NEW WORK ITEM PROPOSAL

Closing date for voting

2016-03-29

Date of circulation

2016-01-29
Secretariat

ISO/TC 135/SC 3

Reference number
(to be given by the Secretariat)

ISO/TC 135 / SC 3 N

124

Proposal for new PC

A proposal for a new work item within the scope of an existing committee shall be submitted to the secretariat of that committee with a copy to
the Central Secretariat and, in the case of a subcommittee, a copy to the secretariat of the parent technical committee. Proposals not within the
scope of an existing committee shall be submitted to the secretariat of the ISO Technical Management Board.
The proposer of a new work item may be a member body of ISO, the secretariat itself, another technical committee or subcommittee, or
organization in liaison, the Technical Management Board or one of the advisory groups, or the Secretary-General.
The proposal will be circulated to the P-members of the technical committee or subcommittee for voting, and to the O-members for information.

IMPORTANT NOTE: Proposals without adequate justification risk rejection or referral to originator.
Guidelines for proposing and justifying a new work item are contained in Annex C of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1.

The proposer has considered the guidance given in the Annex C during the preparation of the NWIP.
Proposal (to be completed by the proposer)
Title of the proposed deliverable.

(in the case of an amendment, revision or a new part of an existing document, show the reference number and current title)

English title

Non-destructive testing - Test method for measuring residual stress using ultrasonic critical refracted
longitudinal wave

French title
(if available)

Scope of the proposed deliverable.

This standard specifies the personnel requirements, summary of method, test system requirement, calibration of the stress
coefficient K, test preparation, testing process, compensation and calibration, and test report of test method for measuring
residual stress using ultrasonic critical refracted longitudinal wave.
This standard applies to test residual stress such as generated by metal welding and manufacturing in the field of oil and gas
pipeline, bridge, vehicle, electric power, aerospace, engineering machinery and shipping industry.It also applies to test
natural stress and residual stress generated by manufacturing in nonmetal such as glass, ceramics, composite material,
energetic material.

FORM 4 (ISO) v. 2013

Page 1 of 3

New work item proposal

Purpose and justification of the proposal*

Residual stress is a kind of inherent stress popularly in materials, which plays very important role for properties of
mechanical components in service.Usually the influence of tensile residual stress is harmful and compressive is beneficial.
Therefore, it is very important to identify the state of residual stress in mechanical component by exploring the effective and
non-destructive testing method for residual stress.
Ultrasonic testing is sole way to nondestructively and quantitatively test the internal stress inner materials.
In order to solve the problem of NDT of residual stress, ultrasonic detector and testing technique of residual stress were
developed and used widely in industrial area up to now. So a drafted standard for NDT of residual stress is proposed in
order to spread this method world-widely.
*The reason for requiring justification statements with approval or disapproval votes is primarily to collect input on market or stakeholder
needs, and on market relevance of the proposal, to benefit the development of the proposed ISO standard(s). Any NSB vote in relation to a
proposal for new work may result in significant commitments of resources by all parties (NSBs, committee leaders and delegates/experts) or
may have significant implications for ISO's relevance in the global community. It is especially important that NSBs consider and express
why they vote the way they do. In addition, it is felt that it would be useful for ISO and its committees to have documentation as to why the
NSBs feel a proposal has market need and market relevance. Therefore, please ensure that your justifying statements with your approval or
disapproval vote convey the reason(s) why your national consensus does or does not support the market need and/or global relevance of
the proposal.

If a draft is attached to this proposal,:

Please select from one of the following options (note that if no option is selected, the default will be the first
option):

Draft document will be registered as new project in the committee's work programme (stage 20.00)
Draft document can be registered as a Working Draft (WD stage 20.20)
Draft document can be registered as a Committee Draft (CD stage 30.00)
Draft document can be registered as a Draft International Standard (DIS stage 40.00)
Is this a Management Systems Standard (MSS)?
Yes

No

NOTE: if Yes, the NWIP along with the Justification study (see Annex SL of the Consolidated ISO Supplement) must be sent
to the MSS Task Force secretariat (tmb@iso.org) for approval before the NWIP ballot can be launched.
Indication(s) of the preferred type or types of deliverable(s) to be produced under the proposal.
International Standard

Technical Specification

Proposed development track

1 (24 months)

Publicly Available Specification

2 (36 months - default)

Technical Report

3 (48 months)

Known patented items (see ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 for important guidance)
Yes

No

If "Yes", provide full information as annex

A statement from the proposer as to how the proposed work may relate to or impact on existing work, especially
existing ISO and IEC deliverables. The proposer should explain how the work differs from apparently similar work,
or explain how duplication and conflict will be minimized.

