Vedic Time System

The Hindu view of time can be broadly referred to as theVedic Time System.kala(Time) is regarded as
not linear or single-directional movement, like an arrow speeding from past to future. The idea of Time
itself was quite advanced in Hindu Heritage. The Hindu concept talks of Rhythm or universal order which is
manifested as Time. Time Rhythm range from the fast ticking of the atom to the expansion of the entire
cosmos Time unfolding within the geological process of the Earth the change of the season, the life cycle
of a fly etc.
Kala (Time) itself is connected toLord Sivain Indian Heritage. Siva is calledMaha Kala the great
Time. His consort Kali personifies the energy of Time.

Based on Astronomical Science

The Hinduklagaan(chronology) does not depend on any mundane event like the birth of a person,
coronation of a king or the military success of an emperor. But it depends only on the movements of
various heavenly bodies in the cosmos, or in other words, on astronomical science. Judging from this
viewpoint, the Indian chronology alone is scientific since all other current chronologies are based on
mundane event like the birth of a person, or the victory of a race over the other, or the rule of a particular
dynasty, or running away of a man from one city to another to save his life and so on.
But during the British colonial rule, the foreign rulers could have been successful to inculcate the idea that
the entire concept of Hindu chronology is merely a mythological fiction without having any scientific basis.
As a matter of fact, those foreign rulers framed the education system ofBharatvarsha(the Indian
subcontinent) with the sinister view of turning the people away from their own heritage and culture and to
make them respectful to whatever is Western (seeMacaulayism). The most unfortunate part of the
episode is that, practically nothing has been done to counter this trend during past fifty years after
obtaining freedom. As a result, most of the people of this country do not even know how rich and ancient
their own culture is and, on the contrary, have developed a mentality to slight whatever is Indian. As a
burning example of this trend, we are blindly following the most unscientific Christian chronology and do
not even care to know what the Hindu chronology is.

Cyclic Nature of Time

From a keen observation of a number of physical phenomena, it is easy to infer that they are repetitive,
cyclic, and follow a definite time duration. The most evident repetitive phenomena are the solar cyclerotation of the earth on its own axis and the revolution of the earth around the sun.
Another repetitive phenomenon is that of a seed growing into a sapling, then to a plant and finally a tree.
Before the tree dies it leaves behind a new seed for another tree and the cycle repeats infinitely. Every
potential seed is a subtle form of the future tree having the complete information of the tree genetically
encoded within it and every tree carries within it a potential seed for another future tree. Likewise the heat

of the sun causes water to evaporate to form clouds, which shed their water over land , forming streams
and rivers which ultimately wind their way back to the ocean, to once again repeat the cycle.
Since we are very much accustomed to these phenomena, it is very easy to accept them without raising an
eyebrow. Apart form these evident cycles the least understood and less apparent are the Human and
Absolute Time cycles. To comprehend the Human cycle with any degree of clarity, it is essential to
comprehend that the physical body is a constantly changing mass of material elements, while the soul is
eternal. The soul takes a body just before birth and plays its part as a baby, infant, child, adolescent, adult
and an elderly person and then leaves the body to take another body to go through a similar cycle once
again.
Again everybody is aware of the cyclical nature of time which means that time neither has a beginning nor
an end. So logically speaking time is always represented on paper as a circle.
Every second repeats itself every60 SECONDS.
(60seconds = 1 minute).
Every minute repeats itself every60 MINUTES. (60
minutes = 1 hour).
Every hour repeats itself every24 HOURS. (24 hours
= 1 day).
Every day repeats itself every365 DAYS. (365 days
= 1 year).
Every year repeats itself in:? ? ? ?YEARS ?
So logically speaking every year should also repeat itself
after a certain period of time. Can this answer be given by
any human being? Can Science give us a definite answer to
this question? CERTAINLY NOT.

Fold
Table of Contents
Based on Astronomical Science
Cyclic Nature of Time
The Division of Time
Smallest Unit of Time
Hour
Seven Days of Week
Fortnight, Month and Year
Samvatsara The Year Cycles
Yuga
Mahayuga (Chaturyuga) The Yuga Cycles
Time of the Devas The Cosmic Years
Kalpa A Cosmic Day of Brahm
Manvantara
Mahakalpa Brahma's Lifespan
Present date in Time
Kaliyuga calendar
Outline
Pralaya
References

In the Hindu system, Years are named and there are 60

names. Once the 60 names are finished, the next year
starts with the first name again. This goes on in a cyclic
manner. Beyond this level there are 4 epochs orYugas, namely,Krita Yuga,Treta Yuga,Dvapara
Yuga, andKali yuga.

