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Energy
Storage
Outer
Controller
Microprocessor
Digital Signal Processor
Field Prog. Gate Array
Motor
Controller
BJTs
IGBTs
MOSFETs
Power
Electronics
Motor
Permanent Magnet
Switched Reluctance
Induction
Load
Active Load
Passive Load
No Power Electronics
Electric Motor driven by line frequency
Not amenable to automation
In pump applications this means constant pump speed
Heat generated and energy lost in pump and throttling valve
+-
(PID) Outer
CONTROL
loop controller
Translation
of Force to force feedback
control
Gears
Brake
pad
Brake
rotor
torque
reference
Torque
controller &
inverter
Caliper
Motor
Rotary to linear converter
Gear
motor
voltage
Motor
Applications
Process Industry: Pumps, fans, agitators, compressors
Machining: Planers, winches, chippers, drill presses, sanders,
extruders, grinders, mills, presses
Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC): Blowers,
compressors
Paper and Steel Industry: Hoists, rollers
Textile: Looms
Packaging: Shears
Food: Conveyors, fans
Oil, Gas, Mining: Compressors, pumps, cranes, shovels
Residential: Heat pumps, freezers, washing machines
Automotive: traction drives, accessory drives
Wind Energy systems: Generators, pumps, fans
Accel.
pedal
Batteries
(Store)
Brake
pedal
Electronic
Controller
Power Electronic
Converter
Battery
Charger
Wheel
Acceleration
Motor
Transmission
Differential
Regenerative
Braking
Software
Hardware
Devices
Topology
Motor Controls
Supervisory
Controls
Microprocessor
Digital
Signal
Processor
IGBT
DC/DC
DC/AC
Design
Types
FEA
CAD
Materials
Packaging
Structural
Thermal
DC
Induction
PM Sync.
PM Brushless
SRM
Wheel
Coulomb friction
Viscous friction
: speed dependent (
Aerodynamic Drag
Air drags power in proportion to speed squared
=
where is the density of air in kg/ ,
is the aerodynamic drag coefficient,
is the vehicle frontal area in
and is the velocity in /
Power is proportional to
Mechanical-Electrical Analogy
Torque
Angular Velocity
Angular Displacement
Moment of Inertia
Spring Constant
Damping Coefficient
Coupling Ratio
Current
Voltage
Flux Linkage
Capacitance
1/Inductance
1/Resistance
Transformer Ratio
Torsional Resonances
Coupling Mechanisms
Required when
A rotary motor driving a load that requires linear
(translational) motion
Higher rotational speed is preferred in electric motors
than that required by the load
The axis of rotation needs to be changed
Types
Conveyor belts (belt and pulley)
Rack and pinion or a ball-screw type of arrangement
Gear mechanisms
Gears
Dynamic Operation
Types of Loads: Constant Torque, Constant
power, squared power loads, cubic power
loads
Four-Quadrant Drives
Dynamic Operation
Operating point changes with time
Speed change has to be rapid and without any
oscillations
Requires good controller design