The "ISO/TS 21432:2005 (E), Non-destructive testing - Standard test method for determining residual stresses by neutron
diffraction" is also a ISO standard for NDT of residual stress, but it is using the method of neutron diffraction. Our
proposed a new method using ultrasonic wave and which can be easily used in situ or components in service. So, it is very
different from the existing work, and no duplication and conflict.
A listing of relevant existing documents at the international, regional and national levels.
There is one relevant existing document in China (it is a drafting of China's national standards), The free download website
is http://www.chinandt.org.cn
The document name is: Non-destructive testingTest method for measuring residual stress using ultrasonic critical
refracted longitudinal wave

FORM 4 (ISO) v. 2013

Page 2 of 3

New work item proposal

A simple and concise statement identifying and describing relevant affected stakeholder categories (including small
and medium sized enterprises) and how they will each benefit from or be impacted by the proposed deliverable(s)

Due to the ultrasonic method is a fast and economic method, this proposed deliverable will help enterprises correct using of
ultrasonic to test residual stress.
Liaisons:

Joint/parallel work:

A listing of relevant external international organizations

or internal parties (other ISO and/or IEC committees) to
be engaged as liaisons in the development of the
deliverable(s).

Possible joint/parallel work with:

No

IEC

(please specify committee ID)

CEN

(please specify committee ID)

Other

(please specify)

A listing of relevant countries which are not already P-members of the committee.

No relevant country.
Preparatory work (at a minimum an outline should be included with the proposal)
A draft is attached

An outline is attached

An existing document to serve as initial basis

The proposer or the proposer's organization is prepared to undertake the preparatory work required
Proposed Project Leader (name and e-mail address)

Prof. Chunguang Xu
E-mail: xucg@bit.edu.cn

Yes

No

Name of the Proposer

(include contact information)

Mr. Peilu
jplpl@sina.com

Supplementary information relating to the proposal

This proposal relates to a new ISO document;
This proposal relates to the adoption as an active project of an item currently registered as a Preliminary Work Item;
This proposal relates to the re-establishment of a cancelled project as an active project.
Other:

Annex(es) are included with this proposal (give details)

Description and draft

FORM 4 (ISO) v. 2013

Page 3 of 3

The description of draft ISO standard

The draft international standard is Non-destructive testingTest method for
measuring residual stress using ultrasonic critical refracted longitudinal wave.
Residual stress is a kind of inherent stress, which can keep the internal balance
when the component no external factors. Mechanical component in the process of
production inevitably produces residual stress by extrusion, drawing, rolling,
correction, cutting, grinding, surface rolling, shot peening or hammer, and the hot
working of welding, cutting, and so on. Usually, the influence of residual stress is
harmful. For example, under the joint action of residual stress, working temperature
and working medium, the fatigue strength, brittle fracture resistance, stress corrosion
cracking resistance and size stability of the mechanical component will be greatly
reduced. At the same time, the residual stress of surface accumulation will lead to
crack formed in surface or sub-surface of mechanical component. The near surface
defects which hidden in the mechanical component seemed more covert and dangerous,
and tend to begin rupture. As a result, It is very important to improve the state of
residual stress in mechanical component by exploring the effective method for testing
residual stress.
The technology of residual stress testing began in 1930s. It has formed dozens of
testing methods by now. It can be divided into three categories such as damage, half
damage and non-damage method. The damage method includes section-cutting,
contour method and so on; the half damage method includes blind hole, ring core, deep
hole and so on. The damage and half damage method belong to the category of stress
release. The non-damage method includes X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction,
magnetic measurement, scanning electron acoustic microscope method and ultrasonic
and so on. In 2012, after analyzing all kinds of testing methods, professor Rossini in
Italian inclined that ultrasonic method has the characteristics of high resolution, high
penetration and harmless to human body. It is one of the most promising technology to
nondestructive test residual stress.
Ultrasonic stress testing is based on the linear relationship between ultrasonic
wave velocity and stress. The relationship is acoustoelasticsticity effect among elastic
limit of materials. This technical specification gives the standard test method for
determining residual stresses in isotropic materials by using ultrasonic critical refracted
longitudinal wave. This standard is applicable to residual stress non-destructive testing
in the surface and close to the surface of isotropic metallic and non-metallic materials
(e.g. glass, ceramic).
Ultrasonic testing is sole way to nondestructively and quantitatively test the
internal stress inner materials. In order to solve the problem of NDT of residual stress,
ultrasonic detector and testing technique of residual stress were developed and used
widely in industrial area up to now. So a drafted standard for NDT of residual stress is
proposed in order to spread this method word-widely.
This standard is prepared by Beijing Institute of Technology. It mainly drafted by
Chunguang Xu, Dingguo Xiao, Wentao Song, Huanxin Li, Qinxue Pan, Liu Shuai.
This work was sponsors by Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51275042).

