Chng II

Ed =

CU CUNG & TH TRNG

S CO GIN CA CU
Co gin theo gi
Qdx Px

Px

Qdx
Tnh h s co gin khong

Ed M 1 M 2=

Q 2Q1 P2 + P1

Q2 +Q1 P2P1

Tnh h s co gin im
Ed>1 Cu co gin nhiu
h bin TR
Ed<1 Cu co gin t
Ed=1 Cu co gin n v
Ed=0 Cu hton 0 co gin
Ed= Cu hton co gin

E xy=

Ed M 0=Q ' P

P0
Q0

Dng ch bin t

Tiu dng ti u
Chng IV

K MPL
=
L
MPK

Co gin theo gi cho

TU

=TU ' Q
MU
Q

MUx MUy
=
Px
Py
M =X . Px +Y . Py

L THUYT V DOANH NGHIP

SN XUT TRONG NGN HN

Nng sut TB ca lng

T l thay th bin t k thut

Ei>1 X l hng cao cp

0<Ei<1 X l hng thit yu
Ei<0 X l hng th cp
GNH NNG THU AI CHU?
Ed<Es
Ng tiu th chu thu nhiu hn
Ed>Es
NSX chu thu nhiu hn
Ed=
NSX chu thu hon ton
Ed=0
Ng tiu th chu thu hon ton
Chng III
HNH VI NGI TIU TH
Tng dng ch
TU

Q
APL=
L

Q
=Q ' K
K

MPK MPL
=
Pk
Pl
C=K . Pk+ L. Pl

P ng bin TR
TR khng i (TRmax)

Qdx

Q
=Q ' L
L

MPK=

Nng sut bin t ca vn

MRTS=

MPL=

MPL>APL -> APL tng

MPL<APL -> APLgim
MPL=APL -> APL max
SN XUT TRONG DI HN

Kt hp ti u

Qdx Py

Py Qdx

MPL>0 -> Q tng

MPL<0 -> Q gim
MPL=0 -> Q max

P nghc

Exy>0 X & Y hng ha thay th

Exy<0 X & Y hng ha b sung
Exy=0 X & Y hng ha khng lin quan
Theo thu nhp dn c (I)
Qdx
I

Ei =

Nng sut bin t ca lng

NNG SUT THEO QUY M

> t ng d n
= kh ng i
< gi md n

Q=f(K,L)

Q1=A.K.L

+ =1= Q 2 2 Q 1= k h ng i
+ >1= Q 2 2Q 1=t ng d n
+ <1= Q2 2 Q 1= gi m d n

Tng chi ph
Chi ph trung bnh

Chi ph c nh trung bnh

Chi ph bin i trung bnh

Chi ph bin t
MC>AC -> AC tng

L THUYT CHI PH
Ngn hn
TC=FC+VC

AC=

TC
Q

AFC =

FC
Q

AVC =

VC
Q

MC=

TC VC
=
Q
Q

MC=TC ' Q

MC<AC -> AC gim

MC=AC -> AC min
Di hn

Chi ph trung bnh di hn

Chi ph bin t di hn

LACi=

LTCi
Qi

LMC=

LTC
Q

LMC > LAC -> LAC tng

LMC < LAC -> LAC gim
LMC = LAC -> LAC min
TI A HA LI NHUN
Li nhun v cc ch tiu
Pr = TR TC
TR = QP

Li nhun
Tng doanh thu

AR=

Doanh thu trung bnh

MR=

Doanh thu bin t

Prmax
Chng V
HO
c trng

TR
=P
Q
TR
=TR ' Q
Q

Nguyn tc ti a ha li nhun
MR=MC
TH TRNG CNH TRANH HON
D=MR=AR
ng cu nm ngang
Prmax=TR-TC
MR=MC

