) argue that this presence of multiple modalities may have a positive impact on perceptions of and
attitudes concerning the online platform in that, for example, websites that provide live video feeds in

addition to text are being perceived as more real than text-based sites as pictures and videos can create the
experience of being present in distant locations and make a real-life experience possible during online
consumption.
Online news and its interactivity is a complex concept that stands for control over content, personalization of
content, responsiveness, feedback, openness, user-generated content, and so forth. In general, interactivity
can be studied as the main characteristic of online environments with the potential to make the news reader
part of the news experience (Deuze, 2007). Due to interactive features of digital technologies, the media
experience transforms from a passive into an active and engaging behaviour, media users can engage with
content in a personal way (Sundar, 2008).
The possibility to communicate online with others about a given news item on discussion forums, through
email and users reactions also impacts learning from online news. These interactive features are found to
have a positive influence on the amount of time spent on the site and users ability to recall news (Gastil,
2005). Eveland (2004) contends that having a discussion about a news item may motivate users to invest in
information processing. (Scheufele, 2010) also show that a political discussion may have a positive impact
on knowledge, assuming that the use of interactive features stimulating online talks about the news, may also
foster information processing and knowledge acquisition.
Hyperlinks, more specifically navigational hyperlinks, are often considered as a form of interactivity
(Tremayne, 2008), insight into the influence of interactive features that enhance control over content also
apply for hypertext. Moreover, Eveland and Dunwoody (2001) argue that the linkage of various chunks of
text to one another by means of hyperlinks is in fact a copy of the way human memory functions. Both the
hyperlink structure and the human memory are characterized by the linkage of several nodes. In human
memory these nodes consist of previously acquired bits of information which are interconnected. In online
news these nodes are different news messages or chunks of text connected to one another by hyperlinks,

which in fact help the human memory by telling it which bits of information belong together. The impact of
multimedia, interactivity and hypertext structural features of online news all have the potential to increase
knowledge by stimulating information processing and making news consumption more gratifying.

2.1

OVERVIEW OF DIGITAL NEWSPAPER

Braddy stated that it is the broad appeal of newspapers that garnered so much support in both the
academic and public library communities, and drives this project and others. Newspapers are one of the
most difficult and inefficient research materials, indeed it may be said that newspapers are often not
consulted by researchers simply because they are so difficult to use (Braddy, 2013). Regional, historical
newspapers are rarely indexed and therefore cannot be searched. They most often can be found only in
microform in centralized locations. Their use is therefore limited to one user at a time in one place and to
non-electronic browsing.
Numerous attempts at digitizing newspapers have been made over the past ten years. In most efforts the
cost of digitization and file storage, and the lack of good optical character recognition (OCR)
technology, outweighed the achievements. More recent efforts have required a specialized newspaper
specific software package that does not integrate into the larger digital collections offerings. In general
other approaches available today are costly, lack accuracy in the OCR results, or are stand-alone
newspaper solutions.
2.2 PRINTED NEWSPAPER TO THE DIGITAL EDITION
Despite the fact that the newspaper is the oldest mass medium, it never became old-fashioned during the
course of its nearly 400-year history. Instead, the newspaper has shown itself to be extremely flexible
and adaptable down through the centuries. This is evidenced by a comparison of todays front pages with
the first weekly newspapers of the early 17th century the book-like, linear medium has developed to

become a complex, non-linear entity. Continuous text has become modular information units that can
consist of text, image, graphic and optical elements. It is by virtue of this change that the daily
newspaper has successfully defended its position against the competition from the newcomer media of
radio and TV. But the fundamental change in appearance of the daily newspaper is not just a superficial,
pro forma change. It marks a far-reaching change in the relationship between the medium and its
readers, though also a basic change in how the medium sees its role and that of those responsible for its
production, i.e. journalists. For example, the newspaper-makers in the 17 th century were news
gatherers who compiled information for the readers more or less in the chronological order of the
reported current events as if for a book. Accordingly, in view of their professional profile, the title of
journalist was hardly appropriate. Today, journalists are professional news processors who select
information in an aimed way, organize it, and see to it that this organization is reflected in the
corresponding design and layout. According to the two newspaper historians (Kevin, 2005), daily
newspapers have transformed themselves from a confusing news jungle to maps through world events.
Whereas up to the late 19th century daily newspapers left it to their readers to make their own order out
of the random organization of the articles, todays daily newspapers map-out the news situation for their
readers by way of division into sections, layout and text design (Bucher, 1998). During the course of the
history of the newspaper, the so-called interface has become more and more the most important means
of steering attention. Todays readers must therefore comprehend two languages in order to understand
the newspaper, the design language, by which they understand the newspaper layout and structure, and
the content language for the opinions and information contained in the articles.
2.3

THE NEWSPAPER IN THE EYES OF THE USERS

With E-Paper, a mix is created in which online and offline elements of the printed newspaper and of the
online newspaper are combined. The page layout and page numbering are adopted from the print

version, whereas navigation, visualization, searching and interactivity are taken from the online and
hypertext area. For this reason, it is hoped that the E-Paper version of the daily newspaper will bring
together all the advantages of its two preceding forms the historically evolved structures and order of the
printed newspaper with its multiple layout and hierarchical options, and the interactive facilities of the
online newspaper, therefore the links, search aids or communication possibilities (Sampe, 2010). As
research aimed at establishing new technologies has shown, acceptance on the part of the users is a
decisive factor. The benefits for the user, the reliability and user-friendliness of the new technology and
its observable use by others are the main reasons for its penetration and spreading. For this reason, the
study presented deliberately takes the perspectives of the reader and the user in order to be able to judge
how the three media disciplines, newspaper, online newspaper and E-Paper, are used and judged in each
case. In order to explain the media utilization, a basic distinction can be made between four different
factors:
> The media offering with its contents and design forms,
> The users with their various competencies and knowledge prerequisites,
> The specific interests and aims of utilizations,
> The structural properties specific to the type of media concerned.

The study on E-Paper sets out to show not only how the three media types of newspaper, online and EPaper are used, but also what influence the aforementioned factors have on the utilization process. To
hypothesize, it is possible to refer to the aforementioned studies on newspaper utilization. The findings
of these studies evidence that the use of the daily newspaper depends largely on its offering, with the
way in which the content is presented playing a major role. Thus the Eyes on the News study showed

that how a newspaper page is seen and read depends decisively on the optical design elements, such as
illustrations, typography and positioning.