ISO XXXX:XXXX

Non-destructive testingTest method for measuring residual

stress using ultrasonic critical refracted longitudinal wave

Warning
This document is not an ISO International Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is
subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an International Standard.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant
patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.

ISO XXXX:XXXX

Foreword

ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a world-wide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO
collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International
Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting.
Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75% of the member bodies casting
a vote.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the
subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
ISO XXXX:XXXX was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Ultrasonic testing.

ISO XXXX:XXXX

Non-destructive testingTest method for measuring residual

stress using ultrasonic critical refracted longitudinal wave
1

Scope

This standard specifies the test method for measuring residual stresses by using ultrasonic
critical refracted longitudinal wave (or called creeping wave).
This standard is applicable to the residual stress or loading stress non-destructive test for
metallic and non-metallic solid materials or components which has good acoustic
permeability.
2

Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document(including any amendments) applies.
ISO 5577:2000, Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic inspection - Vocabulary
ISO 6892-1:2009: Metallic materials - Tensile testing. Method of test at ambient temperature
ISO 12715:2014: Non-destructive testing - Ultrasonic testing - Reference blocks and test
procedures for the characterization of contact probe sound beams
3

Terms and definitions

The terms and definitions given in ISO 5577:2000, DIN EN 10052-1994 are all applicable to
this standard.
4

Personnel requirements

The person who will use this standard to test product, have to be trained on this standard and
on the technique of measuring residual stress with ultrasonic critical refracted longitudinal
wave.
5

Method principle

As shown in figure 1, according to Snells law, refraction phenomenon occurs when

2

ISO XXXX:XXXX

ultrasonic longitudinal wave oblique incident from a medium with slower wave velocity into
another medium with faster wave velocity. If the longitudinal wave refraction angle is 90,
the longitudinal refracted wave will propagate along the surface of the second medium. This
longitudinal refracted wave is named Lcr wave, and the corresponding incident angle is
called first critical angle. Residual stress (hereinafter abbreviated as stress) in materials affect
the propagation velocity of Lcr wave. Generally, when the stress direction is the same as the
wave propagating direction, tensile stress reduce the propagation velocity of Lcr wave while
compressive stress increase the propagation velocity. If the distance of transmit and receive
transducer is fixed and the transit time corresponding zero stress 0 and measure stress

is t0 and t , the stress along the Lcr wave direction in surface layer of the test
material can be calculated as

or

0 = K (t t0 )

(1)

= K t

(2)

Where K is defined the stress coefficient, and should be calibrated for every material.
and t are stress difference and transit time difference respectively.

The measured stress value in accordance with this standard is the surface layer stress
average of the sampling region along the Lcr wave propagate direction.

Figure 1 principle and measuring region of Lcr wave stress measurement method
6

Measurement system

6.1 Test instrument

3

ISO XXXX:XXXX

The stress testing instrument should at least have the following functions:
a) Frequency setting
b) Signal filtering
c) Transmitting voltage control
d) Receiving gain control
e) Lcr wave transit time and stress calculation
Performance of the test instrument should be calibrated periodically to ensure the measured
value accurate. The calibration interval should be no longer than one year.
6.2 Test probe

6.2.1 The testing probe should be able to transmit and receive Lcr wave.
6.2.2 The ultrasonic transducers (at least 2 transducers) in the probe should be tested
according to ISO 12715:2014. Their performance characteristics should be the same.
6.2.3 The probe used for stress test should be the same one when calibrate the stress
coefficient and the zero stress transit time.
6.2.4 The contact surface of the probe should engage well with the material surface to be
tested. If necessary curved probe contacting surface should be adopted.
6.3 Couplant
Couplant should be used to make the stable and reliable acoustic coupling between the
ultrasonic transducer probe and the material surface within the working temperature range.
The same couplant should be used in stress testing, zero stress calibration and stress
coefficient calibration.
6.4 Zero stress specimen
6.4.1 Material
The metallurgical composition and texture as well as the surface roughness of the specimen
material should be the same as those of the material to be tested..
6.4.2 Shape and dimensions
Shape and size of the specimen should be as shown in figure 2. The dimension range are
shown in table 1. Dimension tolerance is 0.1mm. The Ra surface roughness of
calibration region should less than 10 m.