The Division of Time

In theVedas, Time is equated with theKala(Consciousness Time) is the source of the divisions of time. It
unites procession recession and stasis.
Kalo gatinivrtti sthiti: samdadhati (Sankhayana Aranyaka 7.20).
Time, according toSurya Siddhanta, has both its virtual and practical divisions; the former is
calledmurta(embodied), the latteramurta(virtual or Unembodied). TheSurya Siddhantadelineates that
what begins withprana(respiration) is called real; that what begins withtruti(atoms) is called unreal.

Smallest Unit of Time

Vedic astronomy give a very detailed division of the Time upto the lowest sub division level
ofpra(respiration), a time lapse of four seconds. The lowest sub divisionsprais the same part of the
day as the minute is of the circle, so that a respiration of time is equivalent to a minute of apparent
revolution of the heavenly bodies above the earth. The astronomical division of sidereal time are:

1 paramanu

60,750th of a second

1 trui

29.6296 microseconds

1 tatpara

2.96296 milliseconds

1 nimesha

88.889 milliseconds

45 nimesha

1 pra

4 seconds

6 pra

1 vind

24 seconds

60 vinds

1 nad

24 minutes

60 nds

1 ahortra

As, according to modern standards, 24 hours make 1 day and night, one finds that, 1ndior dada is
equal to 24 minutes, 1vindis equal to 24 seconds, 1 asu orprais equal to 4 seconds, 1nimeshais
equal to 88.889 milliseconds, 1 tatpara is equal to 2.96296 milliseconds and finally 1 trui is equal to
29.6296 microseconds or 33,750th part of second. It is really amazing that the Indian astronomers, at such
a long time ago, could conceive and obviously could measure such a small interval of time like trui. It
should be mentioned here that, 1 unit ofprais the time an average healthy man needs to complete one
respiration or to pronounce ten long syllables called guravakara.
The Puranic division of the day is somewhat different. According to this, Kala (Time) is born out of Sun.
The counting starts from nimesha (twinkling of an eye). (Source:Srya Siddhnta).

100 truti (atoms)

= 1 tatpara (speck)

30 tatpara (specks)

= 1 nimesha (twinkling)

18 nimesha (twinklings)

= 1 kashtha (bit)

30 kashtha (bits)

= 1 kala (~minute)

30 kala (minutes)

= 1 ghatika (~half-hour)

2 ghatika (half hour)

= 1 kshana/muhrta (~hour)

30 kshana/muhrta (hour)

= 1 ahortra (~day).

Truti is referred to as a quarter of the time of falling of an eye lid.

1 muhrta equal to 48 minutes, 1 ghai equal to 24 minutes. 1 kal equal to 48 seconds, 1 kh equal to
1.6 seconds and 1 nimea equal to 88.889 milliseconds as obtained above. In its daily motion, the earth
rotates around its axis at a speed of nearly 1660 Km per hour and its illuminated half is called ahh (day)
and the dark half is called rtri (night). From the system of units of time given above, one finds that 60
ghais or nds make 1 day and night.

Vedic astronomical texts divide the above units of time broadly into two categories; (i) mrttaklah and (ii)
amrtaklah. The units of the former kind are manifested (mrttah) by the nature while, those of the latter
kind are created by man. From this view point, ahortra, pra or asu. nimea are mrttaklah and the
rest are amrttaklah.

Hour
Deleting the leading letter a and the trailing tra from ahortra, one is left with the word hor, and from
this hor, another system of measuring time, the Hor System, introduced in this country by the
celebrated Hindu astronomer Varha Mihira, by dividing a day and night into 24 hors. Many believe that
from this Hor System the entire world has adopted the present practice of dividing a day and night into 24
hours and moreover, from Sanskrit hor, English hour, Latin hora and Greek ora () have been derived.
It is interesting to note here that, one can derive the names of the seven days of a week from this Hor
System as well. One has to assume a lord for each hor of the day and Ravivra is to be accepted as the
first day of the week, but counting is to be made in the reverse or descending order and the fourth place
gives the name of the following day.