2.4

E-readers

An e-reader is a device with a screen that is optimized for reading text. Most e-readers use E-paper
technology for display. It is argued that issuing a newspaper using E-paper has many cost advantages.
The market for these devices is heavily in development. Although Apple Inc. has succeeded to market a
product with only one function the iPod for playing music. The question is whether consumers will be
prepared to buy a device with which only text can be read (Jane, 2010).
2.5

ONLINE NEWSPAPERS VS. PRINT NEWSPAPERS

Bruno (2012), in an early morning of a Hama tan day with cold wind and snow breeze blowing out,
hardly any people are waiting to get there newspapers at a corner near the newspaper stand. Hardly to
find young people in that crowded but aged people are likely to prefer the traditional newspapers than
the new type which is online. In contrast, most of young people who tend to spend most of their lifetime
on the internet would rather choose online newspapers to update news. It is a recent debate whether the
effectiveness of online newspapers are against old time print newspaper. Menshaw (2013), in this paper,
I am going to look at how online newspapers influence people and the differences in comparison with
print. Additionally, finding out the answer for the question about the long term survival of print
newspapers is also a point in this research paper. First of all, online newspapers have certain advantages
to reach to the public over traditional newspapers. Since the first websites were set up and put online in
the early 20th century, the new type of newspaper has created more opportunities to not only the readers
but also newspaper industry. The first advantage of online newspapers is its convenience to access. Not
many print newspapers are free to the readers but mostly online newspapers are. Therefore, numerous

people can come close to newspapers to update information. It is also convenient as the Internet has
become a part of modern life. Young people who spend most of their time on the Internet to study or to
work are likely to update news through the Internet than buying newspapers. A survey of The New York
Time online media kit in 2007 showed that the number of online audience is more than twelve fold to
print audience (13,372,000 online unique users in compare with 1,120,420 weekday print circulation
(Nelson, 2000).
2.6
BUILDING A DIGITAL NEWSPAPER ARCHIVE: 3 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS
Regardless of whether you are digitizing historic newspapers or a collection of born-digital illustrations,
building a digital library involves three essential components. Matched well, these 3 components
provide access to collection and deliver value to library patrons (Dennis, 2008).

Content

The primary component of any digital library is of course, its content. It is the newspapers that make the
National Library of New Zealands Papers Past website important. And likewise, it is the books that
make Project Gutenberg relevant to so many people. Compiling content into presentable collections is
where librarianship shines. Collections are about the relationships between digitized objects and
librarians are specifically skilled to organize, describe, and present those relationships through the use of
well-organized metadata. For librarians just beginning their digital librarianship, metadata is
synonymous with indexing, or cataloging, with the inclusion of technical information about the digital
object itself. In 2011 Toya, stated that If you are familiar with indexing or cataloging, metadata for a
digital collection will often include all of the information you are familiar with and some additional
information like scanner make and model, pixel dimensions of the file, date the digital asset was created,
a digital rights statement, etc.

Delivery

Once you have compiled a collection of digitized objects, you need a way to deliver them to library
patrons. Delivery is the second essential element, and typically involves access to the collection either
online through a web browser, or on a local machine through storage disks such as DVDs or CDs.
Delivering your collection online requires converting the digitization files and metadata into browser
readable HTML. If your collection is small and static, this could in theory be done through hand-coding
the HTML in a text editor or program like Adobes Dreamweaver. If your collection is even fairly large,
or you plan to add content to the digital library, you will need some type of delivery software. Delivery
systems like Veridian, Greenstone, or CONTENTdm automatically convert the metadata and digitization
files of your collection into HTML and manage changes to your collection.
Gregory explains that, there is dozens of delivery systems available. Some, like Greenstone, are opensource, while others have commercial licenses (Gregory, 2009). The available software varies greatly in
its capabilities and features, so it is important to match your content and project goals with digital library
software that suits your collection well.

Discovery

In addition and closely related to delivery, the third essential component of a digital library is a way to
discover the content within the digital library. Most digital library software will include indexing and
search functionality. In addition to search, browsing is another popular discovery method. Browsing
options generally use metadata categories, such as dates or titles, to organize and present the collection.

Do not underestimate the importance of an efficient discovery system. Search engines are not created
equal. Easy, intuitive, and fast search returns really impact the value of the digital library to those who
use it. For many collections, especially text-based collections like newspapers, faceted search filters help
users narrow search returns to quickly find what theyre looking for. Also, pay particular attention to the
search engines speed and robustness. This plays an important role in the amount of time a user has to
wait while the search engine assembles and displays the results. The faster the search engines the better,
and as the collection grows, the results time should not be significantly impacted.
2.7
DIGITAL JOURNALISM
Digital journalism also known as online journalism is a contemporary form of journalism where editorial
content is distributed via the Internet as opposed to publishing via print or broadcast. What constitutes
'digital journalism' is debated by scholars. However the primary product of journalism which is news
and features on current affairs, is presented solely or in combination as text, audio, video and some
interactive forms, and disseminated through digital media platforms (Philip, 2008).
John (2009), fewer barriers to entry, lowered distribution costs, and diverse computer networking
technologies have led to the widespread practice of digital journalism. It has democratized the flow of
information that was previously controlled by traditional media including newspapers, magazines, radio,
and television. A greater degree of creativity can be exercised with digital journalism when compared to
traditional journalism and traditional media. The digital aspect can be central to the journalistic message
or not, and remains within the creative control of the writer, editor, and publisher.
The technology of digitization from this review can be seen as posing a structural relationship to create
an easy and adaptable performance to the spread of news information through online newspaper.