ISO XXXX:XXXX

Figure 2 specimen

Table 2 the sizes range of specimen (unit: mm)

thickness
(a)

width
(b)

Cornering radius
(r)

parallel length
(Lc)

total length
(Lt)

Width
(B)

h1

310

1540

20

60240

170350

3060

15

4060

6.4.3 Stress relief

In order to relax the residual stress in the specimen, annealing treatment or vibration aging
treatment should be done to the specimen.
7

Testing procedure

7.1 Prepareration
7.1.1 Test region
The stress tested with the method specified in this standard is the average of the stress in
the surface layer region covered by the probe. The test region dimension is determined by
the transducer size, transducer frequency and the distance of the transmit and receive
transducer, shown as Fig. 1. The length L of the region is equal to the distance of transmit
and receive transducer (usually 5mm~100mm), the width W of the region is equal to the
beam width of the transducer, the depth D of the region is determined by transducer
frequency and can be calculated with the experimental equation

D = f 0.96

Where D penetration depth of the Lcr wave mm

f center frequency of the transducer MHz

5

ISO XXXX:XXXX

penetrating coefficient mm/ns for common metal, = 5.98

steel
aluminum = 6.40 copper = 4.81

7.1.2 Test Probe Prepare

Design the ultrasonic transducer layout according to the test region description in 7.1.1.
7.1.3 Test Surface Prepare
The Ra surface roughness of the test spot should be less than 10 m.
7.2 Test Instrument adjustment and setting
Operate the test instrument according to its operating manual, make it working normally.
Set test frequency, filtering bandwidth, transmitting voltage, receiving gain, transducer
distance and probe position according to the test region (7.1.1) requirement.
7.3 Calibration of the stress coefficient
Adjust and set the instrument according to the description of 7.2, steadily couple the probe
to the calibration region of the zero stress specimen (6.4), Carry out the tensile test
according to the method defined in ISO 6892-1:2009 with ambient temperature at 222.
Carry out the tensile test with ambient temperature at 222. Measure stress and transit
time increment and t at least 10 point in the elastic stress range of the material , repeat
tensile test at least 5 times and take the average of measured stress and transit time
increment as calibration data. Figure 3 shows a example calibration data, the relationship
between transit time increment t and stress increment . linear fitting method should
be used to process the stress and transit time data to obtain the fitting line. The reciprocal of
the fitting line slope is the calibrated stress coefficient K .

Figure 3 relationships between tensile stress and transit time

(Test conditions are as follows: the frequency of transducers are 5MHz, the transit distance between
transducers is 30mm, the material of the specimen is 45# cold rolled steel and environment temperature is
23)
6

ISO XXXX:XXXX

7.4 Zero Stress transit time calibration

Adjust and set the instrument according to the description of 7.2, steadily couple the probe
to the calibration region of the zero stress specimen (6.4). Record the Lcr wave transit time
t0 corresponding to zero stress.
7.5 Stress Measurement
7.5.1 Adjust and set the instrument according to the description of 7.2, Couple the probe
prepared according to 7.1.2 to the measurement position.
7.5.2 Record the Lcr wave transit time t in test material.
7.5.3 Calculate the stress or if 00in the tested material using equation (1) or (2).
Positive value indicate tensile stress and negative value indicate compressive stress.
8

Temperature compensation and correction

The temperature difference when conducting stress measuring and when conducting
calibration should be no more than 15 and the measurement error deduced by
temperature variation should be corrected. If the test temperature is out of this range,
special probe and couplant should be used and the stress coefficient and zero stress transit
time should be calibrated accordingly.
Temperature variation will cause Lcr wave speed change and then cause stress
measurement error. To assure the measurement accuracy, the measurement error deduced
by temperature variation should be corrected. To implement the compensation the
relationship between temperature and Lcr wave speed(or the transit time for specific probe)
should be found from experiment or material data manual.
9

Test report

The items in the test report should at least include

a) Test agency, Test personnel, Testing date,
b) Tested material, thickness, surface roughness and curvature description,
c) Probe center frequency, transducer distance, Instrument filtering bandwidth and gain,
d) Test temprature
e) Ttest spot location, and orientation, test region size,
f) The measured stress value.