Seven Days of Week

Why seven days make a week? And wherefrom the names of these seven days have come? Every Indian
will be pleased to know that it is also a gift of India to the entire world. We have seen earlier that, 60
ghais or dadas make one day and night or ahortra. Indian astronomers dedicated each ghai of the day
to a planet as its lord and derived the name of the day as per the lord of the first ghai of the day.

surya

sunday

soma

monday

mangala

tuesday

budha

wednesday

guru

thursday

shukra

friday

shani

saturday

rahu & ketu

eclipse

The sun or Ravi being the most powerful among the planets, as well as the giver and sustainer of life, has
been honoured to be the lord of first ghai of the first day of the week. Hence it is named Ravivra or
Sunday. In Figure-1, the lords of second and third ghais of Ravivra are Mars and Jupiter respectively.
Proceeding in this manner, Saturn is the lord of the 60th ghai of Ravivra and the moon or Soma becomes
the lord of the first ghai of the following day and hence it is named Somavra or Monday (Moonday). One
may notice here that in counting 60 ghais along the circle of Firure-1, one has to make 8 complete
revolutions and 4 more planets and hence starting from a particular planet, the 5th place gives the name of
the following day. In this manner one finally arrives at anivra or Saturday (Saturnday) and starting from
anivra one observes that the next day is Ravivra and thus the cycle is completed.
It may be recalled that the Hor System is not essential for naming he seven days of a week and primarily
it was done by the Vedic astronomers dividing a day and night into 60 ghais or 60 dadas. Hence, we may
conclude without doubt that, it is the Vedic astronomers who named the seven days of a week using the
original Indian system of dividing a day and night into 60 ghais and in their subsequent attempt they have
shown that, one can arrive at the same results using 24 hors as well. In a verse (1/296) of Yjavalkya
Samhit, the names of the planets are given exactly in the order of week days and hence there is every
reason to believe that the names of the planets in that verse were mentioned particularly as the lords of
the seven days of a week. This makes Professor S. B. Dixit to believe that the names of the seven days of
a week were known in the times of Yjavalkya Samhit.

Fortnight, Month and Year

Units of time larger than day and week are fortnight and month. The gveda says, aruo msakvikah
and crya Yska in his commentary over the verse says. aruo arocano msakmsnm
crddhamsnm ca kart bhavati or the moon is the creator of months and fortnights. In Sanskrit the
moon is called candramas and the word msa has been derived from the parting syllable mas of
candramas. So it appears that, during the Vedic period people counted months and fortnights according to
the phases of the moon. According to Professor S. B. Dixit, it was quite natural since one has to ascertain
the duration of a solar month by tedious calculations, while lunar months arc visible to the naked eye and
he writes, Therefore it is clear that solar months came into being afterwards.

Samvatsara The Year Cycles

Samvatsara is a Sanskrit term for "year". In Hindu tradition, there are 60 Samvatsaras, each of which has
a name. Once all 60 samvatsaras are over, the cycle starts over again. The sixty Samvatsaras are divided
into 3 groups of 20 Samvatsaras each. The first 20 from Prabhava to Vyaya are attributed to Brahma. The
next 20 from Sarvajit to Parabhava to Vishnu & the last 20 to Shiva.
The 60 Samvatsaras are:

1. Prabhava

13. Pramthin

25. Khara

37. Shobhana

49. Rkshasa

2. Vibhava

14. Vikrama

26. Nandana

38. Krodhin

50. Anala

3. Shukla

15. Vrisha

27. Vijaya

39.
Vishvvasu

51. Pingala

4. Pramoda

16.
Chitrabhnu

28. Jaya

40. Parbhava

52. Klayukti

5. Prajpati

17. Svabhnu

29. Manmatha

41. Plavanga

53. Siddhrthin

6. ngirasa

18. Trana

30. Durmukha

42. Klaka

54. Raudra

7. Shrmukha

19. Prthiva

31.
Hemalambin

43. Saumya

55. Durmati

8. Bhva

20. Vyaya

32. Vilambin

44. Sdhrana

56. Dundubhi

9. Yuvan

21. Sarvajit

33. Vikrin

45. Virodhikrit

57.
Rudhirodgrin

10. Dhtri

22.
Sarvadhrin

34. Shrvari

46. Paritpin

58. Raktksha

11. shvara

23. Virodhin

35. Plava

47. Pramdin

59. Krodhana

12.
Bahudhnya

24. Vikrita

36. Shubhakrit

48. nanda

60. Kshaya

Once the 60 names are finished, the next year starts with the first name again. This goes on in a cyclic
manner.