CHAPTER THREE
METHODOLOGY AND SYSTEM ANALYSIS
3.1 METHODOLOGY

Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study, or the
theoretical analysis of the body of methods and principles associated with a branch of knowledge. It is
the process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions. We have
different methodologies in system design. Some of these includes: Object Oriented Design methodology,
Waterfall Design Methodology, Top-Down Design Methodology, Bottom-Up design methodology and
Structured Design methodology.
OBJECT ORIENTED METHODOLOGY
Object oriented methodology is a system development approach encouraging and facilitating re-use of
software components. With this methodology, a computer system can be developed on a component
basis which enables the effective re-use of existing components and facilitates the sharing of its
components by other systems. It represents the concept of objects that have data fields (attributes that
describe the object) and associated procedures known as methods. Objects, which are usually instances
of classes, are used to interact with one another to design applications and computer programs.
Examples of object-oriented programming languages are C++, Java, Javascript(a subsidiary of Java),
C#, Perl, Python, Ruby and PHP.
WATER-FALL METHODOLOGY
This model is a sequential development approach, in which development is seen as flowing steadily
downwards (like a waterfall) through the phases of requirements analysis, design, implementation,
testing (validation), integration, and maintenance. In this kind of methodology project is divided into
sequential phases, with some overlap and splashback acceptable between phases, emphasis is on
planning, time schedules, target dates, budgets and implementation of an entire system at one time. And
Tight control is maintained over the life of the project via extensive written documentation, formal
reviews, and approval or signoff by the user and information technology management occurring at the

end of most phases before beginning the next phase. The waterfall model proceeds from one phase to the
next in a sequential manner. For example, one first completes requirements specification, which after
sign-off are considered "set in stone." When requirements are completed, one proceeds to design. The
software in question is designed and a blueprint is drawn for implementers (coders) to follow. When the
design is complete, an implementation of that design is made by coders. Towards the later stages of this
implementation phase, separate software components produced are combined to introduce new
functionality and reduced risk through the removal of errors.Thus the waterfall model maintains that one
should move to a phase only when its preceding phase is completed and perfected.
TOP DOWN METHODOLOGY
In this type of methodology it emphasize planning and a complete understanding of the system. It is
inherent that no coding can begin until a sufficient level of detail has been reached in the design of at
least some part of the system. Top-down approaches are implemented by attaching the stubs in place of
the module. This, however, delays testing of the ultimate functional units of a system until significant
design is complete.
BOTTOM UP METHODOLOGY
Bottom-up emphasizes coding and early testing, which can begin as soon as the first module has been
specified. This approach, however, runs the risk that modules may be coded without having a clear idea
of how they link to other parts of the system, and that such linking may not be as easy as first thought.
Re-usability of code is one of the main benefits of the bottom-up approach

STRUCTURED DESIGN METHODOLOGY

The quality of programming code, and ways of making it easier to demonstrate the correctness of a
program was needed and put into consideration. Structured Design/Structured Programming was

purposed in the 1960s to promote a more organized approach to programming, and reduce bad coding
habits that can cost excessive time and effort. A methodology for breaking down a problem into smaller
problems and solving the smaller problems are then arranged into a hierarchy that forms a sequence of
procedures (conquer). Structured design is the art of designing the components of a system and the
interrelationship between those components in the best possible way. This approach identifies Major
Components of system, decompose it into components (the components represent procedures), group
related components, repeat the process as needed on individual components, and organize components
properly. (Such as a hierarchy with and a consideration for data flow)
For the purpose of this study structured design methodology will be used because of its numerous values
such as: modularization, easy debugging and program modules can act as a building block for
developing other program.
Some of the advantages of this system include:

3.2

Good design makes for good programs

It makes code easier to understand

Helps to make programs modular

It is easier to trouble shoot

It makes programming more systematic and less ambiguous

DATA COLLECTION/GATHERING

The methods used in data collection in this research are:

 OBSERVATION: I observed the actual handling of the documents in some newspaper company
and notes were taken, I used this method with the view of setting an insight of ways in which
activities in the manual system is actually carried out.
INTERNET: I obtained information relating to an online newspaper system with the help of the
internet. This method is one of my important sources of information gathering.
PERSONAL INTERVIEW: I interviewed some relevant staff in some newspaper companies. I
also interviewed some youths and aged people that read news regularly. This helped to gather
necessary information.
3.3

ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

A newspaper is a periodical publication containing news, other informative articles, and usually
advertising. A newspaper is usually printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such as
newsprint. The news organizations that publish newspapers are themselves often metonymically called
newspapers. Most newspapers now publish online as well as in print. The online versions are called
online newspapers or news sites. Newspapers are typically published daily or weekly, general-interest
newspapers typically publish news articles and feature articles on national and international news as well
as local news. The news includes political events and personalities, business and finance, crime, severe
weather, and natural disasters, health and medicine, science and technology, sports, entertainment,
society, food and cooking, clothing and home fashion, and the arts.
From the study and analysis of this system it was discovered that it is a system where most of the
activities are done manually and this makes the work more stressful for staff and inconvenient for the
newsreaders. For the newspaper companies storage access and information retrieval are among the
tasking problem. For individuals to read news, they have to leave their house or their working place in

search of the news article. Having examined some of these problems, it is imperative to introduce a
system that will resolve these problems.

3.4

PROBLEMS OF THE EXISTING SYSTEM

1.

In todays fast world, the news is transmitted using many other faster mediums than newspapers

like internet and every one with a camera in their cell phone is a potential reporter for these sources. On
the other hand newspaper involves a time lag between the event and its publishing.
2.

Nigeria is still one of the few countries where newspapers are distributed on the streets, in

advanced countries, newspapers distribution is a serious business and a profession that is treated like
every other professions in the society.
3.

News information is not been circulated as quickly as possible with newspapers due to its

printing processes that takes time.

4.

Newspaper productions poses damage to our natural resources as a result to trees cut down to

make productions.

3.5

ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED SYSTEM

More interactivity for the reader leading to reader having control of what they read leading to more
definitive information being conveyed in a short time More colorful graphics allow better attraction of
the readers attention Better content i.e. Video, pictures, graphics, links, search, forums, message
boards Better reader contribution ability discussion Better accessibility more convenience being able to

access it from own home without purchase from outlet More up to date information due to
instantaneous news wires. Other benefits include:

It's easy to access at many points during the day

It's mostly free
It's more environmentally friendly than getting a printed newspaper
It's faster to access
It's convenient to users that are not able to receive the printed version (not in the same location as
the printed paper)

3.5.1 Requirement Analysis

The system requirements are the software and hardware requirements. The software requires a set of
instructions that controls a computers action. It is a computer program that accomplishes some specific
applications or tasks. This software can be purchased or a user can develop the software from software
developers.
The hardware requirements unlike the software refer to the physical components of the computer i.e. the
peripherals in this design. The hardware and software requirements for this system are listed below.

3.5.1.1 Software Requirements

1.

Adobe Dreamweaver CS6

2.

Mozilla Fire Fox browser

3.

A graphic application (Adobe Photoshop cs6, CorelDraw etc.)

3.5.1.2 Hardware Requirement

1.

