Temperature and pressure, volume

1.Oxygen gas is held in a 1.00 L tank at a pressure of 12.5 atm. The gas is then released
into 4.00 L tank. At a constant temperature, what is the final pressure in the system?
PV
1 1 PV
2 2
P2

1L 12.5 atm
PV
1 1

V2
4L

3.125 atm
2.The air in a soda bottle has a pressure of 4.25 atm at sea level and a temperature of 25
celsius .
What will be the pressure of it if it's brought to a higher altitude where temperature is just 18
celsius?

P1 P2

T1 T2
P2

18C 4.25 atm

PT
1 2

T1
25C

3.06 atm
3. 5.0 g of neon is at 256 mm Hg and at a temperature of 35 C. What is the volume?
Solution
Step 1: Write down your given information:

P = 256 mmHg

V=?

m = 5.0 g

R = 0.0820574 Latmmol-1K-1

T = 35 C

Step 2: Convert as necessary:

Pressure:

256mmHg (1atm/760mmHg) = 0.3368atm

Moles:

5.0gNe (1mol/20.1797g) = 0.25molNe

Temperature:

35C+273=308K

Step 3: Plug in the variables into the appropriate equation.

V= (nRT/P)
V

0.25mol

Latm
308 K
Kmol

0.3368atm
0.08206

18.76 L
V 19 L
4. What is a gass temperature in Celsius when it has a volume of 25 L, 203 mol, 143.5 atm?
Step 1: Write down your given information:

P = 143.5 atm

V= 25 L

n = 203 mol

R = 0.0820574 Latmmol-1 K-1

T=?

Step 2: Skip because all units are the appropriate units.

Step 3: Plug in the variables into the appropriate equation.
T=PVnR
T

143.5atm 25L
203mol

0.08206

T 215.36 K

Latm

Kmol

5. How much heat, in calories and kilocalories, does it take to raise the temperature of 814g of
water from 18.0oC to 100oC?

q mcVT

814 g (

1cal
)(100C 18C )
g C

6.6748 x104 cal

66.748 kcal

6. What mass of water, in kilograms, can be heated from 5.5oC to 55.0oC by 9.09x1010J of heat?
m q / cVT

9.09 x1010 J
(4.180 J / g C )(55.0C 5.5C )

4.39 x 108 g
4.39 x 105 kg
Isentropy
7. Air with a flow rate of 20 m3/s enters a compressor at p1 = 100 kPa and T1 = 20oC
and is compressed to p2 = 400 kPa. Find the exit temperature.
P1 = 100 kPa
T1 = 20oC

P2 = 400 kPa
T2 = ?

T2 P2

T1 P1

k 1
k

400 KPa
T2 (20 273) K

100 KPa
435.39 K
162.39 C

1.4 1
1.4

INTERNAL ENERGY PROBLEMS

8. In an exothermic process, the volume of a system expanded from 186 mL to 1997 mL against
a constant pressure of 745 torr. During the process, 18.6 calories of heat energy were given off.
What was the internal energy change for the system in joules?

q 18.6 cal x

4.184 J
77.8 J
1 cal

1 atm
10 3 L 101.3 J
w PVV 745 torr x
x 1997 mL 186 mL x
x
760 torr
1 mL 1 L atm
179.8 J
VU q w (77.8 J ) (179.8 J )
258 J

9. A gas at expands from 2.0 L to 6.0 L at a constant pressure of 912 mmHg. If qp was zero in the
process, what would be the change in internal energy?
VU q w
0 J 921mmHg x

1 atm
101.3 J
x 6.0 L 2.0 L x
760mmHg
1 L atm

4.9 x10 2 J

10. A gaseous mixture was enclosed in a piston and cylinder system having a volume of
1545 mL. When a chemical reaction occurred, the volume decreased to 375 mL and
321 calories of heat was absorbed. The external pressure was 753 mmHg. Calculate the change
in enthalpy, work, and the change in internal energy for this system in kJ.
q 321 cal x

4.184 J 1 kJ
x 3 1.34 KJ VH
1 cal
10 J

1 atm
10 3 L 101.3 J 1 KJ
w PVV 753 torr x
x 375mL 1545 mL x
x
x
760 torr
1 mL 1 L atm 1000 J
0.1174kJ
VU q w (1.34 kJ ) (0.117kJ )
1.46 kJ

Buoyancy

What is the buoyant force on a 0.3 m3 box which is fully submerged in freshwater
(density=1000 kg/m3)?

Fb fluidVg
1000 kg / m3 x 0.3m3 x 9.8 m
2940 N

s2