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1. INTRODUCTION
Transient stability in power system can be defined as, the ability of power system to
remain in synchronism during severe fault conditions [1]. It means ability of power
system to regain its original pre-fault equilibrium position or another equilibrium
point which is generally in vicinity to pre fault equilibrium point. In 1920, power
system stability is recognized as crucial and important problem [2].
Demand of electrical power is increasing tremendously and it is expected that, in
India the total requirement of electrical power can cross 950,000 MW by year 2030
[3]. Therefore, to supply electrical power continuously to customers, new generation
and transmission system should be developed. But in India, constructing new
transmission line is not always feasible. In addition to the high capital cost involved in
development of transmission system other hurdles are Right of Way (ROW), scarce
land availability and forest clearance, and getting forest clearance takes considerable
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(1)
Where,
Vs & Vr =
Bus voltages
Power angle
Xl =
Line impedance
From equation (1) and phasor diagram (fig. 1 and 2) it is evident that by
decreasing transmission line reactance we can increase the power flow through
transmission line and similarly, effect of series compensation on power angle can be
observed. Due to decrease in transmission line reactance the angle is also reduced
which means we are transmitting more power with reduced power angle. The limits
for power angle are 0 < < 90 [10].
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C. Contol System
The main objective of control system of DSSC is to maintain charge of DC capacitor.
Also to inject voltage in transmission line, in such a way, that injected voltage will be
orthogonal to line current [12]. In this work fuzzy controller is developed to achieve
conditions. Rotor angular difference between two generators and power angle is used
as an input to fuzzy controllers. Block diagram of control system is shown in fig 4.
4. SIMULATION RESULTS
To study effect of DSSC on transient stability two-machine system, shown in fig. 5 is
considered. The system considered consist of two generator with 1000 MVA and
5000 MVA rating. Length of transmission line is 700 km. To study effect of DSSC on
transient stability following two different cases are considered.
A. Without DSSC
The three-phase to ground fault is created at T= 1.1. In this case DSSC is not active in
circuit. Due to three phase fault created near generator one power angle goes on
increasing after T=1.2 and two generators losses synchronism (fig. 6).
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As two generators losses synchronism its effect on rotor angular speed and
machine voltage can be observed in fig.7 and 8. generator one accelerates and
generator two decelerate.
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B. With DSSC
Same fault condition is used to study effect of DSSC on power angle, rotor angular
speed and machine voltage. If system is subjected to severe three phase fault of
duration 0.1 then alone DSSC is unable to maintain synchronism as its primary work
is to enhance power flow capability of transmission line and not transient stability
enhancement. Hence, auxiliary POD controller or power system stabilizer (PSS) is
needed in system to damp oscillation in the rotor speed. In this work, PSS is used to
provide auxiliary damping signal to maintain transient stability.
As shown in fig. 9 power angle oscillates between 73 to 37 and become stable
after T=4 completely and attains the pre fault equilibrium. Similarly effect of fault on
machine voltage and angular speed is shown in fig. 10 and 11. From these results it is
clear that DSSC along with auxiliary controller can maintain transient stability.
Figure 9 Varitation of power angle during 3-phase fault with DSSC and PSS.
Figure 10 Varitation of generator voltage during 3-phase fault with DSSC and PSS.
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Figure 11 Varitation of rotor speed during 3-phase fault with DSSC and PSS
Voltage and current generated by voltage source inverter is shown in fig. 12 and
13 and output voltage of DSSC is shown in fig. 14.
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5. CONCLUSION
To supply continuous electrical power to the customers, maintaining transient stability
is very important. D-FACTS technology provides more reliable approach to enhance
power transfer capabilities and transient stability of power system than FACTS
technology. From two-machine power system simulation results, it is evident that
DSSC along with auxiliary controller can be used to enhance transient stability
without compromising active power flow through transmission line. We have shown,
In case of three phase fault, if DSSC is not active in system, the two generators losses
synchronism. Whereas, if DSSC is active in system during three phase fault, system
stabilizes after few oscillations and generators do not lose synchronism. DSSC
provides cost effective method to enhance the transient stability. In this work, we
have proved that, DSSC with fuzzy logic controller can be used along with PSS as
supplementary controller to mitigate the transient stability problem and by using
DSSC we can transmit more power without violating the transient stability limits.
REFERENCES
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[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
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[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
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[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
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