Pentium processor (4 or above)

2.

RAM (256MB-2GB)

3.

Standard keyboard

4.

Hard disk (40 or above)

5.

A 1500v Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)

3.5.2

Input Analysis

This deals with the process used to feed data to the system for processing. The following data are fed to
the system for processing.

Username

Password

Title

Content

Category

Image

Full name

Mobile no.

Register

3.5.3

Output Analysis

This involves the resultant documentation generated after processing of data/information supplied to the
system. The output here can be:

3.6

Category
Latest news
Date
News headlines
Read more
Image
News
Links
SYSTEM SPECIFICATION

This section shows the requirement of the system and what it is supposed to contain for effective design.
3.6.1

Home Page Specification

Register for news update: this enables the users to register into the system so that they can be
updated of the latest news.
Administrator login: to login an administrative staff or the CEO admin to perform an

administrative functions like adding, updating and deleting news item.

Home: displays the homepage of the system, where users can see the latest news in the system.
News: enables the system administrator to add new news, update and delete news item.
Subscribe: allows the system administrator to view or delete subscribers
Category: allows the system administrator to add news categories to the system.
Logout: brings the admin back to the homepage.

3.6.2

User Interface Specification

It is the specification for the user interface which is also path of the software that the user interacts
with, whether it is for input or output purposes.
3.6.2.1

Input Form Specification

The input form and their specification are shown below

A. Add Category Form: this form enables the system administrator to include categories of news
in the system. The fields here are;
name
add
B. Admin Login Form: this form enables the system administrator to login to the administrator
restricted area. The fields here are;
Username
Password
Login
C. Add Item Form: this form enables the system administrator to add new news items to the
system. The fields here are;
Title
Content
Category
Image
Add
D. Register for News Update: this form enables users to register and become members of the
system. The fields here are;
Full name
Mobile no.
Register
3.6.2.2 Output Form specification
The output form here is the form that shows the details of the input processed by the online newspaper
management system. The output form here is the homepage as it contains most of the input processed by
the system. The field here includes:

Category
Latest news
Date
News headlines
Read more
Image
News body
Links

3.6.2.3 Database specification

There is a database named newspaper to handle all the details of the Online Newspaper system. The
database will be stored in Wamp server which will contain MySql as the database management system.
It has five tables, they includes:
a. Admin: this table has the information needed for any admin staff to login. The fields in it
includes:
Id
int(11)
Username
varchar(20)
Password
varchar(20)
b. News: this table contains all the information about a particular news. The fields in it includes:
Id
int(11)
Title
varchar(200)
Content
varchar(2000)
Image
varchar(1000)
Date_published
varchar(20)
Category
varchar(200)
c. Category: this table holds the information about categories of news in the system. The fields here
are:
Id
int(11)
Name
varchar(20)
d. User: this table holds the information of all the people that subscribed as members of the system.
The fields here are:
Id
Name
Phone

int(11)
varchar(100)
varchar(20)

3.6.2.4 Program Module Specification

The program module specification is a precise statement of the effects that a software module is required
to achieve. As it concerns this particulars application package, it describes different activities involved
in the program modules. The classifications of the modules are vividly described under the subsections
below. The modules in this system are specified according to their functions. They include:
i.

Category: this enables the system administrator to add categories of news in the system, as well

ii.

as allows the users to view different categories on news in the system

Register for News Update: this module enables users to register as members so that they can

iii.

receive news update

Administrator login: this enables the system administrator to login into the system to perform

iv.

administrative duties.
Play to Listen: this module enables the news reader to listen to the news broadcast in any

v.
vi.

language and voice of their choice.

News: this module enables the system administrator to add news item to the system.
Subscribe: this module allows the system administrator to view or delete the subscribers in the

vii.

system.
Logout: enables the admin to logout of the system.

3.7 SYSTEM FLOWCHART

USER INPUT

ADMIN INPUT

COMPUTER PROCESS

MASTER FILE
(DATABASE)

UPDATE PROGRAM

DISPLAY NEWS

Fig 3.1 System Flowchart

User Input: This is the section where users upload the news to the system after which the
system process and update the news in the database then display the news in the news page.
Admin Input:This is the section where Admin upload the news to the system after which the
system process and update the news in the database then display the news in the news page.
Computer Process: This section is where the news that was uploaded by the users and admin is
processed thereafter the processed news is stored in the database and displayed in the news page.
Master File (Database): In this section the processed news is stored.
Update Program: The processed news is dispatched in this section to the database and news
page.
Display News: The processed news is displayin this section for the users to read.
CHAPTER FOUR
SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Having looked at and studied critically the old system with its deficiencies, then a system specification
and a design which was developed to meet the user requirement for an efficient online news
management system is developed.
4.1

GENERAL SYSTEM FUNCTION

The system will generally perform the following function:

Display categories of news and the latest news in the homepage.

 To design a module where individuals can register to become the members of the newspaper
community.
There is a module where the news editors updates news in categories.
To build a module where members can login and select the categories of the news material to
read.
There is a module where people can play and listen to the news read to them in any language of
their choice.
To design a news archive that keeps record of both past and present news.

4.2

SYSTEM DESIGN

Systems design is the process of defining the architecture, components, modules, interfaces, and data for
a system to satisfy specified requirements. Systems design could be seen as the application of systems
theory to product development.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
Computer system

Database

Network Access

The architectural design simply models the interaction that occurs between user devices.
The computer system must have been installed and connect to the network. Before a users would have
been able to use this service.
Network access
This helps establish a connection between the computer system and the database of the service. If there
is no network connection users would not be able to access ad gain information from the database.

Database
For every information to be retrieved, the information as to be stored in a database system which is a
collection of related information, the database helps store all the information of the news. Security is
also very important to all databases and the security used in this database is the admin pin and admin
password
FIG4.4 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE DIAGRAM

DATABASE
4.2.1 DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE USERS MODEL
This design shows the structure of the users model on how the user goes through the system.

queryi
ng

OPEN HOME PAGE

SELECT NEWSPAPER
retrievalin
gqueryi

SELECT NEWS CATEGORY

ng
retrievaling

SEARCH FOR NEWS

VIEW THE NEWS

queryi
ng
retrievaling
querying

UPLOAD NEWS IF ANYinserting

inserting

REGISTER FOR NEWS UPDATE

retrievaling

Fig 4.5 Design of users model.

