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38. / used with personal noun when an action of a verb indicates from a person.
Formal speech
39. / indicates the first clause is the assumption or condition of the second clause.
40. / (1) if the person is a first or second person, it indicates the speakers
intention or future fact. In this case, it is only used with an action verb.
41. only or just
42. , / it indicates that the following clause is the opposite result or situation
from the fact in the first clause. Also, it is used to refer to two contradictory facts.
43. / indicates the possibility of an action.
44. / used with an action verb, indicates the ending of the first clause and the
subsequently result in the second clause.
45. (2) this is used to express the assumption or supposition based on the situation or
the state at moment of speaking.
46. used with a noun to compare two objects.
47. / indicates the assumption of the action or state that will take place in the
future.
48. / speaker realized something with exclamation remark.
49. used with an action verb and indicates that the action is ongoing.
50. / used with an action verb and expresses a plan or intention.
51. indicating a period, meaning during a time
52. / used with an action verb, indicates the time when the action occurs. When the
action has been completed use // .
53. used with many types of objects or enumerated nouns, meaning *among
54. ~ it attaches to a noun to indicate quality, time or place etc.
55. Not being able to
56. indicates one action took place before another action.
V-(). (Lets, shall we) used to suggest or propose to do something with the
listener. Cannot be used to someone who is older or higher status, you will use -()
.
V-()? (would you (mind/like to)?, why not?) Is used when politely suggesting
something to the listener or when asking about the listeners preference or intention.
V-()?(1) (want to?, how about?) Used when asking about the listeners
preference or intention or when gently making a request, does not convey polite feeling.
The answer for this can be given in -()? Or -(). Also it can be placed
with ( -()?) ? Means the same just used with negative. Polite
form -()?
Korean Grammar: INTENTION AND PLANA
A/V-()/. ((i) will/am going to, (i) plan to) Expresses the intention or will of the
speaker. The negative - or -
1. When is expresses intention or will, it cannot be used in the third person,
instead ( )
2. -. (should, will) also be used to convey information that something is about to
occur.
V-(). ((I) will do) is used when the speaker want to express a decision or
intention to another person, similar to a promise, and also when actually making a
promise to do something with the other person. It is also used simply to express that the
speaker will do something.
NOTE. The difference between V-() and V-() . V-() a
relationship exists with the listener, and the subjects intention of thought is expressed
while taking the listener into consideration. Whereas V-() no relationship
exists with the listener, and the subjects thought, intention, or plan is expressed indirectly.
V-()(2). (be going to, will) Expresses the fact the speaker has the will or
intention to do something. It used in colloquial language among intimates and does not
confer a feeling of politeness.
Korean Grammar: BACKGROUND INFORMATION AND EXPLANATIONS
A/V-() /(2). (so, therefor or and)Is used when the first clause expresses the
reason or background situation for the second clause and also when the first clause
provides content introducing the second clause.
NOTE. With adjectives use / . When with verbs use .
V-() (2). (when, (do something) only to discover) Expresses the discovery of the
fact described in the second clause as the result of the performing the action described in
the first clause. Only verbs. NOTE. When expresses the result of an action (discover)
and cannot precede it.
Korean Grammar: PURPOSE AND INTENTION
V-() /. (in order) Expresses going or coming to a place to preform an
action, with the action stated in the first clause and the place in the second clause. Only
movement verbs such as , , are used after -().
V-(). ((in order) to, so that) Expresses the intention or plan of the speaker.
Specifically it indicates the speaker will do what is stated in the second clause to
accomplish what is stated in the first clause.
V-() . (plans to, intend to) Expresses the subjects intention or plan that has
yet to be acted upon. The pass tense of this expression is only used when the result is
what was not expected.
N / (), V- (). (for the sake of (in order) to)This pattern is used when
pro-forming an action for the sake of something or to accomplish something. Specifically,
it indicates the speaker will do what is stated in the second clause for the sake of what is
stated in the first clause.
NOTE. V- () cannot be used directly to adjectives. However if -/ has
added to an adjective, making it a verb, then it can be used with V- ()
V- . Expresses the making a promise with another person and is made by
adding - to verb stem. This can also express making a promise to ones self, a
resolution or solution to something.
Korean Grammar: CONDITIONS AND SUPPOSITIONS
V() (-() ). (if you want to, if your intention is to..) Used to express a
plan or intention to do something in the first clause, with the condition required to full fill
that plan or intention given in the second clause.
A/V-/. (even if, regardless whether) indicates that the situation in the second
clause occurs regardless of what the action or state described in the first clause.
Korean Grammar: CONJECTURE
A/V-(2). (looks like, sounds, appears) Is an expression of supposition about a
certain situation or state.
- intuitive, instantaneous supposition made with no reason or basis.
A/V-() (2).(think, will) Expresses the speakers supposition based on a
personal experience or something seen or heard that provides a basis for the belief.
NOTE. When used for supposition it cannot be used in question form.
Supposition based on information known only by the speaker.
A/V-()?(3). (i wonder if, do you think) Expresses in question form the
supposition of an action or state that has yet to happen.
A/V-()//() . (looks/sounds like, appears that) Used when supposing
that something happened in the past or when supposing the occurrence of an action or
situation yet to occur. Use for past, for present, / for future, and / for
present with adjectives.
- supposition based on intuitive, subject reason that can be used in all cases, regardless
of whether there is a reason or basis.
Korean Grammar: CHANGES IN PART OF SPEECH
A/V- (ing). Functions to turn verbs and adjectives into nouns
A-. (in a manner, -ly)Functions as an adverb in a sentence and expresses the
purpose, basis, degree, method of, or some thought about the action that follows.
A-/. (appears (to be), seems)
A-/. (become, turn) Expresses change of state over time.
V- . Expresses a change from one state to another or a change in a situation as a
result of someone elses action or the environment, regardless of the subject.
Korean Grammar: CONFIRMING INFORMATION
. Showing a new action takes place before the previous action is complete.
used to show the performance in the second clause is done by maintaining or
using the content in the first clause .
. Is used in it replaces . .