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CHEE 4301
Nanomaterials and
their characterisation
Lecture 2
Crystal Structure 1
Professor Jin Zou
Contact details: Office Room 75-108
Telephone: 3346 3195
Email: j.zou@uq.edu.au
Lithium Pegmatite
lattice
points
crystal structure
Primitive Cells
Multiple Cells
In 2D case
b 3 variables
0
6 variables
27/07/16
Triclinic System
Monoclinic System
6 variables
4 variables
Orthorhombic System
Tetragonal System
3 variables
2 variables
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Cubic System
Hexagonal System
In the hexagonal system,
a b c, 90 and 120.
c
b
1 variable
2 variables
Crystal
systems
Triclinic
Monoclinic
Orthorhombic
Tetragonal
Cubic
Hexagonal
Rhombohedral
Necessary
conditions
a b c,
a b c, 90
a b c, 90
a b c, 90
a b c, 90
a b c, 90, 120
a b c, ( 90)
2 variables
14 Bravais lattices
Why cubic
does not
have a Ccentred
lattice?
P = primitive
I = body-centred
F = face-centred
C = base (one pair of parallel sides)-centred
27/07/16
Lattice Parameter
In the simple case, the lattice parameter of an
unit cell is determined by the size of atom
In the square lattice, the lattice parameter is the
length of the side of the unit cell a=2Ratom
a
First nearest
neighbours
Second nearest
neighbours
APF( area ) =
2
Ratom
1 4
4
a2
and a = 2 Ratom
Ratom
APF( area ) =
= 0.79 = 79%
Ratom
and a = 2 2r
APF( vol ) =
3 2
= 0.74 = 74%
Packing Structures
What is the APF
of close-packed
layer (assuming
2D)?
Simple Cubic
Simple
Hexagonal
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Hexagonal close-packed
structure
B
A
http://www.physics-in-a-nutshell.com/article/11#the-hcp-structure
Homework
Many elements, such as C, Si and Ge, have a
special structure Diamond structure, a special FCC
structure containing 8 atoms (of the same kind) in
each unit cell. As a result, there are two atoms relate
to each lattice point.
Do your literature search (from internet) to find out
and draw the diamond structure.
Based on the obtained structure, determine
the numbers of first and second nearest neighbours
the lattice parameter (assume r is the radius of the
atom)
the atomic packing fraction
Websites
http://www.matter.org.uk/matscicdrom/manual/xl.html
http://www.msm.cam.ac.uk/phase-trans/2001/
intro.cryst.pdf