Yuga
The units of time larger than a year are called yugas. The word yuga has been derived from yoga and yoga
from samyoga, or conjunction of heavenly bodies. So one finds the origin of every unit of yuga to a specific
conjunction of the heavenly bodies in the sky. In Indian astronomy, starting from a mere 5 year yuga to a
vast Mahyuga of 4,320,000 years are in vogue. Every 5 year, a conjunction of the sun and the moon
occurs at the asterism Dhanith in the zodiacal sign Makara (Capricorn). The sun enters Makara, in the
month of Mgha. Hence the conjunction recurs every 5 year on the new-moon day in the month of Mgha
and that is the basis of counting a 5 year yuga. The Vednga Jyotisa provides special names for these five
years and they are Samvatsara, Parivatsara, Idvatsara. Anuvatsara and Idvatvatsara [VS: 26/45, 30/16;
TB: 1/4/10;111/4/1-4).
The planet Vhaspati (Jupiter) takes 1 year to cover a zodiacal sign and hence takes 12 years to complete
its journey through all the 12 signs of the zodiac. This is the basis for counting a 12 year yuga and since it
originates from the motion of Vhaspati, it is often called the Vrhaspatya-yuga. It would be relevant to
mention here that the Kumbha-Mela is held when Vhaspati enters the house of Kumbha (Aquarious) and
hence the festival recurs every 12 years.
From the facts narrated above, one observes that a conjunction of the sun and the moon at Dhanith,
while the Vhaspati (Jupiter) at makara (Capricorn), occurs every 60 years and that is the basis for
counting a 60 year yuga. Hindu scriptures provide separate names for all the sixty years of a 60 year
yuga.[4] The rare occasion when the sun, the moon and Vhaspati (Jupiter) meet at dhanith repeats at
an interval of 865 million years. Such a conjunction occurs five times in a Kalpa.

Mahayuga (Chaturyuga) The Yuga Cycles

Beyond this level there are 4 epochs or yugas, namely,Krita Yuga,Treta Yuga,Dvapara Yuga,
andKali Yuga. All these four yugas together is called achatur yuga, which means "four epochs"or also
termedmaha yugathat means "great epochs". Together a chatur yuga constitutes 4,320,000 human
years and the lengths of each chatur yuga follow a ratio of (4:3:2:1:).

yuga

human years

ratio

krita-yuga

1,728,000 years

treta-yuga

1,296,000 years

dvapara-yuga

864,000 years

kali-yuga

432,000 years

1 chatur yuga (mahayuga)

4,320,000 human years

The ages see a gradual decline ofdharma, wisdom, knowledge, intellectual capability, life span and
emotional and physical strength.

Krita Yuga

Dvapara
Yuga

Treta Yuga

Kali Yuga

other
name

Golden Age or Satya

Yuga (age of Truth)

Silver Age

Bronze Age

Iron Age

human
years

1,728,000

1,296,000

864,000

432,000

climate

virtue reigns supreme

three quarters
virtue and one
quarter sin

one half
virtue and
one half sin

one quarter virtue

and three
quarters sin

human
stature

21 cubits

14 cubits

human
lifespan

lakh of years and

death occurs only
when willed.

lifespan is 10,000
years.

3.5 cubits
lifespan is
1,000 years.

lifespan is 100 or
120 years.

Time of the Devas The Cosmic Years

1 day of the Devas

1 human year

1 month of the Devas

30 days of the Devas

1 year of the Devas (1 divine year)

12 months of the Devas

The lifespan of theDevasis 100 years of the Devas (= 36,000 human years).

Kalpa A Cosmic Day of Brahm

In this cyclic process of time, 1000 chaturyuga or mahayuga period is called aKalpa, and period of time is
equal to a daytime for theBrahma, the creator of the universe. A thousand and a thousand (i.e. two
thousand) chaturyuga-s are said to be one day and night of Brahm (the creator).

1 kalpa

1000 chatur yuga (mahayuga)

1 day and 1 night of Brahm

2 kalpas

At the beginning of creation begins the day of creation. At the end of that goes back all of the creation of
the Absolute. This is a Kalpa a cosmic cycle of becoming and either of creation and destruction.