The diagram above explains how the user functions with the system. The user opens the home page,
selects the newspaper of his choice and news category. There are other menu where the user can search,
view news and also upload news information to the site. With the avalability of short message service
users can register for news update to keep them informed on lataest happenings.

4.2.2 DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE OF THE ADMINISTRATOR MODEL

This design shows the structure of the admin model on how the user goes through
the system.
DATABASE

queryi
ng

SEARCH FOR NEWS

retrievaling

MODIFY UPDATED
updatiNEWS

LOGIN

ng

UPLOAD NEWS

inserti
ng

Fig 4.6 Design of the administrator model.

The diagram above explains how the administrator functions with the system. The admin is responsible
for managing the site. The admin will start by login in. In this system he/she uploads news into the
database for the users. He/she modifies the news updated by the users if it is a valid information he/she
accecpts otherwise he/she deletes.

4.2.3. Home Page Design

This section describes the homepage of the system. It describes how the user interface will look. It uses
link to ensure easy navigation from the default page to any other page. The figure below gives a
descriptive explanation of the home page design.

ONLINE NEWSPAPER SYSTEM

HOME

REGISTER FOR NEWS UPDATE

FULLNAME
CATEGORY

MOBILE NO.

LATEST NEWS

ADMIN LOGIN

HOME

CATEGORY
NEWS

IMAGE
NEWS BODY

SUBSCRIBE

DATE
PLAY TO LISTEN
READ NEWS
Fig. 2Top- down design of the system

STOP
CHOOSE VOICE
CHOOSE LANGUAGE

4.2.3

User Interface Design

LOGOUT

4.2.3.1 Input Form Design

This sub-section deals with the various designs of individual forms in which a user will enter data and a
click event to allow a procedure to happen. Below are the individual input forms.

Fig. 3 Registered for News Update Form

Administrator Login form

Fig. 4 Administrator login form

Add News Form

Fig.

Add news form

Fig. 6 Add category form

4.2.3.2 Output Form Design

The output form design is the form that shows the details of the input processed by the online news
system.

Fig. 7 Output form

4.2.4

DATABASE DESIGN

There is a database known as newspaper. The database constitutes of four tables that is made up of
fields of different field types and sizes. They include:
Table 1Admin table
S/N

FIELDNAM

FIELDTYPE

SIZE

1
2
3

E
USERNAME
PASSWORD
ID

VARCHAR
VARCHAR
INT

20
20
11

Table 2Register for News Update table

S/N

FIELDNAM

FIELDTYPE

SIZE

1
2
3

E
ID
FULLNAME
MOBILE

INT
VARCHAR
VARCHAR

11
20
20

NO.
REGISTER

VARCHAR

20

Table 3Add item table

S/N
1
2
3
4
5
6

FIELDNAME
ID
TITLE
CONTENT
IMAGE
DATE_PUBLISHED
CATEGORY

FIELDTYPE
INT
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR
VARCHAR

Table 4Category table

S/N

FIELDNAM
E

FIELDTYPE

SIZE

SIZE
11
200
2000
1000
20
200

1
2

ID
NAME

4.2.4

INT
VARCHAR

11
20

Program Module Design

Display
Registration
Form
Display
Archive Page

YES
Display News Reporter Page
Is link= News Reporter?
Display Newspaper Page

START

NO

DISPLAY HOMEPAGE

Is link= Newspaper?

User Module Program Flowchart

Register. 2. Archive
Newspaper.4. News Reporter

is link =
Register?
NO
END

e?
hiv
Arc
nk=
is li

4.2.4.1

SELECT OPTION

YES

NO
YES

START

Enter u.n. & password

Is u.n. & password

N correct?
O
YE
Display Link Options

IS LINK =NEWS?

YES
Display News Modifiable Page

No

Fig. 9 User Module Program Flowchart

YES

It describes how user canisenter

system and select option
to the
activities modifiable
he/she wantsPage
through a link
linkthe
= category?
Display
Category
and it will be displayed.
4.2.4.2

No

Administrator
Module Program FlowchartYES
is link = subscribe?

Display Subscribers

No
is link = logout

YES
Display The Default Page

No

END

Fig. 10.Administrator module program flowchart

4.3

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

Systems implementation is the construction of the new system and the delivery of that system into
production, in which the information system is programmed, tested, installed, and supported. This
section also went ahead to explain vividly the implementation of the designed system and the code that
achieve the actual instruction. Pseudo codes are used to show the structure of the coding while actual
coding are done using the chosen programming language (Hypertext Preprocessor) in the
implementation of every module of the project.

The following can be used by the system to fulfil its functions:Software Requirements: the software required for this system includes;
Windows XP and above
Hyper-text pre-processor (PHP)
Macromedia Fireworks 8
Macromedia Dreamweaver.
Hardware Requirement: The following hardware is required for the efficient work of the system:
At least 20 gigabyte of hard disk
At least 128MB of RAM
At least 650MHZ of speed processor
At least Pentium II mother board
CD ROM
Floppy Disk
4.3.1

Language of Implementation

The choice of programming language is a very important thing to consider when developing a new
system with knowledge of the problems encountered. It will be necessary to develop the system using a
very flexible, powerful database management system. PHP was used for the design of this software. PHP
was used because it is easy to use, learn, and user friendly. It is a scripting language that is event driven
with various controls already provided to help fast design.

4.3.2

Main Menu Implementation

The main menu design is implemented as shown below:

Table 5Pseudo Code for Main Menu Design
PROCEDURE

ACTION-PSEUDO CODE

LinkRegisterForNews_click

Displays the user registration form.

LinkCategory_Click

Display the news category page.

linkAdministratorLogin_click

Displays the administrator login page.

linkHome_Click

Displays the default page

BtnRegister_click

Registers a student into the system.

BtnLogin_Click

Enables the student to login into the system.

LinkNews_click

Displays a page where the admin can add or modify

news

LinkSubscribe_click

Displays the subscribed members in the system

LinkLogout_Click

Displays the default page of the system

4.3.3

User Interface Implementation

The user interface implementation is subdivided into two:

The Input Form Implementation
The Output Form Implementation
4.3.3.1 The input form interface
The input form is the main medium for user interaction as it draws out information from users, responds
to it, works with the existing store of data, queries and writes back to the database and finally registers to
the local computer. In order to make the form easy to use for the user, the window form was

implemented using controls like labels, text fields, list menu, buttons etc. all these work together to
generate an interactive input interface.
4.3.3.2 The output form interface
These forms present data that has been processed to the user. This involves illustrating the nature and
structure of the systems output. The output of most of the operation in this system is displayed as data
reports. Text fields and labels are used to specify the search fields and buttons are used to call up event
used to present data.