Li nhun ti a

- TD ng sx
PS=S(JP*E)
Khi CP nh gi:
-TD ng t/th thay i +A-C
-TD ng sx thay i
-A-B
Ton XH mt mt phc li
-BC
Gi ti thiu
Cha nh gi:
- TD ng t/th CS=S(IP*E)
- TD ng sx
PS=S(JP*E)
Khi CP nh gi:
- TD ng t/th thay i -A-B
-TD ng sx thay i
+A-C
Ton XH mt mt phc li
-B-C
iu tit thu vi cc cty
Cha nh thu:
- TD ng t/th CS=S(IP1E1)
- TD ng sx
PS=S(JP1E1)
Khi CP nh thu t$/vsp :
- TD ng t/th thay i -A-B -A-B
-TD ng sx thay i
-D-C
- CP thu tin thu
+A+D
Ton XH mt mt phc li
-B-C=S(E0E1E2)
Chng VI
TH TRNG C QUYN

MR P(1

Doanh thu bin t

Li nhun ti a

TI THIU L
P=AR<AC
tip tc sn xut
ngng sx
THNG D CA NH SN XUT
TCCNSC(1DN)=S(p*ej)=

PP1
PP2

1
)
Ed

TR TC=Prmax
MR=MC

DN b l
AVC<P<AC
P<AVC<AC

NH GI

t li nhun ti a

MC
P=
1
(1 )
Ed

t li nhun nh mc trn chi ph trung bnh

=S(p*egf)=TR-VC

TDCNSX(TN)=S(P*EJ)
IU TIT CA CHNH PH
Gi ti a
Cha nh gi:
- TD ng t/th CS=S(IP*E)

P=( 1+a ) AC
a: t s li nhun nh mc trn chi ph TB
t sn lng ln nht
P ti AR giao AC c
Qmax
t tng doanh thu ln nht P ti MR=0 c TRmax

Q : Sn lng
P : Gi
1. TR : Doanh thu TR = Q * P
2. TC : Tng chi ph TC = FC + VC
3. FC : CP c nh FC = TC VC = AFC * Q
4. VC : CP bin i VC = TC FC = AVC *Q
5. AFC : CP c nh bnh qun AFC = FC/Q
6. AVC : CP bin i bnh qun AVC = VC/Q
7. AC : CP bnh qun AC = TC/Q = AFC + AVC
8. MC : CP bin MC = TC/Q = (TC)=
(FC+VC)=(FC)+(VC)=0+(VC)
9. MR : DThu bin MR = TR/Q = (TR)
TH TRNG CNH TRANH HON TON
1. Phn tch cn bng :
a/ ng cu (P)
b/ ng doanh thu bin MR : MR = P
c/ ng MC = AC. ng MC ct ng AC ti ACmin
Sn lng : Q1
Gi : P1
max = (TR-TC)= P1*Q1 AC*Q1 = (P1-AC)*Q1
*/ DN ti thiu ha thua l :
- Gi s gi gim t P1 xung P2 (P2=ACmin) DN cn
bng MR=MC
- Sn lng : Q2
- Gi : P2
= Tr-TC= P2*Q2 AC*Q2 (m P2 = AC)
= 0 : DN ha vn
*/ IM HA VN
Nu l mc gi P3 (AVC <P3<AC)
DN cn bng MR3 = MC Q3
Xt P3 : P3 < AC DN thua l
P3 > AVC + DN b vo CPB bnh qun
+ DN d 1 phn b vo CPCnh
+ Nu khng sx l hon ton nh ph
Vy P3 l mc gi l nhng DN cn sx ti thiu ha
thua l

*/ IM NG CA
Nu gi gim xung l P4 = AVCmin
Xt P4< AC : DN l
P4 = AVC: + Ch b CPB bnh qun
+ L ton b CP DN ngng sx