Manvantara
A cosmic days includes 14 Period or Manvantaras to 306720000 solar years. The next day, a cosmic unity
is aManvantara, there are fourteen pieces. AManumastered such a period. We live in the 7th
Manvantara. Manvantara the first 6 have gone, 7 more will come. In particular, their names are:

01.Svaayambhuva son of the self-born (here began the creation)

02.Svaarochisha son of the Self Shining
03.Uttama Son of the Most High
04.Taamasa Son of Darkness
05.Raivata son of wealth
06.Chaakshusha son of the vision (this was the Quirlung instead of the milk
ocean)
07.Vaivasvata Vaivasvata is the son of the Sun God. <- We currently live
here.

08.Arka Saavarni(orSavarnika) stands with the Sun God in relationship

09.Daksha-Saavarni son of the rituals
10.Brahma-Saavarni son of Brahma
11.Dharma-Saavarni Son of the Eternal Law
12.Rudra-Saavarni son of the Destroyer
13.Deva-Saavarni Son of the Shining
14.Indra-Saavarni son of the mighty Indra

71 cycles of chatur yuga is called amanvantara. At the end of each manvantara period, there comes a
partial devastation period, which is equivalant to the duration of krita yuga. This means after every
manvantara period, the world is partially destroyed and recreated.

1 manvantara

71 cycles of chatur yuga

A Manvantara is one of the 14 sub-units of a cosmic creation and lasts for 710 days or 306720000 solar
years. 306720000 years. A Manvantara is divided into a total of 71 Mahayugas ( "big Yugas"). Currently,
we live the 28th Mahayuga. Mahayuga of the 7th Manvantara. The Mahayugas close to each other
seamlessly, without having a period of twilight to be separated.

Mahakalpa Brahma's Lifespan

Brahma (the creator) lives for 100 years of 360 such days and at the end, he is said to dissolve, along with
his entire Creation, into theParamtman(Eternal Soul). The scriptures put Brahma's age at 100 years in
his unique time scale.
Brahma's life span is equal to 311,040,000,000,000 human years. This period in named as maha kalpa. A
universe lasts only for one maha kalpa period. At the end of it the universe is completely destroyed
together with the creator Brahma and a new universe would be created with a new Brahma. This cycle goes
on endlessly. The Vedic universe passes through repetitive cycles of creation and destruction. During the
annihilation of the universe, energy is conserved, to manifest again in the next creation.

1 maha kalpa

100 years of Brahma (311,040,000,000,000 human years)

Present date in Time

How old is the universe on this day of Brahma?
The currentKali Yugabegan after theSurya Siddhantaat midnight on a change of 17 at18 Februaryin
the year3102 BCin the proleptic Julian calendar. Since the beginning of theKalpauntil the year 2005 AD
passed:
6 complete Manvantaras: 6 x 710
7-Manvantara twilight before a Manvantara each: 7 x 4
27 complete Mahayugas of the current 7th Manvantara: 27 x 10
3 Elapsed Yugas the current 28th Mahayuga: (4 + 3 + 2) x l
5107 solar years in the current Kali Yuga

Kaliyuga calendar
The Kaliyuga calendar is apparently much older than and quite out of line with the other surviving old
calendars. It also has a somewhat special standing because of its linkage with the religious account of the
history of the world, described with mathematical if mind-boggling precision. (It is the last and the
shortest of the four yugas, meant to last for 432,000 years, and has been preceded respectively by three
other yugas, which were in length going backwards two, three and four times as long as the Kaliyuga,
making up a total of 4,320,000 years altogether.)
The epoch (starting point or first day of the zeroth year) of the current era of Hindu calendar (both solar
and lunisolar) is February 183102 BC/BCE in the proleptic Julian calendar or January 233102 BC/BCE in
the proleptic Gregorian calendar. Both the solar and lunisolar calendars started on this date. After that,
each year is labeled by the number of years elapsed since the epoch.
This is a unique feature of the Hindu calendar. All other systems use the current ordinal number of the year
as the year label. But just as a person's true age is measured by the number of years that have elapsed

starting from the date of the person's birth, the Hindu calendar measures the number of years elapsed. As
of May 18, 2005, 5106 years had elapsed in the Hindu calendar, so this is the 5107th Hindu calendar year.
Note that the lunisolar calendar year will usually start earlier than the solar calendar year.

