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Reactions under Group II (Hydrogen Sulfide Group)

Reactions
under Group 5+
III (Ammonium Sulfide
Group)
2+
4+
Reagent
As3+
As2+
Sn2+
Sn3+
2+
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
Reactions
under
under
under
Group
Group
under
Group
IIGroup
II(Ammonium
(Hydrogen
(Hydrogen
I (Silver
Sulfide
Sulfide
Sulfide
Group)
Group)
Group)
Reagent
Co
Ni III
Fe Group)
Fe
H2S
As
As
SCr
SnS
2+2+
- brown SnS
3+ - 2+
3+
3+ 2+2+
2S32+
5
25+
Hg
Sb3+
(NH
Reagent
Reage
Reagent
Pb
Al
Cd
Zn
Mn
4)2S
CoS

NiS2Bi
- black
FeS
- black
Hg
FeSb
S
2+
2Cu
3 - black
Ag-+black
Pb2+
2
yellow
yellow
yellow
Soluble:
6M
nt4)2S
H
(NH
2S
Al(OH)
will
not
HgS
--not
white
Sb
Sb2S5CuS

- orange
PbS

black
Cr(OH)
-3
- orange
CdS
ZnS- yellow
- white
MnS
- black
- HCl
2S3
3 - to Biwill
2S3
Soluble:
dilute
Soluble:

Soluble:
Na
S

Soluble:
Na
S,
Soluble:
Na22+
S
HCl,
Na
S
2
2
2 2,
precipitate
in
precipitate
in
AgCl

white
curdy;
yellow
to
brown
to
or
reddish-orange
white
dark-brown
grayish-green
or
(black)
metallic
flesh/salmon

HCl or HNO3 Soluble:


willNa
form
Fe 6M
hot
Soluble: none
Soluble:
2S,none

forming
Na
S
,
NH
OH,
Na
S

forming

forming
2 2 acid
4
2
dilute
acid
dilute
turns
black
to

gray
(black)
when
gelatinous
brownishslowly
turns
to
+
H3,2S(NH
Soluble:
Na
Insoluble:
2SSoluble:
Does not
none HCl, HNO
)2S2S
4Na
PbCl
Insoluble:
Na
2 - white
2S
Na3SbS
precipitate
NaOH
and
Na2SnS3 Hg2Cl2Insoluble:
Na
SnSas
4light
2white
3 curdy
solution
but
solution
but

toNa
black
brown
a
They
do
not
as(black)
Sulfides
to
FeS

exposed
Soluble:
forming
Na
SbS

and
NaOH
2S
precipitate
4
none
Nain
crystalline 3 Insoluble:
2S
soluble
concentrated
soluble
soluble
will precipitate
will precipitate
result
of
because
in
aqueous
solution,
they colorless
Soluble:
NH
2 Soluble:
Soluble:
black
NHnone
none
forming
Na
4OH
soluble
4OH
0.3M
HCl
with
2HgS
Insoluble:

Soluble:
hot
water

colorless
HNO
colorless
colorless
3
+form hydroxides
in
ammoniacal
in
ammoniacal
oxidation
hydrolyze
to
forming
blackens
forming
solubleAg(NH3)2 or
solution,
6M
HCl,
H
Insoluble:
2S
Insoluble:
Na2S ahot
HCl
solution,
solution
solution,
becomes
colorless
Insoluble:
solution.
solution.

Soluble:
Ag(NH
colorless
HgNH
Cl
(white)
+
colorless
solution
HNOHCl
and
3)2Cl
2
3, NaOH
none
Will
Na
Na2S2, NaOH
solution,
excess
NaOH
2S2, NH
4OH,
Insoluble:
0
Pb(OH)
Soluble:
None

Soluble:
None
NH4OH
none
none
solution

Bi(OH)

Cd(OH)

Cu(OH)NO
Hg
(black)
(NH
)
S
diluted
HCl
2
3
2
3
4
2
Insoluble:
NaOH,
precipitate
NaOH and
and 6M HCl
and NH4OAc
(Na
2S), NH4OH

Insoluble:

Insoluble:
white
white
green
andhot
HOAc
basic
Insoluble:
mineral
Insoluble: none
Insoluble:
water
(NH
HNO3 white
from
solution
4)2S and
concentrated
salt
Insoluble:
Insoluble: NH4OH
and NaOH
2(bluish
None
None
dilute
acid
dilute
acid
acids,
Soluble:

Soluble:
HNO

Soluble:

Insoluble:
NH4OH
with
ZnO
3 3 or H
2
HgNH
Sb(OH)
H3SbOnone
HNO23NO3 - white
3SbO
3
4 - white
green)
Reactions
under
Group
IV
(Alkaline
EarthNH
Group)
NH4OH
hot
water
NH
OAc*
and
hot
HCl
excess
OH
none

Co(OH)NO

Ni(OH)NO

Fe(OH)

to

Fe(OH)
2CO
- 3
4
4
3
3
3
3Na
Soluble:
none

both
white
Insoluble:
HCl
Soluble:
acids
(slight)
Soluble: HCl, 2+
2+
Reagent Insoluble:
Ba
Sr2+
Ca2+
Mg

Soluble:
forming
blue
basic
salt
green
basic
Fe(OH)

Hg
I

reddish-brown
green
or

Insoluble:
2 2 NaOH
Soluble: HCl,
Na
Insoluble:
and
NH4OH
2CO3 22
Insoluble:
excess Noprecipitate
No precipitate
Sn(OH)
excess
Sn(OH)NH
2+ 4 (NH4)2CO3
BaCONH
excess
SrCO3NH
4-OH
Cd(NH
CaCO
MgCO
3)
4green
4OH
salt
white
3
3to
3 none
greenish
yellow
excess
Soluble:
Soluble:
4OH
and
NaOH
none

Insoluble:
excess
NH
OH
white
white
4
and 95% AgI
colorless
forming
white
- canary4OH
yellow Soluble:
white
PbI
white
brown in
Mg(OH)
-
2 - yellow to
- air
Soluble:
excess222+KI
NH
Insoluble:
Insoluble:
excess
excess
Al(OH)3 NH
Cr(OH)
solution
Zn(OH)
Mn(OH)
or
NH4
3 Soluble:2
acids
OH
Soluble:
acids
C2H45OH
OH
Cu(NH3)
4
basic
white

Soluble:
none
white
forming
excess
NH
OH

Soluble:
none

Soluble:
NaOH
(excess
4
decomposes
to
form
excess
NH
OH
NH4OH
4
grayish-green
white
white
(OH)
easily
KI NH4Cl
and NaOH
and
NaOH
and
Cu(NH
2
salt
Insoluble:
Co(NH
)42+4OH
forming
3
KI)
Hg0 and
HgI432-)4complex
Insoluble:
Insoluble:
NH
gelatinous
oxidized
to
Soluble:
none

Soluble:
deep
blue
2+
Insoluble:

Insoluble:
none
and
If ethanol
is
dirty
Ni(NH
)4 3SbO
- 3 excess
4
black
colorless
NaOH
Insoluble:
excess
and
yellow
- yellow
Hg
Sb2O
- NH
OH
H3SbO
excess
KI
4
3KI
4 - 2white
MnO
NH
H2O4OH
HgO
Soluble:
none
excess
NH
solution
Insoluble:
excess
NH44OH
OH
excess
solution to
blue solution
added,
MgCO
solution
3
white
light
brown
Soluble:
hot dilute
excess
NaOH,
Sn(OH)
forming - Soluble:
Insoluble:
NaOH
NH

Insoluble:
4OH
No precipitate
excess
No
precipitate

Sn(OH)

reddish
in
2
4
4H
Insoluble:
2O
- Insoluble:
none
Soluble: excess
NaOH, 42+
acids
HCland
Na
Zn(NH3)
Soluble:
none
2CO3
excess
NHon
none
4OH
exposure
white
(NH4)2CO3 none HCl and Na2COwhite
colorless
3
Insoluble:
Insoluble:
none
Cu(OH)
Insoluble:
Pb(OH)
- white
NaOH
2
air 2 excess
Pb(OH)
Bi(OH)
- Hg
2O
white
3 2 acids
2 acids
Cd(OH)
Soluble:
Soluble:
- black
solution