4.3.4 Database Implementation

The database is implemented using MySql statement in the query analyzer tool in the Wamp server
application. The database implementation contains all the Sql data manipulation language (DML) that is
used to modify the data present in the database.

SELECT Extracts data from database table.

UPDATE - Updates data in the database.
DELETE Deletes data from the database.
INSERT inserts new data into the database table.

CHAPTER FIVE
SYSTEM TESTING AND EVALUATION
SYSTEM TESTING
This is an important part of system development; it ensures that our new system performs its functions in
line with the specification document. This section describes the testing of the implementation system for
compliance with the approved specification. The test method was carried out systematically with the
individual command button control found in individual forms in the project. The researcher used real
data to test the command to actually prove that it perform the actual specification.
5.1 TEST PLAN
Since our new system (Online Newspaper System) is made up of subsystems and each subsystem is
made up of program modules. The test plan adopted in this project testing and integration was to test
each subsystem and then the main system. Generally, the testing was done in two major parts: unit
testing and final testing after integration. The test plans adopted for this project work are shown below;

5.1.1 Unit Testing

With respect to this, a test was conducted on all the events and modules that have been coded and stub
tested for a program are tested as an integrated unit. It is the testing of the entire program.
5.1.2 System Testing
This form of test was carried out to ensure that the application program written and tested in isolation
worked properly when they are integrated into the entire system. This form of testing is also known as
product testing.

5.2 TEST DATA

Here, we know the correct input and what the expected output should be, but not how the program
actually arrives at the output. During test run, data are fed and results are gotten.
Table 6Expected Result and Actual Result
Test data
Homee Page

Expected result
Actual result
Expected to see the main The main menu appeared.
menu screen from where you

Administrator

can select option.

Expected to see administrator Administrator access area was

Register for news update

restricted area
displayed
Expected to see a form that Users registration form was
will enable users registration displayed

Category

form
Expected

to

see

categories of news

different The form was displayed.

News

Expected to display a page The page was displayed

where

the

system

administrator can add and

Add News

modify news
Expected to display a page The page was displayed
where
administrator

the

system

and user can

add a fresh news

5.3

Test Result

The test results were gotten based on the values supplied to the system. The accuracy of the program was
tested with some varying data. This gives the assurance that the new system with achieve its purpose and
objectives.
5.4 Integration and Final Testing
The online newspaper store system contains different modules, which were tested by dividing them into
sub modules after which some additions and assimilation was made to have a perfect system. This
technique was aimed at verifying the function, performance and reliability of the new system. The portal
requires running on a web presence environment with other softwares which enable it to perform
effectively.
5.5 System Evaluation
The online newspaper store is a system for storage and retrival of news materials. It is a system which
has features that comprises newspapers of different agencies, interesting and educating news categories,
short service notification for up to date information of latest and breaking news, text to speech that

makes this system userfriendly and interactive. Newspapers communicate a societys values, ethics, and
ideas, this system is designed to enable every individual keep abreast of local, state and national news
as being informed is a responsibility all citizens should claim. How the headings, columns and pictures,
work together is straightforward this feature will create proper visual literacy. With text to speech this
system is distinguished for all users, it is also recommended for people with learning disabilities and
people with vision impairment. It is not only designed for adults, with text to speech every child can
learn and understand enough to follow the news.
5.6

SYSTEM DEPLOYMENT

This stage is also known as crossover stage. This is the stage in which all theories are turned into
practice. It is a means of changing from the manual system to the automated system. There are various
methods of crossover process, they include:
5.6.1

Parallel Change over

This is a method in which both systems (i.e. manual and computerized systems) are implemented
simultaneously for a certain defined period and their outputs/results are compared periodically and likely
differences are fixed on the new system until all users are satisfied. The old system has to be
discontinued when differences are seen to have seized arising. Its advantage is that is that it builds users
confidence especially during the parallel run. The disadvantage is that it is expensive running the manual
and computer-based system simultaneously for a defined period of time.
5.6.2

Pilot Change over

In this method, the new system is installed first and executed successfully for a considerable period of
time. When the outputs are found suitable, then another part is implemented. Its advantage is that it

allows easy tracing of errors and debugging since installation are done in parts. Major disadvantage here
is that it takes a long time to complete the installation of the various parts of the system.
5.6.3

Direct Change over

This is where the manual or old system is completely replaced by the new system. One of the major
advantages here is that it saves cost in the sense that it is only the automated that runs at a particular
point in time. It is also easy to directly change over to the new system. This is the method that will be
adopted in this system.

CHAPTER SIX
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
6.1

SUMMARY OF ACHIEVEMENTS

Developing an online newspaper management system is an internet feature that gives people the
opportunity to go online and get their newsfeeds. In all cases, the system was able to perform the
following;
Display categories of news and the latest news in the homepage.
To design a module where individuals can register to become the members of the newspaper
community.
There is a module where the news editors update news in categories.
To build a module where members can login and select the categories of the news material to
read.
There is a module where people can play and listen to the news read to them in any language of
their choice.
To design a news archive that keeps record of both past and present news.
The success of all these operations was based on the analysis of the current system and testing processes
carried out during the system process.

6.2

PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED AND SOLUTION ADOPTED

During the feasibility study, Analysis and designing of this application package, a lot of sets back were
encountered. But after a much head long way, the solutions were found. Problems encounterd was with
error routine procedure, when I discovered that procedure access base always generate error when care is
not taken, I adopted the solution of on error resume next which ignores the error and continues
execution. Compiler error was another problem encountered but I took note of the control name in
various forms.
6.3

CONCLUSSION

Today everybody wants to get updated with the latest happenings around the world, but in todays fast
life nobody has time to sit in front of television all day and watch breaking news. Web media has
become a great medium of educating and informing people. Sixty six per cent people are using internet
on their various devices, they can easily access online news whenever and wherever they want to know
what is going on around the whole world.
The demand for online news has been increasing for the past few years with the growing reach of
internet by offering the latest breaking news with a minute update. The evolutionary changes of news
publishing on the internet invoke a different kind of response from the readers. With online news store
new consumers are empowered by electronic publishing. Online news has the advantages of electronic
media the ability to deliver new editions instantly and without the need to print copies and transport

them over distances to thousands of retail outlets and millions of subscribers. The advent of online
newspaper has offered a great opportunity to making a swift review of things and day today events that
are happening all around almost at a wink, moreover it has certainly enriched the horizon of newspaper
reading by all class of people at a much faster pace which no other medium can address.
6.4

