ASME type flange on a gas pipeline

Pipe flanges that are made to standards called out by ASME B16.5 or ASME B16.47
are typically made from forged materials and have machined surfaces. B16.5 refer
s to nominal pipe sizes (NPS) from " to 24". B16.47 covers NPSs from 26" to 60".
Each specification further delineates flanges into pressure classes: 150, 300, 4
00, 600, 900, 1500 and 2500 for B16.5, and B16.47 delineates its flanges into pr
essure classes 75, 150, 300, 400, 600, 900. However these classes do not corresp
ond to maximum pressures in psi. Instead, the maximum pressure depends on the ma
terial of the flange and the temperature. For example, the maximum pressure for
a Class 150 flange is 285 psi, and for a Class 300 Flange it is 740 psi (both ar
e for ASTM A105 Carbon Steel and temperatures below 100F).
The gasket type and bolt type are generally specified by the standard(s); howeve
r, sometimes the standards refer to the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (B&
PVC) for details (see ASME Code Section VIII Division 1 - Appendix 2). These fla
nges are recognized by ASME Pipe Codes such as ASME B31.1 Power Piping, and ASME
B31.3 Process Piping.
Materials for flanges are usually under ASME designation: SA-105 (Specification
for Carbon Steel Forgings for Piping Applications), SA-266 (Specification for Ca
rbon Steel Forgings for Pressure Vessel Components), or SA-182 (Specification fo
r Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Par
ts for High-Temperature Service). In addition, there are many "industry standard
" flanges that in some circumstance may be used on ASME work.
The product range includes SORF, SOFF, BLRF, BLFF, WNRF (XS, XXS, STD & Schedule
20, 40, 80), WNFF (XS, XXS, STD & Schedule 20, 40, 80), SWRF (XS & STD), SWFF (
XS & STD), Threaded RF, Threaded FF & LJ, with sizes from 1/2" to 16".
Other countries
Flanges in other countries also are manufactured according to the standards for
materials, pressure ratings, etc. Such standards include DIN, BS, and/or ISO sta
ndards.
Compact flanges
As the Compact flange size increase it becomes relatively increasingly heavy and
complex resulting in high procurement, installation and maintenance costs. Larg
e flange diameters in particular are difficult to work with, and inevitably requ
ire more space and have a more challenging handling and installation procedure,
particularly on remote installations such as oil rigs.
The principle design of the flange face includes two independent seals. The firs
t seal is created by application of seal seating stress at the flange heel, but
it is not straight forward to ensure the function of this seal.
Theoretically, the heel contact will be maintained for pressure values up to 1,8
times the flange rating at room temperature.
Theoretically, the flange also remains in contact along its outer circumference
at the flange faces for all allowable load levels that it is designed for.
The main seal is the IX seal ring. The seal ring force is provided by the elasti
c stored energy in the stressed seal ring. Any heel leakage will give internal p
ressure acting on the seal ring inside intensifying the sealing action. This how
ever requires the IX ring to be retained in the theoretical location in the ring
groove which is difficult to ensure and verify during installation.
The design aims at preventing exposure to oxygen and other corrosive agents. Thu

s, this prevents corrosion of the flange faces, the stressed length of the bolts
and the seal ring. This however depends on the outer dust rim to remain in sati
sfactory contact and that the inside fluid is not corrosive in case of leaking i
nto the bolt circle void.
Applications of compact flanges
The initial cost of the theoretical higher performance compact flange is inevita
bly higher than a regular flange due to the closer tolerances and significantly
more sophisticated design and installation requirements. By way of example, comp
act flanges are often used across the following applications: subsea oil and gas
or riser, cold work and cryogenics, gas injection, high temperature, and nuclea
r applications.
Vacuum flanges
Main article: vacuum flange
A vacuum flange is a flange at the end of a tube used to connect vacuum chambers
, tubing and vacuum pumps to each other.
Form factor of PDR and CBR flanges.
Microwave
Main article: Waveguide flange
In microwave telecommunications, a flange is a type of cable joint which allows
different types of waveguide to connect.
Several different microwave RF flange types exist, such as CAR, CBR, OPC, PAR, P
BJ, PBR, PDR, UAR, UBR, UDR, icp and UPX.
Ski boots
The extensions at the toe and heel of this ski boot produce flanges used to clip
into the ski bindings.
Ski boots use flanges at the toe or heel to connect to the binding of the ski. T
he size and shape for flanges on alpine skiing boots is standardized in ISO 5355
. Traditional telemark and cross country boots use the 75mm Nordic Norm, but the
toe flange is informally known as the "duckbill". New cross country bindings el
iminate the flange entirely and use a steel bar embedded within the sole instead
.
See also
Casing head
Closet flange
Victaulic
Swivel
References
ASME B16.5
ASME B16.5
ASME B16.5
Further reading
ASME B16.5 Standard Pipe Flanges up to and including 24 inches nominal
ASME B16.47 Standard Pipe Flanges above 24 inches
ASME Section II (Materials), Part A - Ferrous Material Specifications
Nayyar, Mohinder (1999). Piping Handbook, Seventh Edition. New York: McGrawHill. ISBN 0-07-047106-1.
Categories:

PipingPlumbingMechanical engineeringStructural engineeringTrain wheels

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