Insoluble:
none
NaOH

AgOH

to
Ag
O

excess
amorphous
2
white
white
white
to
CuO
NH
- 4OH
Insoluble:
NH4OH
excess
excess
No precipitate No precipitate and
No precipitate
and
Mg(OH)
2 Soluble:
none

white
to
brown
Soluble:
NaOH none
to black
none
NaOH
NaOH
NH4OH
Soluble:
Soluble:
Soluble:
white
Al(OH)
Cr(OH)
due
- excess
Soluble
blue
Soluble
3 due
3none
Turbidity
Turbidity
Insoluble:
excess
2NaOH

Soluble:
none

forming
Pb(OH)
and
NH
Cl
NH
OH
2

Soluble:
none
4
4
NH4OH 0 Insoluble:
Insoluble: No precipitate
Insoluble:
gelatinous
if
Soluble
Soluble
(Soluble)
white
grayish-green
Insoluble:
SnCl
to
to No precipitate
2
excess
HgSoluble
2Cl2 to Hg NaOH

decomposes
+
or
Na
PbO

colorless
and NH4Cl
2
2
Insoluble:
excess
forming
NH4
salt
is
none
none
gelatinous
Fe(OH)

Insoluble:
3
excess
NaOH
excess
NaOH
atmospheric
white
to gray (white atmospheric
into
solution
absentNaOH
NaOH
2PbO
2
reddish-brown
HgCl2
excess
CO
COprecipitate
Na
under
No
Hg2Cl2Sulfide
to Hg0 and
(No
2
2
3(AsO
3)3 toHg
black)
HgO
Reactions
Group
III
(Ammonium
Group)

Insoluble:
none
0
Insoluble:
NaOH
Co(OH)
- Ni(OH)
- Fe(OH)
- Fe(OH)
white
Hg

precipitate)
22
22
22white
3 2
Ba(OH)

Sr(OH)

Ca(OH)
Mg(OH)
- Soluble:
none
Ions
Reagents
Results
none
to
gray
blue
3
to
green
NaOH
Soluble:
white
if
acids
white green
white
2(white
if
Hg
white
Cl2 2
to Insoluble:
Al(OH)
- aluminon
apple
Cr(OH)
white
Zn(OH)
- - white
reddish-brown
Mn(OH)
3 Al3+ Ag
none
2SO
NH
and
Al(OH
- white
20- white
4OH
3) Hg
4
2SO4 gelatinous;
K2CrO
4
black)
warming
will
to
(reddish PbCrO

(BiO)
CrO

CdCrO

CuCrO

4
2
4
4
4
concentrated
concentrated
gelatinous
if

Soluble:
none

Soluble:
none

PbSO

white
Hg

white
4
white
grayish-green
white
white
easily
Insoluble:
0
0
0
Adding
black
red-lake
Zn, Al, Soluble:
+ 3
none
aluminon
Soluble:
HNO
Hgchange

gray

Sb

black
Sb

to
pink
brown)
or
yellow
yellow
yellow
brownish-red
solution

Soluble:
solution
none
NH4
salt
is
to gray to
gelatinous
oxidized
Insoluble:
Insoluble:
Soluble: NaOH,
none
Soluble:
Soluble:
formation
Fe in
brown

Insoluble:
none

Insoluble:
none
none

Soluble:
none

Soluble:
none
absent

Soluble:
none

Soluble:
NaOH

Soluble:
HOAc

Soluble:

Soluble:

Insoluble:

Soluble:
H
SO
MnO
Hnone
2
4
excess
2 NaOH
2O Soluble:
S2O3
NaOH

NH4OH and Co(NO3excess


)2 Na2NaOH
excess
Burning:
Co(AlO
acid
2)2 blue ash

Soluble:
none
Na2HPO4 Precipitated
from

Precipitated
from

BaHPO

SrHPO

CaHPO

No
precipitate

forming
and
HNO
NH
OH,
KCN
NH
OH
and
Insoluble:
none

Insoluble:
dilute
HCl
,

Insoluble:
dilute
Insoluble:
4
43 NH4OAc
4
4
4
none
brownHCl ,
and
excess NaOH

forming
forming
light
Insoluble:
solution
22concentrated
solution
concentrated
solution
Naexcess
and
dilute
NaOCl
Insoluble:
white
white
white
2PbO2 or
NaOBr
NaOBr
and acids
NaOCl
NaOH
Insoluble:
Cr(OH)
or and
or
dilute
Soluble:
none
4
4
Insoluble:
none
none
Cr3+
forming
Na2O2-4Zn(OH)
Na2CrO
solution
2 or Na2O2 and NaOH
4 yellow2+
+
of
Ag
of
Hg
Pb(OH)

