Moment of Inertia - Composite Areas PDF

CIVL 2131
- Statics
Moment
of Inertia
Composite Areas
A math professor in an unheated room

is cold and calculating.
Radius of Gyration
This
actually sounds like some sort of rule

for separation on a dance floor.
It actually is just a property of a shape and
is used in the analysis of how some
shapes act in different conditions.
Moment of Inertia - Composite Area
Monday, November 26, 2012
Radius of Gyration
The
radius of gyration, k, is the square root

of the ratio of the moment of inertia to the
area
kx =
ky =
kO =
3
Ix
A
Iy
A
JO
=
A
Ix + Iy
A
Parallel Axis Theorem

If
you know the moment of inertia about a

centroidal axis of a figure, you can
calculate the moment of inertia about any
parallel axis to the centroidal axis using a
simple formula
I y = I y + Ax
I x = I x + Ay 2
4

Since
we usually use the bar over the

centroidal axis, the moment of inertia
about a centroidal axis also uses the bar
over the axis designation
I y = I y + Ax 2
I x = I x + Ay 2
5

If
you look carefully at the expression, you

should notice that the moment of inertia
about a centroidal axis will always be the
minimum moment of inertia about any axis
that is parallel to the centroidal axis.
I y = I y + Ax
I x = I x + Ay 2
6

In
a manner similar to that which we used

to calculate the centroid of a figure by
breaking it up into component areas, we
can calculate the moment of inertia of a
composite area
I y = I y + Ax 2
I x = I x + Ay 2

Inside
the back cover of the book, in the

same figure that we used for the centroid
calculations we can find calculations for
moments of inertia
I y = I y + Ax
I x = I x + Ay 2
8
I y = I y + Ax 2
I x = I x + Ay 2
HERE
IS A CRITICAL MOMENT OF
CAUTION
REMEMBER HOW THE PARALLEL AXIS
IS WRITTEN
IF THE AXIS SHOWN IN THE TABLE IS
NOT THROUGH THE CENTROID, THEN
THE FORMULA DOES NOT GIVE YOU
THE MOMENT OF INERTIA THROUGH
THE CENTROIDAL AXIS
9
I y = I y + Ax 2
I x = I x + Ay 2
By
example
The Iy given for the Semicircular area in
the table is about the centroidal axis
The Ix given for the same Semicircular
area in the table is not about the centroidal
axis
10
Using The Table

We
want to locate the moment of inertia in

the position shown of a semicircular area
as shown about the x and y axis, Ix and Iy
y
10"
x
11
Using the Table

First,
we can look at the table and find the

Ix and Iy about the axis as shown
10"
x
12
Using the Table

In
this problem, the y axis is 8 from the y

centroidal axis and x axis is 6 below the
base of the semicircle, this would be
usually evident from the problem
description
5"
y
8"
10"
6"
x
13
Using the Table

Calculating
the Iy you should notice that

the y axis in the table is the centroid axis
so we wont have to move it yet
1
Iy = r4
8
1
4
I y = ( 5in )
8
I y = 245.44in 4
14
5"
10"
x
Using the Table

Next
A=
we can calculate the area
( 5in )
2
y
2
A = 39.27in 2
15
5"
10"
x
Using the Table

If
we know that distance between the y

axis and the ybar axis, we can calculate
the moment of inertia using the parallel
axis theorem
5"
y
2
8 in
y
x
I y = I + Ad
16
6in
I x = I x + Ad y 2
10"
2.12"
Using the Table

I
changed the notation for the distances

moved to avoid confusion with the
distance from the origin
I y = I y + Ad x 2
8 in
10"
6in
I x = I x + Ad y 2
17
5"
2.12"
Using the Table

The
axis we are considering may not

always be a the origin.
I y = I y + Ad x 2
18
8 in
6in
I x = I x + Ad y 2
5"
10"
2.12"
Using the Table