RECOMMENDATION

With regard to online news, online key features enrich the search for information online. The level of
multimedia, interactivity, and hypertext defines the way in which news consumers can control and scan
through the content, choose the format in which information should be presented and discuss news
online. Consequently, it is assume that when people face multimodal, interactive, and hyper textual
news content online, they will perceive their news consumption process as more gratifying than when
faced with online news messages lacking these features. The presence of features like text to speech,
users page to upload news to the editor from their environment, discussion page to make the site
interactive in order to share their views with other users, short message service subscription, and
achieves makes this software recommended for all newspaper consumers for example schools, libraries,
law firms, offices, and individual consumption .
Although people with disabilities still face a variety of barriers to use a computer, these barriers are
easily overcome. People with disabilities meet barriers of all types, however, technology is helping to
lower many of these barriers. People may have trouble with reading, spelling or seeing but this software
tool can provide them with alternatives. The feature of text to speech will help teach young readers how
to read important information quickly and with comprehension and increase their visual literacy. It is
also recommended for people with learning disabilities, people with vision impairment, non-native
language speakers and busy people.

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Dimmick, J. (2004). Competition between the Internet and traditional news media: The gratificationopportunities niche dimension. The Journal of Media Economics, 17, 1933.

Eveland, W.(2004). The effect of political discussion in producing informed citizens: The roles of
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Eveland, W. P., & Dunwoody, S. (2009). Examining information processing on the World Wide Web
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Eveland, W. P., & Dunwoody, S. (2001). User control and structural isomorphism or disorientation and
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APPENDIX A
SAMPLE CODES
PROGRAM SAMPLE CODES FOR HOME PAGE
<?php require_once('Connections/config.php'); ?>
<?php
if (!function_exists("GetSQLValueString")) {
function GetSQLValueString($theValue, $theType, $theDefinedValue = "", $theNotDefinedValue = "")
{
if (PHP_VERSION < 6) {
$theValue = get_magic_quotes_gpc() ? stripslashes($theValue) : $theValue;
}

$theValue = function_exists("mysql_real_escape_string") ? mysql_real_escape_string($theValue) :

mysql_escape_string($theValue);

switch ($theType) {
case "text":
$theValue = ($theValue != "") ? "'" . $theValue . "'" : "NULL";
break;
case "long":
case "int":
$theValue = ($theValue != "") ? intval($theValue) : "NULL";
break;
case "double":
$theValue = ($theValue != "") ? doubleval($theValue) : "NULL";
break;
case "date":
$theValue = ($theValue != "") ? "'" . $theValue . "'" : "NULL";
break;
case "defined":

$theValue = ($theValue != "") ? $theDefinedValue : $theNotDefinedValue;

break;
}
return $theValue;
}
}

$editFormAction = $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];
if (isset($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) {
$editFormAction .= "?" . htmlentities($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']);
}

if ((isset($_POST["MM_update"])) && ($_POST["MM_update"] == "form1")) {

if(!empty($_FILES['image']['name'])){
$folder ="upload/";
$image_name = rand(11111111,99999999).rand(11111111,99999999).$_FILES['image']['name'];
$upload_image = $folder.$image_name;
}

else
{
$upload_image = $_POST["image2"];
}
move_uploaded_file($_FILES['image']['tmp_name'],$upload_image);
$newspapers =$_POST["newspapers"];

if(!empty($_FILES['mp3']['name'])){
$foldermp3 ="mp3/";
$image_namemp3 = rand(11111111,99999999).rand(11111111,99999999).$_FILES['mp3']['name'];
$upload_imagemp3 = $foldermp3.$image_namemp3;
move_uploaded_file($_FILES['mp3']['tmp_name'],$upload_imagemp3);
}
else
{
$upload_imagemp3 = $_POST["mp32"];
}

$updateSQL

sprintf("UPDATE

news

SET

title=%s,

`content`=%s,

category=

%s,newspapers='$newspapers',image='$upload_image',mp3='$image_namemp3' WHERE id=%s",

GetSQLValueString($_POST['title'], "text"),
GetSQLValueString($_POST['content'], "text"),
GetSQLValueString($_POST['category'], "text"),
GetSQLValueString($_POST['id'], "int"));

mysql_select_db($database_config, $config);
$Result1 = mysql_query($updateSQL, $config) or die(mysql_error());

$updateGoTo = "success.php";
if (isset($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'])) {
$updateGoTo .= (strpos($updateGoTo, '?')) ? "&" : "?";
$updateGoTo .= $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'];
}
header(sprintf("Location: %s", $updateGoTo));
}

$colname_mif = "-1";
if (isset($_GET['id'])) {
$colname_mif = $_GET['id'];
}
mysql_select_db($database_config, $config);
$query_mif = sprintf("SELECT * FROM news WHERE id = %s", GetSQLValueString($colname_mif,
"int"));
$mif = mysql_query($query_mif, $config) or die(mysql_error());
$row_mif = mysql_fetch_assoc($mif);
$totalRows_mif = mysql_num_rows($mif);

mysql_select_db($database_config, $config);
$query_ca = "SELECT * FROM category";
$ca = mysql_query($query_ca, $config) or die(mysql_error());
$row_ca = mysql_fetch_assoc($ca);
$totalRows_ca = mysql_num_rows($ca);

mysql_select_db($database_config, $config);

$query_n = "SELECT * FROM newspapers";

$n = mysql_query($query_n, $config) or die(mysql_error());
$row_n = mysql_fetch_assoc($n);
$totalRows_n = mysql_num_rows($n);
?>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html dir="ltr" lang="en-US"><head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Online Newspaper Store</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="initial-scale = 1.0, maximum-scale = 1.0, user-scalable = no, width
= device-width">

<!--[if lt IE 9]><script src="http://html5shiv.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/html5.js"></script><![endif]->

<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css" media="screen">
<!--[if lte IE 7]><link rel="stylesheet" href="style.ie7.css" media="screen" /><![endif]-->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.responsive.css" media="all">