acids
2
4
Na
HPO
excess
NaOH

Insoluble:
3
4
orNaCrO
Ba3precipitate
PO4
Sr3(PO
Ca23ZnO
(PO4)
MgNH4PO2 4 24)2 2
2 H2O
Insoluble:
Al(OH)
No
NaOH
No
precipitate
Na
SbOCl
SnO(OH)
3 and
Insoluble:
Na2O2
NaAlO
colorless
colorless
NaOH
2
yellow
Oxidized:

Not
affected
Oxidized:

Not
affected
white
white
white
6H2O
NaOH
excess
white
HOAc and
and Pb(OAc)2
white
PbCrO4 -Hg
yellow
2CrO4 solution,
NH4OH
colorless
solution
solution
NaOH
amorphous
amorphous
amorphous
white
Co(OH)
to
Oxidized
in
Fe(OH)
to
PbCrO4 - yellow
2
2
Soluble:
2ClSoluble:
none
H2O
AgHNO
brick
2CrO
Hg(OH)NO
SbOCl - white
orange-red
SbO
- or
white
34 - 3 - white
solution,
crystalline

Insoluble:

Insoluble:
Co(OH)
H
Fe(OH)
3
2O2 Soluble:
3

NaOH

AgNO

Ag
CrO

reddish-brown
excess
acids
3
2
4
(cold);
Insoluble:
brownish-red
and
Soluble:
excess
2forming
excess
HCl
red
Soluble:
excess HCl
K2C2O4
brown
becomes
reddish-brown
Insoluble:
BaCacids
- acids
none
SrC
OSoluble:
none
CaC
Soluble
2Oto
4 black
4 2O
4 Na
2PbO
2 or
brownish-red

Insoluble:
brownish-red
(boiling)
none
K2CrO4 Soluble:
HNO
3
HOAc
and
and tartaric
acid
Insoluble:
Insoluble:
Ni(OH)
- yellowacid
3 tartaric
white none
white
white
soluble
Soluble:
HOAc
none

BaCl

BaCrO

pale
yellow
or
yellow

Soluble:
HNO
2
4
NH
3
K4Fe(CN and
4OH
Pbnone
- Bigreen
[Fe(CN)
]3 and
none
CdSoluble:

Cu
2Fe(CN)
6 HOAc
4Soluble:
solution,
Insoluble:
6HOAc
2Fe(CN)6HNO

Insoluble:
2Fe(CN)
none
6 HNO

Soluble:

3
3

Insoluble:
AgNO
3
(with
difficulty)

Ag
AsO

Ag
AsO

AgCl

white

AgCl

white
)K
3
3
3
3
6

Insoluble:
NaOH
Na
4Fe(CN)
2O2 or 6
yellowishCo
- yellowishNi
white
Fe
amorphous
Fe
Not
affected
Oxidized:
Not
affected
Oxidized:
2Fe(CN)
6 6 - HOAc
2Fe(CN)
6 4[Fe(CN)6]3
and
HCl vanishing
2Fe(CN)
Insoluble:
Insoluble:
Insoluble:
none
yellow
H

CrO
blue
reddish-brown
(if
is in the
2O2, H2SO4 and ether
5

Insoluble:
NaOH
H2O2
white
white
reddish-brown

Soluble:
dilute
green
greenish-white
white
to blue

-Sn
Prussian
Cr(OH)
MnO
4 to
2 H 2O

Insoluble:
none
none
KI
(if
Sn
is in theNone
form
of Cl-)
HgI
42- None
2 - scarlet
Soluble:
HNO
Soluble:
Soluble:
HNO
3red
3
Soluble:
HNO