TH TRNG C QUYN HON TON

1. ng cu : P = a.Q + b (a m)
2. ng doanh thu bin :
Doanh thu thu thm khi bn thm 1 SP : MR = TR/Q =
(TR) = (P.Q)
= [(a.Q+b).Q] = (aQ2 +b.Q)
MR = 2a.Q + b
Sn lng : Qmax
Ga : Pmax
max = (TR-TC)= Pmax . Qmax AC .Qmax = (Pmax
AC) . Qmax
3. Chnh Ph qui nh gi trn (Pt) : Pt = P = MC
4. Chnh Ph nh thu khng theo sn lng :
max = TR-TC = Pmax . Qmax AC .Qmax = (Pmax
AC) . Qmax
5. Chnh Ph nh thu theo sn lng :
DN cn bng MR = MC Q3
Sn lng : Qt
Ga : Pt.
= TR-TC = Pt . Qt AC .Qt (1)
Gi s DN cung ng ti Qt khng thu
Sn lng : Qt
Ga : Pt.
= TR-TC = Pt . Qt AC .Qt (2)
1. pt hm cu: Qd = a- bP(b>=0)
2. pt hm cung: Qs= c+dP (d>=0)
3. tt cn bng: Pe=Pd=Ps, Qe=Qd=Qs
4. Cs: thng d tiu dng
Ps: thng d sn xut
NSB: li ch rng x hi = Cs+ Ps
5. S co gin ca cu theo gi: Ed= %dentaQ/%dentaP
- co gin khong: Ed= dentaQ*P/dentaP*Q
dentaQ=Q2-Q1, Q= (Q1+Q2)/2
dentaP= P2-P1, P= (P1+P2)/2
- co gin im: Ed = Q'd*(P/Q)
6. S co gin ca cu theo thu nhp:
- khong: E = dentaQ*I/dentaP*Q
- dim: E = Q'd*(I/Q)
7> S co gin ca cu theo gi cho
- khong : E = %dentaQx/ %dentaQy=
dentaQx*Py/dentaPy*Qx
-im : E = Q' * (Py/Qx)
8. s co gin ca cung theo gi
- khong: Es= %dentaQs/%dentaP=
dentaQs*Ptb/dentaP*Qtb
- im: = Q's*(P/Qs)

9) U: li ch tiu dng
TU: tng li ch
MU: li ch cn bin
denta TU: s thay i v tng li ch
dentaQ: ............................lng hng ha tiu dng
TU= U1 +U2+........................+Un
MU= dentaTU/dentaQ= (TU2-TU1)/(Q2-Q1)
TH c 2 hng ha dch v th: TU= f(x,y)=>MU= TU'
MUx= TU'x, MUy= TU'y
10. T l thay th cn bin trong tiu dng: MRSx/y=
-dentay/dentax= MUx/MUy
11. pt ng ngn sch: M=xPx+yPy. dc ca ng
ngn sch:= -Px/Py
12. iu kin tiu dng ti u: MUx/MUy= Px/Py
13. ngn hn:
nng sut bnh qun (AP): APL=Q/L, APK=Q/K
nng sut cn bin (MP): MPL=dentaQ/dentaL= Q'L,
MPK= dentaQ/dentaK=Q'K
14. di hn:
chi ph bnh qun di hn: LAC=LTC/Q
chi ph cn bin di hn: LMC= dentaLTC/dentaQ

t l thay th KTCB: MRTS(L/K)= -dentaK/dentaL=

MPL/MPK
ng ng ph: C=Kr+Lw
nguyn tc ti thiu ha chi ph trong di hn
MPL/MPK= w/r
15. TR: tng doanh thu
MR: doanh thu cn bin
MC: chi ph cn bin
pi: li nhun
MR= TR'= dentaTR/dentaQ
TR=P*Q, TRmax <=> MR=0 ( ti a ha doanh thu)
pi= TR-TC= (P-AC)*Q, pi max<=> MR= MC
16. Cu trc th trng
AR: DTTB c AR=TR/Q=P
Th trng cnh tranh hon ho: nguyn tc ti a ha li
nhun l MR=MC=P
c quyn: MR=MC
Sc mnh c quyn: L= (P-MC)P( 0=<L=<1)
nh gi: P= MC/(1+1/Ed)