<script src="jquery.js"></script>

<script src="script.js"></script>
<script src="script.responsive.js"></script>
<meta name="description" content="Description">
<meta name="keywords" content="Keywords">

<style>.art-content .art-postcontent-0 .layout-item-0 { padding-right: 10px;padding-left: 10px; }

.ie7 .post .layout-cell {border:none !important; padding:0 !important; }
.ie6 .post .layout-cell {border:none !important; padding:0 !important; }

</style></head>
<body>
<div id="art-main">
<header class="art-header clearfix">

<div class="art-shapes">
<h1 class="art-headline" data-left="3.23%">

</h1>
<h2 class="art-slogan" data-left="4.92%"></h2>

<div class="art-object1200840036" data-left="0%"></div>

<div class="art-object1035749740" data-left="3.92%"></div>
<div class="art-object237469987" data-left="100%"></div>
<div class="art-textblock art-object571931962" data-left="21.53%">
<div class="art-object571931962-text">Newspaper store</div>

</div>
</div>
<div class="art-textblock art-object2107965177" data-left="1.81%">

</div>
</header>
<div class="art-sheet clearfix">
<nav class="art-nav clearfix">

<ul class="art-hmenu">
<?php include("menu_admin.php");?>
</ul>
</nav>
<div class="art-layout-wrapper clearfix">
<div class="art-content-layout">
<div class="art-content-layout-row">

<div class="art-layout-cell art-content clearfix"><article class="art-post art-article">

<h2 class="art-postheader"><center>
Modify News
</center></h2>

<div class="art-postcontent art-postcontent-0 clearfix"><div class="art-contentlayout">

<div class="art-content-layout-row">
<div class="art-layout-cell layout-item-0" style="width: 100%" >
<p>

<center><form action="<?php echo $editFormAction; ?>" method="post"

enctype="multipart/form-data" name="form1">

<table align="center">
<tr valign="baseline">
<td width="114" align="left" nowrap><strong>Title:</strong></td>
<td width="241"><input type="text" name="title" value="<?php echo
htmlentities($row_mif['title'], ENT_COMPAT, 'utf-8'); ?>" size="32"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="baseline">
<td nowrap align="left"><strong>Content:</strong></td>
<td><textarea name="content" cols="100" rows="12" id="content"><?php
echo htmlentities($row_mif['content'], ENT_COMPAT, 'utf-8'); ?></textarea></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="baseline">
<td nowrap align="left"><strong>Category:</strong></td>
<td><label for="category"></label>
<select name="category" id="category">
<?php
do {
?>

<option value="<?php echo $row_ca['name']?>"><?php echo

$row_ca['name']?></option>
<?php
} while ($row_ca = mysql_fetch_assoc($ca));
$rows = mysql_num_rows($ca);
if($rows > 0) {
mysql_data_seek($ca, 0);
$row_ca = mysql_fetch_assoc($ca);
}
?>
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="baseline">
<td nowrap align="left"><strong>NewsPaper:</strong></td>
<td><label for="newspapers"></label>
<select name="newspapers" id="newspapers">
<?php
do {

?>
<option value="<?php echo $row_n['name']?>"><?php echo
$row_n['name']?></option>
<?php
} while ($row_n = mysql_fetch_assoc($n));
$rows = mysql_num_rows($n);
if($rows > 0) {
mysql_data_seek($n, 0);
$row_n = mysql_fetch_assoc($n);
}
?>
</select></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="baseline">
<td height="43" align="left" nowrap><strong>Image:</strong></td>
<td><input type="file" name="image" value="" size="32">
<label for="image2"></label>
<input type="hidden" name="image2" value="<?php echo
$row_mif['image']; ?>" id="image2"></td>

</tr>
<tr valign="baseline">
<td nowrap align="left"><strong>News Audio</strong></td>
<td><label for="mp3"></label>
<input type="file" name="mp3" id="mp3">
<label for="mp3"></label>
<input type="hidden" name="mp32" value="<?php echo
$row_mif['mp3']; ?>" id="mp32"></td>
</tr>
<tr valign="baseline">
<td nowrap align="left">&nbsp;</td>
<td><input type="submit" class="art-button" value="Update"></td>
</tr>
</table>
<input type="hidden" name="MM_update" value="form1">
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="<?php echo $row_mif['id']; ?>">
</form> </center></p>
</div>

</div>
</div>
</div
</article></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer class="art-footer clearfix">
<div class="art-footer-inner">
<p><br></p>
<br>
<p>Copyright <?php echo date("Y") ?>. All Rights Reserved.</p>
<br>
<br>
<p><img

width="38"

height="38"

alt=""

src="images/1301473743_social_rss_button_orange.png">&nbsp;<img width="38" height="38" alt=""

src="images/1301473751_social_facebook_box_blue.png">&nbsp;<img width="38" height="38" alt=""
src="images/1301473755_social_skype_box_blue.png"></p>

<br>
<br>
</div>
</footer>
</div>
</body></html>
<?php
mysql_free_result($mif);
mysql_free_result($ca);
mysql_free_result($n);
?>
PROGRAM SAMPLE CODES FOR ADMIN PAGE
<li><a href="admin.php" class="active">Home</a></li>
<li><a href="#" class="active">Category</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="category_add.php">Add Category</a></li>
<li><a href="category_Modify.php">Modify Category</a></li>
<li><a href="category_Delete.php">Delete Category</a></li>

<li><a href="category_View.php">View Categories</a></li>

</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" class="active">NewsPaper</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="NewsPaper_add.php">Add NewsPaper</a></li>
<li><a href="NewsPaper_Modify.php">Modify NewsPaper</a></li>
<li><a href="NewsPaper_Delete.php">Delete NewsPaper</a></li>
<li><a href="NewsPaper_View.php">View NewsPapers</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#" class="active">News</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Item_add.php">Add News</a></li>
<li><a href="Item_Modify.php">Modify News</a></li>
<li><a href="Item_delete.php">Delete News</a></li>
<li><a href="Item_View.php">View News</a></li>

</ul>
</li><li><a href="#" class="active">Subscriber</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="Subscribe_view.php">View/Delete Subscriber</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="Uploaded.php" class="active">Uploaded News</a></li>
<li><a href="logout.php" class="active">Log Out</a></li>

APPENDIX 2
USER INTERFACE

NEWS UPDATE FORM

ADD CATEGORY FORM

ADMINISTRATOR LOGIN FORM

ADD NEWS FORM