If
the y axis is 8 inches to the left of the

centroidal axis, then the moment of inertia
about the y axis would be
I y = I y + Ad x2
I y = 245.44in 4 + ( 39.27in 2 ) (8in )
8 in
10"
6in
I y = 2758.72in 4
19
5"
2.12"
Using the Table

The
moment of inertia about the x axis is a

slightly different case since the formula
presented in the table is the moment of
inertia about the base of the semicircle,
not the centroid
5"
y
8 in
6in
20
10"
2.12"
10
Using the Table

To
move it to the moment of inertia about

the x-axis, we have to make two steps
I x = I base A ( d base to centroid )
21
5"
y
8 in
10"
6in
I x = I x + A ( d centroid to x-axis )
2.12"
Using the Table

We
can combine the two steps

I x = I base A ( d base to centroid ) + A ( d centroid to x-axis )

2
5"
y
8 in
6in
22
10"
2.12"
11
Using the Table

Dont
try and cut corners here

You have to move to the centroid first

I x = I base A ( d base to centroid ) + A ( d centroid to x-axis )

2
5"
y
8 in
6in
23
10"
2.12"
Using the Table

In
this problem, we have to locate the y

centroid of the figure with respect to the
base
We can use the table to determine this
4r 4 ( 5in )
y=
=
3
3
y = 2.12in
This ybar is with respect the base of

the object, not the x-axis.
5"
y
8 in
6in
24
10"
2.12"
12
Using the Table

Now
the Ix in the table is given about the

bottom of the semicircle, not the centroidal
axis
That is where the x axis is shown in the
table
5"
y
8 in
6in
10"
25
2.12"
Using the Table

So
you can use the formula to calculate

the Ix (Ibase) about the bottom of the
semicircle
26
5"
8 in
6in
1
I base = r 4
8
1
4
I base = ( 5in )
8
I base = 245.44in 4
10"
2.12"
13
Using the Table

Now
we can calculate the moment of

inertia about the x centroidal axis
2
I base = I x + Ad base
to centroid
2
I x = I base Ad base
to centroid
I x = 245.44in 4 ( 39.27in 2 ) ( 2.12in )
I x = 68.60in 4
5"
y
8 in
6in
10"
27
2.12"
Using the Table

And
we can move that moment of inertia

the the x-axis
2
I x = I x + Ad centroid
to x-axis
I x = 68.60in 4 + ( 39.27in 2 ) ( 6in + 2.12in )

I x = 2657.84in 4
5"
y
8 in
6in
28
10"
2.12"
14
Using the Table

The
polar moment of inertia about the

origin would be
JO = I x + I y
J O = 2657.84in 4 + 2758.72in 4
J O = 5416.56in 4
5"
y
8 in
6in
29
10"
2.12"
Another Example
We
can use the parallel axis theorem to

find the moment of inertia of a composite
figure
30
15
Another Example
y
6"
3"
6"
x
6"
31
Another Example
We
can divide up the area into smaller