Outline
Prior to the creation of the universe, Lord Vishnu lies asleep on the ocean of all causes. He rests upon a
serpent bed with thousands of cobra-like hoods. While asleep, a lotus sprouts from His navel. Upon this
lotus is born Brahma the creator of the universe. Lord Brahma lives for a hundred years and then dies,
while Lord Vishnu remains. One year of Brahma consists of three hundred and sixty days. At the beginning
of each day Brahma creates the living beings that reside in the universe and at the end of each day the
living beings are absorbed into Brahma while he sleeps on the lotus. On day of Brahma is known as a
KALPA. Within each KALPA there are fourteen MANUS and within each MANU are seventy one CHATURYUGAS. Each CHATUR-YUGA is divided into four parts called YUGAPADAS.
From the first chapter of Surya-Siddhanta, the most revered authoritative source of Hindu astronomy, we
have the following passage:
11. That which begins with respirations (prana) is called real.Six respirations make a vinadi, sixty of
these a nadi:
12. And sixty nadis make a sidereal day and night. Of thirty of these sidereal days is composed a month; a
civil (savana) month consists of as many sunrises;
13. A lunar month, of as many lunar days (tithi); a solar (saura) month is determined by the entrance of
the Sun into a sign of the zodiac; twelve months make a year. This is called a day of the gods.
14. The day and night of the devas are mutually opposed to one another. Six times sixty of them are a
year of the devas.
15 & 16. Twelve thousand of these divine years are denominated a chatur-yuga; of ten-thousand times
four hundred and thirty two solar years is composed that chatur-yuga, with its dawn and twilight. The
difference of the krita-yuga and the other yugas, as measured by the difference in the number of the feet
of virtue in each is as follows:
17. The tenth part of a chatur-yuga, multiplied successively by four, three, two, and one, gives the length
of the krita and the other yugas: the sixth part of each belongs to its dawn and twilight.
18. One and seventy chatur-yugas make a manu; at its end is a twilight which has the number of years of
a krita-yuga, and which is a deluge.
19. In a kalpa are reckoned fourteen manus with their respective twilights; at the commencement of the
kalpa is a fifteenth dawn, having the length of a krita-yuga.
20. The kalpa, thus composed of a thousand chatur-yugas, and which brings about the destruction of all

that exists, is a day of Brahma; his night is of the same length.

21. His extreme age is a hundred, according to this valuation of a day and a night. The half of his life is
past; of the remainder, this is the firsts kalpa.
22. And of this kalpa, six manus are past, with their respective twilights; and of the Manu son of Vivasvat,
twenty seven chatur-yugas are past;
23. Of the present, the twenty eighth chatur-yuga, this krita yuga is past..

Pralaya
ALL THE BEINGS OF THIS UNIVERSE INCLUDING CHATURMUKHA BRAHMA AND
OTHER GODS ARE RULED BY TIME. THEY ARE CREATED, LIVE AND ARE
DESTROYED BY ONE SUPREME AND POWERFUL BEING , WHO HAS NO BIRTH OR
DEATH.
This destruction is of four types:
(1) Nitya Pralaya (2) Naimittika Pralaya (3) Maha Pralaya and (4) Aatyantika Pralaya.
Nitya Pralaya is the sleep or by an extension thereof, Death.
Naimittika Pralaya is the end of a single day of Brahma, when the three worlds (Bhuh:, Bhuvaha: and
Suvaha:) disintegrate.
Maha Pralaya is the great deluge at the end of the age of one Brahma ,which consists of 100 Brahmic Years
(365 Times 2,000 ChaturYugas).
Aatyantika Pralaya is "the final deliverance or the attainment of Salvation by a Jivan and after that the
Jivan is never again in the clutches of Karma nor bound by the tight ropes of Samsara.It is therefore a
variable time span conditioned by the practise of the different kind of Yogas or Prapatti.
After these definitions of Units of Kaala and the alloted life spans of the Humans and Gods, we come to the
concept of Kaala in the Nitya Vibuthi or Sri Vaikuntam. Since, Kaala is omnipresent, it has to be in Sri
Vaikuntam also. However, it does not have the same power as in Leela Vibuthi or the Physical Universe,
which serves as the play ground for Sriman Narayana. Kaala in Sri Vaikuntam is powerless and hence does
not bring about growth, decay or destruction of any thing. Hence all there have eternal existence. Kaala is
helpful there only "to describe one action as taking place before or after another. For instance in the
service that the Muktas do to Sriman Narayana , they give a bath (Snana) at a point of time previous to
that in which they offer food(Bhojana). It is all day there for ever and there is no division into day and
night. Kaala is under the control of Sriman Narayana and he manipulates it as He likes it. It is used as an
Instrument by Him in bringing about the modification of the various objects in Lila Vibhuti."