HNO

Soluble:
(slowly)
blue
CrO
or
HNO
,
dilute
3
3
3

Soluble:
none
Soluble:
none
light
brown
to3 Ag
HOAc
2O Mn2+ AgOH
of Cl-)
and
HNO
NaBiO3and
form
HMnO
solution
(white)
4 purple
NH
Soluble:
none
NH4and
OH
and
NH2 4to
OH
NaCrO
HCl
HCl
and
4OH

Soluble:
none
Soluble:
white
Insoluble:
Insoluble:
HCl

Insoluble:
HCl
K2CrO4
to
brown
BaCrO

SrCrO

CaCrO

Soluble
4
4
4

Soluble:
none
HgNH
Cl
+
2CrO
Pb(OH)
Soluble:
excess KI Insoluble:
2 - white
Insoluble:
Insoluble:
Insoluble:
Na
4
0 2Insoluble:
H2(white)
C2O4
HOAc
and
concentrated
Insoluble:
and
NaOH
and
NaOH
excess
NH
OH
yellow
yellow

yellow
14N4OHg
4H
Ni2+ Soluble:

Soluble:
HOAc

NH
OH
and
C
N
O

NiC
H

or
Ni(C
H
O
N2)2 (black)
or
4
4
8
2
2
8
4
4
7
2
amorphous
forming
K
HgI
or

Insoluble:
2
4
yellow
solution
NH
OH
dilute
HOAc 2+ none
dilute HOAc
none
4
NH
4OH
HOAc
Insoluble: HCl
HOAc
2precipitated
if
precipitated
if
forming
Ag(NH
3)
none
(dimethylglyoxime)
cherry
red
HgO

HgNH
NO
HgISoluble:

soluble
Insoluble:
2
3
4
none
Soluble: NaOH,
in acid
Insoluble:
NH
4O
95%
C2H5OH
95%
C2H5OH
K4Fe(CN)
or
Ag(NH
6
3)2OH

Al

Cr
Zn
Mn
4[Fe(CN)
6]3
4[Fe(CN)
6]3 is
2Fe(CN)
6 is
2Fe(CN)6 colorless
solution

Insoluble:
none
Magnesia

Soluble:
acid
solutions
solutions
and
acetate
K3Fe(CN)g colorless
No3precipitate
MgNH
No
precipitate
No precipitate
4AsO
Co
Fe(CN)
Ni
HOAc
Fe
FeFe(CN)
6 3Fe(CN)
6 43[Fe(CN)
6]2
6 or
H
added
added
solution,
NH
white
HOAc

- grayish
-white
pinkish white
Reactions
under
Group
VNone
(Alkali
Group)(slight)
Insoluble:
Mixture:
0 white
solutions
4OAc,none
Na2SnO2
HNO
None

Bi

black

None
reddish-brown
greenish-white

Turnbulls
Fe(CN)

3
3 and other
green
Soluble: HOAc Soluble:
Soluble: NaOH
HOAc
formed
slowly

Soluble:
HCl
and
NaOH
Reagents
Results
Mg(NOIons
3 )2

Insoluble:
excess
crystalline

Insoluble:
excess
blue
brown solution
Soluble:
none
Soluble:
none
solutions
coldthat
Insoluble:
Insoluble:
Soluble:
dilute Insoluble:
NH4NO
Na3+
inTartaric
Acid (H
No precipitate
HClNH4OH (slight)
2C4H
4O6)NH4OH
in
HCl

Soluble:
dilute
H2O,
dissolves
AgCl
None
None
Insoluble: HCl BiOCl
Insoluble:
solution,
none - HCl None
noneNH4OH
acids
NH4OH
Insoluble:
and
decomposed
HOAc
NaCl,

Insoluble:
none
rapidly
in
hot
white
H2SO4 or
Insoluble:
BaSO
SrSO4 by
CaSO
none
Very Soluble
4 - 2 )6
4precipitate
Na3Co(NO
No
NaOH
NaOH
Insoluble:
solution
(NH4)2SO4
NH
white
white
white