areas with shapes from the table
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
32
16
Another Example
Since the parallel axis theorem will require the area for
each section, that is a reasonable place to start
ID
I
II
III
Area
(in2)
36
9
27
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
33
Another Example
We can locate the centroid of each area with respect
the y axis.
ID
Area
xbari
(in2)
(in)
36
II
III
27
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
34
17
Another Example
From the table in the back of the book we find that the
moment of inertia of a rectangle about its y-centroid
axis is
3
y
6"
3"
y
1
I = bh
12
ID
Area
xbari
(in2)
(in)
36
II
III
27
35
6"
I
II
III
6"
6
Another Example
In this example, for Area I, b=6 and h=6
1
3
6
in
6
in
( )( )
12
I y = 108in 4
Iy =
ID
36
Area
xbari
(in2)
(in)
36
II
III
27
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
6
18
Another Example
For the first triangle, the moment of inertia calculation
isnt as obvious
y
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
37
Another Example
The way it is presented in the text, we can only find
the Ix about the centroid
6"
x 6"
3"
II
III
b
38
6"
19
Another Example
The change may not seem obvious but it is
just in how we orient our axis. Remember an
axis is our decision.
h
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
h
39
Another Example
So the moment of inertia of the II triangle can
be calculated using the formula with the
correct orientation.
1 3
bh
36
1
3
I y = ( 6in )( 3in )
36
I y = 4.5in 4
Iy =
40
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
20
Another Example
The same is true for the III triangle
1 3
bh
36
1
3
I y = ( 6in )( 9in )
36
I y = 121.5in 4
Iy =
41
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
Another Example
Now we can enter the Iybar for each sub-area into the
table
SubArea
42
Area
xbari
Iybar
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
36
108
II
4.5
III
27
121.5
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
21
Another Example
We can then sum the Iy and the A(dx)2 to get
the moment of inertia for eachy sub-area
6"
3"
I
6"
II
III
SubArea
Sub-Area
43
I
II
III
6"
Area
xbari
Iybar
A(dx)2
Iybar +
A(dx)2
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
(in4)
(in4)
36
108
324
432
II
4.5
441
445.5
III
27
121.5
972
1093.5
Area
xbari
(in2)
36
9
27
(in)
3
7
6
A(dx )2 Iy bar + A(dx )2
Iy bar
(in4)
108
4.5
121.5
(in4)
324
441
972
(in4)
432
445.5
1093.5
1971
Another Example
And if we sum that last column, we have the
Iy for the composite figure
y
6"
6"
3"
II
III
SubArea
Area
xbari
Iybar
A(dx)2
Iybar +
A(dx)2
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
(in4)
(in4)
36
108
324
432
II
4.5
441
445.5
III
27
121.5
972
1093.5
6"
1971
44
22
Another Example
We perform the same type analysis for the Ix
ID
6"
6"
I
II
Area
(in2)
36
9
27
I
II
III
45
3"
III
6"
Another Example
Locating the y-centroids from the x-axis
Sub-Area
I
II
III
46
Area
(in2)
36
9
27
ybari
(in)
3
2
-2
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
23
Another Example
Determining the Ix for each sub-area
Sub-Area
Area
ybari
Ixbar
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
36
108
II
18
III
27
-2
54
47
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
Another Example
Making the A(dy)2 multiplications
SubArea
48
6"
6"
3"
II
Area
ybari
Ixbar
A(dy)2
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
(in4)
36
108
324
II
18
36
III
27
-2
54
108
III
6"
24
Another Example
Summing and calculating Ix
SubArea
Area
)2
A(dy
Ixbar +
A(dy)2
ybari
Ixbar
(in2)
(in)
(in4)
(in4)
(in4)
36
108
324
432
II
18
36
54
III
27
-2
54
108
162
6"
6"
3"
II
III
6"
648
49
Homework
Problem
10-27
Problem 10-29
Problem 10-47
50
25

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CIVL 2131

A math professor in an unheated room

actually sounds like some sort of rule

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

radius of gyration, k, is the square root

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Parallel Axis Theorem

you know the moment of inertia about a

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Parallel Axis Theorem

we usually use the bar over the

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Parallel Axis Theorem

you look carefully at the expression, you

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Parallel Axis Theorem

a manner similar to that which we used

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Parallel Axis Theorem

the back cover of the book, in the

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Parallel Axis Theorem

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Parallel Axis Theorem

Monday, November 26, 2012

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Using The Table

want to locate the moment of inertia in

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Using the Table

we can look at the table and find the

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Using the Table

this problem, the y axis is 8 from the y

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Using the Table

the Iy you should notice that

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Using the Table

we can calculate the area

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Using the Table

we know that distance between the y

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Using the Table

changed the notation for the distances

Moment of Inertia - Composite Area

Monday, November 26, 2012

Using the Table