4OH
Soluble: HCl
Soluble: none
none
Soluble: none
precipitated
if

PbS

black

Soluble:
none

More
soluble

Zinc
Uranyl
Acetate
[ZnUO
(OAc)
]

NaZn(UO2)3(OAc)9
(very)
2
4
(NH4)2Mo
Insoluble:
No
precipitate (NH4)3AsO4
No
precipitate
No
precipitate
OH Hg
- black
2S
Insoluble:
95%
C
is
2H5yellow

Ag
S

black
2
(pale)
precipitate
than
BaSO
4

Soluble:
hot
KNO
Insoluble: all

Insoluble:
3
O4
none
12MoO3 4 Immediately
added
H
none
KH2Hot
SbOKNO
O7 and concentrated
NaH2SbO
or Nanone
Soluble:
2S SCN
4 or K
2H2Sb2O7 2HCl
3 2H2Sb2Soluble:
acids
NH
4
yellow

Co(SCN)
or

No
Fe(SCN)
4
3
K3Fe(CN)6 No precipitate No
Soluble:
HCl
No
precipitate
Zn
[Fe(CN)
Mn
3white crystalline
6)2decomposes
3[Fe(CN)6]2
boiling
HCl
NH
OH

Insoluble:
NaOH
or KSCN Insoluble:
4
crystalline
0
(NH4)2Co(SCN)
characteristic
characteristic
blood-red
to Hg +
HgS
-Kyellowish
- light brown
Insoluble:
K+
4 Hazure

is
- yellow
crystalline
2PtCl6
2PtCl6 2+
Insoluble:
and none
acetate solutions
blue
color
if
Fe
solution
color
Soluble:
white

Soluble:
HCl
none
none
in the
absent
Insoluble:
Soluble:
HCl
Flame Test presence
of
Green-yellow
none
Crimson or
Orange red
(slight)
No color
OAc acetone
Those in italicized
came from Sir Martins
PDF. Those
in
parentheses
(slight)

Insoluble:
acetone
or
or yellowishCarmine Red
or dull red
0

AsH
came
from
the
book.
3 + Ag
Insoluble:
none
NaOH, Al,
amyl
greenalcohol
or brick red

None

None

None

colorless
none
AgNO3+
HOAc
K

No
precipitate

No
precipitate

No precipitate
3Co(NO2)6 gas and black
KNO2
yellow
2+

Li+

NH4+

Tartaric Acid (H2C4H4O6)

KHC4H4O6 - yellow crystalline

Na3Co(NO2)6

K2NaCo(NO2)6 - yellow crystalline

Zinc Uranyl Acetate [ZnUO2(OAc)4]

No precipitate

Tartaric Acid (H2C4H4O6)

No precipitate

Na3Co(NO2)6

No precipitate

Zinc Uranyl Acetate [ZnUO2(OAc)4]

No precipitate

Li3PO4
(correct)
white
Soluble: HCl
and NH4OH

Sr3(PO4)2
(wrong)
white
Soluble: HCl
Reprecipitated
in NH4OH

Na2HPO4 and NH4OH

H2PtCl6

(NH4)2PtCl6 - yellow crystalline

Tartaric Acid (H2C4H4O6)

NH4HC4H4O6 - white crystalline

Na3Co(NO2)6

(NH4)2NaCo(NO2)6 NH3 yellow crystalline

Zinc Uranyl Acetate [ZnUO2(OAc)4]

No precipitate

Nesslers Reagent (K2HgI4) (in


alkaline)

NaOH and heat

HgNH2I - brown
HgO HgNH2I - orange or
brownish-red
NH3 + H2O NH4OH
Ammoniacal odor from NH3
Red to blue litmus paper

Flame Tests:
1. K+
Violet
2. Na+
Intense yellow
3. Li+
Crimson or carmine red
4. NH4+
No color
Prepared by: Samuel Joshua C. Cao, 1BMT
Ut In Omnibus Glorificetur Deus!
References: Nuguid, Doria, Pea, Gabona, Dela Cruz (2016). Laboratory Manual in
Analytical Chemistry.
Sir Martin Raemond Mallabos Portable Documents Files

OAc acetone
Those in italicized came from Sir Martins PDF. Those in parentheses
came from the book.

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